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Discovering Ancient Greek and Latin
Discovering Ancient Greek and Latin

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5.6 Declensions summary

We are now in a position to summarise the case endings for puella and populus. Table 12 below includes plural endings as well as singular.

Table 12 First declension nouns
Case 1st declension, puella 2nd declension, populus
singular puella populus
nominative puella populus
accusative puellam populum
genitive puellae populī
dative puellae populō
ablative puellā populō
plural
nominative puellae populī
accusative puellās populōs
genitive puellārum populōrum
dative puellīs populīs
ablative puellīs populīs

Latin also has a ‘vocative’ case, used for direct address, e.g ō puella, ‘girl!’, … . The ending is routinely the same as the nominative, the notable exception being 2nd declension singular nouns, where -us usually becomes -e, as in the dying words of Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar: et tu, Brūte? (‘You too, Brutus?’).