Spurious correlation

Sometimes a correlation can be found between two variables but there is no relationship or connection between them at all. This is known as spurious correlation or, in other words ‘false correlation’.

For example, the number of astronauts dying in spacecraft is directly correlated to seatbelt use in cars. At first glance there appears to be a link between the two variables but there is no relationship, so the correlation is spurious.

Having discussions with your learners about when correlation does and does not imply a relationship is a useful way to support the development of their statistical thinking.