# 8.1 Principles of debriefing

Debriefing, as for all forms of learning, can be improved for all concerned by considering some key principles for inclusion during the debriefing process:

- Leveraging Simulation Data: Digital simulations are a game-changer! They allow us to capture and replay our performance, so we can review screen recordings, performance metrics, and decision logs for objective feedback. This shifts the conversation from ‘what I think I did’ to ‘what the data shows’, making it more evidence-based and constructive.
- Establishing Psychological Safety in a Virtual Room: Creating a safe space is even more important in a virtual environment where non-verbal cues can be tricky. The facilitator should set the tone by establishing ground rules for the video call, like ‘no judgment’ or ‘all cameras on if possible’. This helps participants feel comfortable sharing mistakes, even if we’re not in the same room.
- Structured Facilitation: Digital tools can help us stay on track with the debriefing. The facilitator can use screen-sharing to guide the group through the different phases of the debrief, like displaying a slide for the ‘Reactions’ phase and then another for the ‘Analysis’. This keeps the conversation focused and ensures we cover all the learning objectives, even if we’re not in the same room.
- Encouraging Reflection Through Prompts: It can be tough to get everyone involved in a digital debrief, so the facilitator should use specific, open-ended questions to encourage deeper reflection. For example, ‘Looking at the data, what decision would you change and why?’ can help us think more critically. Using features like a shared digital whiteboard or chat can also allow for wider, anonymous participation.
- Connecting Virtual Experience to Real-World Practice: The debriefing is the bridge between the digital world and the clinical one. We should explicitly link the skills we learned in the simulation, like using a virtual interface or managing a remote team, to their real-world applications. This makes sure the training’s value is clear and actionable.

Overall, debriefing is a valuable tool for both personal and professional growth, helping to ensure that experiences are used constructively to improve future outcomes (Toews, Martin, and Chernomas, 2021).

## Activity 5

20 minutes

#### Part 1: Reflection

Make your own notes in response to the following questions.

What are your thoughts on being in or facilitating a debriefing session?

- Think about the possible opportunities and limitations of using debriefing as a stage of digital simulation within the context of your own practice setting.
- If possible, discuss this with a colleague and make some notes on your conclusions.

(A text entry box would appear here, but your browser does not support it.)

#### Part 2: Quiz

Question 1: A facilitator is leading a debriefing session after a team completes a simulated emergency scenario. The facilitator wants to use the data captured during the simulation to guide the conversation. Which of the following principles is the facilitator applying?

a) Establishing psychological safety in a virtual room
b) Leveraging simulation data
c) Encouraging reflection through prompts
d) Connecting virtual experience to real-world practice

Question 2: During a digital debrief, a facilitator notices that a participant seems hesitant to speak. To address this, the facilitator reminds the group that the session is a safe space for learning and that mistakes are an essential part of the process. Which two principles is the facilitator focusing on?

a) Structured facilitation
b) Establishing psychological safety in a virtual room
c) Encouraging reflection through prompts
d) Learner-centered approach

Question 3: A debriefing session ends with the facilitator asking each participant to state one thing they will do differently in their next real-world clinical shift based on what they learned. This action is most closely related to which debriefing principle?

a) Structured facilitation
b) Connecting virtual experience to real-world practice
c) Leveraging simulation data
d) Encouraging reflection through prompts

OpenLearn - An introduction to digital simulation in healthcare
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