Contents
Introduction
Learning outcomes
1 Introduction
1.1 Origin of the term ‘eutrophication’
1.2 Resource availability and species diversity
1.3 Natural eutrophication
1.4 Human-induced eutrophication
2 Effects of eutrophication
Introduction
2.1 Effects on primary producers in freshwater ecosystems
2.2 Effects on consumers in freshwater ecosystems
2.3 Effects on terrestrial vegetation
2.4 Effects on marine systems
3 Causes and mechanisms of eutrophication
3.1 Agents of eutrophication
3.2 Anthropogenic sources of nutrients
3.3 Mechanisms of eutrophication
4 Managing eutrophication
Introduction
4.1 Measuring and monitoring eutrophication
4.2 Reducing eutrophication
4.3 Reducing the nutrient source
4.3 Reducing the nutrient source, continued
4.4 Reducing nutrient availability
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
Solutions