# Cyfeiriadau

Addysg a Gwella Iechyd Cymru (AaGIC) (dim dyddiad) Digwyddiadau, [ar-lein]. Ar gael yn: https://aagic.gig.cymru/addysg-a-hyfforddiant/addysg-yn-seiliedig-ar-efelychiad/digwyddiadau/ (Cyrchwyd: 1 Gorffennaf 2025).

Addysg a Gwella Iechyd Cymru (AaGIC) (2022) Strategaeth Addysg a Hyfforddiant Seiliedig ar Efelychu Cymru Gyfan ar gyfer y Gweithlu Gofal Iechyd: Y weledigaeth ar gyfer y pum mlynedd nesaf: 2022 – 2027, [ar-lein]. Ar gael yn: https://aagic.gig.cymru/files/all-wales-simulation-3/ (Cyrchwyd: 30 Mehefin 2025).

Artino, A.R., Durning, S.J., Schuwirth, L., van der Vleuten, C.P.M. (2013) ‘A clinical reasoning tool for virtual patients: Design-based research study’, JMIR Medical Education, [ar-lein]. Ar gael yn: https://www.jmir.org/2013/2/e18/ (Cyrchwyd: 3 Mehefin 2025).

Association for Simulated Practice in Healthcare (ASPiH) (2023) The ASPiH Standards – 2023: guiding simulation-based practice in health and care, [ar-lein]. Ar gael yn : https://aspih.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/ASPiH-Standards-2023-CDN-Final.pdf (Cyrchwyd: 30 Mehefin 2025).

Association for Simulated Practice in Healthcare (ASPiH) and Health Education England (HEE) (2022) Standards for organisations that deliver simulation, [ar-lein]. Ar gael yn: https://www.hee.nhs.uk/sites/default/files/documents/Standards%20for%20organisations%20that%20deliver%20simulation.pdf (Cyrchwyd: 30 Mehefin 2025).

Bjørn, K.A., Alinier, G., and Morrow, S. (2020) ‘Comparison of virtual patient simulation with mannequin-based simulation for improving clinical performances in assessing and managing clinical deterioration: Randomized controlled trial’, Journal of Medical Internet Research, [ar-lein]. Ar gael yn: https://www.jmir.org/2020/4/e15857/ (Cyrchwyd: 3 Mehefin 2025).

Bodnar, J., Czuba, D., Różycki, M., et al. (2019) ‘The utility of virtual patient simulations for clinical reasoning education’, Medical Education, 53(3), tt. 275-283. Ar gael yn: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/medu.13739 (Cyrchwyd: 3 Mehefin 2025).

Center for Immersive and Simulation-based Learning (CISL), Stanford University (dim dyddiad) Simulation Modalities Available, Ar gael yn: https://cisl.stanford.edu/explore-simulation-based-education/simulation-modalities-available.html (Cyrchwyd: 30 Mehefin 2025).

Cervantes, R., Perez, P., Ganem, L., et al. (2019) ‘The use of virtual reality and simulators for emergency management training increases employees' role awareness, commitment, and information retention, while helping companies to stay compliant’, Offshore Mediterranean Conference and Exhibition | OnePetro, [ar-lein]. Ar gael yn: https://www.onepetro.org (Cyrchwyd: 3 Mehefin 2025).

Conelius, J., Owen, N.S., Reynolds, S. (2023) ‘Simulation Modalities’ in: Kutzin, J.M., Waxman, K., Lopez, C.M., Kiegaldie, D. (goln) ‘Comprehensive Healthcare Simulation: Nursing’, Springer Nature Link, Comprehensive Healthcare Simulation: Nursing. [ar-lein]. Ar gael yn: https://doi-org.libezproxy.open.ac.uk/10.1007/978-3-031-31090-4_2 (Cyrchwyd: 1 Gorffennaf 2025).

Council of Deans of Health (2025) Podlediad, Ar gael yn: https://www.councilofdeans.org.uk/news-and-policy/podcast/ (Cyrchwyd: 1 Gorffennaf 2025).

Y Cyngor Nyrsio a Bydwreigiaeth (NMC) (2024) dysgu Ymarfer Efelychiadol [ar-lein]. Ar gael yn: https://www.nmc.org.uk/standards/guidance/supporting-information-for-our-education-and-training-standards/simulated-practice-learning/ (Cyrchwyd: 30 Mehefin 2025).

Darllenwyr Gofal Iechyd (2025) Efelychu ym maes Gofal iechyd: A Medical Training Revolution, [ar-lein]. Ar gael yn: https://healthcarereaders.com/insights/simulation-in-healthcare (Cyrchwyd: 30 Mehefin 2025).

De Angeli, A., McCaffery, M., Stone, E. (2019) ‘Healthcare education with virtual-world simulations’, Health Informatics Journal, [ar-lein]. Ar gael yn: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1460458218805009 (Cyrchwyd: 3 Mehefin 2025).

Diaz-Navarro, C., Hadfield, A. and Pierce, S. (2014) TALK for clinical debriefing, Ar gael yn: https://www.talkdebrief.org/startingtotalk (Cyrchwyd: 1 Gorffennaf 2025).

Diaz-Navarro, C., Hadfield, A. a Pierce, S. (2022) TALK: A Tool for Structured Clinical Debriefing, Ar gael yn: https://learninghub.nhs.uk/Resource/8094/Item (Cyrchwyd: 1 Gorffennaf 2025).

Diaz-Navarro, C., Jones, B., Stafford, J., Mitra, S., Catrin Cook, S., a Hawker, C. (2023) A66 Standardizing debriefing in Wales: the Triangular Approach: International Journal of Healthcare Simulation.3.(1). from 10.54531/KZWG5509 (Cyrchwyd: 1 Gorffennaf 2025).

Digital Health Education Collaboration (2019) ‘Health professions’ digital education: Review of learning theories in randomized controlled trials’, Journal of Medical Internet Research, [ar-lein]. Ar gael yn: https://www.jmir.org/2021/7/e17398/ (Cyrchwyd: 3 Mehefin 2025).

GIG Lloegr (2022) Adnodd ôl-drafodaeth SHARE [ar-lein]. Ar gael yn: https://www.england.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/B1465-SHARE-Debrief-v1-FINAL.pdf (Cyrchwyd: 1 Gorffennaf 2025).

Health Education England (HEE) (2018) Fframwaith cenedlaethol ar gyfer Addysg sy’n seiliedig ar Efelychu (SBE), [ar-lein]. Ar gael yn: https://www.hee.nhs.uk/sites/default/files/documents/National%20framework%20for%20simulation%20based%20education.pdf (Cyrchwyd: 30 Mehefin 2025).

Health Education England (HEE) (2020) Gweledigaeth genedlaethol ar gyfer rôl technolegau efelychu a dysgu ymdrochol mewn iechyd a gofal, [ar-lein]. Ar gael yn: https://www.hee.nhs.uk/sites/default/files/documents/National%20Strategic%20Vision%20of%20Sim%20in%20Health%20and%20Care.pdf (Cyrchwyd: 30 Mehefin 2025).

Health Education England (HEE) (2022) M-Care: Realiti Cymysg ar gyfer Addysg Iechyd a Gofal Cymdeithasol, [online]. Ar gael yn: https://learninghub.nhs.uk/catalogue/m-care?nodeId=9235 (Cyrchwyd: 1 Gorffennaf 2025).

Healthcare Readers (2025) Simulation in Healthcare: A Medical Training Revolution, [ar-lein]. Ar gael yn: https://healthcarereaders.com/insights/simulation-in-healthcare (Cyrchwyd: 30 Mehefin 2025).

Health Education England (HEE) (2018) Fframwaith cenedlaethol ar gyfer Addysg sy’n seiliedig ar Efelychu (SBE), [ar-lein]. Ar gael yn: https://www.hee.nhs.uk/sites/default/files/documents/National%20framework%20for%20simulation%20based%20education.pdf (Cyrchwyd: 30 Mehefin 2025).

Health Education England (HEE) (2020) Gweledigaeth genedlaethol ar gyfer rôl technolegau efelychu a dysgu ymdrochol mewn iechyd a gofal, [ar-lein]. Ar gael yn: https://www.hee.nhs.uk/sites/default/files/documents/National%20Strategic%20Vision%20of%20Sim%20in%20Health%20and%20Care.pdf (Cyrchwyd: 30 Mehefin 2025).

Health Education England (HEE) (2022) M-Care: Realiti Cymysg ar gyfer Addysg Iechyd a Gofal Cymdeithasol, [online]. Ar gael yn: https://learninghub.nhs.uk/catalogue/m-care?nodeId=9235 (Cyrchwyd: 1 Gorffennaf 2025).

Henderson, A., Win, S., Barr, M., et al. (2020) 'The effectiveness of virtual simulation in improving student nurses' knowledge and performance during patient determination: A pre and post-test design’, ScienceDirect, [ar-lein]. Ar gael yn: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0738399119302954 (Cyrchwyd: 3 Mehefin 2025).

Heselgrave, S., Cook, L., Roberts, J., a Bilgin, A. (2021) ‘Advancing clinical reasoning in virtual patients – development and application of a conceptual framework’, PMC Journal of Medical Education, [ar-lein]. Ar gael yn: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7840205/ (Cyrchwyd: 3 Mehefin 2025).

International Nursing Association for Clinical Simulation and Learning (INACSL) (2021) Healthcare Simulation Standards of Best Practice®, [online]. Ar gael yn: https://www.inacsl.org/healthcare-simulation-standards (Cyrchwyd: 30 Mehefin 2025).

Jaye, P., Thomas, L. a Reedy, G. (2015) ‘“The Diamond”: a structure for simulation debrief’, The clinical teacher, 12(3), tt. 171–175 [ar-lein]. Ar gael yn: https://doi.org/10.1111/tct.12300 (Cyrchwyd: 1 Gorffennaf 2025).

Knight, P. et al. (2018) ‘Mitigating Latent Threats Identified through an Embedded In Situ Simulation Program and Their Comparison to Patient Safety Incidents: A Retrospective Review’, Frontiers in pediatrics, 5, tt. 281–281 [ar-lein]. Ar gael yn : https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2017.00281 (Cyrchwyd: 24 Mehefin 2025).

Kolbe, M., Grande, B. a Spahn, D.R. (2015) ‘Briefing and debriefing during simulation-based training and beyond: Content, structure, attitude and setting’, Best practice & research. Clinical anesthesiology, 29(1), pp. 87-96 [ar-lein]. Ar gael: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpa.2015.01.002 (Cyrchwyd: 1 Gorffennaf 2025).

Krishnamurthy, K., Selvaraj, N., Gupta, P., Cyriac, B., et al. (2022) ‘Benefits of gamification in medical education’, Clinical Anatomy, [ar-lein]. Ar gael: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ca.23916 (Cyrchwyd: 3 Mehefin 2025).

Kyaw Tun, J., Alinier, G., Tang, J., Kneebone, R. (2015) ‘Redefining simulation fidelity for healthcare education’, Medical Education, 49(12), tt. 1185–1197 [ar-lein]. Ar gael: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/medu.12806 (Cyrchwyd: 3 Mehefin 2025).

Lee, J., Leech, M., Jacobson, K. (2020) ‘Effective virtual patient simulators for medical communication training: A systematic review’, Medical Education, [ar-lein]. Available at: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/medu.14187 (Cyrchwyd: 3 Mehefin 2025).

Marhar, F. (2024) The best podcasts on healthcare simulation, [ar-lein. Ar gael yn: https://simzine.news/sim-in-short-en/the-best-podcasts-on-healthcare-simulation/ (Cyrchwyd: 1 Gorffennaf 2025).

Miller, J.E., Jeng, D.Y., Shearman, M.S., et al. (2020) ‘Digital simulation improves, maintains, and helps transfer health-care providers' neonatal resuscitation knowledge’, Frontiers in Pediatrics, [ar-lein]. Ar gael yn: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2020.00393/full (Cyrchwyd: 3 Mehefin 2025).

Morgenstern, J., McManus, D., Cabañas, J.G., et al. (2019) ‘Cognitive transfer of spatial awareness states from immersive virtual environments to reality’, ACM Transactions on Applied Perception, 16(3), tt. 1–15 [ar-lein]. Ar gael yn: https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3302529 (Cyrchwyd: 3 Mehefin 2025).

O’Driscoll, F. (2024) Clinical simulation an opportunity to evaluate digital health technologies [ar-lein]. Ar gael yn: https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/254575/clinical-simulation-opportunity-evaluate-digital-health/ (Cyrchwyd: 30 Mehefin 2025).

Ordu, M. et al. (2021) ‘A novel healthcare resource allocation decision support tool: A forecasting-simulation-optimization approach’, The Journal of the Operational Research Society, 72(3), tt. 485–500 [ar-lein]. Ar gael yn: https://doi.org/10.1080/01605682.2019.1700186 (Cyrchwyd: 24 Mehefin 2025).

Patel & CAE Healthcare (2020) Simulation Debrief by CAE Healthcare, Podlediad, Ar gael yn: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/simulation-debrief-by-cae-healthcare/id1508164682 (Cyrchwyd: 1 Gorffennaf 2025).

Pearse, M. (2015) The Importance of Debriefing in Learning and What That Might Look Like in the Classroom, [ar-lein]. Ar gael yn: https://corwin-connect.com/2015/11/the-importance-of-debriefing-in-learning-and-what-that-might-look-like-in-the-classroom/ (Cyrchwyd: 30 Mehefin 2025).

Plackett, R., Kassianos, A., Kambouri, M., et al. (2020) ‘Online patient simulation training to improve clinical reasoning: A feasibility randomised controlled trial’, BMC Medical Education, 20(1), 1–11 [ar-lein]. Ar gael yn: https://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12913-020-05685-3 (Cyrchwyd: 3 Mehefin 2025).

Secheresse, T., Lima, L. and Pansu, P. (2021) ‘Focusing on explicit debriefing for novice learners in healthcare simulations: A randomized prospective study’, Nurse education in practice, 51 [ar-lein]. Ar gael yn: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2020.102914 (Cyrchwyd: 1 Gorffennaf 2025).

Verkuyl, M., Betts, L., Sivaramalingam, S. (2019) ‘Nursing students’ perceptions using an interactive digital simulation table: A usability study’, Journal of Medical Internet Research, [ar-lein]. Ar gael yn: https://www.jmir.org/2019/3/e11529/ (Cyrchwyd: 3 Mehefin 2025).

THE Campus (2025) ‘How to use digital simulations to prepare students for future careers’, THE Campus, [ar-lein]. Ar gael yn: https://www.timeshighereducation.com/campus/how-use-digital-simulations-prepare-students-future-careers (Cyrchwyd: 3 Mehefin 2025).

Limitations of digital simulation

A Literature Review of Barriers and Opportunities Presented by Digitally Enhanced Practical Skill Teaching and Learning in Health Science Education (2022) Journal of Health Science Education, [ar-lein]. Ar gael yn: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10872981.2022.2068210 (Cyrchwyd: 3 Mehefin 2025).

Breaking Barriers with Simulation-Enhanced Interprofessional Education (2021) Nursing Clinics, 56(3), tt. 389-397. Ar gael yn: https://www.nursingclinics.com/article/S0029-6465(21)00010-1/fulltext (Cyrchwyd: 3 Mehefin 2025).

Lambert, K.E., Leeson, B.G., Nilsson, S.M. ac Oliver, N.G. (2025) ‘Risk assessment processes within healthcare simulation centers: A scoping review’, Teaching and Learning in Nursing, doi: 10.1016/j.teln.2025.04.023.

Potential Barriers to the Implementation of Computer-Based Simulation in Pharmacy Education: A Systematic Review (2020) Journal of Pharmacy Education, 84(2), tt. 138-145. Ar gael yn: https://www.jphied.org/doi/10.5688/ajpe7564 (Cyrchwyd: 3 Mehefin 2025).

Innovation in Medical Education: Advantages and Limitations (2021) Journal of Medical Education Innovations, [ar-lein].

Ôl-drafodaeth

‘Gamification can be a useful learning methodology for achieving all levels of Bloom’s Taxonomy’. (2021) Dyfyniad gan Learning in the Digital Era, Daryl John Powell.

‘Serious Games are practical instructional educational tools useful for people to learn Lean that allowed them to reach higher order Bloom Taxonomy levels. Lean learning is guided by practical and objective elements, often instructed by active learning methods’. (2021) Dyfyniad gan Learning in the Digital Era, Daryl John Powell.

Debriefing the Interprofessional Team in Medical Simulation (2019) Europe PMC, [ar-lein]. Ar gael yn: https://europepmc.org/article/med/29974207 (Cyrchwyd: 3 Mehefin 2025).

Debriefing Virtual Simulation Using an Online Conferencing Platform: Lessons Learned (2020) Libre PDF, [online]. Ar gael yn: [Insert link if available] (Cyrchwyd: 3 Mehefin 2025).

Effectiveness of Debriefing Methods for Virtual Simulation: A Systematic Review (2020) ScienceDirect, [ar-lein. Ar gael yn: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876139917303602 (Cyrchwyd: 3 Mehefin 2025).

Exploring Debriefing Combinations After a Virtual Simulation (2020) ScienceDirect, [ar-lein]. Ar gael yn: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876139920303701 (Cyrchwyd: 3 Mehefin 2025).

Healthcare Simulation Standards of Best PracticeTM The Debriefing Process (2016) Clinical Simulation in Nursing, 12(6), tt. 1-7. Ar gael yn: https://www.clinicalsimulation.com (Cyrchwyd: 3 Mehefin 2025).

Journal of Medical Internet Research (2020) ‘Virtual Patient Simulations in Health Professions Education: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis by the Digital Health Education Collaboration’, Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(1), e14962. Ar gael yn: https://www.jmir.org/2020/1/e14962/ (Cyrchwyd: 3 Mehefin 2025).

Systematic Review of Clinical Debriefing Tools: Attributes and Evidence for Use (2019) BMJ Quality & Safety, 28(9), tt. 811–820. Ar gael yn: https://qualitysafety.bmj.com/content/28/9/811 (Cyrchwyd: 3 Mehefin 2025).

Toews, A.J., Martin, D.E. a Chernomas, W.M. (2021) ‘Clinical debriefing: A concept analysis’, Journal of clinical nursing, 30(11–12), tt. 1491–1501. Ar gael yn: https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15636 (Cyrchwyd: 24 Mehefin 2025).

Virtual Gaming Simulation: Exploring Self-Debriefing, Virtual Debriefing, and In-person Debriefing (2018) ScienceDirect, [ar-lein]. Ar gael yn: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876139917303602 (Cyrchwyd: 3 Mehefin 2025).

Witeck, G.R., Searle, M., a Powell, D.J. (2021) ‘Bloom Taxonomy, Serious Games and Lean Learning: What Do These Topics Have in Common?’, in Learning in the Digital Era, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing AG, tt. 308–316. Ar gael yn: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92934-3_31 (Cyrchwyd: 3 Mehefin 2025).

Langan, L. et al. (2025) ‘Inclusive pedagogy in online simulation‐based learning in undergraduate nursing education: A scoping review', Journal of advanced nursing, 81(2), tt. 591-606. Ar gael yn: https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.16284 (Cyrchwyd: 3 Mehefin 2025).

Fischer, F. et al. (2022) ‘Representational scaffolding in digital simulations – learning professional practices in higher education’, Information and learning science, 123(11/12), tt. 645–665. Ar gael yn: https://doi.org/10.1108/ILS-06-2022-0076 (Cyrchwyd: 3 Mehefin 2025).

OpenLearn - Cyflwyniad i efelychu digidol ym maes gofal iechyd
Except for third party materials and otherwise, this content is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 Licence, full copyright detail can be found in the acknowledgements section. Please see full copyright statement for details.