Long description

Figure 14 comprises four black and white photographs of an elephant interacting with one or more humans; each photograph depicts a scene from the studies described by Nissani (2004). In (a) the elephant faces a human, standing on the other side of a fence, with its trunk pointing towards the human in a ‘begging‘ pose. In (b) the elephant points its trunk towards a human, standing on the other side of a fence, who is facing it with both hands outstretched. In (c) the elephant points its trunk between two humans, on the other side of a fence, one of whom is facing toward the elephant and the other facing away. In (d) the elephant points its trunk towards a human, on the other side of a fence, who is lying on the ground facing away from the elephant; another human is lying nearby facing towards the elephant.