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English: skills for learning
English: skills for learning

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5.2 Using adverbs in compound sentences

The two independent clauses that form a compound sentence are often linked through an adverb. You met most of these adverbs in Week 5 when you looked at ways to link ideas. The most common of these adverbs are listed in the following table.

Adding emphasisGiving an exampleAdding a consequenceAdding a contrasting ideaAdding a similar idea

indeed

in fact

for example

for instance

therefore

consequently

hence

thus

as a result

however

conversely

on the other hand

instead

on the contrary

nevertheless

similarly

likewise

Compound sentences linked through an adverb are structured as follows:

First independent clauseSemi-colonAdverbCommaSecond independent clause
Researchers have studied AIDS for many years;however,a vaccine has not been found yet.

Activity 10

Timing: Allow approximately 10 minutes

The following sets of sentences have been incorrectly or unclearly organised. Rewrite them including the adverb in the brackets and making correct use of punctuation.

Example:

Staff must be able to observe the patients this has the effect of reducing patients’ privacy and dignity. (however)

Answer

Staff must be able to observe the patients; however, this has the effect of reducing patients’ privacy and dignity.

  1. Migration is often seen as a large-scale or impersonal issue. It is an intense personal experience which transforms the individual lives of those who move. (however)
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Answer

  1. Migration is often seen as a large-scale or impersonal issue; however, it is an intense personal experience which transforms the individual lives of those who move.
  1. Global warming causes changes in ecosystems many animal populations will dwindle or die out. (consequently)
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Answer

  1. Global warming causes changes in ecosystems; consequently, many animal populations will dwindle or die out.
  1. Technology includes social innovations, a book can be thought of as a technology for sharing ideas. (for example)
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  1. Technology includes social innovations; for example, a book can be thought of as a technology for sharing ideas.
  1. All businesses must be aware of the environments in which they operate, they must identify factors that may affect them. (in particular)
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  1. All businesses must be aware of the environments in which they operate; in particular, they must identify factors that may affect them.
  1. At Cedar Court Nursing Home, rights to privacy and dignity are totally ignored by staff; residents are treated as objects of care. (indeed)
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Answer

  1. At Cedar Court Nursing Home, rights to privacy and dignity are totally ignored by staff; indeed, residents are treated as objects of care.