The branch of science and technology concerned with the development and modification of engines (in various senses), machines, structures, or other complicated systems and processes using specialized knowledge or skills, typically for public or commercial use; the profession of an engineer. Frequently with distinguishing word: chemical, civil, electrical, mechanical, military engineering, etc.
Factor | Symbol | |
---|---|---|
deca metre | × 10 | |
hecta metre | × 100 | |
kilo metre | × 1000 | km |
mega metre | × 1 000 000 | Mm |
giga metre | × 1 000 000 000 | Gm |
Factor | Symbol | |
---|---|---|
deci metre | × 1/10 | dm |
centi metre | × 1/100 | cm |
milli metre | × 1/1000 | mm |
micro metre | × 1/1 000 000 | μm |
nano metre | × 1/1 000 000 000 | nm |
at the Hôtel des Invalides, in front of august witnesses, Guillaume Deschamps disassembled fifty flintlocks and recombined their parts to produce fifty functioning flintlocks. The minister of war ordered Vallière [a French artillery officer] to supervise the inventor's attempts to expand his system. By 1727 Deschamps had manufactured 660 locks judged interchangeable by Vallière's own inspectors, 'all properly reassembled without a single stroke of the file'. Each lock, however, had cost five times the current price. Undaunted, Deschamps proposed a larger manufacture to produce 5000 identical gunlocks, which he expected to cost only one twentieth of the current price. Tasks were to be divided among specialist workers, who would use dies, gauges and filing jigs to shape parts precisely. Master pattern locks would be distributed to the War Office, Grand Master, inspector, controller and examiner. Deschamps noted that with six hundred locksmiths in the St. Etienne region, he could locally staff a manufacture to produce 40 000 gunlocks a year. (Alder, 1999, p. 221)
Factor | Symbol | |
---|---|---|
microgram | × 1/1 000 000 | μg |
milligram | × 1/1000 | mg |
gram | 1 | g |
kilogram | × 1000 | kg |
tonne | × 1 000 000 | t |
Aluminium is too soft for a folding bicycle, it just doesn't stand up to the knocks, the everyday wear and tear. (Ritchie, 1999)
The idea of putting a bicycle into a bag is, indeed, a queer one, but of considerable value for all that, in these days of high railway charges. (Hadland and Pinkerton, 1996, quote in the front matter)
It was too complicated, I gave up an inch when that idea was dropped. (Ritchie, 1999)
I had demonstrated that the design concept could result in a compact folding bicycle. (Ritchie, 1999)
Bending one top tube is difficult enough, bending 50 is really tiring. (Ritchie, 1999)
After the first 50 I got a small-firm government loan to produce batches of 50 bicycles; 400 in a year and a half. (Ritchie, 1999)
Old technology | New technology | |
New context | innovation | invention |
Old context | routine design | innovation |
My message for business leaders is always, if you want to be more innovative, if you want to be more competitive, if you want to grow, you can't just think about what your next product's going to be or what your technology's going to be. You have to think about the culture that you're going to build that allows you to do this over and over and over again. ... Cultures are basically built around value; they're built around what people think are important. And if you evolve what you think is important, you can evolve the culture. I mean IBM is a great example of a company that went from being a highly technocratic technological culture to being essentially a management consulting culture today by changing what they thought was important. You can't expect to change it overnight; it takes a lot of effort by a lot of people over a lot of time. But I absolutely believe it's possible to do. I think it's essential. I mean, let's face it, the world is changing so dramatically today that hardly any organisation is set up for the future. And so if we can't change our cultures, then essentially we're accepting that the organisations we have today will disappear and other ones will emerge to replace them. It's not a very optimistic view and it's also not one that shareholders will probably get very excited about. (Brown, 2009)
The requirement for minimum robustness is satisfied if the ocular withstands the application of a 22 mm nominal diameter steel ball with a force of (100 ± 2) N.
The ocular shall withstand the impact of a 22 mm nominal diameter steel ball, of 43 g minimum mass, striking the ocular at a speed of approximately 5.1 m s −1.
Accident: Anything that happens. An event; especially an unforeseen contingency; a disaster. Chance, fortune. Medically, An unfavourable symptom. A casual appearance or effect. That which is present by chance and so non-essential.
An accident is a non-deliberate, unplanned event which may produce undesirable effects, and is preceded by unsafe, avoidable act(s) and/or condition(s). (Thygerson, 1977)
Risk: Hazard, danger, exposure to mischance or peril. The chance or hazard of commercial loss, specifically in the case of insured property or goods.
The USA National Intelligence Council predicted that additive manufacturing will by 2030 advance beyond its current functions of creating models and rapid prototyping in the automotive and aerospace industries to transform how some conventional mass-produced products are fabricated. ( Scientific American , 2013)
The original principle of all things is water, from which everything proceeds and into which everything is resolved.
There is electricity within the body of living animals; it is important to the functioning of muscles and nerves. This electricity can be drained, even from dead and dismembered animals. One way to do so with a frog is to pierce the spinal cord with a metallic conductor. As the electricity drains away, muscle spasms occur.
A brass hook on an iron railing, in the presence of moisture, will generate energy capable of electrically stimulating animal tissue in contact with both metals. Applied to sensitive areas of muscle one should not be surprised to see spasms.
zinc, tin, lead, iron, copper, platinum, gold, silver, graphite.
Although satisfied that, with our present knowledge of electrical forces, we can scarcely hope to adapt the electric light to any useful purpose, within the limits of any ordinary economy, or to apply electro-magnetism as a motive power; it is quite possible that we may, by a careful study of the primary laws of these forms of electrical force, arrive at new conditions which may enable us to apply them. The empirical mode of proceeding at present adopted is of the most hopeless character. The models of electro-magnetic engines exhibited have much in them which is exceedingly ingenious; but, although working well as models, they do not promise to work with regularity or economy on the large scale; and for the present we must rest content to burn coals in our furnace rather than zinc in our batteries.
Chemical symbol | Element name |
---|---|
Mg | Magnesium |
Al | Aluminium |
Ti | Titanium |
Zn | Zinc |
Fe | Iron |
Cd | Cadmium |
Ni | Nickel |
Sn | Tin |
Pb | Lead |
Cu | Copper |
Ag | Silver |
Au | Gold |
Foreword | ||
1 | Scope | |
2 | Normative references | |
3 | Terms and definitions | |
4 | Classification | |
4.1 | Function of eye-protectors | |
4.2 | Types of eye-protectors | |
4.3 | Types of ocular | |
5 | Designation of filters | |
6 | Design and manufacturing requirements | |
6.1 | General construction | |
6.2 | Materials | |
6.3 | Headbands | |
7 | Basic, particular and optional requirements | |
7.1 | Basic requirements | |
7.2 | Particular requirements | |
7.3 | Optional requirements | |
8 | Allocation of requirements, test schedules and application | |
8.1 | Requirements and test method | |
8.2 | Test schedules for type examination | |
8.3 | Application of eye-protector types | |
9 | Marking | |
9.1 | General | |
9.2 | Ocular marking | |
9.3 | Frame marking | |
9.4 | Marking of eye-protectors where the frame and ocular form a single unit | |
10 | Information supplied by the manufacturer | |
Annex ZA (informative) Clauses of this European Standard addressing essential requirements or other provisions of EU Directives |