Croeso: beginners' Welsh
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Croeso: beginners' Welsh
Introduction
Welsh is a direct descendant of the Celtic language which was spoken in Britain before, during and after the Roman occupation. It is Britain’s oldest spoken language, and possesses a rich cultural history. Closely related to Breton and Cornish, and more distantly to Irish, Manx and Scots Gaelic, it is today spoken by almost 600,000 people in Wales, some 20 per cent of the population.
This OpenLearn course provides a sample of level 1 study in Languages.
You can learn more about Wales, the Welsh people and the Welsh language in the free course Discovering Wales and Welsh: first steps, which is based on the Open University course LG001 Discovering Wales and Welsh.
Tell us what you think! We’d love to hear from you to help us improve our free learning offering through OpenLearn by filling out this short survey.
Learning outcomes
After studying this course, you should be able to:
greet people and give an introduction in Welsh
understand the numbers 0-10 in Welsh
understand the days of the week in Welsh
exchange basic personal information.
1 Croeso i'r Gymraeg! Welcome to Welsh!
1.1 Aims of the course
The main aim of Croeso is to teach you basic Welsh and to provide you with some cultural knowledge about Wales and other areas where Welsh is spoken. This course will give you an opportunity to begin reading, writing speaking and listening to Welsh.
1.2 Which variety of Welsh is taught in Croeso?
While Wales has long had a standard literary language, no standard spoken form has been imposed and a speaker of Welsh will display certain dialect traits when speaking. While there are differences between east and west, the major distinction is between north and south. The divergences occur gradually rather than there being any clear demarcation line. Variations occur in pronunciation, the choice of words and in a few grammatical structures. Croeso teaches a form of Welsh from South Wales. Students on the full Croeso course can access written and spoken examples of northern Welsh on the course website.
1.3 How this course is structured
This course consists of sessions 2, 3 and 4 taken from the first course of L196 Croeso. Each session (Sesiwn) consists of a number of activities (named Ymarfer - exercise) to develop your reading, writing, speaking and listening skills in Welsh. You will also find some sections headed Ymarfer pellach (further practice), and at the end of sessions 3 & 4 a vocabulary list (Geirfa) followed by a grammar summary (Gramadeg).
A pdf transcript accompanies each audio track.
These main sessions are followed by additional reading and writing practice sessions 2, 3 and 4. You can choose to complete the additional practice material immediately after each corresponding Sesiwn, or you may wish to leave them all for revision at the end of the course.
2 Sesiwn 2
In this session you will learn about greetings and introductions, how to count from zero to ten and you will practise the days of the week.
Ymarfer 1
Read these phrases, then listen to them on the audio clip below and repeat. Note that the common greeting Sut mae? is pronounced shwmai in South Wales.
| Sut mae? | How are things/you? |
| Bore da | Good morning |
| Prynhawn da | Good afternoon |
| Noswaith dda | Good evening |
| Hwyl | Goodbye (informal) |
| Da boch chi | Goodbye (formal) |
Transcript: Audio 6
Ymarfer 2
Which greeting would you use at different times of day? Listen to audio track and respond appropriately.
Transcript: Audio 7
Ymarfer 3
This is how you introduce yourself. Listen to the audio clip and respond to the prompt.
Pwy dych chi? Who are you?
___ dw i. I'm ___.
Transcript: Audio 8
You may want to add the following:
Braf cwrdd â chi. Nice meeting you.
Ymarfer 4
Read the following words and phrases used for introductions. Then play the audio clip, listening to the examples and repeating them in the pause. Note that the common greeting Sut dych chi? is pronounced shwd ŷ chi in South Wales.
| Sut dych chi? | How are you? |
| Da iawn, diolch | Very well, thank you |
| Iawn | Fine |
| Go lew/Gweddol | OK/Not bad |
| Wedi blino | Tired |
| Ofnadwy | Terrible |
Transcript: Audio 9
Ymarfer 5
In response to the question Sut dych chi? write an appropriate response to match the symbols.
Answer
You should have written the following:
(a) da iawn (diolch)
(b) ofnadwy
(c) go lew/gweddol
(ch) wedi blino
Ymarfer 6
Now listen to the audio clip where you will hear questions asked of the following people. Give the reply they would offer.
a.John – tired
b.Elisabeth – very well, thanks
c.Tom – terrible
Transcript: Audio 10
Ymarfer 7
Read the numbers first and then say them aloud. Then play the audio clip, listening to the pronunciation and repeating after each number.
| 0 | dim |
| 1 | un |
| 2 | dau |
| 3 | tri |
| 4 | pedwar |
| 5 | pump |
| 6 | chwech |
| 7 | saith |
| 8 | wyth |
| 9 | naw |
| 10 | deg |
Transcript: Audio 11
Ymarfer 8
Listen to the numbers in the audio clip and say which number comes next.
Transcript: Audio 12
Ymarfer pellach
Here are some more ideas for number practice:
learn to say your own telephone number in Welsh
whenever you come across numbers during the day, try saying them in Welsh
practise counting down from 10 to 0.
Ymarfer 9
Now for some more practice. Say these sums aloud and answer them in Welsh. When you come across ‘+’, say a (and), and for ‘−’ say tynnu (take away).
(a) 3 + 5 =
(b) 9 − 4 =
(c) 3 + 4 − 7 =
(ch) 8 − 5 =
(d) 10 − 1 =
(dd) 3 + 7 =
(e) 4 + 6 − 8 =
Answer
How was your arithmetic? Did your sums go like this?
(a) tri + pump = wyth
(b) naw − pedwar = pump
(c) tri + pedwar − saith = dim
(ch) wyth − pump = tri
(d) deg − un = naw
(dd) tri + saith = deg
(e) pedwar + chwech − wyth = dau
Ymarfer 10
Look at the days of the week and find out what they are called in Welsh. Then listen to the audio clip and practise saying them.
Transcript: Audio 13
Now try to say the days of the week in order in Welsh, starting with Sunday. Use the jumbled list below to help you.
Ymarfer 11
Using the audio clip, listen to the prompts and say which day comes next.
Transcript: Audio 14
Ymarfer 12
Listen to the dialogue in the audio clip below and fill in the missing words.
Transcript: Audio 15
Answer
Here is the complete dialogue:
Ymarfer 13
Finally, test yourself on what you have learned in this session by listening to the English prompts in this audio clip and responding in Welsh.
Transcript: Audio 16
3 Sesiwn 3
In this session you will learn how to ask for and give basic information.
Ymarfer 14
Read the following exchanges, then listen to the audio clip and repeat what you hear.
| Beth yw'ch enw chi? | What's your name? |
| Huw dw i. | I'm Huw. |
| Gareth dych chi? | Are you Gareth? |
| Beth yw'ch rhif ffôn chi? | What's your phone number? |
Transcript: Audio 17
Ymarfer 15
Listen to the audio clip below. Make a note of the places and telephone numbers you hear, then play the clip again and give the information in Welsh.
Transcript: Audio 18
| Lle | Rhif | |
|---|---|---|
| Enghraifft | Caerdydd | 567 900 |
| Rhif ffôn 1 | ||
| Rhif ffôn 2 | ||
| Rhif ffôn 3 |
Answer
The answers for this activity are recorded in the audio clip.
Ymarfer 16
Listen to the phrases in the audio clip and repeat them after the sound.
Transcript: Audio 19
| Ble dych chi'n byw? | Where do you live? |
| Dw i'n byw yn Aberystwyth. | I live in Aberystwyth. |
| Dych chi'n byw yn Aberystwyth? | Do you live in Aberystwyth? |
| Ydw, dw i'n byw yn Aberystwyth. | Yes, I live in Aberystwyth. |
| Nac ydw, dw i ddim yn byw yn Aberystwyth. | No, I don't live in Aberystwyth. |
| O ble dych chi'n dod yn wreiddiol? | Where do you come from originally? |
| Beth dych chi'n wneud? | What do you do? |
| Ble dych chi'n gweithio? | Where do you work? |
| If you live near a town rather than in it, you may need to use ar bwys: | |
| Dw i'n byw ar bwys Llanbed. | I live near Lampeter. |
Ymarfer 17
Now learn the phrases in Ymarfer 16 and test yourself using the audio clip. Try to ask the questions without looking at the text.
Transcript: Audio 20
Fill in the gaps in the responses to the questions below.
Dych chi'n byw yn Llanelli?
a) ___, dw i'n byw yn Llanelli.
b) Nac ydw, ___ yn byw yn Llanelli.
c) ___, dw i'n byw yn Abertawe.
Dych chi'n byw ar bwys Wrecsam?
(ch) ___, dw i ddim yn byw ar bwys Wrecsam.
(d) Ydw, ___ ar bwys Wrecsam.
(dd) Nac ydw, ___ ar bwys Rhuthun.
If you were asked O ble dych chi'n dod yn wreiddiol? (Where do you come from originally?) you might answer:
| Dw i'n dod o Bontypridd. | I come from Pontypridd. |
| Dw i'n dod o Loegr. | I come from England. |
| Dw i'n dod o Gwmbrân. | I come from Cwmbrân. |
What do you notice about the Welsh place-names Pontypridd, Lloegr and Cwmbrân in these sentences?
Answer
Here are the complete sentences:
Dych chi'n byw yn Llanelli?
a) Ydw, dw i'n byw yn Llanelli.
b) Nac ydw, dw i ddim yn byw yn Llanelli.
c) Nac ydw, dw i'n byw yn Abertawe.
Dych chi'n byw ar bwys Wrecsam?
(ch) Nac ydw, dw i ddim yn byw ar bwys Wrecsam.
(d) Ydw, dw i'n byw ar bwys Wrecsam.
(dd) Nac ydw, dw i'n byw ar bwys Rhuthun.
You will have noticed that the initial consonant of the Welsh place-names Pontypridd, Lloegr and Cwmbrân have been ‘softened’ to Bontypridd, Loegr and Gwmbrân. This is a regular change in Welsh known as the soft mutation, which is explained in the grammar section at the end of Session 3.
Ymarfer 18
Listen to the audio clip where you are asked to say where you live and where you come from originally. You will be prompted to use the places given in the grid below, and then to give your real details.
Transcript: Audio 21
| You live in | You come from | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Llangollen | Aberystwyth |
| 2 | Y Rhyl | Pontypridd |
| 3 | Aberaeron | England |
| 4 | Ynys Môn (Anglesey) | Cwmbrân |
Ymarfer 19
If you were asked Beth dych chi'n wneud? (What do you do?) you might use one of the following answers.
| Athro dw i. | I'm a teacher. (male) |
| Athrawes dw i. | I'm a teacher. (female) |
| Gŵr tŷ dw i/Gwraig tŷ dw i. | I'm a house husband/I'm a housewife. |
| Dw i wedi ymddeol. | I'm retired. |
| Dw i'n ddi-waith. | I'm unemployed. |
| Dw i'n gweithio mewn siop. | I work in a shop. |
| Dw i'n gweithio yn y banc. | I work in the bank. |
Now listen to the audio clip and repeat what you hear.
Transcript: Audio 22
Ymarfer pellach
Practise saying these extra phrases:
| Mecanic dw i. | I'm a mechanic. |
| Dw i'n gweithio yn Tesco. | I work in Tesco. |
| Dw i'n gweithio fel actor. | I work as an actor. |
| Dw i'n gweithio i M&S. | I work for M&S. |
Ymarfer 20
Listen to the dialogue in the audio clip. How do the speakers answer these questions in Welsh?
Transcript: Audio 23
| Geraint | Ffion | |
|---|---|---|
| Sut dych chi? | ||
| Ble dych chi'n byw? | ||
| Beth dych chi'n wneud? |
Try to pick up the second thing which Geraint says he does – it's a useful thing to know how to say.
Answer
Here is the completed grid:
| Geraint | Ffion | |
|---|---|---|
| Sut dych chi? | Da iawn | |
| Ble dych chi'n byw? | Yn Llanelli | |
| Beth dych chi'n wneud? | Dw i wedi ymddeol. | Dw i'n gweithio yn y banc. |
Geraint added ‘…a dw i'n dysgu Cymraeg’ (‘… and I'm learning Welsh’).
Ymarfer 21
Finally, use the audio clip to practise giving your own personal answers to the questions you have learned. If necessary, go back over some of the activities until you feel confident in using the language you have learned in this session.
Transcript: Audio 24
Geirfa
Nouns in Welsh are either masculine or feminine. Sometimes the gender of a word will be obvious from the meaning (e.g. athro, athrawes), but for others (e.g. siop, swyddfa) you need to learn the gender when you learn the word. In the Geirfa sections of Croeso you can assume that nouns are masculine – gwrywaidd – unless they are marked (b) – benywaidd (feminine). Look at your own Welsh dictionary now to check how it indicates the gender of nouns. It will be made clear later on why you need to know a noun's gender.
| actor | actor | byw | to live |
| actores (b) | actress, female | di-waith | unemployed |
| actor | dod | to come | |
| ar bwys | near | enw | name |
| ar hyn o bryd | at the moment | gŵr tŷ | house husband |
| athrawes (b) | teacher (female) | gwraig tŷ(b) | housewife |
| athro | teacher (male) | gweithio | to work |
| banc | bank | mewn | in a |
| nawr | now | wedi ymddeol | retired |
| o (+ TM) | from (+ soft mutation) | yn | in + the/in + specific place |
| rhif ffôn | phone number | yn wreiddiol | originally |
| siop (b) | shop | ysbyty | hospital |
| swyddfa (b) | office | ysgol (b) | school |
Write down some vocabulary words that are relevant to you.
Gramadeg
a/an
Notice that there is no indefinite article (a/an) in Welsh:
| athro | a teacher |
| siop | a shop |
Mewn or yn?
Use mewn when it means ‘in a’:
in a hospital = mewn ysbyty
in a factory = mewn ffatri
Use yn when you refer to somewhere specific:
in the house = yn y tŷ
in Glangwili hospital = yn Ysbyty Glangwili
in the Sony factory = yn ffatri Sony
Mutations – Treigladau
Some consonants at the beginning of words undergo regular changes when in certain positions. The most common of these changes is known as the soft mutation (y treiglad meddal), which affects the initial letters listed in the table on the right. One place where this change occurs is after the word ‘from’. You will still be understood if you forget to use the mutated form, but, particularly when you need to find words in a dictionary, you need to be aware of the changes.
4 Sesiwn 4
In this session you will work on asking for and giving basic information about another person.
Ymarfer 22
Read the dialogue below and note down the different ways you can ask who someone is. Notice the differences between ‘his name’ and ‘her name’ in Welsh. Then play the audio clip, listening to the questions and answers and repeating after the pause.
| Beth yw ei enw e? | What's his name? |
| Huw yw e. | He's Huw. |
| Beth yw ei henw hi? | What's her name? |
| Carol yw hi. | She's Carol. |
| Pwy yw e? | Who's he? |
| Simon yw e. | He's Simon. |
| Pwy yw hi? | Who's she? |
| Llinos yw hi. | She's Llinos. |
| Gareth yw e? | Is he/that Gareth? |
| Ie* | Yes |
| Heulwen yw hi? | Is she/that Heulwen? |
| Nage* | No |
Footnotes
* Note that ie and nage are used to answer a question which begins with a name or an occupation.Transcript: Audio 25
Answer
You should have noted the following:
Beth yw ei enw e?
Beth yw ei henw hi?
Pwy yw e?
Pwy yw hi?
Gareth yw e?
Heulwen yw hi?
Did you notice the difference between ei enw e and ei henw hi?
Ymarfer 23
Now practise asking the questions. Listen to the English prompts in the audio clip and ask the correct questions in Welsh.
Transcript: Audio 26
Ymarfer 24
You now practise asking for a telephone number. Read the following questions and note down the differences between ‘his phone number’ and ‘her phone number’ in Welsh. Then listen to the first three phrases in the audio clip and repeat in the pause.
| Beth yw ei rif ffôn e? | What is his phone number? |
| Beth yw ei rhif ffôn hi? | What is her phone number? |
| Beth yw rhif ffôn Carol? | What is Carol's phone number? |
| Beth yw rhif ffôn Edward? | What is Edward's phone number? |
Answer
You only need to learn the phrases for now. Further explanation of the added h in ei henw hi and the change from rh to r in ei rif ffôn e can be found in other Welsh grammar reference materials, and will be provided for students registered on the full Croeso course.
Transcript: Audio 27
Ymarfer 25
Make up suitable questions or answers to complete the grid:
| Cwestiynau | Atebion |
|---|---|
| John yw e. | |
| Nage, Mair yw hi. | |
| Beth yw ei rif ffôn e? | |
| Beth yw ei henw hi? |
Answer
Your completed grid should include the following:
| Pwy yw e? | John yw e. |
| (any female name) yw hi? | Nage, Mair yw hi. |
| Beth yw ei rif ffôn e? | (any telephone number) |
| Beth yw ei henw hi? | (any female name) |
Ymarfer 26
Read the following questions and responses, then play the audio clip and practise them.
| Ble mae e'n byw? | Where does he live? |
| Mae e'n byw mewn fflat. | He lives in a flat. |
| Mae e'n byw ar fferm. | He lives on a farm. |
| Ble mae hi'n byw? | Where does she live? |
| Mae hi'n byw yn y wlad. | She lives in the country. |
| Mae hi'n byw yn y dre. | She lives in town. |
| O ble mae e'n dod yn wreiddiol? | Where does he come from originally? |
| Mae e'n dod o Aberdâr yn wreiddiol. | He comes from Aberdare originally. |
| O ble mae hi'n dod yn wreiddiol? | Where does she come from originally? |
| Mae hi'n dod yn wreiddiol o'r Rhyl. | She comes from Rhyl originally. |
Transcript: Audio 28
Ymarfer 27
When you are confident that you know the expressions taught in Ymarfer 4.5, use the audio clip to test yourself.
Transcript: Audio 29
Ymarfer 28
Read the phrases below, then listen to the audio clip and repeat.
| Beth mae e'n wneud? | What does he do? |
| Mecanic yw e. | He's a mechanic. |
| Beth mae hi'n wneud? | What does she do? |
| Meddyg yw hi. | She's a doctor. |
Transcript: Audio 30
Ymarfer 29
Read the following and note the different ways of asking questions and responding positively or negatively.
| Ydy e'n gweithio? | Does he work? |
| Ydy, mae e'n gweithio fel garddwr. | Yes, he works as a gardener. |
| Ydy, mae e'n gweithio gyda phlant. | Yes, he works with children. |
| Nac ydy, mae e'n ddi-waith. | No, he's unemployed. |
| Ydy hi'n gweithio? | Does she work? |
| Ydy, mae hi'n gweithio fel ysgrifenyddes. | Yes, she works as a secretary. |
| Nac ydy, mae hi wedi ymddeol. | No, she's retired. |
Ymarfer 90
Answer the questions based on the information in the following pictures.
(a) Ydy Siôn yn gweithio fel adeiladwr?
(b) Beth mae Catrin yn wneud?
(c) Ydy Iwan yn gweithio fel ffermwr?
(ch) Nyrs yw Nia?
(d) Plismon yw Hasan?
(dd) Beth mae Pádraig yn wneud?
(e) Ydy Iolo yn gweithio gyda chyfrifiaduron?
(f) Trydanwr yw Dic?
(ff) Ydy Mairead yn gweithio mewn swyddfa?
(g) Ydy Gwynfor wedi ymddeol?
(ng) Beth mae Ceinwen yn wneud?
(h) Ydy Helmut yn gweithio mewn siop?
Answer
Here are the correct answers:
(a) Ydy, mae e'n gweithio fel adeiladwr.
(b) Meddyg yw hi (or Mae hi'n gweithio fel meddyg).
(c) Nac ydy, nyrs yw e (or Nac ydy, mae e'n gweithio fel nyrs).
(ch) Nage, athrawes yw hi (or Nage, mae hi'n gweithio fel athrawes).
(d) Ie, plismon yw e.
(dd) Gyrrwr (lori) yw e (or Mae e'n gweithio fel gyrrwr (lori)).
(e) Nac ydy, garddwr yw e (or Mae e'n gweithio fel garddwr).
(f) Nage, ffermwr yw e.
(ff) Ydy, swyddog gweinyddol yw hi (or Mae hi'n gweithio fel swyddog gweinyddol).
(g) Nac ydy, mae e'n gweithio fel trydanwr (or Nac ydy, trydanwr yw e).
(ng) Mecanic yw hi (or Mae hi'n gweithio fel mecanic)
(h) Ydy, siopwr yw e.
Ymarfer 31
Now practise talking about people's occupations. Listen to the prompts in the audio clip and respond in Welsh.
Transcript: Audio 31
Ymarfer 32
Listen to the dialogue in the audio clip and answer the following questions:
Transcript: Audio 32
(a) Mecanic yw Gareth Lloyd?
(b) Ble mae e'n byw?
(c) Ydy e'n gweithio mewn ysbyty?
(ch) Ydy e'n dod o Abertawe yn wreiddiol?
Answer
Here are the answers to the questions:
(a) Nage, doctor yw e.
(b) Mae e'n byw ar bwys Pontarddulais.
(c) Ydy, mae e'n gweithio mewn ysbyty (yn Abertawe).
(ch) Nac ydy, o Gaerdydd mae e'n dod yn wreiddiol.
Geirfa
| actor | actor | meddwl | to think |
| actores (b) | actress | meddyg, doctor | doctor |
| adeiladwr | builder | nabod | to know |
| ar fferm | on a farm | (person) | |
| cyfrifiadur/on | computer/s | nyrs | nurse |
| dyma… | this is… | ond | but |
| dw i ddim yn | I don't know | plant | children |
| gwybod | (a fact) | plismon | policeman |
| fel | as (a) | plismones (b) | policewoman |
| fferm (b) | farm | siopwr | shopkeeper |
| ffermwr | farmer | swyddog | administrative |
| fflat | flat | gweinyddol | officer |
| gwybod | to know | trydanwr | electrician |
| (fact) | tŷ | house | |
| gyda | with | y dre (b) | the town |
| gyda | with | y wlad (b) | the country/countryside |
| chyfrifiaduron | computers | ||
| gyda fi | with me | ysgrifennydd | secretary |
| gyda phlant | with children | (male) | |
| gyrru | to drive | ysgrifenyddes (b) | secretary |
| gyrrwr | driver | (female) | |
| mecanic | mechanic |
Gramadeg
Answering ‘Yes/No’
You have already seen that if a question begins with:
Dych chi…? the answer is Ydw/Nac ydw
If a question begins with:
Ydy e/Ydy hi …? the answer is Ydy/Nac ydy
If there is a name or profession at the beginning of the question:
Huw dych chi?
Actor yw e? the answer is Ie/Nage
yn ('n) and wedi
You don't need 'n with wedi:
Dw i wedi ymddeol.
y/yr/‘r
These three forms correspond to ‘the’ in English.
y is used before consonants:
y dre, y siop
yr is used before vowels and ‘h’:
yr ysbyty, yr ysgol, yr adran (department), yr haf (summer)
'r is used after vowels, regardless of what comes afterwards:
Beth yw enw'r dyn? (What's the man's name?)
Mae e'n gyrru'r lori. (He drives the lorry.)
Mae hi'n dod o'r wlad. (She comes from the country.)
ei ‘her’
Notice that if ei meaning ‘her’ comes before a word beginning with a vowel it causes the vowel to be preceded by h:
ei henw hi.
5 Additional reading/writing practice
5.1 Sesiwn 2
Ymarfer 33
Ysgrifennwch sut byddech chi'n cyfarch pobl ar yr adegau yma o'r dydd:
How you would greet people at these times of the day?:
(a) 3 p.m. ____________
(b) 10 a.m. ____________
(c) 7 p.m. ____________
(ch) 7 a.m. ____________
(d) 5 p.m. ____________
(dd) 8 p.m. ____________
Answer
Here are the correct answers:
(a) 3 p.m. Prynhawn da
(b) 10 a.m. Bore da
(c) 7 p.m. Noswaith dda
(ch) 7 a.m. Bore da
(d) 5 p.m. Prynhawn da
(dd) 8 p.m. Noswaith dda
Ymarfer 34
Llenwch y bylchau:
Fill in the blanks:
(a) Pwy______chi?
(b) Da______, diolch.
(c) Dydd Sul, Dydd Llun, Dydd Mawrth, Dydd______, Dydd Iau.
(ch) Gareth ______ i.
(d) Sut ______ chi?
(dd) Braf ______ â chi.
Answer
You should have filled in the blanks as follows:
(a) Pwy dych chi?
(b) Da iawn, diolch.
(c) Dydd Sul, Dydd Llun, Dydd Mawrth, Dydd Mercher, Dydd Iau.
(ch) Gareth dw i.
(d) Sut dych chi?
(dd) Braf cwrdd â chi.
Ymarfer 35
Cyfieithwch:
Translate:
(a) Good morning ____________
(b) How are you? ____________
(c) Who are you? ____________
(ch) I'm Mr Jones ____________
(d) Nice to meet you ___________
(dd) Fine, thank you ___________
(e) Goodbye! ____________
Answer
Here are the correct translations:
(a) Bore da.
(b) Sut dych chi?
(c) Pwy dych chi?
(ch) Mr Jones dw i.
(d) Braf cwrdd â chi.
(dd) Iawn, diolch.
(e) Hwyl Fawr! / Da boch chi!
Ymarfer 36
Ysgrifennwch yr ateb i'r symiau yn Gymraeg:
Write the answer to the sums using Welsh words (not numerals!):
(a) 4 + 5 ____________
(b) 8 – 2 ____________
(c) 3 + 4 ____________
(ch) 8 – 6 ____________
(d) 5 + 3 ____________
(dd) 4 + 6 ____________
(e)9 + 2 – 11 ____________
Answer
You should have the following answers if your maths is sound:
(a) naw
(b) chwech
(c) saith
(ch) dau
(d) wyth
(dd) deg
(e) dim
Ymarfer 37
Ysgrifennwch ddyddiau'r wythnos yn eu trefn gywir, gan ddechrau gyda dydd Sul:
Write the days of the week in the correct order, starting with Sunday:
Dydd Sadwrn ____________
Dydd Mawrth ____________
Dydd Sul ____________
Dydd Iau ____________
Dydd Mercher ____________
Dydd Gwener ____________
Dydd Llun ____________
Answer
These are the days of the week in order, beginning with Sunday:
Dydd Sul
Dydd Llun
Dydd Mawrth
Dydd Mercher
Dydd Iau
Dydd Gwener
Dydd Sadwrn
5.2 Sesiwn 3
Ymarfer 38
Ysgrifennwch y cwestiynau ar gyfer yr atebion hyn:
Write the questions for these answers:
(a) ____________ ?
Meirion Rees dw i.
(b) ____________ ?
Dw i'n byw yn Aberystwyth.
(c) ____________ ?
01443 989023
(ch) ____________ ?
Mecanic dw i.
(d) ____________ ?
Dw i'n gweithio yn swyddfa Fred Williams.
(dd) ____________ ?
Dw i'n dod o Dregaron yn wreiddiol.
Answer
Here are the correct questions:
(a) Beth yw'ch enw chi? or Pwy dych chi?
(b) Ble dych chi'n byw?
(c) Beth yw'ch rhif ffôn chi?
(ch) Beth dych chi'n wneud?
(d) Ble dych chi'n gweithio?
(dd) O ble dych chi'n dod yn wreiddiol?
Ymarfer 39
Rhowch y geiriau mewn trefn i wneud brawddegau cywir:
Put the words in order to form correct sentences:
(a) yr Wyddgrug? byw Dych yn chi’n
____________
(b) dw Gwraig i tŷ
____________
(c) chi? Michael Hughes dych
____________
(ch) wreiddiol? O dych dod yn chi'n ble
____________
(d) siop gweithio i'n mewn Dw
____________
(dd) bwys i'n byw Dw ar Castell-nedd
____________
Answer
These are the correct sentences:
(a) Dych chi'n byw yn yr Wyddgrug?
(b) Gwraig tŷ dw i.
(c) Michael Hughes dych chi?
(ch) O ble dych chi'n dod yn wreiddiol?
(d) Dw i'n gweithio mewn siop.
(dd) Dw i'n byw ar bwys Castell-nedd.
Ymarfer 40
Gorffennwch y brawddegau hyn:
Complete these sentences:
(a) Beth ___ 'ch rhif ffôn chi?
(b) Ble ___ chi'n byw?
(c) Dw i'n ___ o Fodelwyddan.
(ch) Dw i ___ ymddeol.
(d) Dw i'n gweithio ___ siop.
(dd) Dw i'n gweithio ___ Ysbyty Singleton.
Answer
This is what you should have written in the gaps:
(a) Beth yw'ch rhif ffôn chi?
(b) Ble dych chi'n byw?
(c) Dw i'n dod o Fodelwyddan.
(ch) Dw i wedi ymddeol.
(d) Dw i'n gweithio mewn siop. (mewnis used when it means 'in a')
(dd) Dw i'n gweithio yn Ysbyty Singleton. (ynis used when it refers to a specific location)
Ymarfer 41
Atebwch y cwestiynau yn ôl y gofyn gyda brawddegau llawn:
Answer the questions according to the prompts – Y =‘positive’, N = ‘negative’. Use complete sentences:
Enghraifft:
Dych chi'n byw yn Abergwaun? (N) Nac ydw, dw i'n byw yn Wdig.
(a) Dych chi'n byw ar bwys y Felinheli? (Y)
____________
(b) Dych chi'n gweithio mewn swyddfa? (Y)
____________
(c) Dych chi'n gweithio yn Tesco? (N)
____________
Answer
You should have these answers to questions (a) and (b). The answer to question (c) after Nac ydw is one possibility only.
Ydw, dw i'n byw ar bwys y Felinheli.
Ydw, dw i'n gweithio mewn swyddfa.
Nac ydw, dw i'n gweithio yn Boots.
Ymarfer 42
Ysgrifennwch y geiriau Cymraeg yn y bwlch yn lle'r geiriau Saesneg mewn cromfachau:
Write the Welsh words in the gap instead of the English words in brackets:
(a) Dw i ___ (retired)
(b) Dych chi'n byw ___? (in Llanelli)
(c) Dw i'n gweithio ___ (in a school)
(ch) Dw i'n byw ___ (near Dolgellau)
(d) Dych chi'n gweithio ___? (in the bank)
(dd) Dw i'n gweithio ___ (near the hospital)
Answer
These are the complete sentences with the translations of the English words in bold:
(a) Dw i wedi ymddeol.
(b) Dych chi'n byw yn Llanelli?
(c) Dw i'n gweithio mewn ysgol.
(ch) Dw i'n byw ar bwys Dolgellau.
(d) Dych chi'n gweithio yn y banc?
(dd) Dw i'n gweithio ar bwys yr ysbyty.
Ymarfer 43
Atebwch y cwestiynau gyda brawddegau llawn:
Answer the questions with complete sentences:
(a) Beth yw'ch enw chi?
____________
(b) Ble dych chi'n byw?
____________
(c) O ble dych chi'n dod yn wreiddiol?
____________
(ch) Beth dych chi'n wneud?
____________
(d) Ble dych chi'n gweithio?
____________
Answer
The answers will obviously vary according to each individual, but compare what you have written with this version to check the structures you used.
(a) Mari Williams dw i.
(b) Dw i'n byw yn Abertawe.
(c) Dw i'n dod o Gaerdydd yn wreiddiol.
(ch) Actores dw i.
(d) Dw i'n gweithio yn Theatr y Grand.
5.3 Sesiwn 4
Ymarfer 44
Llenwch y bylchau yn y sgwrs hon.
Mae Sioned a Gwenda yn edrych ar ffotograff:
Fill the blanks in this conversation.
Sioned and Gwenda are looking at a photograph:
Answer
This is how the blanks should be filled:
Ymarfer 45
Ysgrifennwch y brawddegau hyn yn Gymraeg:
Write these sentences in Welsh:
(a) He lives in Llanelli.
____________
(b) Where does she live?
____________
(c) What does he do?
____________
(ch) She's a nurse.
____________
(d) What's her name?
____________
(dd) She lives near town.
____________
(e) What's his phone number?
____________
(f) Does he work?
____________
(ff) He works with children.
____________
(g) She works as a teacher.
____________
Answer
These are the sentences correctly translated into Welsh:
(a) Mae e'n byw yn Llanelli.
(b) Ble mae hi'n byw?
(c) Beth mae e'n wneud?
(ch) Nyrs yw hi.
(d) Beth yw ei henw hi?
(dd) Mae hi'n byw ar bwys y dre.
(e) Beth yw ei rif ffôn e?
(f) Ydy e'n gweithio?
(ff) Mae e'n gweithio gyda phlant.
(g) Mae hi'n gweithio fel athrawes.
Conclusion
This free course provided an introduction to studying languages. It took you through a series of exercises designed to develop your approach to study and learning at a distance, and helped to improve your confidence as an independent learner.
You can learn more about Wales, the Welsh people and the Welsh language in the free course Discovering Wales and Welsh: first steps, which is based on the Open University course LG001 Discovering Wales and Welsh.
Acknowledgements
This free course is an adapted extract from the course L196 Croeso: beginners' Welsh, which is currently out of presentation.
Except for third party materials and otherwise stated (see terms and conditions), this content is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 Licence
Course image: Geraint Rowland in Flickr made available under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.0 Licence.
Grateful acknowledgement is made to WJEC/CBAC for permission to use extracts adapted for this OpenLearn course from:
Croeso: beginners’ Welsh, an Open University adaptation of the Welsh language courses, Cwrs Mynediad by Elin Meek and Cwrs Sylfaen by Mark Stonelake and Emyr Davies, published by CBAC/WJEC.
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