What is an ecosystem? There are two schools of thought: one that applies a geographical definition, such as a Rainforest ecosystem or Arctic ecosystem; the other one that defines it as a set of organisms and abiotic components, linked by processes of energy transfer and cycling of materials.
To help you answer this question, we have collated a range of free content for you to take your learning further with more in-depth free courses and features on this fascinating subject.
If you follow our free Introduction to Ecosystems course on FutureLearn, throughout this course you will be considering these overarching questions: What is the importance of understanding ecosystems, how do they work and how crucial is their conservation? In week six you'll look at issues surrounding large scale managment and conservation concluding with a study of the Galápagos archipelago World Heritage Site.
As you work through each week of the course, stop by OpenLearn to find articles, podcasts and plenty more so you can explore that week's topics in more depth.
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Before you start the course
Dig deeper into week six
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Galápagos: Conservation on a World Heritage Site
What makes the Galápagos archipelago so unique and what is the impact of this uniqueness on its conservation?
Article
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The Galapagos
The Galapagos Islands are famous for inspiring Charles Darwin to form his Theory of Evolution based on the biodiversity he'd observed there. This year marks the 150th anniversary of the publication of his "On the origin of species", and the unspoilt islands still fascinate researchers. Some of the plants and animals that live here are found ...
Audio
Week five...
In week five you will look at how humans affect ecosystems. Early humans were components of the ecosystem in which they evolved, however modern humans spread across a range of systems that differ from those in which the species originated.
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Follow the elephant
Human activity can have a devasting impact on migratory species, such as the African elephant
Article
Level: 1 Introductory
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Environment: habitat and conservation
The relationship between sea and land has always been one of dynamic change. Yet, as rising sea levels threaten habitats for wildlife and humans alike, we are today more vulnerable than ever. The 11 video tracks on this album address the complexities of environmental change, focusing on the Blackwater Water Estuary in Essex where a coastal ...
Audio
Week four...
In week four you will learn about the smaller organisms at the base of food chains in simple and complex ecosystems. Then you will look for organisms in your own area and identify them using the iSpot community.
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Diploma of Higher Education in Healthcare Practice
This qualification is designed to promote the development of healthcare career pathways, and to prepare healthcare assistants/healthcare support workers for the role of assistant/associate practitioner. It develops the knowledge and competences needed to deliver high quality, safe and compassionate care to service users from a diversity of ...
External link
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An introduction to the iSpot website
Find out how to use the iSpot website, where you can share your observations of wildlife, whether these are descriptions or photographs.
External link
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Discovering new life with iSpot
Whether common or rare, making a note of what wildlife we find around us can help monitor the changing fortunes of our wildlife.
Article
Level: 1 Introductory
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Investigating flagellates, plankton and filter feeders
How do we enter the strange and fascinating world of small organisms? How do scientists explore their habits, growth, and rather intriguing behaviours? In this album, scientists from Italy, the US and the UK reveal some of the technologies and techniques they use to investigate the behaviour of small aquatic organisms such as flagellates, ...
Audio
Week three...
In week three you will see that studying ecosystems in the most inhospitable places reveals a range of adaptations to survival. Desert or polar ecosystems seem remote, but their links with other ecosystems are very important.
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Animal life in the ice
There is harsh living to be had in the arctic and antarctic - explore the life of animals who live in the ice.
Article
Level: 1 Introductory
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Animals at the extremes: the desert environment
Animal life has adapted to survive in the most unlikely and inhospitable habitats. This free course, Animals at the extremes: the desert environment, looks at the surprisingly diverse desert climates throughout the world and mammals, birds, lizards and amphibians that survive there. It splits these animals into three groups according to their ...
Free course
14 hours
Level: 2 Intermediate
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Animals at the extremes: hibernation and torpor
Hibernation is an ingenious adaptation that some animals employ to survive difficult conditions in winter. This free course, Animals at the extremes: hibernation and torpor, examines the differences between hibernation and torpor, and discusses the characteristic signs of hibernation behaviour. It explores the triggers that bring on hibernation,...
Free course
14 hours
Level: 2 Intermediate
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Animals at the extremes: polar biology
The extreme challenges of life in the polar regions require the animals who make their habitat there to make many adaptations. This free course, Animals at the extremes: polar biology, explores the polar climate and how animals like reindeer, polar bears, penguins, sea life and even humans manage to survive there. It looks at the adaptations to ...
Free course
14 hours
Level: 2 Intermediate
Week two...
In week two you will learn about the adaptations of animals to the challenges posed by different types of ecosystems. You will also learn that ecosystems comprise more than relationships between organisms in the habitat. They are affected by factors such as light, water, carbon dioxide and nutrients and, of course, human activity.
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Exploring oak woodland
Oak woodland is a characteristic feature of the English landscape and home to a huge variety of plants and animals. On this album, Professor David Streeter of the University of Sussex explores some characteristic features of an English oak wood, and reveals some of the processes that maintain the web of life within the wood. In three further ...
Audio
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Investigating fungi: the wood-wide web
How fundamental are fungi to a forest's eco-system? And how can they be utilised to reclaim barren land and grow sustainable plantations for economic markets? In this album, scientists from the UK and Malaysia explore how fungi form constructive and cooperative partnerships with other plants and trees, and how such symbiosis can be used for ...
Audio
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Neighbourhood nature
There is a fascinating world of nature all around us which we can see if we know how to look for it. Wherever you live, be it in a city or the countryside, you will find areas that support a range of wildlife. This free course, Neighbourhood nature, will provide you with basic scientific and observational skills so that you can go into your ...
Free course
1 hour
Level: 1 Introductory
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Studying mammals: Life in the trees
David Attenborough looks at life in the trees: examining how species have evolved to cope with arboreal living. In this free course, Studying mammals: Life in the trees, you will learn how lemurs, anteaters, bears and many others have developed different methods to help movement and survival.
Free course
10 hours
Level: 1 Introductory
Week one...
In week one you will learn that there are different ways that an ecosystem can be defined and examine the core concept of an ecosystem through the example of a rock pool. You will also learn how to study ecosystems by looking at a case study of Wicken Fen.
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Ecosystems: living communities
What are ecosystems, and what do different ecosystems have in common? How are they affected by human activity? From the diverse rainforests of the tropics to the smallest microbial communities, ecosystems support life on Earth. This album reveals the ecological relationships that create these living systems of energy transfer and explores some ...
Audio
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Introducing the environment: Ecology and ecosystems
What is ecology and why is it important to our understanding of the world around us? This free course, Introducing the environment: Ecology and ecosystems, looks at how we can study ecosystems to explore the effect that humans are having on the environment.
Free course
5 hours
Level: 1 Introductory
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Top predators and ecosystems
Ecosystems may not be as simple as you think. Find out what happens when a top predator is removed from one.
Article
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