Cade: There shall be in England seven halfpenny loaves sold for a penny; the three-hooped pot shall have ten hoops; and I will make it felony to drink small beer. (William Shakespeare, Henry VI, Part 2, written in 1594)
Then (1594) | Now (2005) | |
---|---|---|
Price of a loaf | ½ or 0.5 old penny | 60p |
Typical wage | 8 old pence per day | £360 per week |
Then (1594) | Now (2005) | |
---|---|---|
Price of a loaf | ½ or 0.5 old pence | 60p |
Typical wage per day | 8 old pence | 6000p |
Type of loaf | Number of quotations | Average price (pence) | Price range containing 80% of quotations (pence) |
---|---|---|---|
800 g white loaf, sliced | 349 | 55 | 39–76 |
800 g white loaf, unwrapped | 338 | 73 | 67–82 |
400 g white loaf, unsliced | 348 | 48 | 44–53 |
400 g brown loaf, sliced | 339 | 51 | 41–56 |
800 g brown loaf, unsliced | 331 | 77 | 73–84 |
Year | '90 | '91 | '92 | '93 | '94 | '95 | '96 | '97 | '98 | '99 | '00 | '01 | '02 | '03 | '04 |
Price (p) | 50 | 54 | 53 | 55 | 50 | 53 | 55 | 53 | 52 | 51 | 52 | 50 | 58 | 58 | 65 |
Year | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 |
Rate (£) | 295.6 | 318.2 | 340.1 | 353.5 | 362.1 | 374.6 | 391.3 | 408.7 | 427.1 | 442.4 | 464.1 | 490.5 | 513.8 | 525.0 |
Item | July 1990 price | July 2004 price | Increase |
---|---|---|---|
Large loaf (white) | 50p | 65p | 15p |
Milk (l pint, pasteurised) | 30p | 35p | 5p |
Eggs (1 dozen, size 2) | 121p | 169p | 48p |
Potatoes (1 kg, new loose) | 29p | 96p | 67p |
Sugar (1 kg) | 63p | 74p | 11p |
Total | 146p |
Item | July 1990 price | July 2004 price | Increase |
---|---|---|---|
Large loaf (white) | 50p | 65p | 15p |
Milk (1 pint, pasteurised) | 30p | 35p | 5p |
Eggs (1 dozen, size 2) | 121p | 169p | 48p |
Potatoes (50 kg, new loose) | 1450p | 4800p | 3350p |
Sugar (1 kg) | 63p | 74p | 11p |
Total | 3429p |
Item | July 1990 price | July 2004 price | Increase | Proportional increase (2 d.p.) | % increase (nearest %) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Large loaf (white) | 50p | 65p | 15p |
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Milk (lpint, pasteurised) | 30p | 35p | 5p |
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Eggs (1 dozen, size 2) | 121p | 169p | 48p |
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|
Potatoes (1 kg, new loose) | 29p | 96p | 67p |
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|
Sugar (1 kg) | 63p | 74p | 11p |
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|
Total | 3.35 | 335% |
Size of household | Frequency (Number of responses) |
---|---|
1 | 3 |
2 | 2 |
3 | 1 |
4 | 3 |
5 | 1 |
Size of household | frequency | size of household x frequency |
---|---|---|
1 | 3 | 1 × 3 = 3 |
2 | 2 | 2 × 2 = 4 |
3 | 1 | 3 × 1 = 3 |
4 | 3 | 4 × 3 = 12 |
5 | 1 | 5 × 1 = 5 |
Total | 10 | 27 |
Size of household (h) | Number of responses (f) | Products hf |
---|---|---|
1 | 3 | 1 × 3 = 3 |
2 | 2 | 2 × 2 = 4 |
3 | 1 | 3 × 1 = 3 |
4 | 3 | 4 × 3 = 12 |
5 | 1 | 5 × 1 = 5 |
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|
Number (c) of cars | Number (f) of responses | Products (cf) |
---|---|---|
0 | 3 | 0 |
1 | 4 | 4 |
2 | 2 | 4 |
3 | 1 | 3 |
Σf = 10 | Σcf = 11 |
TMA number | score | weight | score × weight |
---|---|---|---|
01 | 80 | 1 | 80 × 1 = 80 |
02 | 60 | 1 | 60 × 1 = 60 |
03 | 40 | 1 | 40 × 1 = 40 |
04 | 70 | 2 | 70 × 2 = 140 |
Total | 5 | 320 |
TMA number | score (x) | weight (w) | score × weight (xw) |
---|---|---|---|
01 | 80 | 20 | 80 × 20 = 1600 |
02 | 60 | 20 | 60 × 20 = 1200 |
03 | 40 | 20 | 40 × 20 = 800 |
04 | 70 | 40 | 70 × 40 = 2800 |
Total | 100 | 6400 |
Item | Proportional increase (July 1990-July 2004) | Average 1990 weekly bill in pence (weight) |
---|---|---|
Large loaf (white) | 0.30 | 288 |
Milk | 0.17 | 443 |
Eggs | 0.40 | 52 |
Potatoes | 2.31 | 94 |
Sugar | 0.17 | 23 |
Item | Proportional increase (July 1990–July 2004) (P) | Average 1990 weekly bill in pence (weight, w) | Increase in price, in pence (July 1990–July 2004) (pw) |
---|---|---|---|
Large loaf (white) | 0.30 | 288 | 0.30 × 288 = 86.4 |
Milk | 0.17 | 443 | 0.17 × 443 = 75.31 |
Eggs | 0.40 | 52 | 0.40 × 52 = 20.8 |
Potatoes | 2.31 | 94 | 2.31 × 94 = 217.14 |
Sugar | 0.17 | 23 | 0.17 × 23= 3.91 |
Total | 900 | 403.56 |
Mean |
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Weighted mean |
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Median | Sort the values in the batch into ascending order (if necessary). If the batch size is odd, then the median is the middle value. If the batch size is even, then the median is the mean of the two middle values. |
Item | % increase (1990–2004) | Weights (Average 1990 weekly bill, in pence) |
---|---|---|
Large loaf (white) | 30 | 288 |
Milk | 17 | 443 |
Eggs | 40 | 52 |
Potatoes | 231 | 94 |
Sugar | 17 | 23 |
Total | 900p |
Item | % increase (1990–2004) | Weights |
---|---|---|
Large loaf (white) | 30 | 2880 |
Milk | 17 | 4430 |
Eggs | 40 | 520 |
Potatoes | 231 | 940 |
Sugar | 17 | 230 |
Total of the weights | 9000 |
Item | Price ratio (2004 price 4÷1990 price) | Average 1990 weekly bill (pence) |
---|---|---|
Large loaf (white) | 1.30 | 288 |
Milk | 1.17 | 443 |
Eggs | 1.40 | 52 |
Potatoes | 3.31 | 94 |
Sugar | 1.17 | 23 |
Total | 900 |
Item | Price ratio | Weight (average 1997 weekly bill in pence) |
---|---|---|
Large loaf | 0.927 | 220 |
Milk | 0.972 | 420 |
Eggs | 0.969 | 50 |
Potatoes | 2.000 | 55 |
Sugar | 0.947 | 25 |
Year | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 |
Price ratio | 1.032 | 1.041 | 0.963 | 1.099 | 1.043 | 1.016 | 1.034 |
Year | Value of index in January |
---|---|
2000 | 107.4 × 0.963 = 103.4 (approx) |
2001 | 103.4 × 1.099 = 113.6 (approx) |
2002 | 113.6 × 1.043 = 118.5 (approx) |
2003 | 118.5 × 1.016 = 120.4 (approx) |
2004 | 120.4 × 1.034 = 124.5 (approx) |
Group | Subgroup | Weight | Group weight |
---|---|---|---|
Food and catering | Food | 111 | |
Catering | 49 | 160 | |
Alcohol and tobacco | Alcoholic drink | 68 | |
Tobacco | 29 | 97 | |
Housing and household expenditure | Housing | 209 | |
Fuel and light | 28 | ||
Household goods | 71 | ||
Household services | 59 | 367 | |
Personal expenditure | Clothing and footwear | 51 | |
Personal goods and services | 42 | 93 | |
Travel and leisure | Motoring expenditure | 146 | |
Fares and other travel costs | 21 | ||
Leisure goods | 46 | ||
Leisure services | 70 | 283 | |
All items (i.e. the sum of the weights) | 1000 |
Expenditure and weights | Your expenditure and weights | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Expenditure 2004 (£) | Group totals (£) | Group weights | Expenditure last year (£) | Group totals (£) | Group weights | |
Food and catering | ||||||
—at home | 270 | — | ||||
—canteens, snacks and take-aways | 65 | — | ||||
—restaurant meals | 15 | — | ||||
350 | 269 | ______ | ______ | |||
Alcohol and tobacco | ||||||
—alcoholic drink | 6 | — | ||||
—cigarettes and tobacco | 0 | — | ||||
6 | 5 | ______ | ______ | |||
Housing and household expenditure | ||||||
—mortgage interest/rent | 89 | — | ||||
—council tax | 76 | — | ||||
—water charges | 32 | — | ||||
—house insurance | 22 | — | ||||
—repairs/maintenance/DIY | 30 | — | ||||
—gas/electricity/coal/oil bills | 100 | — | ||||
—household goods (furniture, appliances, consumables, etc.) | 50 | — | ||||
—telephone bills | 15 | — | ||||
—school and university fees | 0 | — | ||||
—pet care | 0 | — | ||||
414 | 318 | ______ | ______ | |||
Personal expenditure | ||||||
—clothing and footwear | 40 | — | ||||
—other (hairdressing, chemists' goods etc.) | 8 | — | ||||
48 | 37 | ______ | ______ | |||
Travel and leisure | ||||||
—motoring (purchase, maintenance, petrol, tax, insurance) | 160 | — | ||||
—fares | 140 | — | ||||
—books, newspapers, magazines | 60 | — | ||||
—audio-visual equipment, CDs etc. | 20 | — | ||||
—toys, photographic and sports goods | 3 | — | ||||
—TV purchase/rental, licence | 0 | — | ||||
—cinema, theatre, etc. | 20 | — | ||||
—holidays | 80 | — | ||||
483 | 371 | ______ | ______ | |||
1301 | 1000 | ______ | ______ |
Group | Price ratio r | Weight w | Ratio × weight rw |
---|---|---|---|
Food and catering | 1.003 | 160 | 160.480 |
Alcohol and tobacco | 1.016 | 97 | 98.552 |
Housing and household expenditure | 1.028 | 367 | 377.276 |
Personal expenditure | 1.010 | 93 | 93.930 |
Travel and leisure | 1.004 | 283 | 284.132 |
Sum | 1000 | 1014.370 |
Group | Price ratio for June 2004 relative to January 2004 (r) | 2004 weights (w) | (r × w) |
---|---|---|---|
Food and catering | 1.001 | 160 | |
Alcohol and tobacco | 1.019 | 97 | |
Housing and household expenditure | 1.043 | 367 | |
Personal expenditure | 1.006 | 93 | |
Travel and leisure | 1.008 | 283 | |
Total |
Division | Price ratio for June 2004 relative to December 2003 | 2004 weights |
---|---|---|
Food and non-alcoholic beverages | 0.992 | 106 |
Alcoholic beverages and tobacco | 1.024 | 46 |
Clothing and footwear | 0.957 | 62 |
Housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels | 1.025 | 103 |
Furniture, household equipment and maintenance | 0.990 | 75 |
Health | 1.011 | 22 |
Transport | 1.023 | 151 |
Communication | 1.006 | 26 |
Recreation and culture | 0.996 | 150 |
Education | 1.000 | 16 |
Restaurants and hotels | 1.016 | 137 |
Miscellaneous goods and services | 1.008 | 106 |
Births | Population in millions | |
---|---|---|
Republic of Ireland | 60 000 | 3.9 |
UK | 670 000 | 59.1 |
Name | Age | Height (cm) | Head circumference (cm) | H/C |
---|---|---|---|---|
David | 1 day | 51 | 35.5 | |
Shelley | 2 years | 82 | 49 | |
Lydia | 5 years | 114 | 52.5 | |
Ruth | 10 years | 127.5 | 54.5 | |
Bal | 12 years | 144 | 54.5 | |
Marti | 33 years | 157.5 | 55.5 | |
Sunil | 37 years | 172 | 55 |
Name | Age | H/C |
---|---|---|
David | 1 day | 1.44 |
Shelley | 2 years | 1.67 |
Lydia | 5 years | 2.17 |
Ruth | 10 years | 2.34 |
Bal | 12 years | 2.64 |
Marti | 33 years | 2.84 |
Sunil | 37 years | 3.13 |
Actual person M (cm) | Photograph P (cm) | Person/photograph ratio M/P | |
---|---|---|---|
Height | 173 | 4.1 | |
Shoulder width | 44.5 | 1.1 | |
Arm length | 71 | 1.7 | |
Foot length | 25 | 0.6 |
Ingredients | Amounts for six servings | Amounts for eight servings |
---|---|---|
Toasted hazelnuts | 225 g | |
Cornflour | 2 tablespoons | |
Separated eggs | 2 | |
Castor sugar | 75 g | |
Milk | 300 ml | |
Vanilla essence | a few drops | |
Double cream | 300 ml |
Hazelnuts | 225 g × 4/3 | = 300 g |
Castor sugar | 75 g × 4/3 | =100 g |
Milk | 300 g × 4/3 | = 400 g |