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    <title>RSS feed for Cànan nan Gàidheal</title>
    <link>https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-0</link>
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    <language>en-gb</language><lastBuildDate>Mon, 05 Nov 2018 12:30:29 +0000</lastBuildDate><pubDate>Mon, 05 Nov 2018 12:30:29 +0000</pubDate><dc:date>2018-11-05T12:30:29+00:00</dc:date><dc:publisher>The Open University</dc:publisher><dc:language>en-gb</dc:language><dc:rights>Copyright © 2016 The Open University</dc:rights><cc:license>Copyright © 2016 The Open University</cc:license><item>
      <title>Ro-r&amp;#xE0;dh</title>
      <link>https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-0</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;’S e d&amp;#xF9;thaich ioma-ch&amp;#xE0;nanach a tha ann an Alba an-diugh. Tha a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig, Albais agus Beurla, c&amp;#xF2;mhla ri c&amp;#xE0;nain E&amp;#xF2;rpach agus eile a tha nise san d&amp;#xF9;thaich, uile a’ toirt buaidh air mar a tha sluagh Alba a’ bruidhinn ri ch&amp;#xE8;ile agus ris a’ ch&amp;#xF2;rr dhen t-saoghal.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chaidh an t-aonad seo - a tha ri fhaotainn an G&amp;#xE0;idhlig agus am Beurla - a chruthachadh le misneachadh bho Bh&amp;#xF2;rd na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig agus le taic bhon a’ BhBC. Tha e na ghoireas do dhuine sam bith aig a bheil &amp;#xF9;idh phearsanta no phroifeiseanta ann a bhith a’ cur ris an e&amp;#xF2;las agus an tuigse a tha aca air eachdraidh agus buaidh na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig agus cultar nan G&amp;#xE0;idheal air Alba.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Is mathaid gum bi p&amp;#xE0;irt dheth na iongnadh, p&amp;#xE0;irt na dh&amp;#xF9;bhlan. Tha beachdan agus ceangalan ann a thre&amp;#xF2;raicheas neach gu tuilleadh fiosrachaidh. Do chuid, ’s d&amp;#xF2;cha gum bi seo na thoiseach t&amp;#xF2;iseachaidh air c&amp;#xE0;nan a tha bunaiteach a thaobh dearbh-aithne n&amp;#xE0;iseanta na h-Alba ionnsachadh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha seachd earrainnean san aonad, agus faodar d&amp;#xE8;iligeadh riutha mar a tha iad a’ tighinn no an &amp;#xF2;rdugh sam bith. Tha an t-aonad seo cuideachd ri fhaotainn air &amp;#xE0;rainn OpenLearn Works, far am faod sibh a luchdachadh a-nuas, ur dreach fh&amp;#xE8;in a chur air na stuthan agus an cleachdadh airson teagasg no a chum leasachadh a thoirt air e&amp;#xF2;las luchd-obrach.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h3 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Cl&amp;#xE0;r-innse&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol class="oucontent-numbered"&gt;&lt;li&gt;A’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig mar ch&amp;#xE0;nan n&amp;#xE0;iseanta ann an Alba&lt;ul class="oucontent-unnumbered"&gt;&lt;li&gt;Seo far an ionnsaich thu mun &amp;#xE0;ite a tha aig a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig ri taobh Albais agus Beurla mar aon de ch&amp;#xE0;nain n&amp;#xE0;iseanta na h-Alba. Mar eisimpleir, le rannsachadh a dh&amp;#xE8;anamh air ainmean-&amp;#xE0;ite dh’ionnsaichidh tu mun bhuaidh a tha aig a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig thairis air Alba cha mh&amp;#xF2;r air fad.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Bun-t&amp;#xF9;san Ceilteach agus sgaoileadh eadar-n&amp;#xE0;iseanta&lt;ul class="oucontent-unnumbered"&gt;&lt;li&gt;Bheir an earrainn seo dhut tuigse air bun-t&amp;#xF9;san na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig mar ch&amp;#xE0;nan Ceilteach le dl&amp;#xF9;th ch&amp;#xE0;irdeas ri G&amp;#xE0;idhlig na h-&amp;#xC8;ireann agus G&amp;#xE0;idhlig Eilean Mhanainn. Cluinnidh tu agus ch&amp;#xEC; thu mar a thug eilthirich a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig gu ruige Ameireaga a Tuath agus mar a tha daoine air feadh an t-saoghail a-nise ag ionnsachadh G&amp;#xE0;idhlig.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;A’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig san latha an-diugh&lt;ul class="oucontent-unnumbered"&gt;&lt;li&gt;Bheir an earrainn seo dhut dealbh air c&amp;#xF2; a tha a’ bruidhinn G&amp;#xE0;idhlig an-diugh. Cuidichidh e thu gus tuigse fhaighinn air na h-adhbharan a chr&amp;#xEC;on &amp;#xE0;ireamhan luchd-labhairt na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig an Alba agus an obair a tha an Riaghaltas, ionadan foghlam agus buidhnean neo-eisimeileach a’ d&amp;#xE8;anamh gus taic a thoirt dhan ch&amp;#xE0;nan agus f&amp;#xE0;s a thoirt air &amp;#xE0;ireamhan luchd-labhairt.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;A’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig – feallsanachd&lt;ul class="oucontent-unnumbered"&gt;&lt;li&gt;Tha an earrainn seo ag iarraidh ort beachdachadh air an luach a tha aig d&amp;#xE0;-ch&amp;#xE0;nanas agus ioma-c&amp;#xE0;nanas do dhaoine fa leth agus don chomann-s&amp;#xF2;isealta. Tha Sealan Nuadh na dheagh eisimpleir air mar a tha d&amp;#xF9;thchannan eile a’ str&amp;#xEC; gus d&amp;#xEC;on a chur air am mion-ch&amp;#xE0;nain agus gu bhith subhach mu na tha iad a’ cur ri beatha na d&amp;#xF9;thcha.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Mar a tha a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig ag obair&lt;ul class="oucontent-unnumbered"&gt;&lt;li&gt;Cluinn mar a tha a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig air a fuaimneachadh agus faigh blasad air litreachadh agus grammar.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Cultar nan G&amp;#xE0;idheal: maoin n&amp;#xE0;iseanta&lt;ul class="oucontent-unnumbered"&gt;&lt;li&gt;Dealbhan, dealbhan be&amp;#xF2; agus m&amp;#xF2;ran cheangalan gus do chuideachadh a’ tuigsinn mar a tha a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig agus cultar nan G&amp;#xE0;idheal a’ cur ri beatha na h-Alba a thaobh litreachas, ealain, ce&amp;#xF2;l, dannsa agus sp&amp;#xF2;rs is cur-seachadan.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Ceistean Cumanta&lt;ul class="oucontent-unnumbered"&gt;&lt;li&gt;Liosta de cheistean cumanta mun Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig a bhios feumail do dhaoine a dh’fheumas freagairtean ann an cabhaig mu f&amp;#xEC;rinn agus figearan a thaobh na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Find out more about studying with The Open University by&amp;#xA0;&lt;span class="oucontent-linkwithtip"&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.open.ac.uk/courses?utm_source=openlearn&amp;amp;utm_campaign=ou&amp;amp;utm_medium=ebook"&gt;visiting our online prospectus&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-0</guid>
    <dc:title>Ro-ràdh</dc:title><dc:identifier>Gaidhlig_1</dc:identifier><dc:description>&lt;p&gt;’S e dùthaich ioma-chànanach a tha ann an Alba an-diugh. Tha a’ Ghàidhlig, Albais agus Beurla, còmhla ri cànain Eòrpach agus eile a tha nise san dùthaich, uile a’ toirt buaidh air mar a tha sluagh Alba a’ bruidhinn ri chèile agus ris a’ chòrr dhen t-saoghal.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chaidh an t-aonad seo - a tha ri fhaotainn an Gàidhlig agus am Beurla - a chruthachadh le misneachadh bho Bhòrd na Gàidhlig agus le taic bhon a’ BhBC. Tha e na ghoireas do dhuine sam bith aig a bheil ùidh phearsanta no phroifeiseanta ann a bhith a’ cur ris an eòlas agus an tuigse a tha aca air eachdraidh agus buaidh na Gàidhlig agus cultar nan Gàidheal air Alba.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Is mathaid gum bi pàirt dheth na iongnadh, pàirt na dhùbhlan. Tha beachdan agus ceangalan ann a threòraicheas neach gu tuilleadh fiosrachaidh. Do chuid, ’s dòcha gum bi seo na thoiseach tòiseachaidh air cànan a tha bunaiteach a thaobh dearbh-aithne nàiseanta na h-Alba ionnsachadh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha seachd earrainnean san aonad, agus faodar dèiligeadh riutha mar a tha iad a’ tighinn no an òrdugh sam bith. Tha an t-aonad seo cuideachd ri fhaotainn air àrainn OpenLearn Works, far am faod sibh a luchdachadh a-nuas, ur dreach fhèin a chur air na stuthan agus an cleachdadh airson teagasg no a chum leasachadh a thoirt air eòlas luchd-obrach.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h3 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Clàr-innse&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol class="oucontent-numbered"&gt;&lt;li&gt;A’ Ghàidhlig mar chànan nàiseanta ann an Alba&lt;ul class="oucontent-unnumbered"&gt;&lt;li&gt;Seo far an ionnsaich thu mun àite a tha aig a’ Ghàidhlig ri taobh Albais agus Beurla mar aon de chànain nàiseanta na h-Alba. Mar eisimpleir, le rannsachadh a dhèanamh air ainmean-àite dh’ionnsaichidh tu mun bhuaidh a tha aig a’ Ghàidhlig thairis air Alba cha mhòr air fad.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Bun-tùsan Ceilteach agus sgaoileadh eadar-nàiseanta&lt;ul class="oucontent-unnumbered"&gt;&lt;li&gt;Bheir an earrainn seo dhut tuigse air bun-tùsan na Gàidhlig mar chànan Ceilteach le dlùth chàirdeas ri Gàidhlig na h-Èireann agus Gàidhlig Eilean Mhanainn. Cluinnidh tu agus chì thu mar a thug eilthirich a’ Ghàidhlig gu ruige Ameireaga a Tuath agus mar a tha daoine air feadh an t-saoghail a-nise ag ionnsachadh Gàidhlig.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;A’ Ghàidhlig san latha an-diugh&lt;ul class="oucontent-unnumbered"&gt;&lt;li&gt;Bheir an earrainn seo dhut dealbh air cò a tha a’ bruidhinn Gàidhlig an-diugh. Cuidichidh e thu gus tuigse fhaighinn air na h-adhbharan a chrìon àireamhan luchd-labhairt na Gàidhlig an Alba agus an obair a tha an Riaghaltas, ionadan foghlam agus buidhnean neo-eisimeileach a’ dèanamh gus taic a thoirt dhan chànan agus fàs a thoirt air àireamhan luchd-labhairt.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;A’ Ghàidhlig – feallsanachd&lt;ul class="oucontent-unnumbered"&gt;&lt;li&gt;Tha an earrainn seo ag iarraidh ort beachdachadh air an luach a tha aig dà-chànanas agus ioma-cànanas do dhaoine fa leth agus don chomann-sòisealta. Tha Sealan Nuadh na dheagh eisimpleir air mar a tha dùthchannan eile a’ strì gus dìon a chur air am mion-chànain agus gu bhith subhach mu na tha iad a’ cur ri beatha na dùthcha.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Mar a tha a’ Ghàidhlig ag obair&lt;ul class="oucontent-unnumbered"&gt;&lt;li&gt;Cluinn mar a tha a’ Ghàidhlig air a fuaimneachadh agus faigh blasad air litreachadh agus grammar.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Cultar nan Gàidheal: maoin nàiseanta&lt;ul class="oucontent-unnumbered"&gt;&lt;li&gt;Dealbhan, dealbhan beò agus mòran cheangalan gus do chuideachadh a’ tuigsinn mar a tha a’ Ghàidhlig agus cultar nan Gàidheal a’ cur ri beatha na h-Alba a thaobh litreachas, ealain, ceòl, dannsa agus spòrs is cur-seachadan.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Ceistean Cumanta&lt;ul class="oucontent-unnumbered"&gt;&lt;li&gt;Liosta de cheistean cumanta mun Ghàidhlig a bhios feumail do dhaoine a dh’fheumas freagairtean ann an cabhaig mu fìrinn agus figearan a thaobh na Gàidhlig.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Find out more about studying with The Open University by &lt;span class="oucontent-linkwithtip"&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.open.ac.uk/courses?utm_source=openlearn&amp;utm_campaign=ou&amp;utm_medium=ebook"&gt;visiting our online prospectus&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</dc:description><dc:publisher>The Open University</dc:publisher><dc:creator>The Open University</dc:creator><dc:type>Course</dc:type><dc:format>text/html</dc:format><dc:language>en-GB</dc:language><dc:source>Cànan nan Gàidheal - Gaidhlig_1</dc:source><cc:license>Copyright © 2016 The Open University</cc:license></item>
    <item>
      <title>Learning outcomes</title>
      <link>https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section---learningoutcomes</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;Ma chuireas tu cr&amp;#xEC;och air an aonad seo bu ch&amp;#xF2;ir gum biodh tu fiosrachail agus e&amp;#xF2;lach a thaobh:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;an t-&amp;#xE0;ite a tha aig a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig ri taobh Albais agus Beurla mar aon de ch&amp;#xE0;nain n&amp;#xE0;iseanta na h-Alba&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;bun-t&amp;#xF9;san na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig mar ch&amp;#xE0;nan Ceilteach le dl&amp;#xF9;th ch&amp;#xE0;irdeas ri G&amp;#xE0;idhlig na h-&amp;#xC8;ireann agus G&amp;#xE0;idhlig Eilean Mhanainn agus sgapadh nan G&amp;#xE0;idheal&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;c&amp;#xF2; a tha a’ bruidhinn G&amp;#xE0;idhlig an-diugh, mar a chr&amp;#xEC;on &amp;#xE0;ireamhan luchd-labhairt na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig an Alba agus an obair a tha an Riaghaltas, ionadan foghlam agus buidhnean neo-eisimeileach a’ d&amp;#xE8;anamh gus taic a thoirt dhan ch&amp;#xE0;nan agus f&amp;#xE0;s a thoirt air &amp;#xE0;ireamhan luchd-labhairt&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;mar a tha a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig agus cultar nan G&amp;#xE0;idheal a’ cur ri beatha na h-Alba a thaobh litreachas, ealain, ce&amp;#xF2;l, dannsa agus sp&amp;#xF2;rs is cur-seachadan&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;ceistean cumanta mun Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;</description>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section---learningoutcomes</guid>
    <dc:title>Learning outcomes</dc:title><dc:identifier>Gaidhlig_1</dc:identifier><dc:description>&lt;p&gt;Ma chuireas tu crìoch air an aonad seo bu chòir gum biodh tu fiosrachail agus eòlach a thaobh:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;an t-àite a tha aig a’ Ghàidhlig ri taobh Albais agus Beurla mar aon de chànain nàiseanta na h-Alba&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;bun-tùsan na Gàidhlig mar chànan Ceilteach le dlùth chàirdeas ri Gàidhlig na h-Èireann agus Gàidhlig Eilean Mhanainn agus sgapadh nan Gàidheal&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;cò a tha a’ bruidhinn Gàidhlig an-diugh, mar a chrìon àireamhan luchd-labhairt na Gàidhlig an Alba agus an obair a tha an Riaghaltas, ionadan foghlam agus buidhnean neo-eisimeileach a’ dèanamh gus taic a thoirt dhan chànan agus fàs a thoirt air àireamhan luchd-labhairt&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;mar a tha a’ Ghàidhlig agus cultar nan Gàidheal a’ cur ri beatha na h-Alba a thaobh litreachas, ealain, ceòl, dannsa agus spòrs is cur-seachadan&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;ceistean cumanta mun Ghàidhlig.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;</dc:description><dc:publisher>The Open University</dc:publisher><dc:creator>The Open University</dc:creator><dc:type>Course</dc:type><dc:format>text/html</dc:format><dc:language>en-GB</dc:language><dc:source>Cànan nan Gàidheal - Gaidhlig_1</dc:source><cc:license>Copyright © 2016 The Open University</cc:license></item>
    <item>
      <title>1.1 Ro-r&amp;#xE0;dh</title>
      <link>https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-1.1</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;Tha iomadh c&amp;#xE0;nan air a bruidhinn ann an Alba agus bha riamh. Anns an d&amp;#xF2;igh sin, tha i coltach ris a’ chuid as motha de dh&amp;#xF9;thchannan air feadh an t-saoghail. Ann am beachd mh&amp;#xF2;ran, buinidh a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig don Gh&amp;#xE0;idhealtachd agus na h-eileanan air an taobh an iar, ach chan eil an sgaradh eadar G&amp;#xE0;idhealtachd is Galltachd a’ riochdachadh gu coileanta eachdraidh fhada ioma-fhillte na d&amp;#xF9;thcha.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gu dearbh, de na c&amp;#xE0;nanan Albannach a chaidh a chl&amp;#xE0;radh, ’s e a’ Bheurla Shasannach a-mh&amp;#xE0;in a sgaoil na b’ fharsainge na a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig ann an Alba. ’S iad na h-aon roinnean riaghlaidh anns an latha an-diugh aig nach eil dualchas G&amp;#xE0;idhlig an &amp;#xEC;re mhath m&amp;#xF2;r Na h-Eileanan mu Thuath – Arcaibh is Sealtainn. Bha na h-eileanan sin taobh a-muigh Alba (agus &amp;#x2018;A’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhealtachd’ a dh’&amp;#xE8;irich innte) nuair a bha na G&amp;#xE0;idheil a’ smachdachadh na r&amp;#xEC;oghachd, agus tha muinntir Arcaibh is Shealtainn d&amp;#xEC;leas don dualchas Lochlannach aca. Anns an aonad seo, bheir sinn s&amp;#xF9;il air a’ cheangal eadar a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig agus Alba, an d&amp;#xE0; chuid a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhealtachd agus a’ Ghalltachd.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-1.1</guid>
    <dc:title>1.1 Ro-ràdh</dc:title><dc:identifier>Gaidhlig_1</dc:identifier><dc:description>&lt;p&gt;Tha iomadh cànan air a bruidhinn ann an Alba agus bha riamh. Anns an dòigh sin, tha i coltach ris a’ chuid as motha de dhùthchannan air feadh an t-saoghail. Ann am beachd mhòran, buinidh a’ Ghàidhlig don Ghàidhealtachd agus na h-eileanan air an taobh an iar, ach chan eil an sgaradh eadar Gàidhealtachd is Galltachd a’ riochdachadh gu coileanta eachdraidh fhada ioma-fhillte na dùthcha.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gu dearbh, de na cànanan Albannach a chaidh a chlàradh, ’s e a’ Bheurla Shasannach a-mhàin a sgaoil na b’ fharsainge na a’ Ghàidhlig ann an Alba. ’S iad na h-aon roinnean riaghlaidh anns an latha an-diugh aig nach eil dualchas Gàidhlig an ìre mhath mòr Na h-Eileanan mu Thuath – Arcaibh is Sealtainn. Bha na h-eileanan sin taobh a-muigh Alba (agus ‘A’ Ghàidhealtachd’ a dh’èirich innte) nuair a bha na Gàidheil a’ smachdachadh na rìoghachd, agus tha muinntir Arcaibh is Shealtainn dìleas don dualchas Lochlannach aca. Anns an aonad seo, bheir sinn sùil air a’ cheangal eadar a’ Ghàidhlig agus Alba, an dà chuid a’ Ghàidhealtachd agus a’ Ghalltachd.&lt;/p&gt;</dc:description><dc:publisher>The Open University</dc:publisher><dc:creator>The Open University</dc:creator><dc:type>Course</dc:type><dc:format>text/html</dc:format><dc:language>en-GB</dc:language><dc:source>Cànan nan Gàidheal - Gaidhlig_1</dc:source><cc:license>Copyright © 2016 The Open University</cc:license></item>
    <item>
      <title>1.2 Eachdraidh</title>
      <link>https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-1.2</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;Tr&amp;#xE0;th sa chiad mh&amp;#xEC;le bliadhna AC, ’s iad c&amp;#xE0;nanan Ceilteach a bu mhotha a bh’ air am bruidhinn ann am Breatainn is &amp;#xC8;irinn. Ann am Breatainn, bha luchd-labhairt c&amp;#xE0;nan P-Ceilteach anns a’ mh&amp;#xF2;r-chuid; dh’&amp;#xE8;irich Cuimris, C&amp;#xF2;rnais is Breatannais &amp;#xE0;s a’ ch&amp;#xE0;nan sin. Ann an &amp;#xC8;irinn, bha teanga Q-Ceilteach aig a’ mh&amp;#xF2;r-chuid – an c&amp;#xE0;nan m&amp;#xE0;thaireil aig G&amp;#xE0;idhlig na h-Alba, G&amp;#xE0;idhlig na h-&amp;#xC8;ireann is G&amp;#xE0;idhlig Eilean Mhanainn. Thathar a’ smaoineachadh gun tug imrichean &amp;#xE0; &amp;#xC8;irinn Q-Ceiltis gu p&amp;#xE0;irtean dhen Chuimrigh, a’ Ch&amp;#xF2;rn, Eilean Mhanainn agus taobh an iar na h-Alba, ach ’s ann an Alba is Eilean Mhanainn a-mh&amp;#xE0;in a mhair i be&amp;#xF2; anns an &amp;#xF9;ine fhada.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chan eil a h-uile e&amp;#xF2;laiche-eachdraidh a’ gabhail ris a’ bheachd gun do dh’&amp;#xE8;irich G&amp;#xE0;idheil na h-Alba &amp;#xE0; in-imrich de dh’ &amp;#xC8;ireannaich gu ruige Alba tr&amp;#xE0;th sa chiad mh&amp;#xEC;le bliadhna AC. Tha gu le&amp;#xF2;r dhen fhianais airson sin a’ tighinn bho sheann l&amp;#xE0;mh-sgr&amp;#xEC;obhainnean leithid Senchus Fer nAlba (Seanchas Fir Alba) agus Eachdraidhean Thigearnaich, ach chaidh na lethbhreacan a th’ againn de na sgr&amp;#xEC;obhaidhean sin a dh&amp;#xE8;anamh ceudan bhliadhnaichean &amp;#xE0;s d&amp;#xE8;idh nan tachartasan air a bheil iad ag aithris agus chan urrainn a bhith cinnteach nach deach an atharrachadh air sg&amp;#xE0;th adhbharan poilitigeach. Tha cuid de luchd-eachdraidh ag r&amp;#xE0;dh nach urrainn a bhith cinnteach nach eil na sgeulachdan mu th&amp;#xF9;s &amp;#xC8;ireannach aig G&amp;#xE0;idhlig na h-Alba a’ cur am falach eachdraidh nas fhaide a tha a’ toirt nan G&amp;#xE0;idheal nas fhaide air ais na sin ann an Alba, ’s d&amp;#xF2;cha gu Linn an Iarainn (timcheall 700 RC gu 500 AC).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Anns na l&amp;#xE0;ithean ro chruthachadh einnseanan st&amp;#xE8;idhichte air connadh, ’s ann aig muir, seach air t&amp;#xEC;r, a bhiodh daoine a’ siubhal agus a’ gluasad am bathair. Leis cho faisg ’s a tha cladaichean ceann an ear-thuath na h-&amp;#xC8;ireann agus taobh an iar na h-Alba, bha e n&amp;#xE0;darrach gum biodh daoine anns gach d&amp;#xF9;thaich ann an dl&amp;#xF9;th-chonaltradh le ch&amp;#xE8;ile. Timcheall 500 AC bha r&amp;#xEC;oghachd bheag Dh&amp;#xE0;il Riata air a dhol an leud &amp;#xE0; Ulaidh, gus cuibhreann mh&amp;#xF2;r de thaobh an iar na h-Alba a ch&amp;#xF2;mhdachadh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bha luchd-sgr&amp;#xEC;obhaidh Laidinn a’ gabhail Scotti air an fheadhainn a bha a’ fuireach anns an d&amp;#xF9;thaich sin; ’s e G&amp;#xE0;idhlig a bh’ aca mar ch&amp;#xE0;nan. Ann an Alba bha am fearann aca aig a’ cheann thall a’ dol bho Mhaol Chinn T&amp;#xEC;re anns a’ cheann a deas gu ruige Loch Bhraoin anns a’ cheann a tuath. ’S e Airer Go&amp;#xED;del (oirthir Gh&amp;#xE0;idheal) an t-ainm a bh’ air – Earra-Gh&amp;#xE0;idheal anns an latha an-diugh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:512px;"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/3e40455a/rioghachd_eilean_footprint.jpg" alt="" width="512" height="288" style="max-width:512px;" class="oucontent-figure-image oucontent-media-wide"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 1 Bha an l&amp;#xE0;rach-coise anns a’ chreig aig mullach D&amp;#xF9;n Ad ann an Earra-Gh&amp;#xE0;idheal air a chleachdadh nuair a bhathas a’ coisrigeadh r&amp;#xEC;ghrean G&amp;#xE0;idhealach Dh&amp;#xE0;il Riata. Fad bhliadhnaichean bhathas an d&amp;#xF9;il gur e c&amp;#xE0;nan nan Cruithneach a bha anns an t-snaigheadh Ogham a bha faisg air l&amp;#xE0;imh ach ’s e G&amp;#xE0;idhlig a tha ann.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Thachair na G&amp;#xE0;idheil ri sl&amp;#xF2;igh eile mar a thug iad buaidh air ce&amp;#xE0;rnaidhean eile de dh’Alba. Anns a’ cheann a tuath, ’s iad na Cruithnich aig an robh cumhachd; thathar a’ smaoineachadh gur e c&amp;#xE0;nan P-Ceilteach a bh’ aig a’ mh&amp;#xF2;r-chuid acasan. Thairis air a’ cheann a deas, bha na Cuimrich no Breatannaich, aig an robh c&amp;#xE0;nan P-C&amp;#xE8;ilteach cuideachd, agus anns an earra-dheas bha na h-Anglianaich, feadhainn aig an robh teanga Gearmailteach a bha na sinnsear do dh’Albais agus don Bheurla Shasannaich. Airson timcheall air 600 bliadhna, chaidh a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig am meud agus an leud, a’ gabhail thairis bho ch&amp;#xE0;nanan eile, ach a-mh&amp;#xE0;in anns an fh&amp;#xEC;or cheann a tuath agus san iar-thuath, far an robh Seann Lochlannais ga lagachadh bhon 9mh linn a-mach.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bha eaglais Chaluim Chille (521-97) cudromach ann an leudachadh na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig. &amp;#xC0; manachainn Eilean &amp;#xCC;, a chaidh a st&amp;#xE8;idheachadh le Calum Cille ann an 563, chaidh manachainnean beaga a chur air d&amp;#xF2;igh ann am m&amp;#xF2;ran &amp;#xE0;iteachan. Thug miseanaraidhean G&amp;#xE0;idhealach is Cruithneach an soisgeul thairis air an d&amp;#xF9;thaich, agus tha e coltach gun robhar a’ cleachdadh na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig (a bharrachd air Laideann) barrachd is barrachd.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mar eisimpleir, tha na notaichean ann an Leabhar Dheir, a rinneadh ann am manachainn Dheir ann an t&amp;#xEC;r &amp;#xEC;osal Siorrachd Obar Dheathain anns an 12mh linn, agus a tha a’ cumail a-mach gun deach a’ mhanachainn a chur air chois gu d&amp;#xEC;reach &amp;#xE0; Eilean &amp;#xCC;, air an sgr&amp;#xEC;obhadh ann an G&amp;#xE0;idhlig.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure oucontent-media-mini"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/8a0596ce/gaelic_1_fig001.jpg" alt="" width="286" height="400" style="max-width:286px;" class="oucontent-figure-image"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 2 Eisimpleir de na notaichean sgr&amp;#xEC;obhte an G&amp;#xE0;idhlig san 12mh linn air oir duilleig ann an Leabhar Dheir. &lt;a class="oucontent-crossref" href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-6.1#a0d8244f-fbf9-4904-a1e2-be39541bb110"&gt;Cliog&lt;/a&gt; an seo airson faicinn c&amp;#xE0;ite a bheil Deir an Siorrachd Obar Dheathain &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ged a chanadh cuid gu bheil e iomallach an-diugh bha Eilean &amp;#xCC; ri linn Chaluim Cille aig teis mheadhan slighe mara a bha ceangal choimhearsnachdan fad oirthir an iar Alba agus ceann a tuath &amp;#xC8;irinn. &amp;#xC0;ite a bh’ ann aig an robh buaidh mhaireannach agus aig an robh l&amp;#xE0;mh chudromach ann a bhith tionndadh nan Cruithneach agus an sluagh a bha ann an Northumbria chun a’ chreideimh Chr&amp;#xEC;osdail.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ann an G&amp;#xE0;idhlig ’s e Eilean &amp;#xCC; no &amp;#xCC; Chaluim Cille a bha air, a’ toirt dhuinn Icolmkill, an t-ainm Beurla a bha air fad linntean. Tha an t-ainm nuadh Iona a’ tighinn bho dhroch l&amp;#xE0;mh-sgr&amp;#xEC;obhaidh dhen Laideann Ioua (Insula).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha an dealbh bhidio gu h-&amp;#xEC;osal a’ sealltainn cho cudromach agus a bha na h-Eileanan Siar air an t-slighe mhara seo.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div id="idm469200" class="oucontent-media oucontent-audio-video oucontent-unstableid" style="width:400px;"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-default-filter "&gt;&lt;span class="oumediafilter"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/2ff848f2/rioghachd1_1.mp4?forcedownload=1" class="oumedialinknoscript omp-spacer"&gt;Download this video clip.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="accesshide"&gt;Video player: Na h-Eileanan Siar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="#" class="omp-enter-media omp-accesshide" tabindex="-1"&gt;
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&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-media-download"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/2ff848f2/rioghachd1_1.mp4?forcedownload=1" title="Download this video clip"&gt;Download&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-source-reference"&gt;Le cead &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/"&gt;BBC&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Na h-Eileanan Siar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-interaction-print"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-interaction-unavailable"&gt;Interactive feature not available in single page view (&lt;a class="oucontent-crossref" href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-1.2#idm469200"&gt;see it in standard view&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Thathas dhen bheachd gun deach an leabhar a tha ainmeil air feadh an t-saoghail, Leabhar Cheanannais (an-diugh ann an Colaiste na Trianaid am Baile Ath Cliath ), a th&amp;#xF2;iseachadh agus ’s d&amp;#xF2;cha fi&amp;#xF9; ’s a chr&amp;#xEC;ochnachadh ann an Eilean &amp;#xCC; tron ochdamh linn mus deach a thoirt a dh’&amp;#xC8;irinn airson a chumail t&amp;#xE8;arainte nuair a bha na Lochlannaich a’ toirt ionnsaighean air na h-Eileanan Siar anmoch san ochdamh linn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure oucontent-media-mini"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/c6f18317/gaelic_1_kells.jpg" alt="" width="304" height="424" style="max-width:304px;" class="oucontent-figure-image"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-source-reference"&gt;Dsmdgold/Wikipedia&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 3 Duilleag &amp;#xE0; Leabhar Cheanannais&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chan eil fianais l&amp;#xE0;idir ann gun do smachdaich na G&amp;#xE0;idheil na Cruithnich le armachd no gun deach na Cruithnich fhuadachadh. Timcheall 841 ghabh Coinneach mac Ailpein thairis cr&amp;#xF9;n Dh&amp;#xE0;il Riata agus, d&amp;#xE0; bhliadhna &amp;#xE0;s d&amp;#xE8;idh sin, dh’aonaich e na Cruithnich agus G&amp;#xE0;idheil fo a cheannas-san. Mar ch&amp;#xE0;nan an riaghaltais, agus m&amp;#xF2;r-inbhe aice, ghabh a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig smachd gu n&amp;#xE0;iseanta, agus dh’fhalbh Cruithnis &amp;#xE0; fianais. ’S e Alba a bh’ air an r&amp;#xEC;oghachd mar ainm (mar a tha a-nise); bha an t-ainm air a bhith a’ riochdachadh Breatainn air fad anns an linn ro na h-Anglo-Sasannaich.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Thathar a’ lorg Scotland air a chleachdadh le muinntir na Beurla airson a’ chiad turais anns an 11mh linn; thathar dhen bheachd gun robh a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig air a bruidhinn le m&amp;#xF2;r-chuid dhen t-sluagh mun &amp;#xE0;m sin agus gum b’ i an teanga a bu chli&amp;#xF9;itiche san r&amp;#xEC;oghachd.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S ann ann an d&amp;#xF2;igh-sgr&amp;#xEC;obhadh air cloich ris an canar Ogham a tha an sgr&amp;#xEC;obhadh as sine ann an G&amp;#xE0;idhlig. Anns an 6mh linn AC, ge-t&amp;#xE0;, bha manaich ann an se&amp;#xF2;mraichean-sgr&amp;#xEC;obhaidh mhanachainnean a’ t&amp;#xF2;iseachadh air aibidil c&amp;#xE0;nan na h-Eaglais – Laideann – a chleachdadh airson an c&amp;#xE0;nan fh&amp;#xE8;in a chur ann an cl&amp;#xF2;. Tha an aon aibidil (gu &amp;#xEC;re mh&amp;#xF2;r) air a bhith aig a’ Bheurla agus G&amp;#xE0;idhlig airson &amp;#xF9;ine mh&amp;#xF2;r mh&amp;#xF2;r ach b’ fheudar na litrichean Laidinn a chleachdadh airson fuaimean a riochdachadh nach robh buileach co-ionann anns gach c&amp;#xE0;nan.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bidh leughadairean aig nach eil ach a’ Bheurla Shasannach ag ionnsachadh gu luath nach eil na &amp;#x2018;riaghailtean’ a tha a’ d&amp;#xE8;anamh ceangal eadar litrichean is buidhnean litrichean (agus a tha gu math neo-riaghailteach ann am Beurla) ag obair anns an aon d&amp;#xF2;igh ann an G&amp;#xE0;idhlig. Tha riaghailtean eadar-dhealaichte aig gach c&amp;#xE0;nan. Mar eisimpleir, tha &amp;#x2018;b’ ann am meadhan facail nas coltaiche ri &amp;#x2018;p’ ann am Beurla. Agus tha rud s&amp;#xF2;nraichte ann an G&amp;#xE0;idhlig, nach eil ri lorg gu m&amp;#xF2;r ann am Beurla – an fhuaimreag thaiceil no Svarabhakti (tha an teirm a’ tighinn bho Shansgrait). Is e seo fuaimreag nach eil sgr&amp;#xEC;obhte ach a tha a’ d&amp;#xE8;anamh ath-aithris (gu &amp;#xEC;re mh&amp;#xF2;r) air an fhuaimreig a bh’ ann roimhpe. Tha am facal &amp;#x2018;Alba’ fh&amp;#xE8;in na dheagh eisimpleir.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ghabh a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig thairis bhon Chuimris anns a’ chuid mh&amp;#xF2;ir de cheann a deas na h-Alba, a’ gabhail a-steach seann r&amp;#xEC;oghachd Shrath Chluaidh, aig deireadh nam meadhan-aoisean. Thathar a’ smaoineachadh, &amp;#xE0;s d&amp;#xE8;idh do dh’arm na h-Alba a’ ch&amp;#xF9;is a dh&amp;#xE8;anamh air na Northumbrianaich aig &lt;a class="oucontent-crossref" href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-8"&gt;Bl&amp;#xE0;r Charham&lt;sup&gt; 1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt; (anns na Cr&amp;#xEC;ochan) ann an 1018, gun do chuireadh stad air na h-Anglianaich bho bhith a’ leudachadh ann an Alba.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ach tha e eucoltach gun robh na G&amp;#xE0;idheil, ged a bha iad am measg nan uaislean ann an Lodainn agus san earra-dheas cho fada deas ri cr&amp;#xEC;och Shasainn (agus ’s d&amp;#xF2;cha thairis oirre), riamh anns a’ mh&amp;#xF2;r-chuid anns a’ che&amp;#xE0;rnaidh sin. Ann an 1091, nuair a bha am fearann gu tuath air Abhainn Thuaidh fo cheannas r&amp;#xEC;gh G&amp;#xE0;idhealach (ach a-mh&amp;#xE0;in anns an fh&amp;#xEC;or cheann a tuath is taobh an iar a bha fo smachd nan Lochlannach), tha an Anglo-Saxon Chronicle ag innse dhuinn gun deach Maolchalum III (1058-93) le arm &amp;#x2018;ut of Scotlande into Lodene on Englaland’ (a-mach &amp;#xE0; Alba gu ruige Lodainn ann an Sasainn); thathar an d&amp;#xF9;il gu bheil sin a’ ciallachadh gur e a’ Bheurla an c&amp;#xE0;nan a bu chumhachdaiche ann an Lodainn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Nuair a bha Maolchalum III air an r&amp;#xEC;gh-chathair, bha a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig a’ tighinn fo dh&amp;#xF9;bhlan mar phr&amp;#xEC;omh ch&amp;#xE0;nan na r&amp;#xEC;oghachd; faodar a r&amp;#xE0;dh gun do th&amp;#xF2;isich cr&amp;#xEC;onadh na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig ann an ceann a deas agus taobh an ear na h-Alba timcheall air deireadh an 11mh linn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bha grunn ch&amp;#xE0;nanan, a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig nam measg, aig &amp;#x2018;Calum a’ Chinn Mh&amp;#xF2;ir’ (bha am far-ainm a’ buntainn ri a cheannas no ri meud a chinn). Ghabh e an r&amp;#xEC;gh-chathair &amp;#xE0;s d&amp;#xE8;idh b&amp;#xE0;s MhicBheatha aig Bl&amp;#xE0;r Lann Fhionghain ann an 1057. Ph&amp;#xF2;s e Mairead, bana-phrionnsa a bha leth-Shasannach; bha a br&amp;#xE0;thair an d&amp;#xF9;il cr&amp;#xF9;n Shasainn a ghabhail dha fh&amp;#xE8;in ach chaill e a chothrom an cois mar a ghabh Normanaich Sasainn thairis ann an 1066. Bhrosnaich Mairead, a rinneadh na naomh aig a’ cheann thall, adhbhar na Beurla anns a’ ch&amp;#xF9;irt r&amp;#xEC;oghail agus san Eaglais.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure oucontent-media-mini"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/0e623c26/gaelic_1_fig022.jpg" alt="" width="225" height="278" style="max-width:225px;" class="oucontent-figure-image"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 4 A’ bhanrigh Mairead, a bhrosnaich adhbhar na Beurla anns a’ ch&amp;#xF9;irt r&amp;#xEC;oghail agus san Eaglais&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;St&amp;#xE8;idhich r&amp;#xEC;ghrean &amp;#xE0;s d&amp;#xE8;idh Mhaolchaluim bailtean le inbhe r&amp;#xEC;oghail ann an Alba nan G&amp;#xE0;idheal anns am biodh an luchd-riaghlaidh, aig an robh sinnsearachd Normanach no Flannrasach gu tric, d&amp;#xEC;leas don chr&amp;#xF9;n agus do chleachdadh na Beurla.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Fhuair uaislean Anglo-Normanach fearann ann an grunn &amp;#xE0;iteachan. Ged a b’ iad Fraingis Normanach agus Laideann na c&amp;#xE0;nanan a b’ fhe&amp;#xE0;rr leotha aig t&amp;#xF9;s, th&amp;#xE0;inig iad fo bhuaidh na Beurla. An aghaidh sin, bha &lt;a class="oucontent-crossref" href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-8"&gt;fineachan G&amp;#xE0;idhealach le t&amp;#xF9;s Normanach&lt;sup&gt; 2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt; – mar na Frisealaich, Granntaich is Siosalaich – a ghabh a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig mar ch&amp;#xE0;nan. Aig an &amp;#xEC;re seo, ’s ann d&amp;#xEC;reach anns a’ cheann a deas agus air a’ chosta sear a bha a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig a’ cr&amp;#xEC;onadh agus, a dh’aindeoin ’s gun robhar a’ bruidhinn Beurla, Fraingis is Laideann anns a’ ch&amp;#xF9;irt r&amp;#xEC;oghail, a bha a-nise st&amp;#xE8;idhichte ann an D&amp;#xF9;n &amp;#xC8;ideann, ’s e a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig a bh’ aig a’ mh&amp;#xF2;r-chuid de shluagh na h-Alba. Thathar a’ smaoineachadh nach do chaill i an suidheachadh sin chun a’ 15mh linn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ann an Historia Majoris Britanniae (1521), sgr&amp;#xEC;obh Iain Major, feallsanaiche a rugadh ann an Lodainn, mun sgaradh ch&amp;#xE0;nanach ann an Alba, a’ gabhail &amp;#x2018;Irish’ air na G&amp;#xE0;idheil:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-quote oucontent-s-box"&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#x2018;The Irish tongue is in use among the former, the English tongue amongst the latter. One half of Scotland speaks Irish and all these as well as the Islanders &amp;#x2026; belong to the Wild Scots. In dress, in the manner of their outward life, and in good morals, .. these come behind the householding Scots.’&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ged a rinn e soilleir, mar a rinn Goill eile na latha, nach robh sp&amp;#xE8;is mh&amp;#xF2;r sam bith aige do na G&amp;#xE0;idheil, sgr&amp;#xEC;obh e &amp;#x2018;most of us spoke Irish a short time ago’.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cha do chuir na r&amp;#xEC;ghrean an c&amp;#xF9;il ri dualchas nan G&amp;#xE0;idheal, ge-t&amp;#xE0;. Mar eisimpleir bha Alasdair III air a chr&amp;#xF9;nadh ann an Sg&amp;#xE0;in ann an 1249 anns an n&amp;#xF2;s thraidiseanta Gh&amp;#xE0;idhealach. Bha d&amp;#xF9;thchas measgaichte aig Raibeart Brus, R&amp;#xEC;gh nan Albannach eadar 1306 agus 1329, agus am buadhair aig Bl&amp;#xE0;r Allt a’ Bhonnaich ann an 1314; tha d&amp;#xF9;il gun robh G&amp;#xE0;idhlig am measg nan c&amp;#xE0;nanan aige. Bha d&amp;#xF9;thchas Normanach aig athair agus bha a’ mh&amp;#xE0;thair &amp;#xE0;s a’ Charraig (a-nise ann an ceann a deas Siorrachd Adhair) a bha na G&amp;#xE0;idhealtachd l&amp;#xE0;idir aig an &amp;#xE0;m sin.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bha Foirgheall Obar Bhrothaig na thagradh (sgr&amp;#xEC;obhte ann an Laideann) don Ph&amp;#xE0;p ann an 1320, a’ sireadh aithneachadh oifigeil do dh’Alba mar r&amp;#xEC;oghachd neo-eisimeileach. Rinn am Foirgheall soilleir gun robh uaislean na r&amp;#xEC;oghachd gan tomhas fh&amp;#xE8;in mar Albannaich (G&amp;#xE0;idheil) seach Cuimrich (Breatannaich), Cruithnich, Nirribhich, D&amp;#xE0;naich no Sasannaich. ’S iad na G&amp;#xE0;idheil gu &amp;#xEC;re mh&amp;#xF2;r a chruthaich f&amp;#xE8;in-aithne n&amp;#xE0;iseanta na h-Alba.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:450px;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;amp;extra=thumbnailfigure_idm6188400" title="View larger image"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/4348d040/gaelic_1_fig002.small.jpg" alt="" style="max-width:450px;" class="oucontent-figure-image oucontent-media-wide"/&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-thumbnaillink"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;amp;extra=thumbnailfigure_idm6188400"&gt;View larger image&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 5 &amp;#x2018;S e sgr&amp;#xEC;obhainn ainmeil a tha ann an Foirgheall Obar Bhrothaig a tha air a chumail ann an Tasglann N&amp;#xE0;iseanta na h-Alba. Air a sgr&amp;#xEC;obhadh aig &amp;#xE0;m cogaidhean na saorsa an aghaidh nan Sasannach a th&amp;#xF2;isich nuair a dh’fheuch &amp;#xC8;ideard 1 ri smachd fhaighinn air Alba ann an 1296, tha an litir seo chun a’ Ph&amp;#xE0;p bho iarlan agus barain na d&amp;#xF9;thcha ag iarraidh air gabhail ri Alba mar dh&amp;#xF9;thaich neo-eisimeileach. Ged a chuireadh e&amp;#xF2;laichean an-diugh ceist nan tagradh gu robh na h-Albannaich air imrich a dh&amp;#xE8;anamh bho &amp;#x2018;greater Scythia by the Tyrrene Sea and the Pillars of Hercules’ tha an creideas a bha aca ann am f&amp;#xE8;in-aithne Albannach follaiseach nuair a tha iad ag agairt, &amp;#x2018;Britons they first drove out, the Picts they utterly destroyed, and, even though very often assailed by the Norwegians, the Danes and the English, they took possession of that home with many victories and untold efforts; and, as the historians of old time bear witness, they have held it free of all bondage ever since.’&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a id="back_thumbnailfigure_idm6188400"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Fhad ’s a bha a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig a’ cr&amp;#xEC;onadh anns a’ cheann a deas agus air a’ chosta an ear, ’s ann air an rathad eile a bha gnothaichean a’ dol anns a’ cheann a tuath agus san iar-thuath, le m&amp;#xF2;ran dhaoine aig an robh dualchas Lochlannach no Lochlannach-G&amp;#xE0;idhealach a’ tionndadh chun na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig. ’S d&amp;#xF2;cha gur e am fear a b’ ainmeile dhiubh sin Somhairle, a tha a’ nochdadh an toiseach ann an 1140 mar regulus no r&amp;#xEC;gh Chinn T&amp;#xEC;re. Nuair a chaochail an d&amp;#xE0; chuid, Daibhidh I nan Albannach agus Amhlaibh, R&amp;#xEC;gh Mhanainn, ann an 1153, leudaich Somhairle an sg&amp;#xEC;re a bha fo a smachd, a dh’aindeoin m&amp;#xEC;-thoileachas nan Nirribheach a bha dhen bheachd gur ann leothasan a bha na h-eileanan. Mu dheireadh, bha r&amp;#xEC;oghachd-mhara aige a bha a’ dol eadar Eilean Mhanainn agus Le&amp;#xF2;dhas, agus dh’fh&amp;#xE0;s Innse Gall G&amp;#xE0;idhealach a-rithist. Dh’&amp;#xE8;irich R&amp;#xEC;oghachd no Tighearnas nan Eilean &amp;#xE0;s a dh&amp;#xEC;leab – r&amp;#xEC;oghachd Gh&amp;#xE0;idhealach a thug d&amp;#xF9;bhlan do r&amp;#xEC;ghrean na h-Alba air an taobh an iar agus a chaidh fodha d&amp;#xEC;reach aig deireadh a’ 15mh linn. Coimhead air an bhidio gu h-&amp;#xEC;osal airson an tuilleadh ionnsachadh mu Thighearnas nan Eilean. Tha cuideam ga chur air neart na fo-r&amp;#xEC;oghachd seo aig an robh G&amp;#xE0;idhlig mar phr&amp;#xEC;omh ch&amp;#xE0;nan.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div id="idm45007536" class="oucontent-media oucontent-audio-video oucontent-unstableid" style="width:400px;"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-default-filter "&gt;&lt;span class="oumediafilter"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/e311ed04/rioghachd4.mp4?forcedownload=1" class="oumedialinknoscript omp-spacer"&gt;Download this video clip.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="accesshide"&gt;Video player: Tighearnas nan Eilean&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="#" class="omp-enter-media omp-accesshide" tabindex="-1"&gt;
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&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-media-download"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/e311ed04/rioghachd4.mp4?forcedownload=1" title="Download this video clip"&gt;Download&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-source-reference"&gt;Le cead &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/"&gt;BBC&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Tighearnas nan Eilean&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-interaction-print"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-interaction-unavailable"&gt;Interactive feature not available in single page view (&lt;a class="oucontent-crossref" href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-1.2#idm45007536"&gt;see it in standard view&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Leig Nirribhidh seachad a h-uachdranas air a t&amp;#xEC;rean ann an Alba, ach a-mh&amp;#xE0;in Arcaibh is Sealtainn, do chr&amp;#xF9;n na h-Alba ann an Co-ch&amp;#xF2;rdadh Pheairt (1266). Thug sin neart don Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig air feadh an taoibh an iar agus sa cheann a tuath, agus fhuair i l&amp;#xE0;mh-an-uachdair air Lochlannais anns na h-eileanan. Bha Norn, an c&amp;#xE0;nan ionadail a dh’&amp;#xE8;irich bhon t-Seann Lochlannais, be&amp;#xF2; airson &amp;#xF9;ine ann an Gallaibh ach chaill i ann am farpais le Albais ann an leth an ear-thuath dhen sg&amp;#xEC;re agus le G&amp;#xE0;idhlig anns an leth eile.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Thug a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig agus an t-Seann Lochlannais buaidh air a ch&amp;#xE8;ile thar nan ceudan, a’ f&amp;#xE0;gail d&amp;#xEC;leab a ghabhas faicinn fhathast ann an G&amp;#xE0;idhlig (ghabh Lochlannais faclan G&amp;#xE0;idhlig a-staigh cuideachd – leithid &amp;#xE0;irigh, coinneamh agus gadan – ach cha chluinnear Norn ann an Alba tuilleadh). Tha t&amp;#xF9;s Lochlannach aig faclan G&amp;#xE0;idhlig mar uinneag, sgeir agus sgarbh, mar a th’ aig m&amp;#xF2;ran dhen bhriathrachas co-cheangailte ris a’ mhuir. ’S d&amp;#xF2;cha gun tug Lochlannais buaidh cuideachd air d&amp;#xF2;ighean labhairt nan G&amp;#xE0;idheal, leithid a’ bhlas-chainnt Le&amp;#xF2;dhasach agus an ro-analachadh ann an G&amp;#xE0;idhlig na h-Alba nach cluinnear ann an G&amp;#xE0;idhlig na h-&amp;#xC8;ireann. ’S e ro-analachadh am fuaim mar &amp;#x2018;h’ no &amp;#x2018;ch’ a nochdas ro chuid de chonnragan (mar eisimpleir, canaidh na h-&amp;#xC8;ireannaich &amp;#x2018;mak’ seach &amp;#x2018;machk’ airson mac).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Aig deireadh an 14mh linn, bha a’ Bheurla air f&amp;#xE0;s cho cumhachdach ann an ceann a deas is taobh an ear na h-Alba gun robh &amp;#x2018;Highlander’ (no Hielandman) co-ionann ri &amp;#x2018;neach-labhairt na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig’. Do na G&amp;#xE0;idheil, b’ iad &amp;#x2018;garbh chr&amp;#xEC;ochan’ a’ chinn a tuath A’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhealtachd agus b’ iad t&amp;#xEC;rean &amp;#xEC;osal a’ chinn a deas A’ Ghalltachd, ged a bha na G&amp;#xE0;idheil riamh mothachail do na ceanglaichean eachdraidheil eadar an c&amp;#xE0;nan agus na sg&amp;#xEC;rean de dh’Alba a bh’ air a dhol Gallta.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Aig an &amp;#xE0;m sin, bha droch bheachd aig m&amp;#xF2;ran de luchd na Beurla air na G&amp;#xE0;idheil; bha iad dhen bheachd gun robh na G&amp;#xE0;idheil aig &amp;#xEC;re na b’ &amp;#xEC;sle a thaobh cultar is gnothaichean s&amp;#xF2;isealta. Ach, mar a sgr&amp;#xEC;obh fear dhiubh, John of Fordun, anns na 1380an, bha iad fh&amp;#xE8;in fhathast a’ d&amp;#xE8;anamh tuairisgeul dhen Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig mar &amp;#x2018;a’ chainnt Albannach’.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#x2018;[T]wo languages are spoken among them, the Scottish and the Teutonic; the latter of which is the language of those who occupy the seaboard and plains, while the race of Scottish speech inhabits the Highlands and out-lying islands. The people of the coast are of domestic and civilised habits, trusty, patient and urbane, decent in their attire, affable and peaceful, devout in Divine worship &amp;#x2026; the Highlanders and people of the islands, on the other hand, are a savage and untamed nation, rude and independent, given to rapine, ease-loving, of a docile and warm disposition, comely in person, but unsightly in dress, hostile to the English-speaking people and language &amp;#x2026; and exceedingly cruel.’&lt;/p&gt;                    &lt;script&gt;
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    <dc:title>1.2 Eachdraidh</dc:title><dc:identifier>Gaidhlig_1</dc:identifier><dc:description>&lt;p&gt;Tràth sa chiad mhìle bliadhna AC, ’s iad cànanan Ceilteach a bu mhotha a bh’ air am bruidhinn ann am Breatainn is Èirinn. Ann am Breatainn, bha luchd-labhairt cànan P-Ceilteach anns a’ mhòr-chuid; dh’èirich Cuimris, Còrnais is Breatannais às a’ chànan sin. Ann an Èirinn, bha teanga Q-Ceilteach aig a’ mhòr-chuid – an cànan màthaireil aig Gàidhlig na h-Alba, Gàidhlig na h-Èireann is Gàidhlig Eilean Mhanainn. Thathar a’ smaoineachadh gun tug imrichean à Èirinn Q-Ceiltis gu pàirtean dhen Chuimrigh, a’ Chòrn, Eilean Mhanainn agus taobh an iar na h-Alba, ach ’s ann an Alba is Eilean Mhanainn a-mhàin a mhair i beò anns an ùine fhada.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chan eil a h-uile eòlaiche-eachdraidh a’ gabhail ris a’ bheachd gun do dh’èirich Gàidheil na h-Alba à in-imrich de dh’ Èireannaich gu ruige Alba tràth sa chiad mhìle bliadhna AC. Tha gu leòr dhen fhianais airson sin a’ tighinn bho sheann làmh-sgrìobhainnean leithid Senchus Fer nAlba (Seanchas Fir Alba) agus Eachdraidhean Thigearnaich, ach chaidh na lethbhreacan a th’ againn de na sgrìobhaidhean sin a dhèanamh ceudan bhliadhnaichean às dèidh nan tachartasan air a bheil iad ag aithris agus chan urrainn a bhith cinnteach nach deach an atharrachadh air sgàth adhbharan poilitigeach. Tha cuid de luchd-eachdraidh ag ràdh nach urrainn a bhith cinnteach nach eil na sgeulachdan mu thùs Èireannach aig Gàidhlig na h-Alba a’ cur am falach eachdraidh nas fhaide a tha a’ toirt nan Gàidheal nas fhaide air ais na sin ann an Alba, ’s dòcha gu Linn an Iarainn (timcheall 700 RC gu 500 AC).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Anns na làithean ro chruthachadh einnseanan stèidhichte air connadh, ’s ann aig muir, seach air tìr, a bhiodh daoine a’ siubhal agus a’ gluasad am bathair. Leis cho faisg ’s a tha cladaichean ceann an ear-thuath na h-Èireann agus taobh an iar na h-Alba, bha e nàdarrach gum biodh daoine anns gach dùthaich ann an dlùth-chonaltradh le chèile. Timcheall 500 AC bha rìoghachd bheag Dhàil Riata air a dhol an leud à Ulaidh, gus cuibhreann mhòr de thaobh an iar na h-Alba a chòmhdachadh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bha luchd-sgrìobhaidh Laidinn a’ gabhail Scotti air an fheadhainn a bha a’ fuireach anns an dùthaich sin; ’s e Gàidhlig a bh’ aca mar chànan. Ann an Alba bha am fearann aca aig a’ cheann thall a’ dol bho Mhaol Chinn Tìre anns a’ cheann a deas gu ruige Loch Bhraoin anns a’ cheann a tuath. ’S e Airer Goídel (oirthir Ghàidheal) an t-ainm a bh’ air – Earra-Ghàidheal anns an latha an-diugh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:512px;"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/3e40455a/rioghachd_eilean_footprint.jpg" alt="" width="512" height="288" style="max-width:512px;" class="oucontent-figure-image oucontent-media-wide"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 1 Bha an làrach-coise anns a’ chreig aig mullach Dùn Ad ann an Earra-Ghàidheal air a chleachdadh nuair a bhathas a’ coisrigeadh rìghrean Gàidhealach Dhàil Riata. Fad bhliadhnaichean bhathas an dùil gur e cànan nan Cruithneach a bha anns an t-snaigheadh Ogham a bha faisg air làimh ach ’s e Gàidhlig a tha ann.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Thachair na Gàidheil ri slòigh eile mar a thug iad buaidh air ceàrnaidhean eile de dh’Alba. Anns a’ cheann a tuath, ’s iad na Cruithnich aig an robh cumhachd; thathar a’ smaoineachadh gur e cànan P-Ceilteach a bh’ aig a’ mhòr-chuid acasan. Thairis air a’ cheann a deas, bha na Cuimrich no Breatannaich, aig an robh cànan P-Cèilteach cuideachd, agus anns an earra-dheas bha na h-Anglianaich, feadhainn aig an robh teanga Gearmailteach a bha na sinnsear do dh’Albais agus don Bheurla Shasannaich. Airson timcheall air 600 bliadhna, chaidh a’ Ghàidhlig am meud agus an leud, a’ gabhail thairis bho chànanan eile, ach a-mhàin anns an fhìor cheann a tuath agus san iar-thuath, far an robh Seann Lochlannais ga lagachadh bhon 9mh linn a-mach.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bha eaglais Chaluim Chille (521-97) cudromach ann an leudachadh na Gàidhlig. À manachainn Eilean Ì, a chaidh a stèidheachadh le Calum Cille ann an 563, chaidh manachainnean beaga a chur air dòigh ann am mòran àiteachan. Thug miseanaraidhean Gàidhealach is Cruithneach an soisgeul thairis air an dùthaich, agus tha e coltach gun robhar a’ cleachdadh na Gàidhlig (a bharrachd air Laideann) barrachd is barrachd.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mar eisimpleir, tha na notaichean ann an Leabhar Dheir, a rinneadh ann am manachainn Dheir ann an tìr ìosal Siorrachd Obar Dheathain anns an 12mh linn, agus a tha a’ cumail a-mach gun deach a’ mhanachainn a chur air chois gu dìreach à Eilean Ì, air an sgrìobhadh ann an Gàidhlig.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure oucontent-media-mini"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/8a0596ce/gaelic_1_fig001.jpg" alt="" width="286" height="400" style="max-width:286px;" class="oucontent-figure-image"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 2 Eisimpleir de na notaichean sgrìobhte an Gàidhlig san 12mh linn air oir duilleig ann an Leabhar Dheir. &lt;a class="oucontent-crossref" href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-6.1#a0d8244f-fbf9-4904-a1e2-be39541bb110"&gt;Cliog&lt;/a&gt; an seo airson faicinn càite a bheil Deir an Siorrachd Obar Dheathain &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ged a chanadh cuid gu bheil e iomallach an-diugh bha Eilean Ì ri linn Chaluim Cille aig teis mheadhan slighe mara a bha ceangal choimhearsnachdan fad oirthir an iar Alba agus ceann a tuath Èirinn. Àite a bh’ ann aig an robh buaidh mhaireannach agus aig an robh làmh chudromach ann a bhith tionndadh nan Cruithneach agus an sluagh a bha ann an Northumbria chun a’ chreideimh Chrìosdail.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ann an Gàidhlig ’s e Eilean Ì no Ì Chaluim Cille a bha air, a’ toirt dhuinn Icolmkill, an t-ainm Beurla a bha air fad linntean. Tha an t-ainm nuadh Iona a’ tighinn bho dhroch làmh-sgrìobhaidh dhen Laideann Ioua (Insula).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha an dealbh bhidio gu h-ìosal a’ sealltainn cho cudromach agus a bha na h-Eileanan Siar air an t-slighe mhara seo.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div id="idm469200" class="oucontent-media oucontent-audio-video oucontent-unstableid" style="width:400px;"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-default-filter "&gt;&lt;span class="oumediafilter"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/2ff848f2/rioghachd1_1.mp4?forcedownload=1" class="oumedialinknoscript omp-spacer"&gt;Download this video clip.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="accesshide"&gt;Video player: Na h-Eileanan Siar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="#" class="omp-enter-media omp-accesshide" tabindex="-1"&gt;
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&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-media-download"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/2ff848f2/rioghachd1_1.mp4?forcedownload=1" title="Download this video clip"&gt;Download&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-source-reference"&gt;Le cead &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/"&gt;BBC&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Na h-Eileanan Siar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-interaction-print"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-interaction-unavailable"&gt;Interactive feature not available in single page view (&lt;a class="oucontent-crossref" href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-1.2#idm469200"&gt;see it in standard view&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Thathas dhen bheachd gun deach an leabhar a tha ainmeil air feadh an t-saoghail, Leabhar Cheanannais (an-diugh ann an Colaiste na Trianaid am Baile Ath Cliath ), a thòiseachadh agus ’s dòcha fiù ’s a chrìochnachadh ann an Eilean Ì tron ochdamh linn mus deach a thoirt a dh’Èirinn airson a chumail tèarainte nuair a bha na Lochlannaich a’ toirt ionnsaighean air na h-Eileanan Siar anmoch san ochdamh linn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure oucontent-media-mini"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/c6f18317/gaelic_1_kells.jpg" alt="" width="304" height="424" style="max-width:304px;" class="oucontent-figure-image"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-source-reference"&gt;Dsmdgold/Wikipedia&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 3 Duilleag à Leabhar Cheanannais&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chan eil fianais làidir ann gun do smachdaich na Gàidheil na Cruithnich le armachd no gun deach na Cruithnich fhuadachadh. Timcheall 841 ghabh Coinneach mac Ailpein thairis crùn Dhàil Riata agus, dà bhliadhna às dèidh sin, dh’aonaich e na Cruithnich agus Gàidheil fo a cheannas-san. Mar chànan an riaghaltais, agus mòr-inbhe aice, ghabh a’ Ghàidhlig smachd gu nàiseanta, agus dh’fhalbh Cruithnis à fianais. ’S e Alba a bh’ air an rìoghachd mar ainm (mar a tha a-nise); bha an t-ainm air a bhith a’ riochdachadh Breatainn air fad anns an linn ro na h-Anglo-Sasannaich.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Thathar a’ lorg Scotland air a chleachdadh le muinntir na Beurla airson a’ chiad turais anns an 11mh linn; thathar dhen bheachd gun robh a’ Ghàidhlig air a bruidhinn le mòr-chuid dhen t-sluagh mun àm sin agus gum b’ i an teanga a bu chliùitiche san rìoghachd.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S ann ann an dòigh-sgrìobhadh air cloich ris an canar Ogham a tha an sgrìobhadh as sine ann an Gàidhlig. Anns an 6mh linn AC, ge-tà, bha manaich ann an seòmraichean-sgrìobhaidh mhanachainnean a’ tòiseachadh air aibidil cànan na h-Eaglais – Laideann – a chleachdadh airson an cànan fhèin a chur ann an clò. Tha an aon aibidil (gu ìre mhòr) air a bhith aig a’ Bheurla agus Gàidhlig airson ùine mhòr mhòr ach b’ fheudar na litrichean Laidinn a chleachdadh airson fuaimean a riochdachadh nach robh buileach co-ionann anns gach cànan.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bidh leughadairean aig nach eil ach a’ Bheurla Shasannach ag ionnsachadh gu luath nach eil na ‘riaghailtean’ a tha a’ dèanamh ceangal eadar litrichean is buidhnean litrichean (agus a tha gu math neo-riaghailteach ann am Beurla) ag obair anns an aon dòigh ann an Gàidhlig. Tha riaghailtean eadar-dhealaichte aig gach cànan. Mar eisimpleir, tha ‘b’ ann am meadhan facail nas coltaiche ri ‘p’ ann am Beurla. Agus tha rud sònraichte ann an Gàidhlig, nach eil ri lorg gu mòr ann am Beurla – an fhuaimreag thaiceil no Svarabhakti (tha an teirm a’ tighinn bho Shansgrait). Is e seo fuaimreag nach eil sgrìobhte ach a tha a’ dèanamh ath-aithris (gu ìre mhòr) air an fhuaimreig a bh’ ann roimhpe. Tha am facal ‘Alba’ fhèin na dheagh eisimpleir.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ghabh a’ Ghàidhlig thairis bhon Chuimris anns a’ chuid mhòir de cheann a deas na h-Alba, a’ gabhail a-steach seann rìoghachd Shrath Chluaidh, aig deireadh nam meadhan-aoisean. Thathar a’ smaoineachadh, às dèidh do dh’arm na h-Alba a’ chùis a dhèanamh air na Northumbrianaich aig &lt;a class="oucontent-crossref" href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-8"&gt;Blàr Charham&lt;sup&gt; 1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt; (anns na Crìochan) ann an 1018, gun do chuireadh stad air na h-Anglianaich bho bhith a’ leudachadh ann an Alba.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ach tha e eucoltach gun robh na Gàidheil, ged a bha iad am measg nan uaislean ann an Lodainn agus san earra-dheas cho fada deas ri crìoch Shasainn (agus ’s dòcha thairis oirre), riamh anns a’ mhòr-chuid anns a’ cheàrnaidh sin. Ann an 1091, nuair a bha am fearann gu tuath air Abhainn Thuaidh fo cheannas rìgh Gàidhealach (ach a-mhàin anns an fhìor cheann a tuath is taobh an iar a bha fo smachd nan Lochlannach), tha an Anglo-Saxon Chronicle ag innse dhuinn gun deach Maolchalum III (1058-93) le arm ‘ut of Scotlande into Lodene on Englaland’ (a-mach à Alba gu ruige Lodainn ann an Sasainn); thathar an dùil gu bheil sin a’ ciallachadh gur e a’ Bheurla an cànan a bu chumhachdaiche ann an Lodainn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Nuair a bha Maolchalum III air an rìgh-chathair, bha a’ Ghàidhlig a’ tighinn fo dhùbhlan mar phrìomh chànan na rìoghachd; faodar a ràdh gun do thòisich crìonadh na Gàidhlig ann an ceann a deas agus taobh an ear na h-Alba timcheall air deireadh an 11mh linn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bha grunn chànanan, a’ Ghàidhlig nam measg, aig ‘Calum a’ Chinn Mhòir’ (bha am far-ainm a’ buntainn ri a cheannas no ri meud a chinn). Ghabh e an rìgh-chathair às dèidh bàs MhicBheatha aig Blàr Lann Fhionghain ann an 1057. Phòs e Mairead, bana-phrionnsa a bha leth-Shasannach; bha a bràthair an dùil crùn Shasainn a ghabhail dha fhèin ach chaill e a chothrom an cois mar a ghabh Normanaich Sasainn thairis ann an 1066. Bhrosnaich Mairead, a rinneadh na naomh aig a’ cheann thall, adhbhar na Beurla anns a’ chùirt rìoghail agus san Eaglais.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure oucontent-media-mini"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/0e623c26/gaelic_1_fig022.jpg" alt="" width="225" height="278" style="max-width:225px;" class="oucontent-figure-image"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 4 A’ bhanrigh Mairead, a bhrosnaich adhbhar na Beurla anns a’ chùirt rìoghail agus san Eaglais&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Stèidhich rìghrean às dèidh Mhaolchaluim bailtean le inbhe rìoghail ann an Alba nan Gàidheal anns am biodh an luchd-riaghlaidh, aig an robh sinnsearachd Normanach no Flannrasach gu tric, dìleas don chrùn agus do chleachdadh na Beurla.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Fhuair uaislean Anglo-Normanach fearann ann an grunn àiteachan. Ged a b’ iad Fraingis Normanach agus Laideann na cànanan a b’ fheàrr leotha aig tùs, thàinig iad fo bhuaidh na Beurla. An aghaidh sin, bha &lt;a class="oucontent-crossref" href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-8"&gt;fineachan Gàidhealach le tùs Normanach&lt;sup&gt; 2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt; – mar na Frisealaich, Granntaich is Siosalaich – a ghabh a’ Ghàidhlig mar chànan. Aig an ìre seo, ’s ann dìreach anns a’ cheann a deas agus air a’ chosta sear a bha a’ Ghàidhlig a’ crìonadh agus, a dh’aindeoin ’s gun robhar a’ bruidhinn Beurla, Fraingis is Laideann anns a’ chùirt rìoghail, a bha a-nise stèidhichte ann an Dùn Èideann, ’s e a’ Ghàidhlig a bh’ aig a’ mhòr-chuid de shluagh na h-Alba. Thathar a’ smaoineachadh nach do chaill i an suidheachadh sin chun a’ 15mh linn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ann an Historia Majoris Britanniae (1521), sgrìobh Iain Major, feallsanaiche a rugadh ann an Lodainn, mun sgaradh chànanach ann an Alba, a’ gabhail ‘Irish’ air na Gàidheil:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-quote oucontent-s-box"&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;‘The Irish tongue is in use among the former, the English tongue amongst the latter. One half of Scotland speaks Irish and all these as well as the Islanders … belong to the Wild Scots. In dress, in the manner of their outward life, and in good morals, .. these come behind the householding Scots.’&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ged a rinn e soilleir, mar a rinn Goill eile na latha, nach robh spèis mhòr sam bith aige do na Gàidheil, sgrìobh e ‘most of us spoke Irish a short time ago’.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cha do chuir na rìghrean an cùil ri dualchas nan Gàidheal, ge-tà. Mar eisimpleir bha Alasdair III air a chrùnadh ann an Sgàin ann an 1249 anns an nòs thraidiseanta Ghàidhealach. Bha dùthchas measgaichte aig Raibeart Brus, Rìgh nan Albannach eadar 1306 agus 1329, agus am buadhair aig Blàr Allt a’ Bhonnaich ann an 1314; tha dùil gun robh Gàidhlig am measg nan cànanan aige. Bha dùthchas Normanach aig athair agus bha a’ mhàthair às a’ Charraig (a-nise ann an ceann a deas Siorrachd Adhair) a bha na Gàidhealtachd làidir aig an àm sin.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bha Foirgheall Obar Bhrothaig na thagradh (sgrìobhte ann an Laideann) don Phàp ann an 1320, a’ sireadh aithneachadh oifigeil do dh’Alba mar rìoghachd neo-eisimeileach. Rinn am Foirgheall soilleir gun robh uaislean na rìoghachd gan tomhas fhèin mar Albannaich (Gàidheil) seach Cuimrich (Breatannaich), Cruithnich, Nirribhich, Dànaich no Sasannaich. ’S iad na Gàidheil gu ìre mhòr a chruthaich fèin-aithne nàiseanta na h-Alba.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:450px;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;extra=thumbnailfigure_idm6188400" title="View larger image"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/4348d040/gaelic_1_fig002.small.jpg" alt="" style="max-width:450px;" class="oucontent-figure-image oucontent-media-wide"/&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-thumbnaillink"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;extra=thumbnailfigure_idm6188400"&gt;View larger image&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 5 ‘S e sgrìobhainn ainmeil a tha ann an Foirgheall Obar Bhrothaig a tha air a chumail ann an Tasglann Nàiseanta na h-Alba. Air a sgrìobhadh aig àm cogaidhean na saorsa an aghaidh nan Sasannach a thòisich nuair a dh’fheuch Èideard 1 ri smachd fhaighinn air Alba ann an 1296, tha an litir seo chun a’ Phàp bho iarlan agus barain na dùthcha ag iarraidh air gabhail ri Alba mar dhùthaich neo-eisimeileach. Ged a chuireadh eòlaichean an-diugh ceist nan tagradh gu robh na h-Albannaich air imrich a dhèanamh bho ‘greater Scythia by the Tyrrene Sea and the Pillars of Hercules’ tha an creideas a bha aca ann am fèin-aithne Albannach follaiseach nuair a tha iad ag agairt, ‘Britons they first drove out, the Picts they utterly destroyed, and, even though very often assailed by the Norwegians, the Danes and the English, they took possession of that home with many victories and untold efforts; and, as the historians of old time bear witness, they have held it free of all bondage ever since.’&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a id="back_thumbnailfigure_idm6188400"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Fhad ’s a bha a’ Ghàidhlig a’ crìonadh anns a’ cheann a deas agus air a’ chosta an ear, ’s ann air an rathad eile a bha gnothaichean a’ dol anns a’ cheann a tuath agus san iar-thuath, le mòran dhaoine aig an robh dualchas Lochlannach no Lochlannach-Gàidhealach a’ tionndadh chun na Gàidhlig. ’S dòcha gur e am fear a b’ ainmeile dhiubh sin Somhairle, a tha a’ nochdadh an toiseach ann an 1140 mar regulus no rìgh Chinn Tìre. Nuair a chaochail an dà chuid, Daibhidh I nan Albannach agus Amhlaibh, Rìgh Mhanainn, ann an 1153, leudaich Somhairle an sgìre a bha fo a smachd, a dh’aindeoin mì-thoileachas nan Nirribheach a bha dhen bheachd gur ann leothasan a bha na h-eileanan. Mu dheireadh, bha rìoghachd-mhara aige a bha a’ dol eadar Eilean Mhanainn agus Leòdhas, agus dh’fhàs Innse Gall Gàidhealach a-rithist. Dh’èirich Rìoghachd no Tighearnas nan Eilean às a dhìleab – rìoghachd Ghàidhealach a thug dùbhlan do rìghrean na h-Alba air an taobh an iar agus a chaidh fodha dìreach aig deireadh a’ 15mh linn. Coimhead air an bhidio gu h-ìosal airson an tuilleadh ionnsachadh mu Thighearnas nan Eilean. Tha cuideam ga chur air neart na fo-rìoghachd seo aig an robh Gàidhlig mar phrìomh chànan.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div id="idm45007536" class="oucontent-media oucontent-audio-video oucontent-unstableid" style="width:400px;"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-default-filter "&gt;&lt;span class="oumediafilter"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/e311ed04/rioghachd4.mp4?forcedownload=1" class="oumedialinknoscript omp-spacer"&gt;Download this video clip.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="accesshide"&gt;Video player: Tighearnas nan Eilean&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="#" class="omp-enter-media omp-accesshide" tabindex="-1"&gt;
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&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-media-download"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/e311ed04/rioghachd4.mp4?forcedownload=1" title="Download this video clip"&gt;Download&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-source-reference"&gt;Le cead &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/"&gt;BBC&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Tighearnas nan Eilean&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-interaction-print"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-interaction-unavailable"&gt;Interactive feature not available in single page view (&lt;a class="oucontent-crossref" href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-1.2#idm45007536"&gt;see it in standard view&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Leig Nirribhidh seachad a h-uachdranas air a tìrean ann an Alba, ach a-mhàin Arcaibh is Sealtainn, do chrùn na h-Alba ann an Co-chòrdadh Pheairt (1266). Thug sin neart don Ghàidhlig air feadh an taoibh an iar agus sa cheann a tuath, agus fhuair i làmh-an-uachdair air Lochlannais anns na h-eileanan. Bha Norn, an cànan ionadail a dh’èirich bhon t-Seann Lochlannais, beò airson ùine ann an Gallaibh ach chaill i ann am farpais le Albais ann an leth an ear-thuath dhen sgìre agus le Gàidhlig anns an leth eile.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Thug a’ Ghàidhlig agus an t-Seann Lochlannais buaidh air a chèile thar nan ceudan, a’ fàgail dìleab a ghabhas faicinn fhathast ann an Gàidhlig (ghabh Lochlannais faclan Gàidhlig a-staigh cuideachd – leithid àirigh, coinneamh agus gadan – ach cha chluinnear Norn ann an Alba tuilleadh). Tha tùs Lochlannach aig faclan Gàidhlig mar uinneag, sgeir agus sgarbh, mar a th’ aig mòran dhen bhriathrachas co-cheangailte ris a’ mhuir. ’S dòcha gun tug Lochlannais buaidh cuideachd air dòighean labhairt nan Gàidheal, leithid a’ bhlas-chainnt Leòdhasach agus an ro-analachadh ann an Gàidhlig na h-Alba nach cluinnear ann an Gàidhlig na h-Èireann. ’S e ro-analachadh am fuaim mar ‘h’ no ‘ch’ a nochdas ro chuid de chonnragan (mar eisimpleir, canaidh na h-Èireannaich ‘mak’ seach ‘machk’ airson mac).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Aig deireadh an 14mh linn, bha a’ Bheurla air fàs cho cumhachdach ann an ceann a deas is taobh an ear na h-Alba gun robh ‘Highlander’ (no Hielandman) co-ionann ri ‘neach-labhairt na Gàidhlig’. Do na Gàidheil, b’ iad ‘garbh chrìochan’ a’ chinn a tuath A’ Ghàidhealtachd agus b’ iad tìrean ìosal a’ chinn a deas A’ Ghalltachd, ged a bha na Gàidheil riamh mothachail do na ceanglaichean eachdraidheil eadar an cànan agus na sgìrean de dh’Alba a bh’ air a dhol Gallta.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Aig an àm sin, bha droch bheachd aig mòran de luchd na Beurla air na Gàidheil; bha iad dhen bheachd gun robh na Gàidheil aig ìre na b’ ìsle a thaobh cultar is gnothaichean sòisealta. Ach, mar a sgrìobh fear dhiubh, John of Fordun, anns na 1380an, bha iad fhèin fhathast a’ dèanamh tuairisgeul dhen Ghàidhlig mar ‘a’ chainnt Albannach’.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;‘[T]wo languages are spoken among them, the Scottish and the Teutonic; the latter of which is the language of those who occupy the seaboard and plains, while the race of Scottish speech inhabits the Highlands and out-lying islands. The people of the coast are of domestic and civilised habits, trusty, patient and urbane, decent in their attire, affable and peaceful, devout in Divine worship … the Highlanders and people of the islands, on the other hand, are a savage and untamed nation, rude and independent, given to rapine, ease-loving, of a docile and warm disposition, comely in person, but unsightly in dress, hostile to the English-speaking people and language … and exceedingly cruel.’&lt;/p&gt;                    &lt;script&gt;
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      <title>1.3 Ainmean-&amp;#xE0;ite</title>
      <link>https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-1.3</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;Chithear sgaoileadh na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig thairis air Alba anns na h-ainmean-&amp;#xE0;ite a dh’fh&amp;#xE0;g na G&amp;#xE0;idheil &amp;#xE0;s an d&amp;#xE8;idh. Uaireannan, rinn na G&amp;#xE0;idheil atharrachadh air ainmean a chaidh a chruthachadh na bu tr&amp;#xE0;ithe le luchd-labhairt na Cruithnis, Cuimris, Lochlannais no eadhon na Beurla, ach gu math tric chruthaich iad ainmean &amp;#xF9;ra (cuid dhiubh a chaidh a leasachadh a-rithist an ceann &amp;#xF9;ine le luchd-labhairt ch&amp;#xE0;nanan eile).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha an eileamaid Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig baile – &amp;#xE0;ite anns an robh daoine a’ fuireach fad na t&amp;#xEC;de a dh’fhaodadh a bhith cho beag ri baile-fearainn ach cho m&amp;#xF2;r ri cathair-bhaile – gu math pailt; nochdaidh e ann an dreach na Beurla mar bal-, balla- no uaireannan bella-. Tha sgaoileadh ainmean baile a’ sealltainn mar a sgaoil a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig fh&amp;#xE8;in thar Alba, le &amp;#xE0;ireamh mh&amp;#xF2;r dhiubh ann an Siorrachd Obar Dheathain, Siorrachd Aonghais agus F&amp;#xEC;obha, agus eisimpleirean rin lorg ann an &amp;#xE0;iteachan mar Siorrachd Chille Chuithbeirt (Balcary, Balmaclellan, Balmingan), Siorrachd Dh&amp;#xF9;n Phris (Ballaggan, Baltersan), Siorrachd Shalcraig (Balnakiel) agus Lodainn an Ear (Balgone, Ballencrieff).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S e eileamaid eile achadh (gu tric air a ghiorrachadh gu acha- no ach-). ’S iad na h-aon ph&amp;#xE0;irtean de dh’Alba far a bheil a leithid gann am f&amp;#xEC;or earra-dheas, ’s d&amp;#xF2;cha a chionn ’s nach robh na G&amp;#xE0;idheil a rinn tuineachadh an sin ag obrachadh na talmhainn gu &amp;#xEC;re mh&amp;#xF2;r, agus na h-Eileanan an Iar, air s&amp;#xE0;illibh buaidh nan ainmean Lochlannach an sin. Ann an ceann a deas is taobh an iar na d&amp;#xF9;thcha, tha an eileamaid air a gl&amp;#xE8;idheadh ann an dreach na Beurla mar auch- mar as trice; ’s iad eisimpleirean dheth sin Auchinbo agus Auchintoul (Siorrachd Obar Dheathain), Auchendinny agus Auchendoon ann am Meadhan Lodainn, agus Auchabrick is Auchenree ann an Siorrachd na h-&amp;#xD9;ige. Air a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhealtachd gheibhear eisimpleirean mar Achachork is Achnacloich (An t-Eilean Sgitheanach), Achanalt is Achnashellach (Siorrachd Rois) agus Achavanich (Gallaibh).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ged a dh’fhaodas seann ainmean-&amp;#xE0;ite a bhith doirbh a thuigsinn uaireannan, tha an fheadhainn a chaidh a chruthachadh no a chleachdadh anns a’ bheag-&amp;#xF9;ine a dh’fhalbh (a’ chuid as motha air a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhealtachd) an &amp;#xEC;re mhath follaiseach. Mar eisimpleir, ’s e Achachork Achadh a’ Choirce, ’s e Achnacloich Achadh na Cloiche, ’s e Achanalt Achadh nan Allt agus tha Achnashellach a’ riochdachadh Achadh nan Seileach.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Am measg eileamaidean G&amp;#xE0;idhlig eile a tha a’ nochdadh ann am farsaingeachd de sg&amp;#xEC;rean ann an Alba, tha kil- (cill), tully- no tilly- (tulach) agus knock- (cnoc).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S iad eisimpleirean de dh’ainmean le cill annta – Kilmarnock, Kilbirnie agus Kilpatrick (Siorrachd &amp;#xC0;ir), Kilbride (grunnan dhiubh ann an Siorrachd Lannraig, Earra-Gh&amp;#xE0;idheal is eile), Kilallan (Siorrachd Rinn Fri&amp;#xF9;), Kilfeddar (Siorrachd na h-&amp;#xD9;ige), Kilbucho (Siorrachd nam Puballan), Kilconquhar (F&amp;#xEC;obha) agus Kildrummy (Siorrachd Obar Dheathain).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha tulach a’ nochdadh ann an &amp;#xE0;iteachan mar Tillydrine, Tillyfourie agus Tillytarmont (Siorrachd Obar Dheathain) agus Tullybelton, Tullyfergus is Tullymurdoch (Siorrachd Pheairt).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gheibhear cnoc ann am Big Knock (Siorrachd nam Puballan), East Knock is West Knock (Siorrachd Aonghais) agus m&amp;#xF2;ran &amp;#xE0;iteachan air a bheil Knock no The Knock.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Air a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhealtachd, chruinnich an Suirbhidh &amp;#xD2;rdanais ainmean sl&amp;#xE0;na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig, air nach deach atharrachadh sam bith a dh&amp;#xE8;anamh. Tha feadhainn dhiubh a’ dol air ais gu l&amp;#xE0;ithean Dh&amp;#xE0;il Riata ach tha m&amp;#xF2;ran dhiubh nas &amp;#xF9;ire na sin. Tha cumadh fillte air gu le&amp;#xF2;r dhiubh agus tha iad d&amp;#xF9;bhlanach do mh&amp;#xF2;ran Albannach an-diugh, ach tha iad cuideachd air leth beartach mar ph&amp;#xE0;irt de dhualchas na h-Alba.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Smaoinich, mar eisimpleir, air na tha de dh’fhiosrachadh ann an ainmean leithid Meall a’ Choire Chreagaich, Cnoc Alltan Iain Duinn, Allt Cnoc &amp;#xC0;irigh an t-Seilich Bhig agus Rubha Camas nam Meanbh-chuileag.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cleachd na ceangalan gu h-&amp;#xEC;osal airson &amp;#xE8;isteachd ri fuaimneachadh nan ainmean:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div id="idm15166400" class="oucontent-media oucontent-audio-video oucontent-unstableid" style="width:342px;"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-default-filter"&gt;&lt;span class="oumediafilter"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/661dea01/meall_a_choire_chreagaich.mp3?forcedownload=1" class="oumedialinknoscript omp-spacer"&gt;Download this audio clip.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="accesshide"&gt;Audio player: Meall a’ Choire Chreagaich&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="#" class="omp-enter-media omp-accesshide" tabindex="-1"&gt;
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    <dc:title>1.3 Ainmean-àite</dc:title><dc:identifier>Gaidhlig_1</dc:identifier><dc:description>&lt;p&gt;Chithear sgaoileadh na Gàidhlig thairis air Alba anns na h-ainmean-àite a dh’fhàg na Gàidheil às an dèidh. Uaireannan, rinn na Gàidheil atharrachadh air ainmean a chaidh a chruthachadh na bu tràithe le luchd-labhairt na Cruithnis, Cuimris, Lochlannais no eadhon na Beurla, ach gu math tric chruthaich iad ainmean ùra (cuid dhiubh a chaidh a leasachadh a-rithist an ceann ùine le luchd-labhairt chànanan eile).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha an eileamaid Ghàidhlig baile – àite anns an robh daoine a’ fuireach fad na tìde a dh’fhaodadh a bhith cho beag ri baile-fearainn ach cho mòr ri cathair-bhaile – gu math pailt; nochdaidh e ann an dreach na Beurla mar bal-, balla- no uaireannan bella-. Tha sgaoileadh ainmean baile a’ sealltainn mar a sgaoil a’ Ghàidhlig fhèin thar Alba, le àireamh mhòr dhiubh ann an Siorrachd Obar Dheathain, Siorrachd Aonghais agus Fìobha, agus eisimpleirean rin lorg ann an àiteachan mar Siorrachd Chille Chuithbeirt (Balcary, Balmaclellan, Balmingan), Siorrachd Dhùn Phris (Ballaggan, Baltersan), Siorrachd Shalcraig (Balnakiel) agus Lodainn an Ear (Balgone, Ballencrieff).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S e eileamaid eile achadh (gu tric air a ghiorrachadh gu acha- no ach-). ’S iad na h-aon phàirtean de dh’Alba far a bheil a leithid gann am fìor earra-dheas, ’s dòcha a chionn ’s nach robh na Gàidheil a rinn tuineachadh an sin ag obrachadh na talmhainn gu ìre mhòr, agus na h-Eileanan an Iar, air sàillibh buaidh nan ainmean Lochlannach an sin. Ann an ceann a deas is taobh an iar na dùthcha, tha an eileamaid air a glèidheadh ann an dreach na Beurla mar auch- mar as trice; ’s iad eisimpleirean dheth sin Auchinbo agus Auchintoul (Siorrachd Obar Dheathain), Auchendinny agus Auchendoon ann am Meadhan Lodainn, agus Auchabrick is Auchenree ann an Siorrachd na h-Ùige. Air a’ Ghàidhealtachd gheibhear eisimpleirean mar Achachork is Achnacloich (An t-Eilean Sgitheanach), Achanalt is Achnashellach (Siorrachd Rois) agus Achavanich (Gallaibh).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ged a dh’fhaodas seann ainmean-àite a bhith doirbh a thuigsinn uaireannan, tha an fheadhainn a chaidh a chruthachadh no a chleachdadh anns a’ bheag-ùine a dh’fhalbh (a’ chuid as motha air a’ Ghàidhealtachd) an ìre mhath follaiseach. Mar eisimpleir, ’s e Achachork Achadh a’ Choirce, ’s e Achnacloich Achadh na Cloiche, ’s e Achanalt Achadh nan Allt agus tha Achnashellach a’ riochdachadh Achadh nan Seileach.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Am measg eileamaidean Gàidhlig eile a tha a’ nochdadh ann am farsaingeachd de sgìrean ann an Alba, tha kil- (cill), tully- no tilly- (tulach) agus knock- (cnoc).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S iad eisimpleirean de dh’ainmean le cill annta – Kilmarnock, Kilbirnie agus Kilpatrick (Siorrachd Àir), Kilbride (grunnan dhiubh ann an Siorrachd Lannraig, Earra-Ghàidheal is eile), Kilallan (Siorrachd Rinn Friù), Kilfeddar (Siorrachd na h-Ùige), Kilbucho (Siorrachd nam Puballan), Kilconquhar (Fìobha) agus Kildrummy (Siorrachd Obar Dheathain).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha tulach a’ nochdadh ann an àiteachan mar Tillydrine, Tillyfourie agus Tillytarmont (Siorrachd Obar Dheathain) agus Tullybelton, Tullyfergus is Tullymurdoch (Siorrachd Pheairt).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gheibhear cnoc ann am Big Knock (Siorrachd nam Puballan), East Knock is West Knock (Siorrachd Aonghais) agus mòran àiteachan air a bheil Knock no The Knock.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Air a’ Ghàidhealtachd, chruinnich an Suirbhidh Òrdanais ainmean slàna Gàidhlig, air nach deach atharrachadh sam bith a dhèanamh. Tha feadhainn dhiubh a’ dol air ais gu làithean Dhàil Riata ach tha mòran dhiubh nas ùire na sin. Tha cumadh fillte air gu leòr dhiubh agus tha iad dùbhlanach do mhòran Albannach an-diugh, ach tha iad cuideachd air leth beartach mar phàirt de dhualchas na h-Alba.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Smaoinich, mar eisimpleir, air na tha de dh’fhiosrachadh ann an ainmean leithid Meall a’ Choire Chreagaich, Cnoc Alltan Iain Duinn, Allt Cnoc Àirigh an t-Seilich Bhig agus Rubha Camas nam Meanbh-chuileag.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cleachd na ceangalan gu h-ìosal airson èisteachd ri fuaimneachadh nan ainmean:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div id="idm15166400" class="oucontent-media oucontent-audio-video oucontent-unstableid" style="width:342px;"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-default-filter"&gt;&lt;span class="oumediafilter"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/661dea01/meall_a_choire_chreagaich.mp3?forcedownload=1" class="oumedialinknoscript omp-spacer"&gt;Download this audio clip.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="accesshide"&gt;Audio player: Meall a’ Choire Chreagaich&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="#" class="omp-enter-media omp-accesshide" tabindex="-1"&gt;
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                    &lt;/script&gt;</dc:description><dc:publisher>The Open University</dc:publisher><dc:creator>The Open University</dc:creator><dc:type>Course</dc:type><dc:format>text/html</dc:format><dc:language>en-GB</dc:language><dc:source>Cànan nan Gàidheal - Gaidhlig_1</dc:source><cc:license>Copyright © 2016 The Open University</cc:license></item>
    <item>
      <title>1.4 Cruthachadh na G&amp;#xE0;idhealtachd</title>
      <link>https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-1.4</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;Aig deireadh an 15mh linn, bha an fheadhainn aig an robh Beurla na Galltachd air t&amp;#xF2;iseachadh air &amp;#x2018;Scottis’ a ghabhail air an cainnt, a’ sealltainn, ged a bha an c&amp;#xE0;nan aca dl&amp;#xF9;th-ch&amp;#xE0;irdeach do theanga an n&amp;#xE0;bannan ann an Sasainn, gun robh f&amp;#xE8;in-aithne Albannach aca. Ghabh a’ Bheurla Ghallta, no Albais mar a their m&amp;#xF2;ran rithe an-diugh, agus a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig briathrachas bho ch&amp;#xE8;ile, mar a thachair le Albais is Lochlannais, agus G&amp;#xE0;idhlig is Lochlannais.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S iad eisimpleirean de dh’fhaclan G&amp;#xE0;idhlig a th&amp;#xE0;inig bho Albais &lt;i&gt;bodhaig&lt;/i&gt; (&amp;#xE0; bouk, corp), &lt;i&gt;d&amp;#xEC;g&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;e&amp;#xE0;rlas&lt;/i&gt; (&amp;#xE0; arles), &lt;i&gt;poca&lt;/i&gt; (&amp;#xE0; poke) agus &lt;i&gt;radan&lt;/i&gt; (&amp;#xE0; rattan). Am measg fhaclan ann an Albais a th&amp;#xE0;inig bhon Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig tha &lt;i&gt;ben&lt;/i&gt; (beinn), &lt;i&gt;claymore&lt;/i&gt; (claidheamh m&amp;#xF2;r), &lt;i&gt;corrie&lt;/i&gt; (coire), &lt;i&gt;ghillie&lt;/i&gt; (gille), &lt;i&gt;kyle&lt;/i&gt; (caol), &lt;i&gt;machair&lt;/i&gt; agus &lt;i&gt;whisky&lt;/i&gt; (uisge-beatha).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ach, a dh’aindeoin ’s gun robh a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig na c&amp;#xE0;nan t&amp;#xF9;sail aig r&amp;#xEC;oghachd na h-Alba, th&amp;#xF2;isich sgr&amp;#xEC;obhadairean Gallta air Irische no Ersch a ghabhail oirre. Chithear sin anns an d&amp;#xE0;n ainmeil dh&amp;#xF9;bhlanach ris an canar &amp;#x2018;Flyting of Dunbar and Kennedy’, a chaidh a sgr&amp;#xEC;obhadh ann an Albais timcheall air 1505, anns a bheil Uilleam Dunbar &amp;#xE0; Lodainn a’ magadh air Bhaltar Ceanadach, aig an robh G&amp;#xE0;idhlig mar chiad ch&amp;#xE0;nan, airson a bhith &lt;i&gt;Heland&lt;/i&gt; agus na &lt;i&gt;Ersch Katherane&lt;/i&gt; (gu h-&amp;#xEC;oranach a’ cleachdadh facal a fhuaras bhon Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig). Air an l&amp;#xE0;imh eile, tha an Ceanadach ag innse don Bh&amp;#xE0;rrach gur i a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig &lt;i&gt;all trew Scottismennis leid&lt;/i&gt; (c&amp;#xE0;nan nam f&amp;#xEC;or Albannach gu l&amp;#xE8;ir) agus tha e ag r&amp;#xE0;dh gur d&amp;#xF2;cha gum biodh an Gall na bu riaraichte nam biodh e a’ fuireach ann an Sasainn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cha robh Bhaltar Ceanadach, a bha cli&amp;#xF9;mhor is ainmeil, &amp;#xE0; G&amp;#xE0;idhealtachd a’ chinn a tuath idir, ach &amp;#xE0;s a’ Charraig. Dh’fhan a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig be&amp;#xF2; anns an sg&amp;#xEC;re sin agus Gall-Gh&amp;#xE0;idhealaibh (theirear G&amp;#xE0;idhlig Ghall-Gh&amp;#xE0;idhealaibh ris an dualchainnt) fada &amp;#xE0;s d&amp;#xE8;idh dhi a dhol b&amp;#xE0;s anns a’ ch&amp;#xF2;rr de th&amp;#xEC;r-m&amp;#xF2;r ceann a deas na h-Alba; bha i fhathast air a bruidhinn an sin anns an 17mh linn. Mhair G&amp;#xE0;idhlig Arainn, a thathar a’ smaoineachadh a bha car coltach ri G&amp;#xE0;idhlig Ghall-Gh&amp;#xE0;idhealaibh, be&amp;#xF2; chun an fhicheadamh linn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha an d&amp;#xEC;-meas a bha am B&amp;#xE0;rrach a’ sealltainn do fhreumhan a’ Cheanadaich anns a’ Charraig (Siorrachd &amp;#xC0;ir) soilleir anns an earrainn a leanas:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table oucontent-s-normal oucontent-s-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table-wrapper"&gt;&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sic eloquence as thay in Erschry use,&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;In sic is sett thy thraward appetyte.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Thow hes full littill feill of fair indyte.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;I tak on me, ane pair of Lowthiane hippis&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Sall fairar Inglis mak and mair perfyte&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Than thow can blabbar with thy Carrik lippis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;Such eloquence as they in Irishry [Gaeldom] use&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Is what defines your perverse taste.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;You have very small aptitude for good verse-making.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;I'll wager, a pair of &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lothian"&gt;Lothian&lt;/a&gt; hips&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Shall fairer English make and more polished&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Than thou can blabber with thy &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrick,_Scotland"&gt;Carrick&lt;/a&gt; lips.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Aig deireadh an 16mh linn, thathar a’ smaoineachadh gun robh an d&amp;#xE0;rna leth de mhuinntir na h-Alba a’ fuireach gu tuath air Uisge Tatha agus nach robh ach a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig mar ch&amp;#xE0;nan aig cuid mhath dhiubh. Bha an cainnt, d&amp;#xF2;igh-beatha agus uaireannan an neo-dh&amp;#xEC;lseachd don r&amp;#xEC;gh ann an D&amp;#xF9;n &amp;#xC8;ideann na adhbhar gr&amp;#xE0;in do R&amp;#xEC;gh Seumas VI, agus th&amp;#xF2;isich esan air ro-innleachd airson a r&amp;#xEC;oghachd aonachadh le bhith ag atharrachadh muinntir na h-Alba gu sluagh aona-ch&amp;#xE0;nanach na Beurla. Rinn e oidhirp gus cumhachd nam fineachan G&amp;#xE0;idhealach a bhriseadh agus Goill a chur air fearann Gh&amp;#xE0;idheal. Cha robh e soirbheachail, ge-t&amp;#xE0;, ann an Le&amp;#xF2;dhas, far an do chuir muinntir an eilein an aghaidh buidheann air an robh The Fife Adventurers le str&amp;#xEC; is f&amp;#xF2;irneart.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#xC0;s d&amp;#xE8;idh aonadh Cr&amp;#xF9;intean Shasainn is na h-Alba ann an 1603, bha an r&amp;#xEC;gh (a-nise Seumas I Shasainn) ann an suidheachadh na bu l&amp;#xE0;idire airson a phoileasaidh gus a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig a chur &amp;#xE0; bith a choileanadh. Ann an Reachdas &amp;#xCC; (1609) thug e air cinn-chinnidh nam fineachan am mic a bu shine a chur gu sgoil air a’ Ghalltachd, agus tha &lt;a class="oucontent-crossref" href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-8"&gt;Achd na Comhairle Dh&amp;#xEC;omhair&lt;sup&gt; 3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt; air 10 D&amp;#xF9;bhlachd 1616 a’ foillseachadh a’ mhiann gum bi a’ &amp;#x2018;vulgar Inglishe toung &amp;#x2026; universallie plantit, and the Irische language &amp;#x2026; may be abolisheit and removeit’. Bha an Achd a’ brosnachadh st&amp;#xE8;idheachadh sgoiltean Beurla anns a h-uile paraiste, ge bith d&amp;#xE8; an c&amp;#xE0;nan a bhathar a’ bruidhinn annta.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chaidh a thomhas gun robh G&amp;#xE0;idhlig aig 290,000 duine, 23 &amp;#xE0;s a’ cheud de shluagh na h-Alba, ann an 1755. Bha e s&amp;#xEC;os beagan gu 254,000 ann an 1891 ach an uair sin, cha robh am figear a’ riochdachadh ach 6.8 &amp;#xE0;s a’ cheud de mhuinntir na d&amp;#xF9;thcha. Bha a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig air a dhol na mion-ch&amp;#xE0;nan gu n&amp;#xE0;iseanta ged a bha i l&amp;#xE0;idir fhathast gu h-ionadail ann am p&amp;#xE0;irtean dhen Gh&amp;#xE0;idhealtachd is na h-Eileanan.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-1.4</guid>
    <dc:title>1.4 Cruthachadh na Gàidhealtachd</dc:title><dc:identifier>Gaidhlig_1</dc:identifier><dc:description>&lt;p&gt;Aig deireadh an 15mh linn, bha an fheadhainn aig an robh Beurla na Galltachd air tòiseachadh air ‘Scottis’ a ghabhail air an cainnt, a’ sealltainn, ged a bha an cànan aca dlùth-chàirdeach do theanga an nàbannan ann an Sasainn, gun robh fèin-aithne Albannach aca. Ghabh a’ Bheurla Ghallta, no Albais mar a their mòran rithe an-diugh, agus a’ Ghàidhlig briathrachas bho chèile, mar a thachair le Albais is Lochlannais, agus Gàidhlig is Lochlannais.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S iad eisimpleirean de dh’fhaclan Gàidhlig a thàinig bho Albais &lt;i&gt;bodhaig&lt;/i&gt; (à bouk, corp), &lt;i&gt;dìg&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;eàrlas&lt;/i&gt; (à arles), &lt;i&gt;poca&lt;/i&gt; (à poke) agus &lt;i&gt;radan&lt;/i&gt; (à rattan). Am measg fhaclan ann an Albais a thàinig bhon Ghàidhlig tha &lt;i&gt;ben&lt;/i&gt; (beinn), &lt;i&gt;claymore&lt;/i&gt; (claidheamh mòr), &lt;i&gt;corrie&lt;/i&gt; (coire), &lt;i&gt;ghillie&lt;/i&gt; (gille), &lt;i&gt;kyle&lt;/i&gt; (caol), &lt;i&gt;machair&lt;/i&gt; agus &lt;i&gt;whisky&lt;/i&gt; (uisge-beatha).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ach, a dh’aindeoin ’s gun robh a’ Ghàidhlig na cànan tùsail aig rìoghachd na h-Alba, thòisich sgrìobhadairean Gallta air Irische no Ersch a ghabhail oirre. Chithear sin anns an dàn ainmeil dhùbhlanach ris an canar ‘Flyting of Dunbar and Kennedy’, a chaidh a sgrìobhadh ann an Albais timcheall air 1505, anns a bheil Uilleam Dunbar à Lodainn a’ magadh air Bhaltar Ceanadach, aig an robh Gàidhlig mar chiad chànan, airson a bhith &lt;i&gt;Heland&lt;/i&gt; agus na &lt;i&gt;Ersch Katherane&lt;/i&gt; (gu h-ìoranach a’ cleachdadh facal a fhuaras bhon Ghàidhlig). Air an làimh eile, tha an Ceanadach ag innse don Bhàrrach gur i a’ Ghàidhlig &lt;i&gt;all trew Scottismennis leid&lt;/i&gt; (cànan nam fìor Albannach gu lèir) agus tha e ag ràdh gur dòcha gum biodh an Gall na bu riaraichte nam biodh e a’ fuireach ann an Sasainn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cha robh Bhaltar Ceanadach, a bha cliùmhor is ainmeil, à Gàidhealtachd a’ chinn a tuath idir, ach às a’ Charraig. Dh’fhan a’ Ghàidhlig beò anns an sgìre sin agus Gall-Ghàidhealaibh (theirear Gàidhlig Ghall-Ghàidhealaibh ris an dualchainnt) fada às dèidh dhi a dhol bàs anns a’ chòrr de thìr-mòr ceann a deas na h-Alba; bha i fhathast air a bruidhinn an sin anns an 17mh linn. Mhair Gàidhlig Arainn, a thathar a’ smaoineachadh a bha car coltach ri Gàidhlig Ghall-Ghàidhealaibh, beò chun an fhicheadamh linn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha an dì-meas a bha am Bàrrach a’ sealltainn do fhreumhan a’ Cheanadaich anns a’ Charraig (Siorrachd Àir) soilleir anns an earrainn a leanas:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table oucontent-s-normal oucontent-s-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table-wrapper"&gt;&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sic eloquence as thay in Erschry use,&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;In sic is sett thy thraward appetyte.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Thow hes full littill feill of fair indyte.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;I tak on me, ane pair of Lowthiane hippis&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Sall fairar Inglis mak and mair perfyte&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Than thow can blabbar with thy Carrik lippis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;Such eloquence as they in Irishry [Gaeldom] use&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Is what defines your perverse taste.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;You have very small aptitude for good verse-making.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;I'll wager, a pair of &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lothian"&gt;Lothian&lt;/a&gt; hips&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Shall fairer English make and more polished&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Than thou can blabber with thy &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrick,_Scotland"&gt;Carrick&lt;/a&gt; lips.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Aig deireadh an 16mh linn, thathar a’ smaoineachadh gun robh an dàrna leth de mhuinntir na h-Alba a’ fuireach gu tuath air Uisge Tatha agus nach robh ach a’ Ghàidhlig mar chànan aig cuid mhath dhiubh. Bha an cainnt, dòigh-beatha agus uaireannan an neo-dhìlseachd don rìgh ann an Dùn Èideann na adhbhar gràin do Rìgh Seumas VI, agus thòisich esan air ro-innleachd airson a rìoghachd aonachadh le bhith ag atharrachadh muinntir na h-Alba gu sluagh aona-chànanach na Beurla. Rinn e oidhirp gus cumhachd nam fineachan Gàidhealach a bhriseadh agus Goill a chur air fearann Ghàidheal. Cha robh e soirbheachail, ge-tà, ann an Leòdhas, far an do chuir muinntir an eilein an aghaidh buidheann air an robh The Fife Adventurers le strì is fòirneart.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Às dèidh aonadh Crùintean Shasainn is na h-Alba ann an 1603, bha an rìgh (a-nise Seumas I Shasainn) ann an suidheachadh na bu làidire airson a phoileasaidh gus a’ Ghàidhlig a chur à bith a choileanadh. Ann an Reachdas Ì (1609) thug e air cinn-chinnidh nam fineachan am mic a bu shine a chur gu sgoil air a’ Ghalltachd, agus tha &lt;a class="oucontent-crossref" href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-8"&gt;Achd na Comhairle Dhìomhair&lt;sup&gt; 3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt; air 10 Dùbhlachd 1616 a’ foillseachadh a’ mhiann gum bi a’ ‘vulgar Inglishe toung … universallie plantit, and the Irische language … may be abolisheit and removeit’. Bha an Achd a’ brosnachadh stèidheachadh sgoiltean Beurla anns a h-uile paraiste, ge bith dè an cànan a bhathar a’ bruidhinn annta.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chaidh a thomhas gun robh Gàidhlig aig 290,000 duine, 23 às a’ cheud de shluagh na h-Alba, ann an 1755. Bha e sìos beagan gu 254,000 ann an 1891 ach an uair sin, cha robh am figear a’ riochdachadh ach 6.8 às a’ cheud de mhuinntir na dùthcha. Bha a’ Ghàidhlig air a dhol na mion-chànan gu nàiseanta ged a bha i làidir fhathast gu h-ionadail ann am pàirtean dhen Ghàidhealtachd is na h-Eileanan.&lt;/p&gt;</dc:description><dc:publisher>The Open University</dc:publisher><dc:creator>The Open University</dc:creator><dc:type>Course</dc:type><dc:format>text/html</dc:format><dc:language>en-GB</dc:language><dc:source>Cànan nan Gàidheal - Gaidhlig_1</dc:source><cc:license>Copyright © 2016 The Open University</cc:license></item>
    <item>
      <title>1.5 Creideamh</title>
      <link>https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-1.5</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;Leis gun deach a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig a chur a-mach &amp;#xE0; riaghaltas agus a’ chuid as motha de raointean poblach na d&amp;#xF9;thcha, bha an Eaglais gu math cudromach mar fhear de na h-&amp;#xF9;ghdarrasan n&amp;#xE0;iseanta far am bite a’ cleachdadh a’ ch&amp;#xE0;nain ann an suidheachadh &amp;#xE0;rd-chainnteach. Bhon 17mh linn a-mach, rinn an Eaglais oidhirp gus ministreachd Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig a chur an s&amp;#xE0;s air a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhealtachd, ged a bha duilgheadasan aca le gainnead mhinistearan.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ge-t&amp;#xE0;, bha m&amp;#xF2;ran le &amp;#xE0;rd-dhreuchdan air a’ Ghalltachd fada an aghaidh na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig agus chuireadh bacadh air eadar-theangachadh nan sgriobtaran don ch&amp;#xE0;nan. B’ e a’ chiad oidhirp an ath-bhualadh ann an 1690 dhen Bh&amp;#xEC;oball ann an G&amp;#xE0;idhlig na h-&amp;#xC8;ireann – ann an cl&amp;#xF2; R&amp;#xF2;manach, seach &amp;#xC8;ireannach. Cha robh seo uabhasach soirbheachail, ge-t&amp;#xE0;, oir bha a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig &amp;#xC8;ireannach Chlasaigeach anns a’ Bh&amp;#xEC;oball p&amp;#xEC;os math air falbh bho chainnt nan daoine &amp;#xE0;bhaisteach ann an Alba.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chuireadh cr&amp;#xEC;och air an Tiomnadh Nuadh Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig ann an 1767 agus rinneadh an Seann Tiomnadh ann an 1801, d&amp;#xE0; cheud bliadhna &amp;#xE0;s d&amp;#xE8;idh dhan Bh&amp;#xEC;oball nochdadh ann an Cuimris.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure oucontent-media-mini"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;amp;extra=thumbnailfigure_idm6122272" title="View larger image"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/d033756e/gaelic_1_fig003.small.jpg" alt="" style="max-width:289px;" class="oucontent-figure-image"/&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-thumbnaillink"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;amp;extra=thumbnailfigure_idm6122272"&gt;View larger image&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 6 Air taobh a-muigh Eaglais na h-Alba an Cill Fhinn an Siorrachd Pheairt tha carragh-cuimhne an Urr. Seumas Sti&amp;#xF9;bhart a dh’eadar-theangaich an Tiomnadh Nuadh gu G&amp;#xE0;idhlig.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a id="back_thumbnailfigure_idm6122272"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-1.5</guid>
    <dc:title>1.5 Creideamh</dc:title><dc:identifier>Gaidhlig_1</dc:identifier><dc:description>&lt;p&gt;Leis gun deach a’ Ghàidhlig a chur a-mach à riaghaltas agus a’ chuid as motha de raointean poblach na dùthcha, bha an Eaglais gu math cudromach mar fhear de na h-ùghdarrasan nàiseanta far am bite a’ cleachdadh a’ chànain ann an suidheachadh àrd-chainnteach. Bhon 17mh linn a-mach, rinn an Eaglais oidhirp gus ministreachd Ghàidhlig a chur an sàs air a’ Ghàidhealtachd, ged a bha duilgheadasan aca le gainnead mhinistearan.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ge-tà, bha mòran le àrd-dhreuchdan air a’ Ghalltachd fada an aghaidh na Gàidhlig agus chuireadh bacadh air eadar-theangachadh nan sgriobtaran don chànan. B’ e a’ chiad oidhirp an ath-bhualadh ann an 1690 dhen Bhìoball ann an Gàidhlig na h-Èireann – ann an clò Ròmanach, seach Èireannach. Cha robh seo uabhasach soirbheachail, ge-tà, oir bha a’ Ghàidhlig Èireannach Chlasaigeach anns a’ Bhìoball pìos math air falbh bho chainnt nan daoine àbhaisteach ann an Alba.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chuireadh crìoch air an Tiomnadh Nuadh Ghàidhlig ann an 1767 agus rinneadh an Seann Tiomnadh ann an 1801, dà cheud bliadhna às dèidh dhan Bhìoball nochdadh ann an Cuimris.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure oucontent-media-mini"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;extra=thumbnailfigure_idm6122272" title="View larger image"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/d033756e/gaelic_1_fig003.small.jpg" alt="" style="max-width:289px;" class="oucontent-figure-image"/&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-thumbnaillink"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;extra=thumbnailfigure_idm6122272"&gt;View larger image&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 6 Air taobh a-muigh Eaglais na h-Alba an Cill Fhinn an Siorrachd Pheairt tha carragh-cuimhne an Urr. Seumas Stiùbhart a dh’eadar-theangaich an Tiomnadh Nuadh gu Gàidhlig.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a id="back_thumbnailfigure_idm6122272"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</dc:description><dc:publisher>The Open University</dc:publisher><dc:creator>The Open University</dc:creator><dc:type>Course</dc:type><dc:format>text/html</dc:format><dc:language>en-GB</dc:language><dc:source>Cànan nan Gàidheal - Gaidhlig_1</dc:source><cc:license>Copyright © 2016 The Open University</cc:license></item>
    <item>
      <title>1.6 Foghlam</title>
      <link>https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-1.6</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;Chuir eilthireachd (an d&amp;#xE0; chuid saor-thoileach agus &amp;#xE8;iginneach) &amp;#xE0;s do dh’fh&amp;#xE0;s n&amp;#xE0;darrach sam bith a bh’ air a bhith ann an sluagh na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig. Dh’obraich siostam an fhoghlaim an aghaidh a’ ch&amp;#xE0;nain cuideachd. Bha &lt;a class="oucontent-crossref" href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-8"&gt;The Society in Scotland for the Propagation of Christian Knowledge&lt;sup&gt; 4&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, a chaidh a st&amp;#xE8;idheachadh ann an 1709, cudromach ann am foghlam Gh&amp;#xE0;idheal &amp;#xF2;ga tro na 18mh agus 19mh linntean. An toiseach, bha n&amp;#xE0;imhdeas m&amp;#xF2;r aca don ch&amp;#xE0;nan agus bha casg eadhon air labhairt na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig anns an raon-chluiche.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ann an 1750, dh’ iarr an Society air sgoilearan &amp;#x2018;either in the School house or when playing about the doors thereof to speak Earse [G&amp;#xE0;idhlig] on pain of being chastised and that the Schoolmasters appoint Censors to note down and report to the Schoolmaster such as transgress this rule’, ach ann an 1766 thug iad cead do leughadh ann an G&amp;#xE0;idhlig, leis an amas leughadh na Beurla a thoirt am feabhas am measg clann Gh&amp;#xE0;idhealach. Agus ann an 1825, len s&amp;#xF9;ilean fhathast air suidheachadh na Beurla a thoirt am feabhas, mhol iad gum biodh clann le G&amp;#xE0;idhlig &amp;#x2018;instead of being taught first to read English as has been Universally practiced throughout the Highlands, be taught first to read Gaelic’.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ge-ta, nuair a th&amp;#xE0;inig foghlam fo smachd na st&amp;#xE0;ite mar thoradh air Achd an Fhoghlaim (Alba) ann an 1872, bha a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig air fh&amp;#xE0;gail taobh a-muigh an t-siostaim fhoghlaim a dh’aona-ghnothach. Tha beachd Mhgr D Sime, Neach-sgr&amp;#xF9;daidh nan Sgoiltean ann an Ros, Gallaibh is Cataibh a’ riochdachadh d&amp;#xF2;igh-smaoineachaidh nan &amp;#xF9;ghdarrasan aig an &amp;#xE0;m. Ann an 1878, sgr&amp;#xEC;obh e, &amp;#x2018;I should regard the teaching of Gaelic in schools in any shape or form as a most serious misfortune.’&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ged a dh’aithnich achdan foghlaim an fhicheadamh linn gun robh c&amp;#xF2;ir aig a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig a bhith air a teagasg mar chuspair ann an &amp;#xE0;ireamh bheag sgoiltean, cha deach siostam foghlaim d&amp;#xE0;-ch&amp;#xE0;nanach ath-st&amp;#xE8;idheachadh riamh. Bhathar a’ dol a chumail na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig gu tur air an iomall agus, anns a’ mh&amp;#xF2;r mh&amp;#xF2;r-chuid de shiostam foghlaim na h-Alba, ’s e sin an suidheachadh a th’ aice fhathast.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mar thoradh air sin, tha inbhe is cli&amp;#xF9; na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig air s&amp;#xEC;or dhol nas &amp;#xEC;sle. Chan eil cuid mhath dhen t-sluagh fiosrachail mu &amp;#xE0;ite na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig mar ch&amp;#xE0;nan t&amp;#xF9;sail aig r&amp;#xEC;oghachd na h-Alba no gun robh i air a bruidhinn thar a’ chuid mh&amp;#xF2;r dhen d&amp;#xF9;thaich. Tha a’ chuid as motha de dh’Albannaich neo-chomasach air mapa na h-Alba a leughadh is a thuigsinn, oir tha c&amp;#xF2;rr is an d&amp;#xE0;rna leth dheth c&amp;#xF2;mhdaichte le ainmean-&amp;#xE0;ite G&amp;#xE0;idhlig.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dh’obraich droch shuidheachadh an fhoghlaim an co-bhuinn ri eaconamaidh thruagh agus call sluaigh air a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhealtachd gus &amp;#xE0;ireamh nan G&amp;#xE0;idheal a lughdachadh gu nas lugha na 100,000 ro dheireadh an 20mh linn. Mar beag-chuid a thaobh c&amp;#xE0;nain is cultair ann an d&amp;#xF9;thaich a th’ air tighinn fo mh&amp;#xF2;r-bhuaidh na Beurla, an c&amp;#xE0;nan as cumhachdaiche san t-saoghal airson conaltradh, saidheans is malairt, tha na G&amp;#xE0;idheil air a bhith dhen bheachd aig amannan gun robh m&amp;#xF2;ran ann an Alba neo-thaiceil dhaibh agus a’ coimhead s&amp;#xEC;os orra mar shluagh. Th&amp;#xE0;inig m&amp;#xF2;ran dhiubh fo bhuaidh a’ bheachd gun robh a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig ag obair an aghaidh adhartais, agus sguir iad bho bhith ga bruidhinn anns an dachaigh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ach tha gu le&amp;#xF2;r taobh a-staigh coimhearsnachd na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig, agus an luchd-taice air feadh Alba agus san t-saoghal mh&amp;#xF2;r, nach do thr&amp;#xE8;ig an seasamh nach i a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig a-mh&amp;#xE0;in mion-ch&amp;#xE0;nan a bhuineas don choimhearsnachd aca (agus mar sin a tha airidh air a h-&amp;#xE0;ite ann an d&amp;#xF9;thaich a tha mothachail do ch&amp;#xF2;raichean dhaoine), ach gu bheil i cuideachd na c&amp;#xE0;nan n&amp;#xE0;iseanta do dh’Alba. Bha tagradh na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig airson &amp;#xE0;ite daingnichte ann am beatha poblach na h-Alba air aithneachadh le P&amp;#xE0;rlamaid na h-Alba ann an 2005 nuair a chaidh &lt;a class="oucontent-crossref" href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-8"&gt;Achd na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig (Alba)&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt; tron Ph&amp;#xE0;rlamaid le taic aona-ghuthach. A r&amp;#xE8;ir na h-Achd, tha inbhe n&amp;#xE0;iseanta aig a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig mar &amp;#x2018;an official language of Scotland commanding equal respect to the English language’.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ged as e P&amp;#xE0;rlamaid na h-Alba a th’ air am pr&amp;#xEC;omh uallach a ghabhail airson leasachadh a’ ch&amp;#xE0;nain, chan eil an R&amp;#xEC;oghachd Aonaichte saor bho uallach air a son. ’S e an R&amp;#xEC;oghachd Aonaichte a chuir a h-ainm ris a’ Ch&amp;#xF9;mhant E&amp;#xF2;rpach airson Ch&amp;#xE0;nanan Roinneil is Mion-ch&amp;#xE0;nanan, agus tha sin a’ toirt oirre cuir an aghaidh rud sam bith a chuireadh seasmhachd no leasachadh na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig ann an Alba ann an cunnart. Tha e a’ tighinn gu aire nan G&amp;#xE0;idheal, barrachd is barrachd, gur e a th’ annta fear de mhion-shl&amp;#xF2;igh ann am m&amp;#xF2;r-th&amp;#xEC;r a tha l&amp;#xE0;n ch&amp;#xE0;nanan diofraichte, anns a bheil co-dhi&amp;#xF9; d&amp;#xE0; ch&amp;#xE0;nan aig a’ mh&amp;#xF2;r-chuid de dhaoine. Mar a thuigeas barrachd dhaoine ann an Alba gu bheil buannachdan inntinn, s&amp;#xF2;isealta is cultarail an cois ioma-ch&amp;#xE0;nanas, tha d&amp;#xF9;il gum f&amp;#xE0;s a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig nas tarraingiche do bharrachd dhaoine a bhuineas do dh’eugsamhlachd de dh&amp;#xF9;thchais.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-1.6</guid>
    <dc:title>1.6 Foghlam</dc:title><dc:identifier>Gaidhlig_1</dc:identifier><dc:description>&lt;p&gt;Chuir eilthireachd (an dà chuid saor-thoileach agus èiginneach) às do dh’fhàs nàdarrach sam bith a bh’ air a bhith ann an sluagh na Gàidhlig. Dh’obraich siostam an fhoghlaim an aghaidh a’ chànain cuideachd. Bha &lt;a class="oucontent-crossref" href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-8"&gt;The Society in Scotland for the Propagation of Christian Knowledge&lt;sup&gt; 4&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, a chaidh a stèidheachadh ann an 1709, cudromach ann am foghlam Ghàidheal òga tro na 18mh agus 19mh linntean. An toiseach, bha nàimhdeas mòr aca don chànan agus bha casg eadhon air labhairt na Gàidhlig anns an raon-chluiche.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ann an 1750, dh’ iarr an Society air sgoilearan ‘either in the School house or when playing about the doors thereof to speak Earse [Gàidhlig] on pain of being chastised and that the Schoolmasters appoint Censors to note down and report to the Schoolmaster such as transgress this rule’, ach ann an 1766 thug iad cead do leughadh ann an Gàidhlig, leis an amas leughadh na Beurla a thoirt am feabhas am measg clann Ghàidhealach. Agus ann an 1825, len sùilean fhathast air suidheachadh na Beurla a thoirt am feabhas, mhol iad gum biodh clann le Gàidhlig ‘instead of being taught first to read English as has been Universally practiced throughout the Highlands, be taught first to read Gaelic’.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ge-ta, nuair a thàinig foghlam fo smachd na stàite mar thoradh air Achd an Fhoghlaim (Alba) ann an 1872, bha a’ Ghàidhlig air fhàgail taobh a-muigh an t-siostaim fhoghlaim a dh’aona-ghnothach. Tha beachd Mhgr D Sime, Neach-sgrùdaidh nan Sgoiltean ann an Ros, Gallaibh is Cataibh a’ riochdachadh dòigh-smaoineachaidh nan ùghdarrasan aig an àm. Ann an 1878, sgrìobh e, ‘I should regard the teaching of Gaelic in schools in any shape or form as a most serious misfortune.’&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ged a dh’aithnich achdan foghlaim an fhicheadamh linn gun robh còir aig a’ Ghàidhlig a bhith air a teagasg mar chuspair ann an àireamh bheag sgoiltean, cha deach siostam foghlaim dà-chànanach ath-stèidheachadh riamh. Bhathar a’ dol a chumail na Gàidhlig gu tur air an iomall agus, anns a’ mhòr mhòr-chuid de shiostam foghlaim na h-Alba, ’s e sin an suidheachadh a th’ aice fhathast.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mar thoradh air sin, tha inbhe is cliù na Gàidhlig air sìor dhol nas ìsle. Chan eil cuid mhath dhen t-sluagh fiosrachail mu àite na Gàidhlig mar chànan tùsail aig rìoghachd na h-Alba no gun robh i air a bruidhinn thar a’ chuid mhòr dhen dùthaich. Tha a’ chuid as motha de dh’Albannaich neo-chomasach air mapa na h-Alba a leughadh is a thuigsinn, oir tha còrr is an dàrna leth dheth còmhdaichte le ainmean-àite Gàidhlig.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dh’obraich droch shuidheachadh an fhoghlaim an co-bhuinn ri eaconamaidh thruagh agus call sluaigh air a’ Ghàidhealtachd gus àireamh nan Gàidheal a lughdachadh gu nas lugha na 100,000 ro dheireadh an 20mh linn. Mar beag-chuid a thaobh cànain is cultair ann an dùthaich a th’ air tighinn fo mhòr-bhuaidh na Beurla, an cànan as cumhachdaiche san t-saoghal airson conaltradh, saidheans is malairt, tha na Gàidheil air a bhith dhen bheachd aig amannan gun robh mòran ann an Alba neo-thaiceil dhaibh agus a’ coimhead sìos orra mar shluagh. Thàinig mòran dhiubh fo bhuaidh a’ bheachd gun robh a’ Ghàidhlig ag obair an aghaidh adhartais, agus sguir iad bho bhith ga bruidhinn anns an dachaigh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ach tha gu leòr taobh a-staigh coimhearsnachd na Gàidhlig, agus an luchd-taice air feadh Alba agus san t-saoghal mhòr, nach do thrèig an seasamh nach i a’ Ghàidhlig a-mhàin mion-chànan a bhuineas don choimhearsnachd aca (agus mar sin a tha airidh air a h-àite ann an dùthaich a tha mothachail do chòraichean dhaoine), ach gu bheil i cuideachd na cànan nàiseanta do dh’Alba. Bha tagradh na Gàidhlig airson àite daingnichte ann am beatha poblach na h-Alba air aithneachadh le Pàrlamaid na h-Alba ann an 2005 nuair a chaidh &lt;a class="oucontent-crossref" href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-8"&gt;Achd na Gàidhlig (Alba)&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt; tron Phàrlamaid le taic aona-ghuthach. A rèir na h-Achd, tha inbhe nàiseanta aig a’ Ghàidhlig mar ‘an official language of Scotland commanding equal respect to the English language’.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ged as e Pàrlamaid na h-Alba a th’ air am prìomh uallach a ghabhail airson leasachadh a’ chànain, chan eil an Rìoghachd Aonaichte saor bho uallach air a son. ’S e an Rìoghachd Aonaichte a chuir a h-ainm ris a’ Chùmhant Eòrpach airson Chànanan Roinneil is Mion-chànanan, agus tha sin a’ toirt oirre cuir an aghaidh rud sam bith a chuireadh seasmhachd no leasachadh na Gàidhlig ann an Alba ann an cunnart. Tha e a’ tighinn gu aire nan Gàidheal, barrachd is barrachd, gur e a th’ annta fear de mhion-shlòigh ann am mòr-thìr a tha làn chànanan diofraichte, anns a bheil co-dhiù dà chànan aig a’ mhòr-chuid de dhaoine. Mar a thuigeas barrachd dhaoine ann an Alba gu bheil buannachdan inntinn, sòisealta is cultarail an cois ioma-chànanas, tha dùil gum fàs a’ Ghàidhlig nas tarraingiche do bharrachd dhaoine a bhuineas do dh’eugsamhlachd de dhùthchais.&lt;/p&gt;</dc:description><dc:publisher>The Open University</dc:publisher><dc:creator>The Open University</dc:creator><dc:type>Course</dc:type><dc:format>text/html</dc:format><dc:language>en-GB</dc:language><dc:source>Cànan nan Gàidheal - Gaidhlig_1</dc:source><cc:license>Copyright © 2016 The Open University</cc:license></item>
    <item>
      <title>2.1 Ro-r&amp;#xE0;dh</title>
      <link>https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-2.1</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;Bithear a’ comharrachadh Alba gu tric mar n&amp;#xE0;isean &amp;#x2018;Ceilteach’, feart a tha sa chumantas aice le n&amp;#xE0;iseanan beaga eile sna h-Eileanan Breatannach, gu s&amp;#xF2;nraichte &amp;#xC8;irinn agus a’ Chuimrigh. Bithear a’ smaoineachadh gu tric gu bheil &amp;#x2018;Ceilteach’ a’ buntainn ri t&amp;#xEC;r agus/no poilitigs, no eadhon feartan cinneachail. Ach ’s ann air c&amp;#xE0;nanan a tha &amp;#x2018;Ceilteach’ a-mach; tha e a’ buntainn ri c&amp;#xF2;mhlan de ch&amp;#xE0;nanan a tha c&amp;#xE0;irdeach do ch&amp;#xE8;ile.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Faodar &amp;#x2018;n&amp;#xE0;isean Ceilteach’ a ghabhail air Alba air s&amp;#xE0;illibh a dualchais ch&amp;#xE0;nanaich. Bha Cruithnis is Seann Bhreatannais Ceilteach, mar a tha a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig, an c&amp;#xE0;nan a bu mhotha, chanadh m&amp;#xF2;ran, a thug buaidh air f&amp;#xE8;in-aithne nan Albannach.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ach chan eil, is cha robh, a h-uile c&amp;#xE0;nan a bh’ air a bruidhinn ann an Alba Ceilteach. Buinidh Albais is Beurla do na c&amp;#xE0;nanan Gearmailteach, mar a bhuineadh an t-Seann Lochlannais. Anns an aonad seo, bheir sinn s&amp;#xF9;il air na c&amp;#xE0;nanan Ceilteach agus air an fh&amp;#xE8;in-aithne Cheilteach a tha be&amp;#xF2; fhathast ann an Alba agus d&amp;#xF9;thchannan eile.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-2.1</guid>
    <dc:title>2.1 Ro-ràdh</dc:title><dc:identifier>Gaidhlig_1</dc:identifier><dc:description>&lt;p&gt;Bithear a’ comharrachadh Alba gu tric mar nàisean ‘Ceilteach’, feart a tha sa chumantas aice le nàiseanan beaga eile sna h-Eileanan Breatannach, gu sònraichte Èirinn agus a’ Chuimrigh. Bithear a’ smaoineachadh gu tric gu bheil ‘Ceilteach’ a’ buntainn ri tìr agus/no poilitigs, no eadhon feartan cinneachail. Ach ’s ann air cànanan a tha ‘Ceilteach’ a-mach; tha e a’ buntainn ri còmhlan de chànanan a tha càirdeach do chèile.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Faodar ‘nàisean Ceilteach’ a ghabhail air Alba air sàillibh a dualchais chànanaich. Bha Cruithnis is Seann Bhreatannais Ceilteach, mar a tha a’ Ghàidhlig, an cànan a bu mhotha, chanadh mòran, a thug buaidh air fèin-aithne nan Albannach.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ach chan eil, is cha robh, a h-uile cànan a bh’ air a bruidhinn ann an Alba Ceilteach. Buinidh Albais is Beurla do na cànanan Gearmailteach, mar a bhuineadh an t-Seann Lochlannais. Anns an aonad seo, bheir sinn sùil air na cànanan Ceilteach agus air an fhèin-aithne Cheilteach a tha beò fhathast ann an Alba agus dùthchannan eile.&lt;/p&gt;</dc:description><dc:publisher>The Open University</dc:publisher><dc:creator>The Open University</dc:creator><dc:type>Course</dc:type><dc:format>text/html</dc:format><dc:language>en-GB</dc:language><dc:source>Cànan nan Gàidheal - Gaidhlig_1</dc:source><cc:license>Copyright © 2016 The Open University</cc:license></item>
    <item>
      <title>2.2 Leudachadh nan Ceilteach</title>
      <link>https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-2.2</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;Buinidh a’ mh&amp;#xF2;r-chuid de ch&amp;#xE0;nanan na Roinn E&amp;#xF2;rpa, a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig nam measg, do theaghlach ris an canar Indo-E&amp;#xF2;rpach; tha an t-ainm sin air oir tha e a’ gabhail a-steach a’ chuid as motha de theangannan ceann a deas &amp;#xC0;isia (ach a-mh&amp;#xE0;in ceann a deas nan Innseachan), a bharrachd air an Roinn E&amp;#xF2;rpa. Gus an do sgaoil iad gu m&amp;#xF2;r bhon 15mh linn a-mach, gu s&amp;#xF2;nraichte tro chruthachadh impireachdan, bha na c&amp;#xE0;nanan sin an &amp;#xEC;re mhath air am bruidhinn a-mh&amp;#xE0;in anns an Roinn E&amp;#xF2;rpa agus taobh an iar is ceann a deas &amp;#xC0;isia. A-nise tha iad air feadh an t-saoghail, le faisg air 3 billean neach-labhairt aig a bheil iad bho dh&amp;#xF9;thchas; tha iad a’ gabhail a-steach cuid de na c&amp;#xE0;nanan as motha aig a bheil sluagh, leithid Sp&amp;#xE0;inntis, Beurla, Hindi, Portaigeusais, Beangali, Ruiseanais, Gearmailtis is Fraingis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Taobh a-staigh an teaghlaich Indo-E&amp;#xF2;rpaich, tha grunn fo-bhuidhnean a tha e&amp;#xF2;laichean-c&amp;#xE0;nain ag aithneachadh. Mar eisimpleir, buinidh Beurla, D&amp;#xF9;itsis is Nirribhis don fo-bhuidhinn Ghearmailtich, buinidh Fraingis, Eadailtis is Sp&amp;#xE0;inntis don fo-bhuidhinn Eadailtich, agus thathar a’ comharrachadh Ruiseanais, Slobh&amp;#xE0;igianais agus P&amp;#xF2;lainnis mar ch&amp;#xE0;nanan Sl&amp;#xE0;bhach. ’S e t&amp;#xE8; de na fo-bhuidhnean Ceilteach, a tha a’ gabhail a-steach nan sia c&amp;#xE0;nanan Ceilteach a tha be&amp;#xF2; – G&amp;#xE0;idhlig, Gaeilge is G&amp;#xE0;idhlig Eilean Mhanainn, Cuimris, Breatannais is C&amp;#xF2;rnais – agus feadhainn nach do mhair, leithid Gallais, Galaitianais, Ib&amp;#xEC;oro-Cheilteis, Cruithnis agus Seann Bhreatannais.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:512px;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;amp;extra=thumbnailfigure_idm6100320" title="View larger image"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/f4aeb774/proto_indo_tree.small.jpg" alt="" style="max-width:512px;" class="oucontent-figure-image oucontent-media-wide"/&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-thumbnaillink"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;amp;extra=thumbnailfigure_idm6100320"&gt;View larger image&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 7 Aon mhodail de chraobh c&amp;#xE0;nain a’ sealltainn a’ ch&amp;#xE0;irdeis eadar pr&amp;#xEC;omh ch&amp;#xE0;nain na teaghlaich E&amp;#xF2;rpaich.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a id="back_thumbnailfigure_idm6100320"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha na Ceiltich a’ nochdadh ann an cl&amp;#xE0;r na h-eachdraidh an toiseach mu 500 RC, nuair a bha teacsaichean Greugach a-mach air daoine a bha a’ fuireach gu tuath orra mar Keltoi. Ann an Laideann, ’s e Celtae a chainte riutha – treubhan is n&amp;#xE0;iseanan a thathar a’ tuigsinn a-nise a bha a’ bruidhinn ch&amp;#xE0;nanan Ceilteach. ’S ann a-mh&amp;#xE0;in ri sl&amp;#xF2;igh a bha a’ fuireach air t&amp;#xEC;r-m&amp;#xF2;r na Roinn E&amp;#xF2;rpa a bha am facal a’ buntainn aig an &amp;#xEC;re sin.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S e an c&amp;#xE0;nanaiche Edward Lhuyd anns an 17mh linn a th&amp;#xF2;isich air Ceilteach [&amp;#x2018;Celtic’] a ghabhail air sl&amp;#xF2;igh a bhuineadh do Bhreatainn is &amp;#xC8;irinn. Rinn esan rannsachadh coimeasail air Cuimris, G&amp;#xE0;idhlig, Gaeilge, C&amp;#xF2;rnais agus Breatannais; dhaingnich e gun robh na c&amp;#xE0;nanan sin c&amp;#xE0;irdeach do ch&amp;#xE8;ile agus c&amp;#xE0;irdeach do sheann ch&amp;#xE0;nan marbh nan Gall air t&amp;#xEC;r-m&amp;#xF2;r na Roinn E&amp;#xF2;rpa a bha le cinnt Ceilteach.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mar eisimpleir tha am facal Gallais &lt;i&gt;mapos&lt;/i&gt; (&amp;#x2018;mac’) dl&amp;#xF9;th-ch&amp;#xE0;irdeach do &lt;i&gt;mab&lt;/i&gt; ann an Cuimris an latha an-diugh, a bharrachd air &lt;i&gt;mac&lt;/i&gt; ann an G&amp;#xE0;idhlig; tha am facal Gallais &lt;i&gt;tarvos&lt;/i&gt; (&amp;#x2018;tarbh’) dl&amp;#xF9;th-ch&amp;#xE0;irdeach do &lt;i&gt;tarw&lt;/i&gt; (Cuimris) agus &lt;i&gt;tarbh&lt;/i&gt; (G&amp;#xE0;idhlig).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Anns a’ chl&amp;#xE0;r a leanas chithear faclan ann an G&amp;#xE0;idhlig, Gaeilge, Cuimris is C&amp;#xF2;rnais a thathar a’ smaoineachadh a dh’&amp;#xE8;irich bhon aon t&amp;#xF9;s Cheilteach.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table oucontent-s-normal oucontent-s-box"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h3 oucontent-heading oucontent-nonumber"&gt;Cl&amp;#xE0;r 1 Faclan ann an G&amp;#xE0;idhlig, Gaeilge, Cuimris is C&amp;#xF2;rnais a thathar a’ smaoineachadh a dh’&amp;#xE8;irich bhon aon t&amp;#xF9;s Cheilteach&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table-wrapper"&gt;&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;G&amp;#xE0;idhlig&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Gaeilge&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Cuimris&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;C&amp;#xF2;rnais&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Beurla&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;aimsir&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;aimsir&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;amser&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td/&gt;&lt;td&gt;time, weather&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;anail&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;lan&amp;#xE1;i&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;anadl&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;anall&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;breath&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;cath&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;cath&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;cad&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;kas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;battle&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;caol&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;caol&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;cul&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;cul&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;slender&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;cn&amp;#xF2;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;cn&amp;#xF3;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;cneuen&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;know&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;nut&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;creamh&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;creamh&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;craf&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td/&gt;&lt;td&gt;wild garlic&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;c&amp;#xF9;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;c&amp;#xFA;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ci&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ki&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dog, hound&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;l&amp;#xE0;n&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;l&amp;#xE1;n&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;llawn&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;leun&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;full&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;roth&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;roth&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;rhod&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ros&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;wheel&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;taigh&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;teach&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ty&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ti&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;house&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;troigh&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;troigh&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;troed&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;troes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;foot&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cha robh Ceiltich t&amp;#xEC;r-m&amp;#xF2;r na Roinn E&amp;#xF2;rpa aonaichte gu poilitigeach – cha robh impireachd Cheilteach ann riamh – ach bha sl&amp;#xF2;igh, aig an robh c&amp;#xE0;nanan Ceilteach agus feartan cultarach sa chumantas eatarra, a’ fuireach thairis air p&amp;#xEC;os math dhen mh&amp;#xF2;r-th&amp;#xEC;r. Dh’fh&amp;#xE0;g iad gl&amp;#xE8; bheag de dh&amp;#xEC;leab sgr&amp;#xEC;obhte agus mar sin tha ar tuigse orra st&amp;#xE8;idhichte gu &amp;#xEC;re mh&amp;#xF2;r air na sgr&amp;#xEC;obh na Greugaich is R&amp;#xF2;manaich mun deidhinn, bho airce&amp;#xF2;las agus bho na h-ainmean-&amp;#xE0;ite a dh’fh&amp;#xE0;g iad &amp;#xE0;s an d&amp;#xE8;idh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S e a’ chiad chultar Ceilteach a nochdas, timcheall air an 8mh linn RC, Cultar Hallstatt, st&amp;#xE8;idhichte air na lorgadh faisg air baile beag Hallstatt anns an Ostair.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:512px;"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/48dbe34e/gaelic_1_gold_torque_1.jpg" alt="" width="512" height="414" style="max-width:512px;" class="oucontent-figure-image oucontent-media-wide"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-source-reference"&gt;Rosemania/Flickr&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 8 Torc &amp;#xF2;r, eisimpleir de chultar Hallstatt&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Fhuaradh lorg air fianais de chultar beartach le ceanglaichean malairt do dh&amp;#xF9;thchannan na Mara Meadhan-t&amp;#xEC;rich. Timcheall a’ 5mh linn RC, tha sinn a’ faicinn cultar &amp;#xF9;r ris an canar La T&amp;#xE8;ne, a chaidh ainmeachadh &amp;#xE0;s d&amp;#xE8;idh l&amp;#xE0;rach san Eilbheis far an do lorgadh stuth ann an cladhach airce&amp;#xF2;lach.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:450px;"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/c6c3654e/gaelic_1_fig006.jpg" alt="" width="450" height="217" style="max-width:450px;" class="oucontent-figure-image oucontent-media-wide"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 9 Eisimpleir de dh’ealain La T&amp;#xE8;ne&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bha seo Ceilteach cuideachd agus thathar a’ smaoineachadh gun robh e air a sgaoileadh na b’ fharsainge. Lorgadh obair-mheatailt de stoidhle La T&amp;#xE8;ne, mar eisimpleir, ann am Breatainn is &amp;#xC8;irinn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:421px;"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/cc7232af/gaelic_1_fig007.jpg" alt="" width="421" height="575" style="max-width:421px;" class="oucontent-figure-image oucontent-media-wide"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 10 Sg&amp;#xE0;than Romano-Ceilteach&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chan eil e cinnteach d&amp;#xE8; na c&amp;#xE0;nanan a bhathar a’ bruidhinn ann am Breatainn is &amp;#xC8;irinn aig an &amp;#xE0;m sin, ach tha d&amp;#xF9;il gun robh Ceilteis nam measg. Anns an 3mh linn RC, bha na Ceiltich rin lorg thairis air earrann mh&amp;#xF2;r de mh&amp;#xF2;r-th&amp;#xEC;r na h-E&amp;#xF2;rpa, eadar far a bheil a’ Phortagail an-diugh, gu ruige a’ Bheilg is a’ Ghearmailt, gu ceann a tuath na h-Eadailt, tro ghleann m&amp;#xF2;r an Dainiub agus eadhon cho fada ris an Tuirc.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:463px;"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/3a88f9db/gaelic_1_fig008.jpg" alt="" width="463" height="354" style="max-width:463px;" class="oucontent-figure-image oucontent-media-wide"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 11 Sgaoileadh nan c&amp;#xE0;nan Ceilteach tro mh&amp;#xF2;r-th&amp;#xEC;r na h-E&amp;#xF2;rpa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-2.2</guid>
    <dc:title>2.2 Leudachadh nan Ceilteach</dc:title><dc:identifier>Gaidhlig_1</dc:identifier><dc:description>&lt;p&gt;Buinidh a’ mhòr-chuid de chànanan na Roinn Eòrpa, a’ Ghàidhlig nam measg, do theaghlach ris an canar Indo-Eòrpach; tha an t-ainm sin air oir tha e a’ gabhail a-steach a’ chuid as motha de theangannan ceann a deas Àisia (ach a-mhàin ceann a deas nan Innseachan), a bharrachd air an Roinn Eòrpa. Gus an do sgaoil iad gu mòr bhon 15mh linn a-mach, gu sònraichte tro chruthachadh impireachdan, bha na cànanan sin an ìre mhath air am bruidhinn a-mhàin anns an Roinn Eòrpa agus taobh an iar is ceann a deas Àisia. A-nise tha iad air feadh an t-saoghail, le faisg air 3 billean neach-labhairt aig a bheil iad bho dhùthchas; tha iad a’ gabhail a-steach cuid de na cànanan as motha aig a bheil sluagh, leithid Spàinntis, Beurla, Hindi, Portaigeusais, Beangali, Ruiseanais, Gearmailtis is Fraingis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Taobh a-staigh an teaghlaich Indo-Eòrpaich, tha grunn fo-bhuidhnean a tha eòlaichean-cànain ag aithneachadh. Mar eisimpleir, buinidh Beurla, Dùitsis is Nirribhis don fo-bhuidhinn Ghearmailtich, buinidh Fraingis, Eadailtis is Spàinntis don fo-bhuidhinn Eadailtich, agus thathar a’ comharrachadh Ruiseanais, Slobhàigianais agus Pòlainnis mar chànanan Slàbhach. ’S e tè de na fo-bhuidhnean Ceilteach, a tha a’ gabhail a-steach nan sia cànanan Ceilteach a tha beò – Gàidhlig, Gaeilge is Gàidhlig Eilean Mhanainn, Cuimris, Breatannais is Còrnais – agus feadhainn nach do mhair, leithid Gallais, Galaitianais, Ibìoro-Cheilteis, Cruithnis agus Seann Bhreatannais.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:512px;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;extra=thumbnailfigure_idm6100320" title="View larger image"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/f4aeb774/proto_indo_tree.small.jpg" alt="" style="max-width:512px;" class="oucontent-figure-image oucontent-media-wide"/&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-thumbnaillink"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;extra=thumbnailfigure_idm6100320"&gt;View larger image&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 7 Aon mhodail de chraobh cànain a’ sealltainn a’ chàirdeis eadar prìomh chànain na teaghlaich Eòrpaich.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a id="back_thumbnailfigure_idm6100320"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha na Ceiltich a’ nochdadh ann an clàr na h-eachdraidh an toiseach mu 500 RC, nuair a bha teacsaichean Greugach a-mach air daoine a bha a’ fuireach gu tuath orra mar Keltoi. Ann an Laideann, ’s e Celtae a chainte riutha – treubhan is nàiseanan a thathar a’ tuigsinn a-nise a bha a’ bruidhinn chànanan Ceilteach. ’S ann a-mhàin ri slòigh a bha a’ fuireach air tìr-mòr na Roinn Eòrpa a bha am facal a’ buntainn aig an ìre sin.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S e an cànanaiche Edward Lhuyd anns an 17mh linn a thòisich air Ceilteach [‘Celtic’] a ghabhail air slòigh a bhuineadh do Bhreatainn is Èirinn. Rinn esan rannsachadh coimeasail air Cuimris, Gàidhlig, Gaeilge, Còrnais agus Breatannais; dhaingnich e gun robh na cànanan sin càirdeach do chèile agus càirdeach do sheann chànan marbh nan Gall air tìr-mòr na Roinn Eòrpa a bha le cinnt Ceilteach.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mar eisimpleir tha am facal Gallais &lt;i&gt;mapos&lt;/i&gt; (‘mac’) dlùth-chàirdeach do &lt;i&gt;mab&lt;/i&gt; ann an Cuimris an latha an-diugh, a bharrachd air &lt;i&gt;mac&lt;/i&gt; ann an Gàidhlig; tha am facal Gallais &lt;i&gt;tarvos&lt;/i&gt; (‘tarbh’) dlùth-chàirdeach do &lt;i&gt;tarw&lt;/i&gt; (Cuimris) agus &lt;i&gt;tarbh&lt;/i&gt; (Gàidhlig).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Anns a’ chlàr a leanas chithear faclan ann an Gàidhlig, Gaeilge, Cuimris is Còrnais a thathar a’ smaoineachadh a dh’èirich bhon aon tùs Cheilteach.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table oucontent-s-normal oucontent-s-box"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h3 oucontent-heading oucontent-nonumber"&gt;Clàr 1 Faclan ann an Gàidhlig, Gaeilge, Cuimris is Còrnais a thathar a’ smaoineachadh a dh’èirich bhon aon tùs Cheilteach&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table-wrapper"&gt;&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Gàidhlig&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Gaeilge&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Cuimris&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Còrnais&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Beurla&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;aimsir&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;aimsir&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;amser&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td/&gt;&lt;td&gt;time, weather&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;anail&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;lanái&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;anadl&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;anall&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;breath&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;cath&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;cath&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;cad&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;kas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;battle&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;caol&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;caol&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;cul&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;cul&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;slender&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;cnò&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;cnó&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;cneuen&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;know&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;nut&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;creamh&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;creamh&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;craf&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td/&gt;&lt;td&gt;wild garlic&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;cù&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;cú&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ci&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ki&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dog, hound&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;làn&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;lán&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;llawn&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;leun&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;full&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;roth&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;roth&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;rhod&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ros&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;wheel&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;taigh&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;teach&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ty&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ti&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;house&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;troigh&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;troigh&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;troed&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;troes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;foot&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cha robh Ceiltich tìr-mòr na Roinn Eòrpa aonaichte gu poilitigeach – cha robh impireachd Cheilteach ann riamh – ach bha slòigh, aig an robh cànanan Ceilteach agus feartan cultarach sa chumantas eatarra, a’ fuireach thairis air pìos math dhen mhòr-thìr. Dh’fhàg iad glè bheag de dhìleab sgrìobhte agus mar sin tha ar tuigse orra stèidhichte gu ìre mhòr air na sgrìobh na Greugaich is Ròmanaich mun deidhinn, bho airceòlas agus bho na h-ainmean-àite a dh’fhàg iad às an dèidh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S e a’ chiad chultar Ceilteach a nochdas, timcheall air an 8mh linn RC, Cultar Hallstatt, stèidhichte air na lorgadh faisg air baile beag Hallstatt anns an Ostair.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:512px;"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/48dbe34e/gaelic_1_gold_torque_1.jpg" alt="" width="512" height="414" style="max-width:512px;" class="oucontent-figure-image oucontent-media-wide"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-source-reference"&gt;Rosemania/Flickr&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 8 Torc òr, eisimpleir de chultar Hallstatt&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Fhuaradh lorg air fianais de chultar beartach le ceanglaichean malairt do dhùthchannan na Mara Meadhan-tìrich. Timcheall a’ 5mh linn RC, tha sinn a’ faicinn cultar ùr ris an canar La Tène, a chaidh ainmeachadh às dèidh làrach san Eilbheis far an do lorgadh stuth ann an cladhach airceòlach.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:450px;"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/c6c3654e/gaelic_1_fig006.jpg" alt="" width="450" height="217" style="max-width:450px;" class="oucontent-figure-image oucontent-media-wide"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 9 Eisimpleir de dh’ealain La Tène&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bha seo Ceilteach cuideachd agus thathar a’ smaoineachadh gun robh e air a sgaoileadh na b’ fharsainge. Lorgadh obair-mheatailt de stoidhle La Tène, mar eisimpleir, ann am Breatainn is Èirinn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:421px;"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/cc7232af/gaelic_1_fig007.jpg" alt="" width="421" height="575" style="max-width:421px;" class="oucontent-figure-image oucontent-media-wide"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 10 Sgàthan Romano-Ceilteach&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chan eil e cinnteach dè na cànanan a bhathar a’ bruidhinn ann am Breatainn is Èirinn aig an àm sin, ach tha dùil gun robh Ceilteis nam measg. Anns an 3mh linn RC, bha na Ceiltich rin lorg thairis air earrann mhòr de mhòr-thìr na h-Eòrpa, eadar far a bheil a’ Phortagail an-diugh, gu ruige a’ Bheilg is a’ Ghearmailt, gu ceann a tuath na h-Eadailt, tro ghleann mòr an Dainiub agus eadhon cho fada ris an Tuirc.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:463px;"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/3a88f9db/gaelic_1_fig008.jpg" alt="" width="463" height="354" style="max-width:463px;" class="oucontent-figure-image oucontent-media-wide"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 11 Sgaoileadh nan cànan Ceilteach tro mhòr-thìr na h-Eòrpa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</dc:description><dc:publisher>The Open University</dc:publisher><dc:creator>The Open University</dc:creator><dc:type>Course</dc:type><dc:format>text/html</dc:format><dc:language>en-GB</dc:language><dc:source>Cànan nan Gàidheal - Gaidhlig_1</dc:source><cc:license>Copyright © 2016 The Open University</cc:license></item>
    <item>
      <title>2.3 Ainmean-&amp;#xE0;ite Ceilteach</title>
      <link>https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-2.3</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;Tha cl&amp;#xE0;ran eachdraidheil ainmean threubhan is &amp;#xE0;iteachan a’ toirt fianais l&amp;#xE0;idir dhuinn mu sgaoileadh nan c&amp;#xE0;nanan Ceilteach. Mar eisimpleir gheibhear lorg air &lt;i&gt;dunum&lt;/i&gt; no &lt;i&gt;dunon&lt;/i&gt; &amp;#x2018;d&amp;#xF9;n’ ann an &lt;i&gt;Lugdunum&lt;/i&gt; (a-nise Lyons san Fhraing agus Leyden san &amp;#xD2;laind), &lt;i&gt;Camulodunum&lt;/i&gt; (a-nise Colchester, Sasainn), &lt;i&gt;Kambodunon&lt;/i&gt; (Kempten sa Ghearmailt), &lt;i&gt;Minnodunum&lt;/i&gt; (Moudon san Eilbheis), &lt;i&gt;Lugidunum&lt;/i&gt; (Legnica sa Ph&amp;#xF2;lainn) agus &lt;i&gt;Singidunum&lt;/i&gt; (a-nise Belgrade, Serbia). Tha cuideachd cl&amp;#xE0;r againn bhon 2na linn AC de &lt;i&gt;Tarvedu(nu)m&lt;/i&gt; &amp;#x2018;d&amp;#xF9;n tairbh’ ann am f&amp;#xEC;or cheann a tuath na h-Alba, a thathar a’ smaoineachadh a bha a’ riochdachadh Ceann D&amp;#xF9;naid ann an Gallaibh. Ged a tha cuid mhath de na h-ainmean seo air a dhol &amp;#xE0; bith ann an cleachdadh l&amp;#xE0;itheil, tha iad fhathast be&amp;#xF2; ann an d&amp;#xF9;thchannan far a bheilear a’ bruidhinn ch&amp;#xE0;nanan Ceilteach fhathast. Ann an Alba chithear eisimpleirean mar D&amp;#xF9;n D&amp;#xE8;, D&amp;#xF9;n Ph&amp;#xE0;rlain agus D&amp;#xF9;n Gabhail.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha ainmean t&amp;#xEC;re le &lt;i&gt;Gal&lt;/i&gt;- annta a’ comharrachadh &amp;#xE0;iteachan a bha fo smachd Cheilteach, oir b’ e facal eile a bh’ aig na Greugaich airson nan Ceilteach &lt;i&gt;Galatae&lt;/i&gt;; bha na R&amp;#xF2;manaich a-mach air &lt;i&gt;Galli&lt;/i&gt;. Tha &lt;i&gt;Galicia&lt;/i&gt; an d&amp;#xE0; chuid ann an ceann an iar-thuath na Sp&amp;#xE0;innt agus air a’ chr&amp;#xEC;ch eadar Ugr&amp;#xE0;in agus a’ Ph&amp;#xF2;lainn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure oucontent-media-mini"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/aa50587b/gaelic_1_fig010.jpg" alt="" width="129" height="454" style="max-width:129px;" class="oucontent-figure-image"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 12 Eisimpleir de Stele Ceilteach&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha am buadhair &amp;#x2018;Gallic’, a’ ciallachadh Frangach, a’ comharrachadh mar a dh’&amp;#xE8;irich an d&amp;#xF9;thaich sin &amp;#xE0; &lt;i&gt;Gaul&lt;/i&gt; (gu h-inntinneach, bha am facal G&amp;#xE0;idhlig &lt;i&gt;Gall&lt;/i&gt; o th&amp;#xF9;s a’ ciallachadh cuideigin &amp;#xE0; Gaul). Tha dualchas &amp;#xE0;rsaidh Ceilteach aig &lt;i&gt;Galaitia&lt;/i&gt; ann am meadhan na Tuirc, a dh’&amp;#xE8;irich bho imrich Cheilteach &amp;#xE0; meadhan gleann na Dainiub gu ruige Masad&amp;#xF2;nia agus a’ Ghr&amp;#xE8;ig anns an 3mh linn RC. Fhuair na miltean de na Ceiltich seo, an d&amp;#xE0; chuid &amp;#xE0;rmainn agus an teaghlaichean, cuireadh a dhol an s&amp;#xE0;s ann an str&amp;#xEC; ann an Anatolia; &amp;#xE0;s d&amp;#xE8;idh l&amp;#xE0;imh, dh’fhuirich iad ann. Tha na Galaitianaich ainmeil airson a bhith a’ faighinn litir bhon Abstol P&amp;#xF2;l, a tha a-nise na Leabhar anns a’ Bh&amp;#xEC;oball. Cho fada air adhart ris an 4mh linn AC, sgr&amp;#xEC;obh an Naomh Jerome gun robh an aon ch&amp;#xE0;nan aca ri daoine a bhuineadh do sg&amp;#xEC;re Abhainn Rinn anns a’ Ghearmailt.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:450px;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;amp;extra=thumbnailfigure_idm6033872" title="View larger image"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/408bf47b/gaelic_1_fig011.small.jpg" alt="" style="max-width:450px;" class="oucontent-figure-image oucontent-media-wide"/&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-thumbnaillink"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;amp;extra=thumbnailfigure_idm6033872"&gt;View larger image&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 13 Tha &amp;#x2018;An Gall a’ B&amp;#xE0;sachadh’, &amp;#xEC;omhaigh R&amp;#xF2;manach st&amp;#xE8;idhichte air &amp;#xEC;omhaigh umha Greugach, a’ sealltainn gaisgeach Galaitianach. Mar Cheiltich eile, cha bhiodh aodach air na Galaitianaich nuair a rachadh iad ri aghaidh bl&amp;#xE0;ir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a id="back_thumbnailfigure_idm6033872"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-2.3</guid>
    <dc:title>2.3 Ainmean-àite Ceilteach</dc:title><dc:identifier>Gaidhlig_1</dc:identifier><dc:description>&lt;p&gt;Tha clàran eachdraidheil ainmean threubhan is àiteachan a’ toirt fianais làidir dhuinn mu sgaoileadh nan cànanan Ceilteach. Mar eisimpleir gheibhear lorg air &lt;i&gt;dunum&lt;/i&gt; no &lt;i&gt;dunon&lt;/i&gt; ‘dùn’ ann an &lt;i&gt;Lugdunum&lt;/i&gt; (a-nise Lyons san Fhraing agus Leyden san Òlaind), &lt;i&gt;Camulodunum&lt;/i&gt; (a-nise Colchester, Sasainn), &lt;i&gt;Kambodunon&lt;/i&gt; (Kempten sa Ghearmailt), &lt;i&gt;Minnodunum&lt;/i&gt; (Moudon san Eilbheis), &lt;i&gt;Lugidunum&lt;/i&gt; (Legnica sa Phòlainn) agus &lt;i&gt;Singidunum&lt;/i&gt; (a-nise Belgrade, Serbia). Tha cuideachd clàr againn bhon 2na linn AC de &lt;i&gt;Tarvedu(nu)m&lt;/i&gt; ‘dùn tairbh’ ann am fìor cheann a tuath na h-Alba, a thathar a’ smaoineachadh a bha a’ riochdachadh Ceann Dùnaid ann an Gallaibh. Ged a tha cuid mhath de na h-ainmean seo air a dhol à bith ann an cleachdadh làitheil, tha iad fhathast beò ann an dùthchannan far a bheilear a’ bruidhinn chànanan Ceilteach fhathast. Ann an Alba chithear eisimpleirean mar Dùn Dè, Dùn Phàrlain agus Dùn Gabhail.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha ainmean tìre le &lt;i&gt;Gal&lt;/i&gt;- annta a’ comharrachadh àiteachan a bha fo smachd Cheilteach, oir b’ e facal eile a bh’ aig na Greugaich airson nan Ceilteach &lt;i&gt;Galatae&lt;/i&gt;; bha na Ròmanaich a-mach air &lt;i&gt;Galli&lt;/i&gt;. Tha &lt;i&gt;Galicia&lt;/i&gt; an dà chuid ann an ceann an iar-thuath na Spàinnt agus air a’ chrìch eadar Ugràin agus a’ Phòlainn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure oucontent-media-mini"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/aa50587b/gaelic_1_fig010.jpg" alt="" width="129" height="454" style="max-width:129px;" class="oucontent-figure-image"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 12 Eisimpleir de Stele Ceilteach&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha am buadhair ‘Gallic’, a’ ciallachadh Frangach, a’ comharrachadh mar a dh’èirich an dùthaich sin à &lt;i&gt;Gaul&lt;/i&gt; (gu h-inntinneach, bha am facal Gàidhlig &lt;i&gt;Gall&lt;/i&gt; o thùs a’ ciallachadh cuideigin à Gaul). Tha dualchas àrsaidh Ceilteach aig &lt;i&gt;Galaitia&lt;/i&gt; ann am meadhan na Tuirc, a dh’èirich bho imrich Cheilteach à meadhan gleann na Dainiub gu ruige Masadònia agus a’ Ghrèig anns an 3mh linn RC. Fhuair na miltean de na Ceiltich seo, an dà chuid àrmainn agus an teaghlaichean, cuireadh a dhol an sàs ann an strì ann an Anatolia; às dèidh làimh, dh’fhuirich iad ann. Tha na Galaitianaich ainmeil airson a bhith a’ faighinn litir bhon Abstol Pòl, a tha a-nise na Leabhar anns a’ Bhìoball. Cho fada air adhart ris an 4mh linn AC, sgrìobh an Naomh Jerome gun robh an aon chànan aca ri daoine a bhuineadh do sgìre Abhainn Rinn anns a’ Ghearmailt.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:450px;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;extra=thumbnailfigure_idm6033872" title="View larger image"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/408bf47b/gaelic_1_fig011.small.jpg" alt="" style="max-width:450px;" class="oucontent-figure-image oucontent-media-wide"/&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-thumbnaillink"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;extra=thumbnailfigure_idm6033872"&gt;View larger image&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 13 Tha ‘An Gall a’ Bàsachadh’, ìomhaigh Ròmanach stèidhichte air ìomhaigh umha Greugach, a’ sealltainn gaisgeach Galaitianach. Mar Cheiltich eile, cha bhiodh aodach air na Galaitianaich nuair a rachadh iad ri aghaidh blàir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a id="back_thumbnailfigure_idm6033872"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</dc:description><dc:publisher>The Open University</dc:publisher><dc:creator>The Open University</dc:creator><dc:type>Course</dc:type><dc:format>text/html</dc:format><dc:language>en-GB</dc:language><dc:source>Cànan nan Gàidheal - Gaidhlig_1</dc:source><cc:license>Copyright © 2016 The Open University</cc:license></item>
    <item>
      <title>2.4 Na Ceiltich Eileanach</title>
      <link>https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-2.4</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;Tr&amp;#xE0;th sa chiad mh&amp;#xEC;le bliadhna AC, th&amp;#xE0;inig na c&amp;#xE0;nanan Ceilteach m&amp;#xF2;r-th&amp;#xEC;reach fo bhuaidh ch&amp;#xE0;nanan eile, gu s&amp;#xF2;nraichte Laideann nan R&amp;#xF2;manach, agus mu 500 AC, bha eadhon Gallais, a bha uaireigin air a bhith cho l&amp;#xE0;idir, an &amp;#xEC;re mhath air a dhol &amp;#xE0; bith. Ann am Breatainn is &amp;#xC8;irinn, ge-t&amp;#xE0;, bha c&amp;#xE0;nanan is cultaran Ceilteach fhathast be&amp;#xF2; is beothail. ’S e Ceilteis Eileanach a chanar ris a’ bhuidhinn seo, &amp;#xE0;s a bheil a h-uile c&amp;#xE0;nan Ceilteach a th’ againn an-diugh air &amp;#xE8;irigh (eadhon t&amp;#xE8; na Breatainne Bige).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure oucontent-media-mini"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/4b705301/gaelic_1_fig012.jpg" alt="" width="166" height="320" style="max-width:166px;" class="oucontent-figure-image"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 14 Mapa a’ sealltainn d&amp;#xF9;thchannan Ceilteach an latha an-diugh – Alba, &amp;#xC8;irinn, Eilean Mhanainn, A’ Chuimrigh, A’ Ch&amp;#xF2;rn agus A’ Bhreatainn Bhig. Tha a c&amp;#xE0;nan fh&amp;#xE8;in aig gach t&amp;#xE8; dhiubh. Tha iad uile air an se&amp;#xF2;rsachadh mar c&amp;#xE0;nain Ceilteach Eileanach, fi&amp;#xF9; ’s c&amp;#xE0;nan na Breatainne Bige a thug tuinichean &amp;#xE0; Breatainn gu ruige Armoraca.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Eadhon aig an &amp;#xEC;re seo, bha eugsamhlachd taobh a-staigh Ceilteis Eileanach. &amp;#xC0; sinnsear te&amp;#xF2;ridheach ris an canar T&amp;#xF9;s-Cheilteis, bha d&amp;#xE0; bhuidhinn air a thighinn gu bith – &lt;a class="oucontent-crossref" href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-8"&gt;P-Ceilteach&lt;/a&gt; (no Brythonic) agus &lt;a class="oucontent-crossref" href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-8"&gt;Q-Ceilteach (no Goidelic)&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. Tha na h-ainmean P- agus Q- st&amp;#xE8;idhichte air mar a dh&amp;#xE8;ilig gach buidheann ris an t-seann fhuaim &amp;#x2018;Q’ ann an T&amp;#xF9;s-Cheilteis. Rinn an luchd-labhairt Goidelic s&amp;#xEC;mpleachadh air sin gu &amp;#x2018;c’, fhad ’s a bha na Ceiltich Brythonic ga leasachadh gu fuaim &amp;#x2018;p’. Bha gach meur de Cheilteis Eileanach air a riochdachadh, an d&amp;#xE0; chuid ann an &amp;#xC8;irinn is Breatainn, ach ’s e luchd-labhairt Goidelic a bha anns a’ mh&amp;#xF2;r-chuid ann an &amp;#xC8;irinn, le luchd-labhairt Brythonic sa mh&amp;#xF2;r-chuid ann am Breatainn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chithear an sgaradh m&amp;#xF2;r sin taobh a-staigh nan c&amp;#xE0;nanan Ceilteach fhathast an-diugh. Tha an fheadhainn Brythonic – Cuimris, C&amp;#xF2;rnais is Breatannais – car coltach ri ch&amp;#xE8;ile, a’ leigeil le luchd-labhairt aon ch&amp;#xE0;nain beagan dhen fheadhainn eile a thuigsinn. Tha e mar an ceudna do na c&amp;#xE0;nanan Goidelic – G&amp;#xE0;idhlig, Gaeilge is G&amp;#xE0;idhlig Eilean Mhanainn (Gaelg); faodaidh neach a tha fileanta ann an G&amp;#xE0;idhlig na h-Alba, mar eisimpleir, bunaitean de ch&amp;#xF2;mhradh ann an G&amp;#xE0;idhlig na h-&amp;#xC8;ireann a thuigsinn. Eadhon ri linn Chaluim Chille (6mh linn AC), ge-t&amp;#xE0;, bha feum air eadar-theangair airson c&amp;#xF2;mhradh a bhith ann eadar an naomh agus r&amp;#xEC;gh Cruithneach: bha c&amp;#xE0;nan Q-Ceilteach aig Calum Cille agus bha t&amp;#xE8; P-Ceilteach aig na Cruithnich.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chithear diofar eadar an d&amp;#xE0; bhuidhinn ann am faclan a thathar a’ cleachdadh fhathast ann an c&amp;#xE0;nanan Ceilteach. Mar eisimpleir tha an Goidelic &lt;i&gt;mac&lt;/i&gt; co-ionann ris a’ Bhrythonic &lt;i&gt;map&lt;/i&gt;, agus tha an Goidelic &lt;i&gt;ceann&lt;/i&gt; co-ionann ris a’ Bhrythonic &lt;i&gt;pen&lt;/i&gt;. Seo eisimpleirean eile, a’ cleachdadh fhaclan Cuimreach agus G&amp;#xE0;idhlig mar eisimpleirean:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table oucontent-s-normal oucontent-s-box"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h3 oucontent-heading oucontent-nonumber"&gt;Cl&amp;#xE0;r 2 Coimeas eadar faclan Goidelic agus Brythonic thathar a’ cleachdadh fhathast ann an c&amp;#xE0;nanan Ceilteach&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table-wrapper"&gt;&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Cuimris (Brythonic/P-Ceilteach)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;G&amp;#xE0;idhlig (Goidelic/Q-Ceilteach)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Beurla&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;pa&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ciod&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;What&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;pair&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;coire&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;cauldron&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;plant&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;clann&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;children&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;pump&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;c&amp;#xF2;ig&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;five&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;pwy&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;c&amp;#xF2;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;who&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-2.4</guid>
    <dc:title>2.4 Na Ceiltich Eileanach</dc:title><dc:identifier>Gaidhlig_1</dc:identifier><dc:description>&lt;p&gt;Tràth sa chiad mhìle bliadhna AC, thàinig na cànanan Ceilteach mòr-thìreach fo bhuaidh chànanan eile, gu sònraichte Laideann nan Ròmanach, agus mu 500 AC, bha eadhon Gallais, a bha uaireigin air a bhith cho làidir, an ìre mhath air a dhol à bith. Ann am Breatainn is Èirinn, ge-tà, bha cànanan is cultaran Ceilteach fhathast beò is beothail. ’S e Ceilteis Eileanach a chanar ris a’ bhuidhinn seo, às a bheil a h-uile cànan Ceilteach a th’ againn an-diugh air èirigh (eadhon tè na Breatainne Bige).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure oucontent-media-mini"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/4b705301/gaelic_1_fig012.jpg" alt="" width="166" height="320" style="max-width:166px;" class="oucontent-figure-image"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 14 Mapa a’ sealltainn dùthchannan Ceilteach an latha an-diugh – Alba, Èirinn, Eilean Mhanainn, A’ Chuimrigh, A’ Chòrn agus A’ Bhreatainn Bhig. Tha a cànan fhèin aig gach tè dhiubh. Tha iad uile air an seòrsachadh mar cànain Ceilteach Eileanach, fiù ’s cànan na Breatainne Bige a thug tuinichean à Breatainn gu ruige Armoraca.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Eadhon aig an ìre seo, bha eugsamhlachd taobh a-staigh Ceilteis Eileanach. À sinnsear teòridheach ris an canar Tùs-Cheilteis, bha dà bhuidhinn air a thighinn gu bith – &lt;a class="oucontent-crossref" href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-8"&gt;P-Ceilteach&lt;/a&gt; (no Brythonic) agus &lt;a class="oucontent-crossref" href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-8"&gt;Q-Ceilteach (no Goidelic)&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. Tha na h-ainmean P- agus Q- stèidhichte air mar a dhèilig gach buidheann ris an t-seann fhuaim ‘Q’ ann an Tùs-Cheilteis. Rinn an luchd-labhairt Goidelic sìmpleachadh air sin gu ‘c’, fhad ’s a bha na Ceiltich Brythonic ga leasachadh gu fuaim ‘p’. Bha gach meur de Cheilteis Eileanach air a riochdachadh, an dà chuid ann an Èirinn is Breatainn, ach ’s e luchd-labhairt Goidelic a bha anns a’ mhòr-chuid ann an Èirinn, le luchd-labhairt Brythonic sa mhòr-chuid ann am Breatainn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chithear an sgaradh mòr sin taobh a-staigh nan cànanan Ceilteach fhathast an-diugh. Tha an fheadhainn Brythonic – Cuimris, Còrnais is Breatannais – car coltach ri chèile, a’ leigeil le luchd-labhairt aon chànain beagan dhen fheadhainn eile a thuigsinn. Tha e mar an ceudna do na cànanan Goidelic – Gàidhlig, Gaeilge is Gàidhlig Eilean Mhanainn (Gaelg); faodaidh neach a tha fileanta ann an Gàidhlig na h-Alba, mar eisimpleir, bunaitean de chòmhradh ann an Gàidhlig na h-Èireann a thuigsinn. Eadhon ri linn Chaluim Chille (6mh linn AC), ge-tà, bha feum air eadar-theangair airson còmhradh a bhith ann eadar an naomh agus rìgh Cruithneach: bha cànan Q-Ceilteach aig Calum Cille agus bha tè P-Ceilteach aig na Cruithnich.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chithear diofar eadar an dà bhuidhinn ann am faclan a thathar a’ cleachdadh fhathast ann an cànanan Ceilteach. Mar eisimpleir tha an Goidelic &lt;i&gt;mac&lt;/i&gt; co-ionann ris a’ Bhrythonic &lt;i&gt;map&lt;/i&gt;, agus tha an Goidelic &lt;i&gt;ceann&lt;/i&gt; co-ionann ris a’ Bhrythonic &lt;i&gt;pen&lt;/i&gt;. Seo eisimpleirean eile, a’ cleachdadh fhaclan Cuimreach agus Gàidhlig mar eisimpleirean:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table oucontent-s-normal oucontent-s-box"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h3 oucontent-heading oucontent-nonumber"&gt;Clàr 2 Coimeas eadar faclan Goidelic agus Brythonic thathar a’ cleachdadh fhathast ann an cànanan Ceilteach&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table-wrapper"&gt;&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Cuimris (Brythonic/P-Ceilteach)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Gàidhlig (Goidelic/Q-Ceilteach)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Beurla&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;pa&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ciod&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;What&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;pair&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;coire&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;cauldron&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;plant&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;clann&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;children&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;pump&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;còig&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;five&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;pwy&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;cò&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;who&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</dc:description><dc:publisher>The Open University</dc:publisher><dc:creator>The Open University</dc:creator><dc:type>Course</dc:type><dc:format>text/html</dc:format><dc:language>en-GB</dc:language><dc:source>Cànan nan Gàidheal - Gaidhlig_1</dc:source><cc:license>Copyright © 2016 The Open University</cc:license></item>
    <item>
      <title>2.5 Na C&amp;#xE0;nanan Brythonic</title>
      <link>https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-2.5</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;Tha na c&amp;#xE0;nanan Brythonic air b&amp;#xE0;s gu le&amp;#xF2;r fhulang ann am Breatainn (mar eisimpleir, dh’fhalbh Cruithnis agus Seann Bhreatannais ann an Alba linntean m&amp;#xF2;ra air ais), agus tha an fheadhainn a mhair be&amp;#xF2; ann an suidheachaidhean gu math eadar-dhealaichte bho ch&amp;#xE8;ile.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S e a’ Chuimris an c&amp;#xE0;nan Ceilteach as soirbheachaile, le mu 580,000 duine anns a’ Chuimrigh ag r&amp;#xE0;dh gun robh Cuimris aca ann an Cunntas-sluaigh 2001. Tha UNESCO ga comharrachadh mar &amp;#x2018;cugallach’; tha na c&amp;#xE0;nanan Ceilteach &amp;#x2018;ann an cunnart’ no &amp;#x2018;ann am f&amp;#xEC;or chunnart’.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha an uiread de mhuinntir na Cuimrigh aig a bheil l&amp;#xE0;n-sgilean na Cuimris (tha comas aca a labhairt, a leughadh ’s a sgr&amp;#xEC;obhadh) air a dhol am meud bho 13.6 as a’ cheud ann an 1991 gu 16.3 as a’ cheud ann an 2001. Tha Cuimris cuideachd air adhartas m&amp;#xF2;r a dh&amp;#xE8;anamh ann a bhith a’ faighinn inbhe oifigeil nas &amp;#xE0;irde anns &lt;span class="oucontent-linkwithtip"&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.byig-wlb.org.uk/Pages/Hafan.aspx"&gt;a’ Chuimrigh&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dh’&amp;#xE8;irich C&amp;#xF2;rnais, coltach ri Cuimris, &amp;#xE0;s a ch&amp;#xE0;nan Brythonic a bh’ air a bruidhinn aig aon &amp;#xE0;m thairis air ceann a deas Bhreatainn. Th&amp;#xE0;inig sgaradh eadar na t&amp;#xEC;rean anns an robh Cuimris is C&amp;#xF2;rnais gam bruidhinn &amp;#xE0;s d&amp;#xE8;idh do na Sagsannaich Siarach a’ ch&amp;#xF9;is a dh&amp;#xE8;anamh air na Ceiltich ann am Bl&amp;#xE0;r Dyrham (faisg air Bath) ann an 577 AC.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Thathar a’ smaoineachadh gun robh C&amp;#xF2;rnais aig suas ri 38,000 duine tr&amp;#xE0;th san 14mh linn ach chr&amp;#xEC;on i gu m&amp;#xF2;r fo bhuaidh na Beurla bho mheadhan an 16mh linn a-mach, agus dh’fhalbh i mar ch&amp;#xE0;nan coimhearsnachd anns an 18mh linn. Tha i a-nise ann an suidheachadh aiseirigh agus tha na ceudan ann aig a bheil i aig &amp;#xEC;re fileantachd no leth-fhileantachd. Airson tuilleadh fiosrachaidh air eachdraidh Ch&amp;#xF2;rnais, briog &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.exeter.ac.uk/cornwall/academic_departments/huss/ics/documents/Cornishlanguage_000.pdf"&gt;an seo&lt;/a&gt; (deas-bhriog airson an ceangal fhosgladh ann an uinneag no tab &amp;#xF9;r).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha dualchas Ceilteach na Breatainne Bige a’ tighinn, chan ann bho shinnsireachd &amp;#xE0;rsaidh Ceiltich Ghaul, ach gu &amp;#xEC;re mh&amp;#xF2;r bho in-imrich luchd-labhairt Ceilteis Brythonic &amp;#xE0; Breatainn, &amp;#xE0;s d&amp;#xE8;idh do na h-Anglo-Sasannaich dhol a-steach ann bhon 5mh linn a-mach. Mar sin, ’s e C&amp;#xF2;rnais an c&amp;#xE0;nan as dl&amp;#xF9;ithe a th’ ann do Bhreatannais.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;An-diugh tha mu 300,000 neach anns a’ Bhreatainn Bhig aig a bheil i, ach tha an &amp;#xE0;ireamh air lughdachadh gu m&amp;#xF2;r bho mu mhillean ann an 1945. Anns na sg&amp;#xEC;rean as motha sa bheil i ga bruidhinn ann an taobh an iar na Breatainne Bige, tha an uiread aig a bheil i air a dhol s&amp;#xEC;os bho 90 as a’ cheud ann an 1900 gu nas lugha na 25 as a’ cheud an-diugh.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-2.5</guid>
    <dc:title>2.5 Na Cànanan Brythonic</dc:title><dc:identifier>Gaidhlig_1</dc:identifier><dc:description>&lt;p&gt;Tha na cànanan Brythonic air bàs gu leòr fhulang ann am Breatainn (mar eisimpleir, dh’fhalbh Cruithnis agus Seann Bhreatannais ann an Alba linntean mòra air ais), agus tha an fheadhainn a mhair beò ann an suidheachaidhean gu math eadar-dhealaichte bho chèile.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S e a’ Chuimris an cànan Ceilteach as soirbheachaile, le mu 580,000 duine anns a’ Chuimrigh ag ràdh gun robh Cuimris aca ann an Cunntas-sluaigh 2001. Tha UNESCO ga comharrachadh mar ‘cugallach’; tha na cànanan Ceilteach ‘ann an cunnart’ no ‘ann am fìor chunnart’.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha an uiread de mhuinntir na Cuimrigh aig a bheil làn-sgilean na Cuimris (tha comas aca a labhairt, a leughadh ’s a sgrìobhadh) air a dhol am meud bho 13.6 as a’ cheud ann an 1991 gu 16.3 as a’ cheud ann an 2001. Tha Cuimris cuideachd air adhartas mòr a dhèanamh ann a bhith a’ faighinn inbhe oifigeil nas àirde anns &lt;span class="oucontent-linkwithtip"&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.byig-wlb.org.uk/Pages/Hafan.aspx"&gt;a’ Chuimrigh&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dh’èirich Còrnais, coltach ri Cuimris, às a chànan Brythonic a bh’ air a bruidhinn aig aon àm thairis air ceann a deas Bhreatainn. Thàinig sgaradh eadar na tìrean anns an robh Cuimris is Còrnais gam bruidhinn às dèidh do na Sagsannaich Siarach a’ chùis a dhèanamh air na Ceiltich ann am Blàr Dyrham (faisg air Bath) ann an 577 AC.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Thathar a’ smaoineachadh gun robh Còrnais aig suas ri 38,000 duine tràth san 14mh linn ach chrìon i gu mòr fo bhuaidh na Beurla bho mheadhan an 16mh linn a-mach, agus dh’fhalbh i mar chànan coimhearsnachd anns an 18mh linn. Tha i a-nise ann an suidheachadh aiseirigh agus tha na ceudan ann aig a bheil i aig ìre fileantachd no leth-fhileantachd. Airson tuilleadh fiosrachaidh air eachdraidh Chòrnais, briog &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.exeter.ac.uk/cornwall/academic_departments/huss/ics/documents/Cornishlanguage_000.pdf"&gt;an seo&lt;/a&gt; (deas-bhriog airson an ceangal fhosgladh ann an uinneag no tab ùr).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha dualchas Ceilteach na Breatainne Bige a’ tighinn, chan ann bho shinnsireachd àrsaidh Ceiltich Ghaul, ach gu ìre mhòr bho in-imrich luchd-labhairt Ceilteis Brythonic à Breatainn, às dèidh do na h-Anglo-Sasannaich dhol a-steach ann bhon 5mh linn a-mach. Mar sin, ’s e Còrnais an cànan as dlùithe a th’ ann do Bhreatannais.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;An-diugh tha mu 300,000 neach anns a’ Bhreatainn Bhig aig a bheil i, ach tha an àireamh air lughdachadh gu mòr bho mu mhillean ann an 1945. Anns na sgìrean as motha sa bheil i ga bruidhinn ann an taobh an iar na Breatainne Bige, tha an uiread aig a bheil i air a dhol sìos bho 90 as a’ cheud ann an 1900 gu nas lugha na 25 as a’ cheud an-diugh.&lt;/p&gt;</dc:description><dc:publisher>The Open University</dc:publisher><dc:creator>The Open University</dc:creator><dc:type>Course</dc:type><dc:format>text/html</dc:format><dc:language>en-GB</dc:language><dc:source>Cànan nan Gàidheal - Gaidhlig_1</dc:source><cc:license>Copyright © 2016 The Open University</cc:license></item>
    <item>
      <title>2.6 Na C&amp;#xE0;nanan Goidelic</title>
      <link>https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-2.6</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;Tha tr&amp;#xEC; c&amp;#xE0;nanan aig a bheil t&amp;#xF9;san ann an seann Ghoidelic fhathast gam bruidhinn an-diugh agus tha d&amp;#xF9;bhlain mh&amp;#xF2;r romhpa uile. ’S i G&amp;#xE0;idhlig na h-&amp;#xC8;ireann an t&amp;#xE8; as l&amp;#xE0;idire. Tha i na c&amp;#xE0;nan oifigeil aig Poblachd na h-&amp;#xC8;ireann agus bha 340,000 duine ag r&amp;#xE0;dh gun robh i aca mar ch&amp;#xE0;nan l&amp;#xE0;itheil ann an Cunntas-sluaigh 2002, le 1,571,000 ag r&amp;#xE0;dh gun robh i aca gu &amp;#xEC;re air choreigin (ged a tha m&amp;#xF2;ran e&amp;#xF2;laichean a’ cumail a-mach gum bi m&amp;#xF2;ran nas lugha na seo ga cleachdadh gu l&amp;#xE0;itheil ann an da-r&amp;#xEC;ribh). Ann an &amp;#xC8;irinn a Tuath, bha 167,000 duine ag r&amp;#xE0;dh gun robh Gaeilge aca ann an Cunntas-sluaigh na R&amp;#xEC;oghachd Aonaichte ann an 2001, timcheall air 10 as a cheud de mhuinntir na m&amp;#xF2;r-roinne; bha 75,000 a’ cumail a-mach gun robh iad an &amp;#xEC;re mhath fileanta. ’S iad na sg&amp;#xEC;rean as fhe&amp;#xE0;rr airson Gaeilge a chluinntinn na ce&amp;#xE0;rnaidhean beaga &lt;span class="oucontent-linkwithtip"&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.gaelsaoire.ie/"&gt;Gaeltacht&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;#xA0;, far a bheil pr&amp;#xEC;omhachas oifigeil aig a’ ch&amp;#xE0;nan; tha a’ chuid as motha de na ce&amp;#xE0;rnaidhean sin nan sg&amp;#xEC;rean d&amp;#xF9;thchail air an taobh an iar.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha G&amp;#xE0;idhlig na h-Alba, coltach ri Gaeilge, air a comharrachadh le UNESCO mar &amp;#x2018;ann an cunnart’ ach tha i ann an suidheachadh nas miosa na Gaeilge; thuit i gu d&amp;#xEC;reach 92,400 neach-labhairt ann an Alba a thuirt gun robh comas c&amp;#xE0;nain de she&amp;#xF2;rsa air choreigin aca ann an 2001. Bha sin air a dh&amp;#xE8;anamh de 58,700 neach-labhairt agus 33,700 a b’ urrainn a leughadh, a sgr&amp;#xEC;obhadh no a tuigsinn. Leis cho truagh ’s a tha foghlam G&amp;#xE0;idhlig air a bhith ann an Alba, bha 47 as a’ cheud dhen luchd-labhairt gun sgilean leughaidh sam bith no le sgilean leughaidh truagh anns a’ ch&amp;#xE0;nan.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha an suidheachadh seo a’ dol am feabhas, ge-t&amp;#xE0;. Eadar 1991 agus 2001 thuit an &amp;#xE0;ireamh de luchd-labhairt 11 as a’ cheud, ach dh’&amp;#xE0;rdaich na bh’ ann de dhaoine le comas leughaidh is sgr&amp;#xEC;obhaidh 7.5 as a’ cheud agus 10 as a’ cheud le ch&amp;#xE8;ile. Ged a dh’fhuiling i cr&amp;#xEC;onadh m&amp;#xF2;r, tha G&amp;#xE0;idhlig na h-Alba fhathast gu furasta anns an leth as &amp;#xE0;irde de ch&amp;#xE0;nanan an t-saoghail, air a thomhas air &amp;#xE0;ireamh luchd-labhairt agus, &amp;#xE0;s d&amp;#xE8;idh Achd na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig (Alba) 2005, tha an st&amp;#xE0;ite a’ cur airgead nach beag dha h-ionnsaigh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S e B&amp;#xF2;rd na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig a’ bhuidheann aig Riaghaltas na h-Alba as motha a tha ag obair &amp;#xE0;s leth na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig; tha pr&amp;#xEC;omh thogalach na buidhne ann an Inbhir Nis, pr&amp;#xEC;omh bhaile na G&amp;#xE0;idhealtachd. Tha an l&amp;#xE0;rach-l&amp;#xEC;n &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.gaidhlig.org.uk/"&gt;an seo&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha c&amp;#xE0;nan Goidelic air a bhith ann an Eilean Mhanainn bhon 5mh linn AC a-mach, agus tha an teanga a dh’&amp;#xE8;irich bhuaipe, Gaelg (G&amp;#xE0;idhlig Eilean Mhanainn), air a bruidhinn fhathast an-diugh, &amp;#xE0;s d&amp;#xE8;idh dhi a bhith fo bhuaidh na Seann Lochlannais agus Beurla fad linntean. Bha Manainn mar ph&amp;#xE0;irt de dh&amp;#xF9;thaich Thighearnas nan Eilean, a bha a’ gabhail a-steach eileanan taobh siar na h-Alba, agus anns an robh pr&amp;#xEC;omhachas aig a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig. &amp;#xC0;s d&amp;#xE8;idh b&amp;#xE0;s an duine mu dheireadh aig an robh Gaelg mar chiad ch&amp;#xE0;nan ann an 1974, bha e&amp;#xF2;laichean ag r&amp;#xE0;dh gur e c&amp;#xE0;nan &amp;#x2018;marbh’ a bh’ innte. Ge-t&amp;#xE0;, cha do ghabh sin a-steach gun robh fhathast coimhearsnachd aig an robh i, st&amp;#xE8;idhichte air daoine a dh’ionnsaich i gu fileantachd mar dh&amp;#xE0;rna c&amp;#xE0;nan.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha UNESCO a-nise air Gaelg a chomharrachadh aig an aon &amp;#xEC;re ri C&amp;#xF2;rnais – &amp;#x2018;ann am f&amp;#xEC;or chunnart’. Ach, air sg&amp;#xE0;th obair le feadhainn a tha d&amp;#xE8;idheil air a’ ch&amp;#xE0;nan agus taic bho Riaghaltas Eilean Mhanainn, tha beatha &amp;#xE0;s &amp;#xF9;r air tighinn air G&amp;#xE0;idhlig Eilean Mhanainn. Tha beagan foghlaim ann tro mheadhan na Gaelg, agus tha an &amp;#xE0;ireamh de luchd-labhairt air a dhol suas gu m&amp;#xF2;r thar nan deicheadan a dh’fhalbh, bho 165 ann an 1961 gu 1,689 ann an 2001.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha na h-eadar-dhealachaidhean eadar na tr&amp;#xEC; c&amp;#xE0;nain Goidelic air a dhol am meud leis gun do chailleadh dualchainntean a bh’ air a bhith mar dhrochaidean eatarra. Mar eisimpleir, bha G&amp;#xE0;idhlig Eilean Reachra (gu poilitigeach mar ph&amp;#xE0;irt de dh’&amp;#xC8;irinn) gu math dl&amp;#xF9;th ri G&amp;#xE0;idhlig na h-Alba, agus ’s iongantach mura robh rudan anns a’ chumantas eadar na dualchainntean a bhathar a’ bruidhinn uaireigin ann an Cinn T&amp;#xEC;re agus Gall-Gh&amp;#xE0;idhealaibh, agus G&amp;#xE0;idhlig Ceann a Tuath na h-&amp;#xC8;ireann. Eadhon an-diugh tha faclan is abairtean ann an G&amp;#xE0;idhlig Earra-Gh&amp;#xE0;idheal a bhiodh G&amp;#xE0;idheil ceann a tuath na h-Alba a’ tomhas mar rudeigin &amp;#x2018;&amp;#xC8;ireannach’, mar a chithear anns a’ chl&amp;#xE0;r gu h-&amp;#xEC;osal.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table oucontent-s-normal oucontent-s-box"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h3 oucontent-heading oucontent-nonumber"&gt;Cl&amp;#xE0;r 3 Coimeas eadar faclan ann an G&amp;#xE0;idhlig na h-&amp;#xC8;ireann, G&amp;#xE0;idhlig Earra-Gh&amp;#xE0;idheal agus dualchainntean ceann a tuath na h-Alba&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table-wrapper"&gt;&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;G&amp;#xE0;idhlig na h-&amp;#xC8;ireann&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;G&amp;#xE0;idhlig Earra-Gh&amp;#xE0;idheal&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;G&amp;#xE0;idhlig Ceann a Tuath na h-Alba&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Beurla&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ascaill&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;asgaill&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;achlais&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;armpit&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;citeal&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ceatal&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;coire&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;kettle&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;comharsa&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;coimhearsnach&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;n&amp;#xE0;baidh&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;neighbour&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;cos&amp;#xFA;il&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;cosail&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;coltach&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;like, resembling&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;dreoil&amp;#xED;n&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dre&amp;#xF2;lan&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dreathann-donn&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;wren&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;go raibh maith agat&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;gun robh maith agad&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tapadh leat&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;thank you&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;gruaig&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;gruag&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;falt&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hair of the head&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;olann&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;olann&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;cl&amp;#xF2;imh&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;wool&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;s&amp;#xE9;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;s&amp;#xE8;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sia&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;six&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;siopa&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;siop&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;b&amp;#xF9;th&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;shop&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mar an ceudna, bhiodh a’ chuid a bu mhotha de luchd-labhairt G&amp;#xE0;idhlig na h-Alba a’ faighinn dualchainnt Th&amp;#xEC;r Chonaill (Ulaidh) na Gaeilge nas fhasa thuigsinn seach an fheadhainn a tha nas fhaide deas ann an &amp;#xC8;irinn (tha an diofar eadar dualchainntean ann an &amp;#xC8;irinn nas motha na &amp;#x2018;n diofar taobh a-staigh G&amp;#xE0;idhlig na h-Alba). Gabhaidh seo faicinn leis an t-seantans: &amp;#x2018;Ciamar a tha thu?’&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table oucontent-s-normal oucontent-s-box"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h3 oucontent-heading oucontent-nonumber"&gt;Cl&amp;#xE0;r 4 Ciamar a tha thu?&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table-wrapper"&gt;&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Albannach&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ciamar a tha thu? / D&amp;#xE8; mar a tha thu?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ulaidh (taobh an iar-thuath na h-&amp;#xC8;ireann)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Cad &amp;#xE9; mar at&amp;#xE1; t&amp;#xFA;?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Connacht (taobh an iar na h-&amp;#xC8;ireann)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;C&amp;#xE9;n chaoi a bhfuil t&amp;#xFA;?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Mumhan (taobh an iar-dheas na h-&amp;#xC8;ireann)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Conas at&amp;#xE1; t&amp;#xFA;?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ach chan eil an seo ach tomhas bunaiteach, agus uaireannan bidh an dreach &amp;#xE0; C&amp;#xFA;ige na Mumhan anns a’ cheann a deas rudeigin aithnichte do Gh&amp;#xE0;idheal Albannach; airson &amp;#x2018;Ciamar a tha thu?’, mar eisimpleir, bidh cuid de dh’Albannaich ag r&amp;#xE0;dh: &amp;#x2018;Cionnas a tha thu?’!&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A dh’aindeoin na th’ aca sa chumantas, tha eadar-dhealachaidhean an &amp;#xEC;re mhath m&amp;#xF2;r ann eadar G&amp;#xE0;idhlig is Gaeilge a tha gam f&amp;#xE0;gail mar ch&amp;#xE0;nanan fa leth, dl&amp;#xF9;th-ch&amp;#xE0;irdeach a-nise, seach dualchainntean dhen aon ch&amp;#xE0;nan, mar a bha o chionn beagan cheudan bhliadhnaichean nuair a bhathar a’ bruidhinn na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig gun bhe&amp;#xE0;rn eadar Corcaigh is Gallaibh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha an tr&amp;#xE0;th l&amp;#xE0;thaireach s&amp;#xEC;mplidh ann an gn&amp;#xEC;omhairean, a tha mar ph&amp;#xE0;irt de Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig na h-&amp;#xC8;ireann fhathast, air a dhol &amp;#xE0; bith ann an G&amp;#xE0;idhlig na h-Alba far a bheil an tr&amp;#xE0;th l&amp;#xE0;thaireach leantainneach air a dhol na &amp;#xE0;ite; bidh sin a’ cleachdadh an ainmeir ghn&amp;#xEC;omhairich. Mar sin, canaidh na h-&amp;#xC8;ireannaich &lt;i&gt;tuigim&lt;/i&gt; (&amp;#x2018;I understand’) fhad ’s a chanas na h-Albannaich &lt;i&gt;tha mi a’ tuigsinn&lt;/i&gt; (gu litreachail &amp;#x2018;I am at understanding’). Agus tha seann riochd &amp;#xE0;icheil &lt;i&gt;nichon&lt;/i&gt; air a dhol an giorrad ann an d&amp;#xF2;igh dhiofraichte anns an d&amp;#xE0; dh&amp;#xF9;thaich – &lt;i&gt;n&amp;#xED;&lt;/i&gt; ann an &amp;#xC8;irinn agus &lt;i&gt;chan&lt;/i&gt; ann an Alba (ged a chluinnear &lt;i&gt;chan&lt;/i&gt; cuideachd ann an Ulaidh). Mar sin, gheibhear &lt;i&gt;chan eil airgead agam&lt;/i&gt; ann an G&amp;#xE0;idhlig agus &lt;i&gt;n&amp;#xED;l airgead agam&lt;/i&gt; ann an Gaeilge.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha na str&amp;#xE0;can, a tha a’ comharrachadh leudachadh fuaimneachadh fuaimreig, eadar-dhealaichte eadar an d&amp;#xE0; ch&amp;#xE0;nan. Ann an Gaeilge tha iad uile geur agus, ann an G&amp;#xE0;idhlig, &amp;#xE0;s d&amp;#xE8;idh ath-chruthachadh air an d&amp;#xF2;igh-sgr&amp;#xEC;obhaidh tr&amp;#xE0;th sna 1980an, tha iad uile trom. Mar sin, chithear &amp;#x2018;&lt;i&gt;F&amp;#xE1;ilte&lt;/i&gt;’ air soidhnichean ann an &amp;#xC8;irinn, agus &amp;#x2018;&lt;i&gt;F&amp;#xE0;ilte&lt;/i&gt;’ ann an Alba. Bidh cuid de dh’fhaclan a’ gabhail cuideam air an lide mu dheireadh ann an &amp;#xC8;irinn, gu s&amp;#xF2;nraichte anns a’ cheann a deas, ach bidh G&amp;#xE0;idheil Albannach an &amp;#xEC;re mhath an-c&amp;#xF2;mhnaidh a’ cur cuideam air a’ chiad lide ann am facal. Mar sin, canaidh na h-&amp;#xC8;ireannaich &lt;i&gt;brad&amp;#xE1;n&lt;/i&gt; airson &lt;i&gt;bradan&lt;/i&gt; agus &lt;i&gt;ar&amp;#xE1;n&lt;/i&gt; airson &lt;i&gt;aran&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ghl&amp;#xE8;idh G&amp;#xE0;idhlig na h-Alba an d&amp;#xF2;igh chlasaigeach airson an riochdair pearsanta iolra &lt;i&gt;sibh&lt;/i&gt; a chleachdadh airson urram fhoillseachadh do dh’aon neach. Mar sin, canaidh sinn &amp;#x2018;&lt;i&gt;Ciamar a tha sibh?&lt;/i&gt;’ ri cuideigin a tha ginealach nas sine, seach &amp;#x2018;&lt;i&gt;Ciamar a tha thu?&lt;/i&gt;’ Ann an Gaeilge, ge-t&amp;#xE0;, cha chleachdadh duine &lt;i&gt;sibh&lt;/i&gt; ach a-mh&amp;#xE0;in nuair a bhiodh e a’ bruidhinn ri barrachd air aon duine.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha na riaghailtean a thaobh te&amp;#xE0;rnadh, ’s e sin mar a dh’atharraichear facal a r&amp;#xE8;ir na tha a dh&amp;#xEC;th a thaobh gr&amp;#xE0;mar, eadar-dhealaichte uaireannan cuideachd, agus thug c&amp;#xE0;nanan eile buaidh eadar-dhealaichte air G&amp;#xE0;idhlig is Gaeilge aig amannan. Mar eisimpleir, tha G&amp;#xE0;idhlig na h-Alba air faclan-iasaid a thoirt bho Albais is Seann Lochlannais ann an d&amp;#xF2;igh eucoltach ri G&amp;#xE0;idhlig na h-&amp;#xC8;ireann (ged a tha faclan-iasaid Lochlannach ann an Gaeilge). Ach tha an d&amp;#xE0; theanga air faclan a thoirt bhon Bheurla Shasannaich ann an d&amp;#xF2;igh car coltach.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha maothachd nam fuaimean a chluinnear tric aig connragan ann an G&amp;#xE0;idhlig na h-Alba mar thoradh air an uiread de sh&amp;#xE8;imheachadh sa ch&amp;#xE0;nan (’s e s&amp;#xE8;imheachadh maothachadh chonnragan a thathar a’ comharrachadh le &amp;#x2018;h’ &amp;#xE0;s d&amp;#xE8;idh na connraig) agus ro-analachadh, far a bheil &amp;#x2018;h’ no &amp;#x2018;ch’ air a r&amp;#xE0;dh, gun a bhith sgr&amp;#xEC;obhte, ron chonnraig). Chan eil a leithid ann an G&amp;#xE0;idhlig na h-&amp;#xC8;ireann ach nochdaidh e ann an Innis T&amp;#xEC;lis, F&amp;#xE0;rothais agus Nirribhis (agus, gu h-inntinneach ann an c&amp;#xE0;nanan Artach nach eil c&amp;#xE0;irdeach don fheadhainn eile, leithid S&amp;#xE0;mi agus Graonlainnis). Air sg&amp;#xE0;th ro-analachadh, bidh na h-&amp;#xC8;ireannach ag r&amp;#xE0;dh &amp;#x2018;&lt;i&gt;mak&lt;/i&gt;’ airson &lt;i&gt;mac&lt;/i&gt;; bidh na G&amp;#xE0;idheil Albannach ga fhuaimneachadh &amp;#x2018;&lt;i&gt;machk&lt;/i&gt;’.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha na siostaman sgr&amp;#xEC;obhaidh airson G&amp;#xE0;idhlig agus Gaeilge car coltach ri ch&amp;#xE8;ile, agus iad st&amp;#xE8;idhichte air an t-siostam a bh’ ann airson sgr&amp;#xEC;obhadh na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig chlasaigich a bh’ air a cleachdadh leis na h-uaislean foghlamaichte anns an d&amp;#xE0; dh&amp;#xF9;thaich; mar sin, tuigidh feadhainn a leughas G&amp;#xE0;idhlig na h-Alba bunaitean teacsa Gaeilge; tha e ag obair anns an d&amp;#xF2;igh cheudna air an rathad eile cuideachd. Ach tha siostam sgr&amp;#xEC;obhaidh G&amp;#xE0;idhlig Eilean Mhanainn gu math eadar-dhealaichte agus doirbh a leughadh do Gh&amp;#xE0;idheil &amp;#xE0; Alba is &amp;#xC8;irinn. Chaidh a’ siostam sgr&amp;#xEC;obhaidh a chruthachadh anns an 17mh linn agus tha e st&amp;#xE8;idhichte gu &amp;#xEC;re mh&amp;#xF2;r air na siostaman airson Beurla is, gu &amp;#xEC;re nas lugha, Cuimris. Chithear cuid de na h-eadar-dhealachaidhean anns a’ chl&amp;#xE0;r gu h-&amp;#xEC;osal.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table oucontent-s-normal oucontent-s-box"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h3 oucontent-heading oucontent-nonumber"&gt;Cl&amp;#xE0;r 5 Coimeas eadar na d&amp;#xF2;ighean sgr&amp;#xEC;obhaidh airson G&amp;#xE0;idhlig, Gaeilge is Gaelg &lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table-wrapper"&gt;&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;G&amp;#xE0;idhlig na h-Alba&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;G&amp;#xE0;idhlig na h-&amp;#xC8;ireann&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;G&amp;#xE0;idhlig Eilean Mhanainn&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Beurla&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;a’ bhean&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;an bhean&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;yn ven&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;the wife, woman&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ceann&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ceann&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;kione&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;a head&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;deoch&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;deoch&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;jough&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;a drink&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Dim&amp;#xE0;irt&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;D&amp;#xE9; M&amp;#xE1;irt&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Jemayrt&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Tuesday&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;gu le&amp;#xF2;r&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;go leor&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;di liooar&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;enough&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;iasg&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;iasc&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;eeast&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;a fish&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;loch&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;loch&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;logh&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;a lake&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;se&amp;#xF2;mar&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;seomra&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;shamyr&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;a room&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;teth&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;te&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#xE7;heh&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hot&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-2.6</guid>
    <dc:title>2.6 Na Cànanan Goidelic</dc:title><dc:identifier>Gaidhlig_1</dc:identifier><dc:description>&lt;p&gt;Tha trì cànanan aig a bheil tùsan ann an seann Ghoidelic fhathast gam bruidhinn an-diugh agus tha dùbhlain mhòr romhpa uile. ’S i Gàidhlig na h-Èireann an tè as làidire. Tha i na cànan oifigeil aig Poblachd na h-Èireann agus bha 340,000 duine ag ràdh gun robh i aca mar chànan làitheil ann an Cunntas-sluaigh 2002, le 1,571,000 ag ràdh gun robh i aca gu ìre air choreigin (ged a tha mòran eòlaichean a’ cumail a-mach gum bi mòran nas lugha na seo ga cleachdadh gu làitheil ann an da-rìribh). Ann an Èirinn a Tuath, bha 167,000 duine ag ràdh gun robh Gaeilge aca ann an Cunntas-sluaigh na Rìoghachd Aonaichte ann an 2001, timcheall air 10 as a cheud de mhuinntir na mòr-roinne; bha 75,000 a’ cumail a-mach gun robh iad an ìre mhath fileanta. ’S iad na sgìrean as fheàrr airson Gaeilge a chluinntinn na ceàrnaidhean beaga &lt;span class="oucontent-linkwithtip"&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.gaelsaoire.ie/"&gt;Gaeltacht&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; , far a bheil prìomhachas oifigeil aig a’ chànan; tha a’ chuid as motha de na ceàrnaidhean sin nan sgìrean dùthchail air an taobh an iar.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha Gàidhlig na h-Alba, coltach ri Gaeilge, air a comharrachadh le UNESCO mar ‘ann an cunnart’ ach tha i ann an suidheachadh nas miosa na Gaeilge; thuit i gu dìreach 92,400 neach-labhairt ann an Alba a thuirt gun robh comas cànain de sheòrsa air choreigin aca ann an 2001. Bha sin air a dhèanamh de 58,700 neach-labhairt agus 33,700 a b’ urrainn a leughadh, a sgrìobhadh no a tuigsinn. Leis cho truagh ’s a tha foghlam Gàidhlig air a bhith ann an Alba, bha 47 as a’ cheud dhen luchd-labhairt gun sgilean leughaidh sam bith no le sgilean leughaidh truagh anns a’ chànan.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha an suidheachadh seo a’ dol am feabhas, ge-tà. Eadar 1991 agus 2001 thuit an àireamh de luchd-labhairt 11 as a’ cheud, ach dh’àrdaich na bh’ ann de dhaoine le comas leughaidh is sgrìobhaidh 7.5 as a’ cheud agus 10 as a’ cheud le chèile. Ged a dh’fhuiling i crìonadh mòr, tha Gàidhlig na h-Alba fhathast gu furasta anns an leth as àirde de chànanan an t-saoghail, air a thomhas air àireamh luchd-labhairt agus, às dèidh Achd na Gàidhlig (Alba) 2005, tha an stàite a’ cur airgead nach beag dha h-ionnsaigh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S e Bòrd na Gàidhlig a’ bhuidheann aig Riaghaltas na h-Alba as motha a tha ag obair às leth na Gàidhlig; tha prìomh thogalach na buidhne ann an Inbhir Nis, prìomh bhaile na Gàidhealtachd. Tha an làrach-lìn &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.gaidhlig.org.uk/"&gt;an seo&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha cànan Goidelic air a bhith ann an Eilean Mhanainn bhon 5mh linn AC a-mach, agus tha an teanga a dh’èirich bhuaipe, Gaelg (Gàidhlig Eilean Mhanainn), air a bruidhinn fhathast an-diugh, às dèidh dhi a bhith fo bhuaidh na Seann Lochlannais agus Beurla fad linntean. Bha Manainn mar phàirt de dhùthaich Thighearnas nan Eilean, a bha a’ gabhail a-steach eileanan taobh siar na h-Alba, agus anns an robh prìomhachas aig a’ Ghàidhlig. Às dèidh bàs an duine mu dheireadh aig an robh Gaelg mar chiad chànan ann an 1974, bha eòlaichean ag ràdh gur e cànan ‘marbh’ a bh’ innte. Ge-tà, cha do ghabh sin a-steach gun robh fhathast coimhearsnachd aig an robh i, stèidhichte air daoine a dh’ionnsaich i gu fileantachd mar dhàrna cànan.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha UNESCO a-nise air Gaelg a chomharrachadh aig an aon ìre ri Còrnais – ‘ann am fìor chunnart’. Ach, air sgàth obair le feadhainn a tha dèidheil air a’ chànan agus taic bho Riaghaltas Eilean Mhanainn, tha beatha às ùr air tighinn air Gàidhlig Eilean Mhanainn. Tha beagan foghlaim ann tro mheadhan na Gaelg, agus tha an àireamh de luchd-labhairt air a dhol suas gu mòr thar nan deicheadan a dh’fhalbh, bho 165 ann an 1961 gu 1,689 ann an 2001.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha na h-eadar-dhealachaidhean eadar na trì cànain Goidelic air a dhol am meud leis gun do chailleadh dualchainntean a bh’ air a bhith mar dhrochaidean eatarra. Mar eisimpleir, bha Gàidhlig Eilean Reachra (gu poilitigeach mar phàirt de dh’Èirinn) gu math dlùth ri Gàidhlig na h-Alba, agus ’s iongantach mura robh rudan anns a’ chumantas eadar na dualchainntean a bhathar a’ bruidhinn uaireigin ann an Cinn Tìre agus Gall-Ghàidhealaibh, agus Gàidhlig Ceann a Tuath na h-Èireann. Eadhon an-diugh tha faclan is abairtean ann an Gàidhlig Earra-Ghàidheal a bhiodh Gàidheil ceann a tuath na h-Alba a’ tomhas mar rudeigin ‘Èireannach’, mar a chithear anns a’ chlàr gu h-ìosal.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table oucontent-s-normal oucontent-s-box"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h3 oucontent-heading oucontent-nonumber"&gt;Clàr 3 Coimeas eadar faclan ann an Gàidhlig na h-Èireann, Gàidhlig Earra-Ghàidheal agus dualchainntean ceann a tuath na h-Alba&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table-wrapper"&gt;&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Gàidhlig na h-Èireann&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Gàidhlig Earra-Ghàidheal&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Gàidhlig Ceann a Tuath na h-Alba&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Beurla&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ascaill&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;asgaill&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;achlais&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;armpit&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;citeal&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ceatal&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;coire&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;kettle&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;comharsa&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;coimhearsnach&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;nàbaidh&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;neighbour&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;cosúil&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;cosail&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;coltach&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;like, resembling&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;dreoilín&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dreòlan&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dreathann-donn&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;wren&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;go raibh maith agat&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;gun robh maith agad&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tapadh leat&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;thank you&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;gruaig&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;gruag&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;falt&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hair of the head&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;olann&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;olann&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;clòimh&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;wool&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;sé&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sè&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;sia&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;six&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;siopa&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;siop&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;bùth&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;shop&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mar an ceudna, bhiodh a’ chuid a bu mhotha de luchd-labhairt Gàidhlig na h-Alba a’ faighinn dualchainnt Thìr Chonaill (Ulaidh) na Gaeilge nas fhasa thuigsinn seach an fheadhainn a tha nas fhaide deas ann an Èirinn (tha an diofar eadar dualchainntean ann an Èirinn nas motha na ‘n diofar taobh a-staigh Gàidhlig na h-Alba). Gabhaidh seo faicinn leis an t-seantans: ‘Ciamar a tha thu?’&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table oucontent-s-normal oucontent-s-box"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h3 oucontent-heading oucontent-nonumber"&gt;Clàr 4 Ciamar a tha thu?&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table-wrapper"&gt;&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Albannach&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ciamar a tha thu? / Dè mar a tha thu?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ulaidh (taobh an iar-thuath na h-Èireann)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Cad é mar atá tú?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Connacht (taobh an iar na h-Èireann)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Cén chaoi a bhfuil tú?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Mumhan (taobh an iar-dheas na h-Èireann)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Conas atá tú?&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ach chan eil an seo ach tomhas bunaiteach, agus uaireannan bidh an dreach à Cúige na Mumhan anns a’ cheann a deas rudeigin aithnichte do Ghàidheal Albannach; airson ‘Ciamar a tha thu?’, mar eisimpleir, bidh cuid de dh’Albannaich ag ràdh: ‘Cionnas a tha thu?’!&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A dh’aindeoin na th’ aca sa chumantas, tha eadar-dhealachaidhean an ìre mhath mòr ann eadar Gàidhlig is Gaeilge a tha gam fàgail mar chànanan fa leth, dlùth-chàirdeach a-nise, seach dualchainntean dhen aon chànan, mar a bha o chionn beagan cheudan bhliadhnaichean nuair a bhathar a’ bruidhinn na Gàidhlig gun bheàrn eadar Corcaigh is Gallaibh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha an tràth làthaireach sìmplidh ann an gnìomhairean, a tha mar phàirt de Ghàidhlig na h-Èireann fhathast, air a dhol à bith ann an Gàidhlig na h-Alba far a bheil an tràth làthaireach leantainneach air a dhol na àite; bidh sin a’ cleachdadh an ainmeir ghnìomhairich. Mar sin, canaidh na h-Èireannaich &lt;i&gt;tuigim&lt;/i&gt; (‘I understand’) fhad ’s a chanas na h-Albannaich &lt;i&gt;tha mi a’ tuigsinn&lt;/i&gt; (gu litreachail ‘I am at understanding’). Agus tha seann riochd àicheil &lt;i&gt;nichon&lt;/i&gt; air a dhol an giorrad ann an dòigh dhiofraichte anns an dà dhùthaich – &lt;i&gt;ní&lt;/i&gt; ann an Èirinn agus &lt;i&gt;chan&lt;/i&gt; ann an Alba (ged a chluinnear &lt;i&gt;chan&lt;/i&gt; cuideachd ann an Ulaidh). Mar sin, gheibhear &lt;i&gt;chan eil airgead agam&lt;/i&gt; ann an Gàidhlig agus &lt;i&gt;níl airgead agam&lt;/i&gt; ann an Gaeilge.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha na stràcan, a tha a’ comharrachadh leudachadh fuaimneachadh fuaimreig, eadar-dhealaichte eadar an dà chànan. Ann an Gaeilge tha iad uile geur agus, ann an Gàidhlig, às dèidh ath-chruthachadh air an dòigh-sgrìobhaidh tràth sna 1980an, tha iad uile trom. Mar sin, chithear ‘&lt;i&gt;Fáilte&lt;/i&gt;’ air soidhnichean ann an Èirinn, agus ‘&lt;i&gt;Fàilte&lt;/i&gt;’ ann an Alba. Bidh cuid de dh’fhaclan a’ gabhail cuideam air an lide mu dheireadh ann an Èirinn, gu sònraichte anns a’ cheann a deas, ach bidh Gàidheil Albannach an ìre mhath an-còmhnaidh a’ cur cuideam air a’ chiad lide ann am facal. Mar sin, canaidh na h-Èireannaich &lt;i&gt;bradán&lt;/i&gt; airson &lt;i&gt;bradan&lt;/i&gt; agus &lt;i&gt;arán&lt;/i&gt; airson &lt;i&gt;aran&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ghlèidh Gàidhlig na h-Alba an dòigh chlasaigeach airson an riochdair pearsanta iolra &lt;i&gt;sibh&lt;/i&gt; a chleachdadh airson urram fhoillseachadh do dh’aon neach. Mar sin, canaidh sinn ‘&lt;i&gt;Ciamar a tha sibh?&lt;/i&gt;’ ri cuideigin a tha ginealach nas sine, seach ‘&lt;i&gt;Ciamar a tha thu?&lt;/i&gt;’ Ann an Gaeilge, ge-tà, cha chleachdadh duine &lt;i&gt;sibh&lt;/i&gt; ach a-mhàin nuair a bhiodh e a’ bruidhinn ri barrachd air aon duine.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha na riaghailtean a thaobh teàrnadh, ’s e sin mar a dh’atharraichear facal a rèir na tha a dhìth a thaobh gràmar, eadar-dhealaichte uaireannan cuideachd, agus thug cànanan eile buaidh eadar-dhealaichte air Gàidhlig is Gaeilge aig amannan. Mar eisimpleir, tha Gàidhlig na h-Alba air faclan-iasaid a thoirt bho Albais is Seann Lochlannais ann an dòigh eucoltach ri Gàidhlig na h-Èireann (ged a tha faclan-iasaid Lochlannach ann an Gaeilge). Ach tha an dà theanga air faclan a thoirt bhon Bheurla Shasannaich ann an dòigh car coltach.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha maothachd nam fuaimean a chluinnear tric aig connragan ann an Gàidhlig na h-Alba mar thoradh air an uiread de shèimheachadh sa chànan (’s e sèimheachadh maothachadh chonnragan a thathar a’ comharrachadh le ‘h’ às dèidh na connraig) agus ro-analachadh, far a bheil ‘h’ no ‘ch’ air a ràdh, gun a bhith sgrìobhte, ron chonnraig). Chan eil a leithid ann an Gàidhlig na h-Èireann ach nochdaidh e ann an Innis Tìlis, Fàrothais agus Nirribhis (agus, gu h-inntinneach ann an cànanan Artach nach eil càirdeach don fheadhainn eile, leithid Sàmi agus Graonlainnis). Air sgàth ro-analachadh, bidh na h-Èireannach ag ràdh ‘&lt;i&gt;mak&lt;/i&gt;’ airson &lt;i&gt;mac&lt;/i&gt;; bidh na Gàidheil Albannach ga fhuaimneachadh ‘&lt;i&gt;machk&lt;/i&gt;’.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha na siostaman sgrìobhaidh airson Gàidhlig agus Gaeilge car coltach ri chèile, agus iad stèidhichte air an t-siostam a bh’ ann airson sgrìobhadh na Gàidhlig chlasaigich a bh’ air a cleachdadh leis na h-uaislean foghlamaichte anns an dà dhùthaich; mar sin, tuigidh feadhainn a leughas Gàidhlig na h-Alba bunaitean teacsa Gaeilge; tha e ag obair anns an dòigh cheudna air an rathad eile cuideachd. Ach tha siostam sgrìobhaidh Gàidhlig Eilean Mhanainn gu math eadar-dhealaichte agus doirbh a leughadh do Ghàidheil à Alba is Èirinn. Chaidh a’ siostam sgrìobhaidh a chruthachadh anns an 17mh linn agus tha e stèidhichte gu ìre mhòr air na siostaman airson Beurla is, gu ìre nas lugha, Cuimris. Chithear cuid de na h-eadar-dhealachaidhean anns a’ chlàr gu h-ìosal.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table oucontent-s-normal oucontent-s-box"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h3 oucontent-heading oucontent-nonumber"&gt;Clàr 5 Coimeas eadar na dòighean sgrìobhaidh airson Gàidhlig, Gaeilge is Gaelg &lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table-wrapper"&gt;&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Gàidhlig na h-Alba&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Gàidhlig na h-Èireann&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Gàidhlig Eilean Mhanainn&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Beurla&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;a’ bhean&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;an bhean&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;yn ven&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;the wife, woman&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ceann&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ceann&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;kione&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;a head&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;deoch&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;deoch&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;jough&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;a drink&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Dimàirt&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Dé Máirt&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Jemayrt&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Tuesday&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;gu leòr&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;go leor&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;di liooar&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;enough&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;iasg&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;iasc&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;eeast&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;a fish&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;loch&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;loch&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;logh&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;a lake&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;seòmar&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;seomra&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;shamyr&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;a room&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;teth&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;te&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;çheh&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;hot&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</dc:description><dc:publisher>The Open University</dc:publisher><dc:creator>The Open University</dc:creator><dc:type>Course</dc:type><dc:format>text/html</dc:format><dc:language>en-GB</dc:language><dc:source>Cànan nan Gàidheal - Gaidhlig_1</dc:source><cc:license>Copyright © 2016 The Open University</cc:license></item>
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      <title>2.7 Sgaoileadh nan Ceilteach</title>
      <link>https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-2.7</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;Ghluais sl&amp;#xF2;igh aig an robh c&amp;#xE0;nanan Ceilteach gu p&amp;#xE0;irtean eile dhen t-saoghal, a’ f&amp;#xE0;gail gu bheil na milleanan de dhaoine ann an Ameireagaidh a Tuath, Astr&amp;#xE0;ilia agus Sealan Nuadh aig a bheil sinnsireachd Cheilteach. Ach lagaich sin na c&amp;#xE0;nanan nan d&amp;#xF9;thchannan m&amp;#xE0;thaireil agus, anns an fharsaingeachd, cha do thogadh coimhearsnachdan Ceilteach &amp;#xF9;r anns na t&amp;#xEC;rean-tuineachaidh; ’s ann anns an &amp;#xCC;mpireachd Bhreatannaich a bha a’ chuid a bu mhotha de na d&amp;#xF9;thchannan a ghabh ri in-imrich Cheilteach agus bha iad fo l&amp;#xE0;n-smachd na Beurla Shasannaich. Bha G&amp;#xE0;idhlig na h-Alba be&amp;#xF2; airson &amp;#xF9;ine ann am p&amp;#xE0;irtean de dh’Astr&amp;#xE0;ilia is Sealan Nuadh ach ’s e d&amp;#xEC;reach &amp;#xE0;ireamh bheag de dh’Albannaich a chaidh a dh’fhuireach anns na d&amp;#xF9;thchannan sin agus feadhainn gu h-ionadail a tha d&amp;#xE8;idheil air a’ ch&amp;#xE0;nan a chumas be&amp;#xF2; i an-diugh. Ach tha d&amp;#xE0; dh&amp;#xF9;thaich a tha eadar-dhealaichte oir chaidh c&amp;#xE0;nan Ceilteach a st&amp;#xE8;idheachadh gu l&amp;#xE0;idir annta; ’s iad sin Patagonia (Cuimris) agus Alba Nuadh (G&amp;#xE0;idhlig).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha feadhainn aig a bheil Cuimris fhathast a’ fuireach ann an Argentina, sliochd dhaoine a th&amp;#xF2;isich air a dhol a Mh&amp;#xF2;r-roinn Chubut ann an 1865; bha iad airson coimhearsnachdan a chruthachadh far nach rachadh a’ Chuimris agus a cultar &amp;#xE0; bith mar a bha a’ tachairt am measg nan eilthireach chaidh dh’Ameireagaidh a Tuath. Tha str&amp;#xEC; air a bhith aca an c&amp;#xE0;nan a chumail be&amp;#xF2;, agus i a’ tighinn fo bhuaidh na Sp&amp;#xE0;inntis ach, le taic a bharrachd a’ tighinn bhon Chuimrigh, tha &amp;#xF9;idh &amp;#xE0;s &amp;#xF9;r ann a bhith ag ionnsachadh agus ag adhartachadh na &lt;a class="oucontent-crossref" href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-8"&gt;Cuimris ann an Argentina&lt;sup&gt; 7&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chaidh a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig Albannach a st&amp;#xE8;idheachadh ann an Canada na bu tr&amp;#xE0;ithe na sin, anns an 18mh linn, mar thoradh air eilthireachd Gh&amp;#xE0;idheal (air adhbharan eacanomaigeach an toiseach is an uair sin air sg&amp;#xE0;th nam fuadaichean). Bha coimhearsnachdan anns an robh G&amp;#xE0;idhlig ga bruidhinn ann an grunn &amp;#xE0;iteachan ann an Canada, gu s&amp;#xF2;nraichte Ontario, Quebec, Bronsuig Nuadh, Eilean a’ Phrionnsa agus Alba Nuadh. Ann an 1867, nuair a chaidh co-chaidreachas Chanada a chruthachadh, thathar a’ d&amp;#xE8;anamh dheth gun robh a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig na treas c&amp;#xE0;nan as motha a bh’ air a’ bruidhinn ann an Canada, &amp;#xE0;s d&amp;#xE8;idh Beurla is Fraingis, le timcheall air 200,000 neach-labhairt. Aig an &amp;#xEC;re sin, bha Gaeilge fhathast aig m&amp;#xF2;ran eilthireach &amp;#xC8;ireannach cuideachd; mar sin bha dualchas G&amp;#xE0;idhlig aig Canada an 19mh linn na bu l&amp;#xE0;idire na fhuaradh ann an d&amp;#xF9;thaich sam bith eile taobh a-muigh Alba, &amp;#xC8;irinn no Manainn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S ann an Alba Nuadh gu s&amp;#xF2;nraichte a dh’fh&amp;#xE0;s is a leasaich G&amp;#xE0;idhlig na h-Alba, agus gu seachd &amp;#xE0;raidh air Eilean Cheap Bhreatainn. Ged a tha an c&amp;#xE0;nan air a dhol b&amp;#xE0;s ann an ce&amp;#xE0;rnaidhean eile de Chanada (taobh a-muigh bhuidhnean beaga de luchd-ionnsachaidh is luchd-taice), ghleidheadh coimhearsnachd de dhaoine aig a bheil an c&amp;#xE0;nan bho dh&amp;#xF9;thchas ann an Alba Nuadh, ged a tha i s&amp;#xEC;os a-nise gu d&amp;#xEC;reach beagan cheudan daoine, an coimeas ri faisg air 100,000, an treas cuid de shluagh na m&amp;#xF2;r-roinne, aig deireadh an 19mh linn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Coimhead an bhidio gu h-&amp;#xEC;osal airson beagan a bharrachd fhaighinn a-mach mu Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig ann an Ceap Breatainn&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div id="idm28282240" class="oucontent-media oucontent-audio-video oucontent-unstableid" style="width:400px;"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-default-filter "&gt;&lt;span class="oumediafilter"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/144d91e4/bho_thir_nan_craobh.mp4?forcedownload=1" class="oumedialinknoscript omp-spacer"&gt;Download this video clip.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="accesshide"&gt;Video player: A’ bruidhinn G&amp;#xE0;idhlig ann an Ceap Breatainn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="#" class="omp-enter-media omp-accesshide" tabindex="-1"&gt;
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    <dc:title>2.7 Sgaoileadh nan Ceilteach</dc:title><dc:identifier>Gaidhlig_1</dc:identifier><dc:description>&lt;p&gt;Ghluais slòigh aig an robh cànanan Ceilteach gu pàirtean eile dhen t-saoghal, a’ fàgail gu bheil na milleanan de dhaoine ann an Ameireagaidh a Tuath, Astràilia agus Sealan Nuadh aig a bheil sinnsireachd Cheilteach. Ach lagaich sin na cànanan nan dùthchannan màthaireil agus, anns an fharsaingeachd, cha do thogadh coimhearsnachdan Ceilteach ùr anns na tìrean-tuineachaidh; ’s ann anns an Ìmpireachd Bhreatannaich a bha a’ chuid a bu mhotha de na dùthchannan a ghabh ri in-imrich Cheilteach agus bha iad fo làn-smachd na Beurla Shasannaich. Bha Gàidhlig na h-Alba beò airson ùine ann am pàirtean de dh’Astràilia is Sealan Nuadh ach ’s e dìreach àireamh bheag de dh’Albannaich a chaidh a dh’fhuireach anns na dùthchannan sin agus feadhainn gu h-ionadail a tha dèidheil air a’ chànan a chumas beò i an-diugh. Ach tha dà dhùthaich a tha eadar-dhealaichte oir chaidh cànan Ceilteach a stèidheachadh gu làidir annta; ’s iad sin Patagonia (Cuimris) agus Alba Nuadh (Gàidhlig).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha feadhainn aig a bheil Cuimris fhathast a’ fuireach ann an Argentina, sliochd dhaoine a thòisich air a dhol a Mhòr-roinn Chubut ann an 1865; bha iad airson coimhearsnachdan a chruthachadh far nach rachadh a’ Chuimris agus a cultar à bith mar a bha a’ tachairt am measg nan eilthireach chaidh dh’Ameireagaidh a Tuath. Tha strì air a bhith aca an cànan a chumail beò, agus i a’ tighinn fo bhuaidh na Spàinntis ach, le taic a bharrachd a’ tighinn bhon Chuimrigh, tha ùidh às ùr ann a bhith ag ionnsachadh agus ag adhartachadh na &lt;a class="oucontent-crossref" href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-8"&gt;Cuimris ann an Argentina&lt;sup&gt; 7&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chaidh a’ Ghàidhlig Albannach a stèidheachadh ann an Canada na bu tràithe na sin, anns an 18mh linn, mar thoradh air eilthireachd Ghàidheal (air adhbharan eacanomaigeach an toiseach is an uair sin air sgàth nam fuadaichean). Bha coimhearsnachdan anns an robh Gàidhlig ga bruidhinn ann an grunn àiteachan ann an Canada, gu sònraichte Ontario, Quebec, Bronsuig Nuadh, Eilean a’ Phrionnsa agus Alba Nuadh. Ann an 1867, nuair a chaidh co-chaidreachas Chanada a chruthachadh, thathar a’ dèanamh dheth gun robh a’ Ghàidhlig na treas cànan as motha a bh’ air a’ bruidhinn ann an Canada, às dèidh Beurla is Fraingis, le timcheall air 200,000 neach-labhairt. Aig an ìre sin, bha Gaeilge fhathast aig mòran eilthireach Èireannach cuideachd; mar sin bha dualchas Gàidhlig aig Canada an 19mh linn na bu làidire na fhuaradh ann an dùthaich sam bith eile taobh a-muigh Alba, Èirinn no Manainn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S ann an Alba Nuadh gu sònraichte a dh’fhàs is a leasaich Gàidhlig na h-Alba, agus gu seachd àraidh air Eilean Cheap Bhreatainn. Ged a tha an cànan air a dhol bàs ann an ceàrnaidhean eile de Chanada (taobh a-muigh bhuidhnean beaga de luchd-ionnsachaidh is luchd-taice), ghleidheadh coimhearsnachd de dhaoine aig a bheil an cànan bho dhùthchas ann an Alba Nuadh, ged a tha i sìos a-nise gu dìreach beagan cheudan daoine, an coimeas ri faisg air 100,000, an treas cuid de shluagh na mòr-roinne, aig deireadh an 19mh linn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Coimhead an bhidio gu h-ìosal airson beagan a bharrachd fhaighinn a-mach mu Ghàidhlig ann an Ceap Breatainn&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div id="idm28282240" class="oucontent-media oucontent-audio-video oucontent-unstableid" style="width:400px;"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-default-filter "&gt;&lt;span class="oumediafilter"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/144d91e4/bho_thir_nan_craobh.mp4?forcedownload=1" class="oumedialinknoscript omp-spacer"&gt;Download this video clip.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="accesshide"&gt;Video player: A’ bruidhinn Gàidhlig ann an Ceap Breatainn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="#" class="omp-enter-media omp-accesshide" tabindex="-1"&gt;
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&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-media-download"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/144d91e4/bho_thir_nan_craobh.mp4?forcedownload=1" title="Download this video clip"&gt;Download&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-source-reference"&gt;Le cead &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/"&gt;BBC&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;A’ bruidhinn Gàidhlig ann an Ceap Breatainn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-interaction-print"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-interaction-unavailable"&gt;Interactive feature not available in single page view (&lt;a class="oucontent-crossref" href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-2.7#idm28282240"&gt;see it in standard view&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chan e a-mhàin gun do ghleidheadh an cànan ann an Alba Nuadh, ach tha cultar co-cheangailte ris a’ chànan gu math làidir cuideachd, le dualchas ainmeil de cheòl (gu sònraichte an fhìdheall) agus dannsa (gu h-àraidh dannsa-ceum). ’S e an aon àite taobh a-muigh Alba a chùm traidisean iongantach Albannach beò – na h-òrain luaidh – seinn òrain mar bhuidheann airson taic a chur ri luadh a’ chlò. Tha Gàidheil à Alba Nuadh air mòran a dhèanamh às leth dualchas cruinneil nan sgeulaichean Gàidhlig, a bharrachd air seinn, sgrìobhadh agus foillseachadh sa chànan. Agus ’s e Alba Nuadh an aon àite taobh a-muigh Alba far a bheil a’ Ghàidhlig Albannach a’ faighinn taic shònraichte bho bhuidheann riaghaltais. Ann an 2006 chruthaich Riaghaltas Alba Nuadh Oifis Iomairtean na Gàidhlig, fo cheannas Ministear, airson a bhith ag obair còmhla ri muinntir na h-Albann Nuaidh air cànain is dualchas na Gàidhlig ùrachadh anns a’ Mhóir-roinn’. Chruthaich coimhearsnachd Ghàidhlig Alba Nuadh a bratach fhèin cuideachd, mar a chithear gu h-ìosal.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:350px;"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/786bab25/gaelic_1_flag.jpg" alt="" width="350" height="338" style="max-width:350px;" class="oucontent-figure-image"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 15 Bratach coimhearsnachd na Gàidhlig ann an Alba Nuadh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;                    &lt;script&gt;
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      <title>2.8 Luchd-ionnsachaidh is luchd-taice air feadh an t-saoghail</title>
      <link>https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-2.8</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;Tha &amp;#xE0;ireamh nach beag de luchd-ionnsachaidh na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig taobh a-muigh Alba, agus m&amp;#xF2;ran dhiubh a’ cur feum air na cothroman a th’ ann airson ionnsachadh le goireasan eadar-l&amp;#xEC;n, samhail a’ &lt;span class="oucontent-linkwithtip"&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/Foghlam/Tagh-Cursa/Air-Astar/Cursa-Inntrigidh/index_en.html"&gt;Ch&amp;#xF9;rsa Inntrigidh&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; aig Sabhal M&amp;#xF2;r Ostaig. Tha cuid dhiubh ann an d&amp;#xF9;thchannan a ghabh ri buidhnean m&amp;#xF2;ra Gh&amp;#xE0;idheal, leithid Astr&amp;#xE0;ilia, Sealan Nuadh, Canada, na St&amp;#xE0;itean Aonaichte agus Argentina, a bharrachd air Sasainn, a’ Chuimrigh agus &amp;#xC8;irinn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div id="idm46253168" class="oucontent-media oucontent-audio-video oucontent-unstableid" style="width:400px;"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-default-filter "&gt;&lt;span class="oumediafilter"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/5c9073d6/cuairt_blog2.mp4?forcedownload=1" class="oumedialinknoscript omp-spacer"&gt;Download this video clip.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="accesshide"&gt;Video player: Blogaire G&amp;#xE0;idhlig ann an Los Angeles anns na St&amp;#xE0;itean Aonaichte&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="#" class="omp-enter-media omp-accesshide" tabindex="-1"&gt;
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&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-media-download"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/5c9073d6/cuairt_blog2.mp4?forcedownload=1" title="Download this video clip"&gt;Download&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Blogaire G&amp;#xE0;idhlig ann an Los Angeles anns na St&amp;#xE0;itean Aonaichte&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-interaction-print"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-interaction-unavailable"&gt;Interactive feature not available in single page view (&lt;a class="oucontent-crossref" href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-2.8#idm46253168"&gt;see it in standard view&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ach gheibhear luchd-ionnsachaidh na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig, cuid dhiubh a th’ air fileantachd a ruigsinn, ann an d&amp;#xF9;thchannan cho diofraichte ri Brasail, S&amp;#xEC;ona, an Ruis, Casagstan, an Ungair, a’ Ph&amp;#xF2;lainn, an Ostair agus an Eilbheis. Chan e sliochd nan G&amp;#xE0;idheal a th’ anns a’ mh&amp;#xF2;r-chuid de na daoine sin, ach feadhainn a bhuineas do dhualchais eugsamhail a thog &amp;#xF9;idh anns a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig, leis gun d’ fhuair iad rudeigin tarraingeach mu Alba is a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhealtachd – a ce&amp;#xF2;l, sgeulachdan, dualchas Ceilteach, a h-eachdraidh, b&amp;#xF2;idhchead na t&amp;#xEC;re agus/no na daoine fh&amp;#xE8;in.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S ann anns a’ Ghearmailt a tha a’ bhuidheann as motha de na daoine seo a’ fuireach. Tha M&amp;#xEC;cheal Klevenhaus na Ghearmailteach a tha fileanta ann an G&amp;#xE0;idhlig. Sgr&amp;#xEC;obh e leabhar ann an Gearmailtis airson luchd-ionnsachaidh na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig (Schottisch-G&amp;#xE4;lisch: Wort f&amp;#xFC;r Wort), agus bidh e a’ teagasg a’ ch&amp;#xE0;nain do 70 oileanach aig Oilthigh Bhonn. Tha grunn Ghearmailtich air G&amp;#xE0;idhlig ionnsachadh gu fileantachd agus tha cuid dhiubh a-nise a’ d&amp;#xE8;anamh bith-be&amp;#xF2; anns an eaconamaidh Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig ann an Alba fh&amp;#xE8;in.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure oucontent-media-mini"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/40b48f88/gaelic_1_fig015.jpg" alt="" width="280" height="330" style="max-width:280px;" class="oucontent-figure-image"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 16 Cruinneachadh de sgeulachdan goirid &amp;#xF9;ra air an sgr&amp;#xEC;obhadh ’s am foillseachadh an toiseach ann an G&amp;#xE0;idhlig (gu h-&amp;#xE0;rd) agus air an eadar-theangachadh an uairsin gu Gearmailtis (gu h-&amp;#xEC;osal)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure oucontent-media-mini"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/f03529cb/gaelic_1_fig016.jpg" alt="" width="280" height="330" style="max-width:280px;" class="oucontent-figure-image"/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha luchd-ionnsachaidh a’ cur gu m&amp;#xF2;r ri coimhearsnachd na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig ann an Alba, a’ sealltainn (do dh’Albannaich am measg eile!) gun gabh an c&amp;#xE0;nan ionnsachadh gu fileantachd mar inbheach gun duilgheadas m&amp;#xF2;r sam bith, agus gu bheil a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig gu math tarraingeach do dhaoine taobh a-muigh a coimhearsnachd thraidiseanta, daoine a bheir leotha dealas is l&amp;#xE8;irsinn &amp;#xF9;r.&lt;/p&gt;                    &lt;script&gt;
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    <dc:title>2.8 Luchd-ionnsachaidh is luchd-taice air feadh an t-saoghail</dc:title><dc:identifier>Gaidhlig_1</dc:identifier><dc:description>&lt;p&gt;Tha àireamh nach beag de luchd-ionnsachaidh na Gàidhlig taobh a-muigh Alba, agus mòran dhiubh a’ cur feum air na cothroman a th’ ann airson ionnsachadh le goireasan eadar-lìn, samhail a’ &lt;span class="oucontent-linkwithtip"&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/Foghlam/Tagh-Cursa/Air-Astar/Cursa-Inntrigidh/index_en.html"&gt;Chùrsa Inntrigidh&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; aig Sabhal Mòr Ostaig. Tha cuid dhiubh ann an dùthchannan a ghabh ri buidhnean mòra Ghàidheal, leithid Astràilia, Sealan Nuadh, Canada, na Stàitean Aonaichte agus Argentina, a bharrachd air Sasainn, a’ Chuimrigh agus Èirinn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div id="idm46253168" class="oucontent-media oucontent-audio-video oucontent-unstableid" style="width:400px;"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-default-filter "&gt;&lt;span class="oumediafilter"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/5c9073d6/cuairt_blog2.mp4?forcedownload=1" class="oumedialinknoscript omp-spacer"&gt;Download this video clip.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="accesshide"&gt;Video player: Blogaire Gàidhlig ann an Los Angeles anns na Stàitean Aonaichte&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="#" class="omp-enter-media omp-accesshide" tabindex="-1"&gt;
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&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-media-download"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/5c9073d6/cuairt_blog2.mp4?forcedownload=1" title="Download this video clip"&gt;Download&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Blogaire Gàidhlig ann an Los Angeles anns na Stàitean Aonaichte&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-interaction-print"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-interaction-unavailable"&gt;Interactive feature not available in single page view (&lt;a class="oucontent-crossref" href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-2.8#idm46253168"&gt;see it in standard view&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ach gheibhear luchd-ionnsachaidh na Gàidhlig, cuid dhiubh a th’ air fileantachd a ruigsinn, ann an dùthchannan cho diofraichte ri Brasail, Sìona, an Ruis, Casagstan, an Ungair, a’ Phòlainn, an Ostair agus an Eilbheis. Chan e sliochd nan Gàidheal a th’ anns a’ mhòr-chuid de na daoine sin, ach feadhainn a bhuineas do dhualchais eugsamhail a thog ùidh anns a’ Ghàidhlig, leis gun d’ fhuair iad rudeigin tarraingeach mu Alba is a’ Ghàidhealtachd – a ceòl, sgeulachdan, dualchas Ceilteach, a h-eachdraidh, bòidhchead na tìre agus/no na daoine fhèin.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S ann anns a’ Ghearmailt a tha a’ bhuidheann as motha de na daoine seo a’ fuireach. Tha Mìcheal Klevenhaus na Ghearmailteach a tha fileanta ann an Gàidhlig. Sgrìobh e leabhar ann an Gearmailtis airson luchd-ionnsachaidh na Gàidhlig (Schottisch-Gälisch: Wort für Wort), agus bidh e a’ teagasg a’ chànain do 70 oileanach aig Oilthigh Bhonn. Tha grunn Ghearmailtich air Gàidhlig ionnsachadh gu fileantachd agus tha cuid dhiubh a-nise a’ dèanamh bith-beò anns an eaconamaidh Ghàidhlig ann an Alba fhèin.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure oucontent-media-mini"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/40b48f88/gaelic_1_fig015.jpg" alt="" width="280" height="330" style="max-width:280px;" class="oucontent-figure-image"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 16 Cruinneachadh de sgeulachdan goirid ùra air an sgrìobhadh ’s am foillseachadh an toiseach ann an Gàidhlig (gu h-àrd) agus air an eadar-theangachadh an uairsin gu Gearmailtis (gu h-ìosal)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure oucontent-media-mini"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/f03529cb/gaelic_1_fig016.jpg" alt="" width="280" height="330" style="max-width:280px;" class="oucontent-figure-image"/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha luchd-ionnsachaidh a’ cur gu mòr ri coimhearsnachd na Gàidhlig ann an Alba, a’ sealltainn (do dh’Albannaich am measg eile!) gun gabh an cànan ionnsachadh gu fileantachd mar inbheach gun duilgheadas mòr sam bith, agus gu bheil a’ Ghàidhlig gu math tarraingeach do dhaoine taobh a-muigh a coimhearsnachd thraidiseanta, daoine a bheir leotha dealas is lèirsinn ùr.&lt;/p&gt;                    &lt;script&gt;
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    <item>
      <title>3.1.1 &amp;#x2018;Tha mise!&amp;#x2019;</title>
      <link>https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-3.1.1</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;Seo eisimpleir de thri&amp;#xF9;ir dhaoine eadar-dhealaichte a tha a’ bruidhinn na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table oucontent-s-normal oucontent-s-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table-wrapper"&gt;&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-inlinefigure"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/95aba2c9/gaelic_1_fig019.jpg" alt="" width="94" height="104" style="max-width:94px;" class="oucontent-inlinefigure-image"/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;Karen&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&amp;#x2018;Mise Karen. Tha mi 18 agus tha mi air a bhith a’ fuireach an Inbhir Nis fad mo bheatha. Bha G&amp;#xE0;idhlig aig teaghlach mo sheanair agus bha mo ph&amp;#xE0;rantan airson gum biodh i agamsa cuideachd. Tha mi uabhasach toilichte gun do rinn mi sin. Chaidh mi gu clas G&amp;#xE0;idhlig ann an Inbhir Nis agus tha mi fortanach gu bheil t&amp;#xF2;rr chothroman air a bhith agam a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig a chleachdadh, mar eisimpleir ann an ce&amp;#xF2;l. San t-Sultain 2011 tha mi dol dhan Oilthigh far am bi mi a’ d&amp;#xE8;anamh G&amp;#xE0;idhlig agus Eachdraidh agus ’s d&amp;#xF2;cha Poilitigs.’&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-inlinefigure"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/020f79ba/gaelic_1_fig032_a.jpg" alt="" width="94" height="104" style="max-width:94px;" class="oucontent-inlinefigure-image"/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cr&amp;#xEC;sdean&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&amp;#x2018;Mise Cr&amp;#xEC;sdean. Bha Fraingis agus Beurla agam san dachaigh agus dh’ionnsaich mi a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig anns an sgoil agus ann an Colaiste Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig. Tha diofar obraichean air a bhith agam ann an saoghal na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig.’&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-inlinefigure"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/1882470f/gaelic_1_fig078.jpg" alt="" width="94" height="105" style="max-width:94px;" class="oucontent-inlinefigure-image"/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;D&amp;#xF2;mhnall-Iain&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&amp;#x2018;Mise D&amp;#xF2;mhnall-Iain. Chaidh mo thogail ann an sg&amp;#xEC;re Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig anns Na h-Eileanan an Iar agus b’ i a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig a’ chiad ch&amp;#xE0;nan agam. Bidh mi a’ bruidhinn G&amp;#xE0;idhlig rim theaghlach, ri caraidean agus, mus do leig mi dh&amp;#xEC;om mo dhreuchd, bhithinn ga bruidhinn nam obair-latha.’&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-3.1.1</guid>
    <dc:title>3.1.1 ‘Tha mise!’</dc:title><dc:identifier>Gaidhlig_1</dc:identifier><dc:description>&lt;p&gt;Seo eisimpleir de thriùir dhaoine eadar-dhealaichte a tha a’ bruidhinn na Gàidhlig.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table oucontent-s-normal oucontent-s-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table-wrapper"&gt;&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-inlinefigure"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/95aba2c9/gaelic_1_fig019.jpg" alt="" width="94" height="104" style="max-width:94px;" class="oucontent-inlinefigure-image"/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;Karen&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;‘Mise Karen. Tha mi 18 agus tha mi air a bhith a’ fuireach an Inbhir Nis fad mo bheatha. Bha Gàidhlig aig teaghlach mo sheanair agus bha mo phàrantan airson gum biodh i agamsa cuideachd. Tha mi uabhasach toilichte gun do rinn mi sin. Chaidh mi gu clas Gàidhlig ann an Inbhir Nis agus tha mi fortanach gu bheil tòrr chothroman air a bhith agam a’ Ghàidhlig a chleachdadh, mar eisimpleir ann an ceòl. San t-Sultain 2011 tha mi dol dhan Oilthigh far am bi mi a’ dèanamh Gàidhlig agus Eachdraidh agus ’s dòcha Poilitigs.’&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-inlinefigure"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/020f79ba/gaelic_1_fig032_a.jpg" alt="" width="94" height="104" style="max-width:94px;" class="oucontent-inlinefigure-image"/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;Crìsdean&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;‘Mise Crìsdean. Bha Fraingis agus Beurla agam san dachaigh agus dh’ionnsaich mi a’ Ghàidhlig anns an sgoil agus ann an Colaiste Ghàidhlig. Tha diofar obraichean air a bhith agam ann an saoghal na Gàidhlig.’&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-inlinefigure"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/1882470f/gaelic_1_fig078.jpg" alt="" width="94" height="105" style="max-width:94px;" class="oucontent-inlinefigure-image"/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dòmhnall-Iain&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;‘Mise Dòmhnall-Iain. Chaidh mo thogail ann an sgìre Ghàidhlig anns Na h-Eileanan an Iar agus b’ i a’ Ghàidhlig a’ chiad chànan agam. Bidh mi a’ bruidhinn Gàidhlig rim theaghlach, ri caraidean agus, mus do leig mi dhìom mo dhreuchd, bhithinn ga bruidhinn nam obair-latha.’&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</dc:description><dc:publisher>The Open University</dc:publisher><dc:creator>The Open University</dc:creator><dc:type>Course</dc:type><dc:format>text/html</dc:format><dc:language>en-GB</dc:language><dc:source>Cànan nan Gàidheal - Gaidhlig_1</dc:source><cc:license>Copyright © 2016 The Open University</cc:license></item>
    <item>
      <title>3.1.2 An Dealbh M&amp;#xF2;r</title>
      <link>https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-3.1.2</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;Bha 58,652 duine a bhruidhneadh a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig aig &amp;#xE0;m Cunntas-sluaigh 2001 agus 19,750 eile a thuigeadh a’ ch&amp;#xE0;nan.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Den luchd-labhairt, bha 33,315 (57% den iomlan) a’ fuireach ann an coimhearsnachdan G&amp;#xE0;idhlig sa Gh&amp;#xE0;idhealtachd agus na h-Eileanan. ’S ann anns na h-Eileanan an Iar (le 15,723 luchd-labhairt) a bu mhotha a bha, le 62.3% den t-sluagh gu l&amp;#xE8;ir agus cuid a sg&amp;#xEC;rean nas &amp;#xE0;irde na 80%. Bha 35.5% de shluagh an Eilean Sgitheanaich (3,999 neach gu l&amp;#xE8;ir) comasach air a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig a bhruidhinn agus bha aon sg&amp;#xEC;re nas &amp;#xE0;irde na 70%.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bha an 13,593 a tha air fh&amp;#xE0;gail sgapte eadar Earra-Gh&amp;#xE0;idheal agus B&amp;#xF2;d agus t&amp;#xEC;r-m&amp;#xF2;r na G&amp;#xE0;idhealtachd, a’ gabhail a-steach 2,820 ann am baile Inbhir Nis. Tha a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig ga cleachdadh gu l&amp;#xE0;itheil anns a’ mh&amp;#xF2;r-chuid de na coimhearsnachdan sin, gu h-&amp;#xE0;raidh anns Na h-Eileanan an Iar agus san Eilean Sgitheanach.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table oucontent-s-normal oucontent-s-box"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h3 oucontent-heading oucontent-nonumber"&gt;Cl&amp;#xE0;r 5 Cunntas Sg&amp;#xEC;rean G&amp;#xE0;idhlig an Alba&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table-wrapper"&gt;&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Sg&amp;#xEC;re&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;G&amp;#xE0;idhlig&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Comhairle nan Eilean Siar&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;15,723&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;An t-Eilean Sgitheanach agus Loch Aillse&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;3,999&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;An c&amp;#xF2;rr den Gh&amp;#xE0;idhealtachd (T&amp;#xEC;r-m&amp;#xF2;r)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;8,670&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Earra-Gh&amp;#xE0;idheal agus B&amp;#xF2;d&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;4,168&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Sg&amp;#xEC;rean G&amp;#xE0;idhlig eile&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;755&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Iomlan, sg&amp;#xEC;rean G&amp;#xE0;idhlig&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;33,315&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bha 25,337 de luchd-labhairt na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig a’ fuireach an taobh a-muigh de na sg&amp;#xEC;rean traidiseanta G&amp;#xE0;idhlig ann an 2001. Bha iad rim faighinn air feadh Alba, le &amp;#xE0;ireamhan gu h-&amp;#xE0;raidh &amp;#xE0;rd ann am bailtean m&amp;#xF2;ra mar Glaschu (5,731), D&amp;#xF9;n &amp;#xC8;ideann (3,132) agus Obar Dheathain (1,420). Tha m&amp;#xF2;ran dhiubh seo cuideachd a bhios a’ cleachdadh na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig nam beatha l&amp;#xE0;itheil: ann an seadh tha iad nan coimhearsnachd am broinn coimhearsnachd anns na bailtean sin.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table oucontent-s-normal oucontent-s-box"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h3 oucontent-heading oucontent-nonumber"&gt;Cl&amp;#xE0;r 6 Cunntas &amp;#xE0;ireamhan luchd-labhairt na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig an Alba&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table-wrapper"&gt;&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Sg&amp;#xEC;re&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;G&amp;#xE0;idhlig&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Iomlan, sg&amp;#xEC;rean G&amp;#xE0;idhlig&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;33,315&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;An c&amp;#xF2;rr de Alba&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;25,337&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Iomlan&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;58,652&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gheibhear map a’ sealltainn na tha de luchd-labhairt G&amp;#xE0;idhlig anns a h-uile sg&amp;#xEC;re air feadh Alba ann an Aithisg na h-Oifis Cl&amp;#xE0;raidh Choitcheann (GRO) air Cunntas-sluaigh 2001 aig: &lt;span class="oucontent-linkwithtip"&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/files/gaelic-rep-english-appendix.pdf"&gt;www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;files/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;gaelic-rep-english-appendix.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;B’ e 45.9 bliadhna an aois chuibheasach aig luchd-labhairt na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig ann an 2001, 18% nas &amp;#xE0;irde na an aois chuibheasach aig sluagh Alba gu l&amp;#xE8;ir (39 bliadhna). Tha an cl&amp;#xE0;r seo a’ sealltainn na h-aon dealbh sin o shealladh eile.:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table oucontent-s-normal oucontent-s-box"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h3 oucontent-heading oucontent-nonumber"&gt;Cl&amp;#xE0;r 7 Aois chuibheasach luchd-labhairt na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table-wrapper"&gt;&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Aois&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Luchd-labhairt&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;0-20 bliadhna dh’aois&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;10,158&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;45-64 bliadhna dh’aois&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;16,855&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chaidh an graf seo ullachadh leis a’ bhuidheann-rannsachaidh, Sgr&amp;#xF9;d.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:450px;"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/156951c7/gaelic_1_fig021.jpg" alt="" width="450" height="265" style="max-width:450px;" class="oucontent-figure-image oucontent-media-wide"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-source-reference"&gt;Anailis: C Mac Fhionghain &amp;#xA9; 2003 SGR&amp;#xD9;D Rannsachadh&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber oucontent-caption-placeholder"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gheibhear an graf seo agus feadhainn eile de a leithid aig: &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.cnag.org.uk/munghaidhlig/stats/01censusagepercagetotal.php"&gt;Comunn na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S e fileantaich a dh’ionnsaich a’ ch&amp;#xE0;nan anns an dachaigh agus a’ choimhearsnachd, mar as trice air a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhealtachd no sna h-Eileanan, a tha anns a’ mh&amp;#xF2;r-chuid den luchd-labhairt as sine. A thaobh an fheadhainn as &amp;#xF2;ige, tha a’ mh&amp;#xF2;r-chuid dhiubhsan a-nise a’ togail na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig anns an sgoil, gu h-&amp;#xE0;raidh ann am foghlam tro mheadhan na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig, air feadh Alba. Tha grunn inbhich ag ionnsachadh na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig cuideachd, cuid dhiubh o air taobh a-muigh Alba.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-box oucontent-s-heavybox1 oucontent-s-box "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h3 oucontent-heading oucontent-nonumber"&gt;Bogsa 1&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gheibhear fiosrachadh mionaideach bho Chunntas-sluaigh 2001 aig:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul class="oucontent-bulleted"&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/files/gaelic-rep-english-commentary.pdf"&gt;Aithisg, teacsa&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/files/gaelic-rep-english-tables.xls"&gt;Aithisg, cl&amp;#xE0;ir&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/files/gaelic-rep-english-charts.pdf"&gt;E&amp;#xE0;rr-r&amp;#xE0;dh, cl&amp;#xE0;ir&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-3.1.2</guid>
    <dc:title>3.1.2 An Dealbh Mòr</dc:title><dc:identifier>Gaidhlig_1</dc:identifier><dc:description>&lt;p&gt;Bha 58,652 duine a bhruidhneadh a’ Ghàidhlig aig àm Cunntas-sluaigh 2001 agus 19,750 eile a thuigeadh a’ chànan.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Den luchd-labhairt, bha 33,315 (57% den iomlan) a’ fuireach ann an coimhearsnachdan Gàidhlig sa Ghàidhealtachd agus na h-Eileanan. ’S ann anns na h-Eileanan an Iar (le 15,723 luchd-labhairt) a bu mhotha a bha, le 62.3% den t-sluagh gu lèir agus cuid a sgìrean nas àirde na 80%. Bha 35.5% de shluagh an Eilean Sgitheanaich (3,999 neach gu lèir) comasach air a’ Ghàidhlig a bhruidhinn agus bha aon sgìre nas àirde na 70%.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bha an 13,593 a tha air fhàgail sgapte eadar Earra-Ghàidheal agus Bòd agus tìr-mòr na Gàidhealtachd, a’ gabhail a-steach 2,820 ann am baile Inbhir Nis. Tha a’ Ghàidhlig ga cleachdadh gu làitheil anns a’ mhòr-chuid de na coimhearsnachdan sin, gu h-àraidh anns Na h-Eileanan an Iar agus san Eilean Sgitheanach.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table oucontent-s-normal oucontent-s-box"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h3 oucontent-heading oucontent-nonumber"&gt;Clàr 5 Cunntas Sgìrean Gàidhlig an Alba&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table-wrapper"&gt;&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Sgìre&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Gàidhlig&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Comhairle nan Eilean Siar&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;15,723&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;An t-Eilean Sgitheanach agus Loch Aillse&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;3,999&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;An còrr den Ghàidhealtachd (Tìr-mòr)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;8,670&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Earra-Ghàidheal agus Bòd&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;4,168&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Sgìrean Gàidhlig eile&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;755&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Iomlan, sgìrean Gàidhlig&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;33,315&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bha 25,337 de luchd-labhairt na Gàidhlig a’ fuireach an taobh a-muigh de na sgìrean traidiseanta Gàidhlig ann an 2001. Bha iad rim faighinn air feadh Alba, le àireamhan gu h-àraidh àrd ann am bailtean mòra mar Glaschu (5,731), Dùn Èideann (3,132) agus Obar Dheathain (1,420). Tha mòran dhiubh seo cuideachd a bhios a’ cleachdadh na Gàidhlig nam beatha làitheil: ann an seadh tha iad nan coimhearsnachd am broinn coimhearsnachd anns na bailtean sin.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table oucontent-s-normal oucontent-s-box"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h3 oucontent-heading oucontent-nonumber"&gt;Clàr 6 Cunntas àireamhan luchd-labhairt na Gàidhlig an Alba&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table-wrapper"&gt;&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Sgìre&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Gàidhlig&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Iomlan, sgìrean Gàidhlig&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;33,315&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;An còrr de Alba&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;25,337&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Iomlan&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;58,652&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gheibhear map a’ sealltainn na tha de luchd-labhairt Gàidhlig anns a h-uile sgìre air feadh Alba ann an Aithisg na h-Oifis Clàraidh Choitcheann (GRO) air Cunntas-sluaigh 2001 aig: &lt;span class="oucontent-linkwithtip"&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/files/gaelic-rep-english-appendix.pdf"&gt;www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;files/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;gaelic-rep-english-appendix.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;B’ e 45.9 bliadhna an aois chuibheasach aig luchd-labhairt na Gàidhlig ann an 2001, 18% nas àirde na an aois chuibheasach aig sluagh Alba gu lèir (39 bliadhna). Tha an clàr seo a’ sealltainn na h-aon dealbh sin o shealladh eile.:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table oucontent-s-normal oucontent-s-box"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h3 oucontent-heading oucontent-nonumber"&gt;Clàr 7 Aois chuibheasach luchd-labhairt na Gàidhlig&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table-wrapper"&gt;&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Aois&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Luchd-labhairt&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;0-20 bliadhna dh’aois&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;10,158&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;45-64 bliadhna dh’aois&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;16,855&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chaidh an graf seo ullachadh leis a’ bhuidheann-rannsachaidh, Sgrùd.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:450px;"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/156951c7/gaelic_1_fig021.jpg" alt="" width="450" height="265" style="max-width:450px;" class="oucontent-figure-image oucontent-media-wide"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-source-reference"&gt;Anailis: C Mac Fhionghain © 2003 SGRÙD Rannsachadh&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber oucontent-caption-placeholder"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gheibhear an graf seo agus feadhainn eile de a leithid aig: &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.cnag.org.uk/munghaidhlig/stats/01censusagepercagetotal.php"&gt;Comunn na Gàidhlig&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S e fileantaich a dh’ionnsaich a’ chànan anns an dachaigh agus a’ choimhearsnachd, mar as trice air a’ Ghàidhealtachd no sna h-Eileanan, a tha anns a’ mhòr-chuid den luchd-labhairt as sine. A thaobh an fheadhainn as òige, tha a’ mhòr-chuid dhiubhsan a-nise a’ togail na Gàidhlig anns an sgoil, gu h-àraidh ann am foghlam tro mheadhan na Gàidhlig, air feadh Alba. Tha grunn inbhich ag ionnsachadh na Gàidhlig cuideachd, cuid dhiubh o air taobh a-muigh Alba.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-box oucontent-s-heavybox1 oucontent-s-box "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h3 oucontent-heading oucontent-nonumber"&gt;Bogsa 1&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gheibhear fiosrachadh mionaideach bho Chunntas-sluaigh 2001 aig:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul class="oucontent-bulleted"&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/files/gaelic-rep-english-commentary.pdf"&gt;Aithisg, teacsa&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/files/gaelic-rep-english-tables.xls"&gt;Aithisg, clàir&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/files/gaelic-rep-english-charts.pdf"&gt;Eàrr-ràdh, clàir&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</dc:description><dc:publisher>The Open University</dc:publisher><dc:creator>The Open University</dc:creator><dc:type>Course</dc:type><dc:format>text/html</dc:format><dc:language>en-GB</dc:language><dc:source>Cànan nan Gàidheal - Gaidhlig_1</dc:source><cc:license>Copyright © 2016 The Open University</cc:license></item>
    <item>
      <title>3.2 Carson cr&amp;#xEC;onadh?</title>
      <link>https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-3.2</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;Th&amp;#xE0;inig a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig a dh’Alba &amp;#xE0; &amp;#xC8;irinn anns na linntean tr&amp;#xE0;th RC agus bha i na pr&amp;#xEC;omh ch&amp;#xE0;nan san d&amp;#xF9;thaich ro dheireadh a mh&amp;#xEC;le bliadhna sin. Tha i air as bhith a’ cr&amp;#xEC;onadh riamh on uair sin, ge-t&amp;#xE0;, air diofar adhbhair.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-3.2</guid>
    <dc:title>3.2 Carson crìonadh?</dc:title><dc:identifier>Gaidhlig_1</dc:identifier><dc:description>&lt;p&gt;Thàinig a’ Ghàidhlig a dh’Alba à Èirinn anns na linntean tràth RC agus bha i na prìomh chànan san dùthaich ro dheireadh a mhìle bliadhna sin. Tha i air as bhith a’ crìonadh riamh on uair sin, ge-tà, air diofar adhbhair.&lt;/p&gt;</dc:description><dc:publisher>The Open University</dc:publisher><dc:creator>The Open University</dc:creator><dc:type>Course</dc:type><dc:format>text/html</dc:format><dc:language>en-GB</dc:language><dc:source>Cànan nan Gàidheal - Gaidhlig_1</dc:source><cc:license>Copyright © 2016 The Open University</cc:license></item>
    <item>
      <title>3.2.1 Poilitigs agus Eaconamas</title>
      <link>https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-3.2.1</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;Ghabh Fraingis &amp;#xE0;ite na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig ann an c&amp;#xF9;irt R&amp;#xEC;gh Chaluim a’ Chinn Mh&amp;#xF2;ir agus na B&amp;#xE0;nrigh Mairead san 11amh linn. On a sin a-mach th&amp;#xE0;inig a’ Bheurla Albannach beag air bheag gu bhith na pr&amp;#xEC;omh ch&amp;#xE0;nan anns na bailtean &amp;#xF9;ra. Thairis air na linntean a lean chaidh a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig a phutadh air ais ceum air cheum chun an &amp;#xE0;irde tuath agus an iar.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Am measg nan oidhirpean a rinn Cr&amp;#xF9;n Alba gus a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhealtachd agus na h-Eileanan fhaighinn fo an smachd bha laghan leithid nan &amp;#x2018;Statutes of Iona’, Reachdan I ann an 1609 a dh’fheuch ris a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig a lagachadh am measg nan uaislean le bhith ag iarraidh gum biodh na mic as sine aca air an oideachadh tron Bheurla ann an sgoiltean Gallda.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:450px;"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/b0a53829/gaelic_1_fig023.jpg" alt="" width="450" height="338" style="max-width:450px;" class="oucontent-figure-image oucontent-media-wide"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 17 Bha birlinnean, samhla de chumhachd nam fineachan G&amp;#xE0;idhealach, cuideachd air an toirmeasg le Reachdan &amp;#xCC;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Th&amp;#xE0;inig n&amp;#xE0;dar de &amp;#x2018;diglossia’ am b&amp;#xE0;rr tro th&amp;#xEC;de anns an robh a’ Bheurla air a cleachdadh ann an obair an riaghaltais agus bhuidhnean poblach eile agus a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig air a cur gu feum d&amp;#xEC;reach anns an dachaigh agus a’ choimhearsnachd.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Anns na bliadhnaichean mu dheireadh &amp;#x2018;s e d&amp;#xEC;th inbhe san lagh an trioblaid as motha a tha air a bhith aig a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig seach toirmeasg no d&amp;#xEC;meas sam bith a bha air a dh&amp;#xE8;anamh oirre. Tha cunntas anns an ath earrann air mar a chaidh seo a leasachadh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dh’fhuiling G&amp;#xE0;idhealtachd agus Eileanan Alba m&amp;#xF2;ran bochdainn, d&amp;#xEC;th obrach agus imrich thar nam bliadhnaichean, leithid Fuadaichean agus gaise a’ bhunt&amp;#xE0;ta san 19amh linn agus cogaidhean m&amp;#xF2;ra na 20amh linn. Bha d&amp;#xE0; she&amp;#xF2;rsa buaidh aig seo air suidheachadh na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;An toiseach, bha e ciallachadh gun deach coimhearsnachdan G&amp;#xE0;idhlig a bhriseadh an-&amp;#xE0;ird agus luchd na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig, a’ chuid mh&amp;#xF2;r dhiubh &amp;#xF2;g, air an sgapadh a dh’&amp;#xE0;itichean mar Glaschu no Canada.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S e a’ bhuaidh a bu mhiosa, ge-t&amp;#xE0;, gun tug e air daoine a bhith smaoineachadh nach robh luach sam bith anns a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig. Dh’fh&amp;#xE0;g seo sgoiltean &amp;#x2018;ag ullachadh chloinne airson imrich’ agus p&amp;#xE0;rantan a’ roghnachadh gun a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig a thoirt dhan clann.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-3.2.1</guid>
    <dc:title>3.2.1 Poilitigs agus Eaconamas</dc:title><dc:identifier>Gaidhlig_1</dc:identifier><dc:description>&lt;p&gt;Ghabh Fraingis àite na Gàidhlig ann an cùirt Rìgh Chaluim a’ Chinn Mhòir agus na Bànrigh Mairead san 11amh linn. On a sin a-mach thàinig a’ Bheurla Albannach beag air bheag gu bhith na prìomh chànan anns na bailtean ùra. Thairis air na linntean a lean chaidh a’ Ghàidhlig a phutadh air ais ceum air cheum chun an àirde tuath agus an iar.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Am measg nan oidhirpean a rinn Crùn Alba gus a’ Ghàidhealtachd agus na h-Eileanan fhaighinn fo an smachd bha laghan leithid nan ‘Statutes of Iona’, Reachdan I ann an 1609 a dh’fheuch ris a’ Ghàidhlig a lagachadh am measg nan uaislean le bhith ag iarraidh gum biodh na mic as sine aca air an oideachadh tron Bheurla ann an sgoiltean Gallda.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:450px;"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/b0a53829/gaelic_1_fig023.jpg" alt="" width="450" height="338" style="max-width:450px;" class="oucontent-figure-image oucontent-media-wide"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 17 Bha birlinnean, samhla de chumhachd nam fineachan Gàidhealach, cuideachd air an toirmeasg le Reachdan Ì&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Thàinig nàdar de ‘diglossia’ am bàrr tro thìde anns an robh a’ Bheurla air a cleachdadh ann an obair an riaghaltais agus bhuidhnean poblach eile agus a’ Ghàidhlig air a cur gu feum dìreach anns an dachaigh agus a’ choimhearsnachd.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Anns na bliadhnaichean mu dheireadh ‘s e dìth inbhe san lagh an trioblaid as motha a tha air a bhith aig a’ Ghàidhlig seach toirmeasg no dìmeas sam bith a bha air a dhèanamh oirre. Tha cunntas anns an ath earrann air mar a chaidh seo a leasachadh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dh’fhuiling Gàidhealtachd agus Eileanan Alba mòran bochdainn, dìth obrach agus imrich thar nam bliadhnaichean, leithid Fuadaichean agus gaise a’ bhuntàta san 19amh linn agus cogaidhean mòra na 20amh linn. Bha dà sheòrsa buaidh aig seo air suidheachadh na Gàidhlig.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;An toiseach, bha e ciallachadh gun deach coimhearsnachdan Gàidhlig a bhriseadh an-àird agus luchd na Gàidhlig, a’ chuid mhòr dhiubh òg, air an sgapadh a dh’àitichean mar Glaschu no Canada.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S e a’ bhuaidh a bu mhiosa, ge-tà, gun tug e air daoine a bhith smaoineachadh nach robh luach sam bith anns a’ Ghàidhlig. Dh’fhàg seo sgoiltean ‘ag ullachadh chloinne airson imrich’ agus pàrantan a’ roghnachadh gun a’ Ghàidhlig a thoirt dhan clann.&lt;/p&gt;</dc:description><dc:publisher>The Open University</dc:publisher><dc:creator>The Open University</dc:creator><dc:type>Course</dc:type><dc:format>text/html</dc:format><dc:language>en-GB</dc:language><dc:source>Cànan nan Gàidheal - Gaidhlig_1</dc:source><cc:license>Copyright © 2016 The Open University</cc:license></item>
    <item>
      <title>3.2.2 Foghlam agus buaidhean cultarach</title>
      <link>https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-3.2.2</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;Ged a bha tomhas de Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig anns na sgoiltean eaglaise a th&amp;#xE0;inig roimpe, cha robh guth air a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig ann an Achd Foghlaim (Alba) 1872, an reachdas a thug a-steach foghlam dha na h-uile ann an Alba. Mar thoradh air seo cha robh m&amp;#xF2;ran sam bith G&amp;#xE0;idhlig air a teagasg, agus bha nas lugha air a chleachdadh mar mheadhan teagaisg, anns na sgoiltean &amp;#xF9;ra. ’S ann a bha cuid a’ peanasachadh chloinne airson a bhith ga bruidhinn mar a chithear san eisimpleir seo.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-box oucontent-s-heavybox1 oucontent-s-box "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h3 oucontent-heading oucontent-nonumber"&gt;Bogsa 2&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#x2018;Archy has a vivid memory of when he was very young sitting on his grandfather’s knees, gazing into his intensely blue eyes and white beard, and being told about the persecution the children were subjected to when his grandfather, Archibald, was a boy at school for speaking in Gaelic. They were severely belted and a tessera board (maide-crochaidh) was hung round their neck and if they had not betrayed another Gaelic speaking class-mate by 4pm they got another belting. If the child had not handed over the board by the morning attendance at school another belting was administered and so on.’&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-source-reference"&gt;The Shielfoot Macphersons and a Journey of Discovery’ le Ewen S. L. MacPherson, ann an Creag Dhubh 1994 No. 46, iris Comann Chloinn ’ic a’ Phearsain.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chaidh m&amp;#xF2;ran str&amp;#xEC; a dh&amp;#xE8;anamh thar nam bliadhnaichean an aghaidh seo agus chaidh grunn phr&amp;#xF2;iseactan foghlaim a chur air d&amp;#xF2;igh gus an suidheachadh seo a leasachadh. B’ e Achd Foghlaim 1918, a dh’iarr air &amp;#xF9;ghdarrasan foghlaim &amp;#x2018;ullachadh reusanta a dh&amp;#xE8;anamh airson na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig’, Pr&amp;#xF2;iseact D&amp;#xE0;-ch&amp;#xE0;nanach Comhairle nan Eilean agus, o chionn ghoirid, foghlam tro mheadhan na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig eisimpleirean den seo: bidh cunntas orra san ath earrann.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Anns na bliadhnaichean &amp;#xE0;s d&amp;#xE8;idh an Dara Cogaidh, agus gu h-&amp;#xE0;raidh o na 1960an, dh’fhosgail a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhealtachd agus na h-Eileanan a-mach barrachd ris an t-saoghal mh&amp;#xF2;r, gu h-&amp;#xE0;raidh tron telebhisean a bha mar dhoras gu cultar &amp;#x2018;pop’ an ama. ’S e aon bhuaidh a bha aig seo, am measg rudan eile, gun do th&amp;#xF2;isich an &amp;#xF2;igridh gu h-&amp;#xE0;raidh a’ faicinn na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig mar rud seann-fhasanta agus th&amp;#xF2;isich iad a’ cur an c&amp;#xF9;l rithe, gl&amp;#xE8; thric an aghaidh toil am p&amp;#xE0;rantan agus a dh’aindeoin leasaichidhean ann am foghlam mar Pr&amp;#xF2;iseact D&amp;#xE0;-ch&amp;#xE0;nanach Comhairle nan Eilean.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Th&amp;#xF2;isich an Cunntas-Sluaigh N&amp;#xE0;iseanta a’ cl&amp;#xE0;radh an &amp;#xE0;ireamh a bha a’ bruidhinn na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig ann an 1881 agus tha seo air a bhith a’ sealltainn mar a tha a’ ch&amp;#xE0;nan air a bhith a’ dol air ais on uair sin, bhon 254,415 a bha ga bruidhinn ann an 1891, mar eisimpleir, chun an 58,652 a bha air fh&amp;#xE0;gail ann an 2001. Chaidh an graf seo ullachadh le Sgr&amp;#xF9;d:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:350px;"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/9611d42a/4d2b108f/slide12.jpg" alt="" width="350" height="230" style="max-width:350px;" class="oucontent-figure-image"/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gheibhear an graf seo agus feadhainn eile de a leithid aig: &lt;span class="oucontent-linkwithtip"&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.cnag.org.uk/munghaidhlig/stats/gaelspeakers.php"&gt;www.cnag.org.uk/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;munghaidhlig/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;stats/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;gaelspeakers.php&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-3.2.2</guid>
    <dc:title>3.2.2 Foghlam agus buaidhean cultarach</dc:title><dc:identifier>Gaidhlig_1</dc:identifier><dc:description>&lt;p&gt;Ged a bha tomhas de Ghàidhlig anns na sgoiltean eaglaise a thàinig roimpe, cha robh guth air a’ Ghàidhlig ann an Achd Foghlaim (Alba) 1872, an reachdas a thug a-steach foghlam dha na h-uile ann an Alba. Mar thoradh air seo cha robh mòran sam bith Gàidhlig air a teagasg, agus bha nas lugha air a chleachdadh mar mheadhan teagaisg, anns na sgoiltean ùra. ’S ann a bha cuid a’ peanasachadh chloinne airson a bhith ga bruidhinn mar a chithear san eisimpleir seo.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-box oucontent-s-heavybox1 oucontent-s-box "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h3 oucontent-heading oucontent-nonumber"&gt;Bogsa 2&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;p&gt;‘Archy has a vivid memory of when he was very young sitting on his grandfather’s knees, gazing into his intensely blue eyes and white beard, and being told about the persecution the children were subjected to when his grandfather, Archibald, was a boy at school for speaking in Gaelic. They were severely belted and a tessera board (maide-crochaidh) was hung round their neck and if they had not betrayed another Gaelic speaking class-mate by 4pm they got another belting. If the child had not handed over the board by the morning attendance at school another belting was administered and so on.’&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-source-reference"&gt;The Shielfoot Macphersons and a Journey of Discovery’ le Ewen S. L. MacPherson, ann an Creag Dhubh 1994 No. 46, iris Comann Chloinn ’ic a’ Phearsain.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chaidh mòran strì a dhèanamh thar nam bliadhnaichean an aghaidh seo agus chaidh grunn phròiseactan foghlaim a chur air dòigh gus an suidheachadh seo a leasachadh. B’ e Achd Foghlaim 1918, a dh’iarr air ùghdarrasan foghlaim ‘ullachadh reusanta a dhèanamh airson na Gàidhlig’, Pròiseact Dà-chànanach Comhairle nan Eilean agus, o chionn ghoirid, foghlam tro mheadhan na Gàidhlig eisimpleirean den seo: bidh cunntas orra san ath earrann.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Anns na bliadhnaichean às dèidh an Dara Cogaidh, agus gu h-àraidh o na 1960an, dh’fhosgail a’ Ghàidhealtachd agus na h-Eileanan a-mach barrachd ris an t-saoghal mhòr, gu h-àraidh tron telebhisean a bha mar dhoras gu cultar ‘pop’ an ama. ’S e aon bhuaidh a bha aig seo, am measg rudan eile, gun do thòisich an òigridh gu h-àraidh a’ faicinn na Gàidhlig mar rud seann-fhasanta agus thòisich iad a’ cur an cùl rithe, glè thric an aghaidh toil am pàrantan agus a dh’aindeoin leasaichidhean ann am foghlam mar Pròiseact Dà-chànanach Comhairle nan Eilean.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Thòisich an Cunntas-Sluaigh Nàiseanta a’ clàradh an àireamh a bha a’ bruidhinn na Gàidhlig ann an 1881 agus tha seo air a bhith a’ sealltainn mar a tha a’ chànan air a bhith a’ dol air ais on uair sin, bhon 254,415 a bha ga bruidhinn ann an 1891, mar eisimpleir, chun an 58,652 a bha air fhàgail ann an 2001. Chaidh an graf seo ullachadh le Sgrùd:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:350px;"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/9611d42a/4d2b108f/slide12.jpg" alt="" width="350" height="230" style="max-width:350px;" class="oucontent-figure-image"/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gheibhear an graf seo agus feadhainn eile de a leithid aig: &lt;span class="oucontent-linkwithtip"&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.cnag.org.uk/munghaidhlig/stats/gaelspeakers.php"&gt;www.cnag.org.uk/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;munghaidhlig/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;stats/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;gaelspeakers.php&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</dc:description><dc:publisher>The Open University</dc:publisher><dc:creator>The Open University</dc:creator><dc:type>Course</dc:type><dc:format>text/html</dc:format><dc:language>en-GB</dc:language><dc:source>Cànan nan Gàidheal - Gaidhlig_1</dc:source><cc:license>Copyright © 2016 The Open University</cc:license></item>
    <item>
      <title>3.3 Ath-bheothachadh na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig</title>
      <link>https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-3.3</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Ceum 1&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bha bochdainn agus str&amp;#xEC; mun fhearann cumanta san 19amh linn air a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhealtachd ach ro dheireadh na linn bha piseach air t&amp;#xF2;iseachadh a’ tighinn air gnothaichean. A thaobh na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig, ann an 1891 chaidh buidheann a chur air chois airson a’ chiad uair gus a’ ch&amp;#xE0;nan a neartachadh. B’ e a’ chiad rud a rinn An Comunn G&amp;#xE0;idhealach f&amp;#xE8;is chi&amp;#xF9;il n&amp;#xE0;iseanta, am M&amp;#xF2;d, a chur air chois gus ce&amp;#xF2;l na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig a bhrosnachadh agus gus &amp;#xEC;omhaigh a’ ch&amp;#xE0;nain a thogail. Chuir an Comunn cuideachd meuran ionadail air chois agus ghabh iad p&amp;#xE0;irt ann an iomairtean poilitigeach, leithid na str&amp;#xEC; airson cl&amp;#xE0;s a’ buntainn ri G&amp;#xE0;idhlig ann an Achd Foghlaim (Alba) 1918. Thug an Achd seo inbhe oifigeil don Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig airson a’ chiad uair le bhith ag iarraidh air na h-&amp;#xF9;ghdarrasan foghlaim &amp;#xF9;ra &amp;#x2018;ullachadh reusanta a dh&amp;#xE8;anamh airson na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig ann an sg&amp;#xEC;rean sam bheil a’ ch&amp;#xE0;nan air a bruidhinn.’&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure oucontent-media-mini"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/12fc48a2/gaelic_1_fig026.jpg" alt="Cuid den bhuidheann a chuir air chois An Comunn G&amp;#xE0;idhealach" width="181" height="238" style="max-width:181px;" class="oucontent-figure-image" longdesc="view.php?id=1965&amp;amp;extra=longdesc_idm5834336"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 18 An fheadhainn a st&amp;#xE8;idhich An Comunn G&amp;#xE0;idhealach&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-longdesclink oucontent-longdesconly"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;amp;extra=longdesc_idm5834336&amp;amp;clicked=1"&gt;Long description&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a id="back_longdesc_idm5834336"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Ceum 2&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Th&amp;#xF2;isich an dara ceum de ath-bheothachadh na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig &amp;#xE0;s d&amp;#xE8;idh an Dara Cogaidh agus ruith e gu mu 1980. Chaidh an t-&amp;#xE0;ite a bha aig a’ bhuidheann shaor-thoileach An Comunn G&amp;#xE0;idhealach ann an obair leasachaidh na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig a ghabhail thairis beag air bheag aig an &amp;#xE0;m seo le luchd-iomairt de she&amp;#xF2;rsa &amp;#xF9;r, a chuir air chois leasaichidhean ann am foillseachadh, craoladh agus foghlam, an dara cuid tro bhuidhnean st&amp;#xE8;idhte (mar am BBC no na Comhairlean) no a chuir air chois am buidhnean fh&amp;#xE8;in, mar a rinn Ruaraidh MacTh&amp;#xF2;mais le Gairm ann an 1952 is Comhairle nan Leabhraichean ann an 1968. ’S e a’ phr&amp;#xEC;omh rud a tha a’ comharrachadh a’ cheum seo mar a th&amp;#xF2;isich structar-taice proifeiseanta a’ tighinn gu buil anns a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bha an cuideam ann am foghlam a-nise air cleachdadh na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig mar mheadhan-teagaisg. ’S e Sgeama Foghlam G&amp;#xE0;idhlig Siorrachd Inbhir Nis (anns na 1960an agus na 1970an) agus Pr&amp;#xF2;iseact Foghlam D&amp;#xE0;-ch&amp;#xE0;nanach Comhairle nan Eilean d&amp;#xE0; eisimpleir den seo, a bha ag amas air clann dh&amp;#xE0;-ch&amp;#xE0;nanach a bhrosnachadh gu bhith a’ cleachdadh na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig mar: &amp;#x2018;a natural language for the exploration and description of experience’.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Ceum 3&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha tr&amp;#xEC; roinnean san treas ceum de ath-bheothachadh na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S e foghlam tro mheadhan na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig (FTG), st&amp;#xE8;idhte air eisimpleir na Cuimrigh, aon dhiubh sin. Th&amp;#xF2;isich seo tr&amp;#xE0;th anns na 1980an agus tha e air sgapadh air feadh na d&amp;#xF9;thcha, le mu 4,000 sgoilear a-nise an s&amp;#xE0;s aig diofar &amp;#xEC;rean.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure oucontent-media-mini"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/8f07ff0f/gaelic_1_fig027.jpg" alt="" width="217" height="145" style="max-width:217px;" class="oucontent-figure-image"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 19 Thug &amp;#x2018;Latha M&amp;#xF2;r na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig’ a chaidh a chur air chois le Comhairle na Gaidhealtachd ann an 2005, c&amp;#xF2;mhla 500 sgoilear ann an FTG bho air feadh Alba&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ann am foghlam bogaidh mar FTG tha clann air an teagasg gu tur tron ch&amp;#xE0;nan ged nach biodh i air a bhith aca o th&amp;#xF9;s (rud a tha f&amp;#xEC;or mu timcheall air 80% de sgoilearan ann am FTG). Tha a’ mh&amp;#xF2;r-chuid dhiubh seo a’ t&amp;#xF2;iseachadh a’ tuigsinn na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig luath agus tha iad comasach air iad fh&amp;#xE8;in a chur an c&amp;#xE8;ill innte air iomadh cuspair mus fh&amp;#xE0;g iad an sgoil.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha FTG air fhaicinn le m&amp;#xF2;ran mar an d&amp;#xF2;chas as fhe&amp;#xE0;rr airson na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig san linn ri teachd leis gu bheil e a’ cruthachadh luchd-labhairt &amp;#xF9;r ann an coimhearsnachdan far nach eil p&amp;#xE0;rantan air fh&amp;#xE0;gail aig a bheil a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig. Tha an graf, a rinneadh le Sgr&amp;#xF9;d, a’ sealltainn mar a dh’fh&amp;#xE0;s foghlam bun-sgoile tro mheadhan na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig bho th&amp;#xF2;isich e ann an 1985. Chithear an graf seo agus feadhainn eile coltach ris aig: &lt;span class="oucontent-linkwithtip"&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.cnag.org.uk/munghaidhlig/stats/bunsgoiltean1.php"&gt;http://www.cnag.org.uk/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;munghaidhlig/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;stats/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;bunsgoiltean1.php&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:512px;"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/9611d42a/24eba50c/bunsgoil.jpg" alt="" width="512" height="396" style="max-width:512px;" class="oucontent-figure-image oucontent-media-wide"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 20&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha cuideachd clasaichean luchd-ionnsachaidh ann am bun-sgoiltean agus &amp;#xE0;rd-sgoiltean. Gheibhear fiosrachadh air foghlam G&amp;#xE0;idhlig san fharsaingeachd air l&amp;#xE0;rach-l&amp;#xEC;n B&amp;#xF2;rd na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig aig: &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.gaelicteaching.com/en/"&gt;http://www.gaelicteaching.com/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;en/&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chunnaic an dara ceum san ath-bheothachadh &amp;#xF9;rachadh ann an ce&amp;#xF2;l G&amp;#xE0;idhlig (agus Ceilteach) agus seirbheis chunbhalach craobh-sgaoilidh a’ tighinn gu &amp;#xEC;re sa Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig, a’ gabhail a-steach sianal telebhisein (&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/alba"&gt;BBC ALBA&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chunnaic an treas roinn den ath-bheothachadh P&amp;#xE0;rlamaid na h-Alba a’ gabhail ri Achd na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig (Alba) ann an 2005. Chuir seo air chois gu h-oifigeil buidheann &amp;#xF9;r, B&amp;#xF2;rd na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig, a bha gu bhith a’ toirt comhairle dhan Riaghaltas, ag ullachadh Plana N&amp;#xE0;iseanta airson na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig agus a’ cuideachadh bhuidhnean eile gus am planaichean fh&amp;#xE8;in ullachadh. ’S e am pr&amp;#xEC;omh phrionnsabal air c&amp;#xF9;l na h-Achd gu bheil &amp;#x2018;co-ionannachd meas’ aig a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig agus a’ Bheurla. Gheibhear copaidh den Achd (2005) agus de chiad Phlana N&amp;#xE0;iseanta B&amp;#xF2;rd na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig (2007) aig:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul class="oucontent-unnumbered"&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.gaidhlig.org.uk/en/national-plan-for-gaelic"&gt;http://www.gaidhlig.org.uk/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;en/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;national-plan-for-gaelic&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/asp/2005/7/contents"&gt;http://www.legislation.gov.uk/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;asp/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;2005/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;7/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;contents&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;F&amp;#xE0;isneachd&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha staid na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig thairis air a’ cheud bliadhna mu dheireadh air a bhith an d&amp;#xE0; chuid a’ f&amp;#xE0;s nas fhe&amp;#xE0;rr agus nas miosa. Air an aon l&amp;#xE0;imh, tha inbhe na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig, agus na suidhichidhean anns an urrainnear a cleachdadh, air a bhith a’ s&amp;#xEC;or fh&amp;#xE0;s. Aig an aon &amp;#xE0;m, tha an &amp;#xE0;ireamh a tha ga bruidhinn a’ s&amp;#xEC;or chr&amp;#xEC;onadh (ged a tha an cr&amp;#xEC;onadh a’ f&amp;#xE0;s nas slaodaiche). Tha Plana N&amp;#xE0;iseanta B&amp;#xF2;rd na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig (2007) ag amas air gum bi 65,000 de luchd-labhairt na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig ann ro 2021. Tha cuid a’ meas seo ro dh&amp;#xF2;chasach ach tha e a’ coimhead coltach gun stad an cr&amp;#xEC;onadh anns na bliadhnaichean ri teachd, ged is d&amp;#xF2;cha gum bi sin aig &amp;#xEC;re nas &amp;#xE0;irde na an targaid ud.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-3.3</guid>
    <dc:title>3.3 Ath-bheothachadh na Gàidhlig</dc:title><dc:identifier>Gaidhlig_1</dc:identifier><dc:description>&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Ceum 1&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bha bochdainn agus strì mun fhearann cumanta san 19amh linn air a’ Ghàidhealtachd ach ro dheireadh na linn bha piseach air tòiseachadh a’ tighinn air gnothaichean. A thaobh na Gàidhlig, ann an 1891 chaidh buidheann a chur air chois airson a’ chiad uair gus a’ chànan a neartachadh. B’ e a’ chiad rud a rinn An Comunn Gàidhealach fèis chiùil nàiseanta, am Mòd, a chur air chois gus ceòl na Gàidhlig a bhrosnachadh agus gus ìomhaigh a’ chànain a thogail. Chuir an Comunn cuideachd meuran ionadail air chois agus ghabh iad pàirt ann an iomairtean poilitigeach, leithid na strì airson clàs a’ buntainn ri Gàidhlig ann an Achd Foghlaim (Alba) 1918. Thug an Achd seo inbhe oifigeil don Ghàidhlig airson a’ chiad uair le bhith ag iarraidh air na h-ùghdarrasan foghlaim ùra ‘ullachadh reusanta a dhèanamh airson na Gàidhlig ann an sgìrean sam bheil a’ chànan air a bruidhinn.’&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure oucontent-media-mini"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/12fc48a2/gaelic_1_fig026.jpg" alt="Cuid den bhuidheann a chuir air chois An Comunn Gàidhealach" width="181" height="238" style="max-width:181px;" class="oucontent-figure-image" longdesc="view.php?id=1965&amp;extra=longdesc_idm5834336"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 18 An fheadhainn a stèidhich An Comunn Gàidhealach&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-longdesclink oucontent-longdesconly"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;extra=longdesc_idm5834336&amp;clicked=1"&gt;Long description&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a id="back_longdesc_idm5834336"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Ceum 2&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Thòisich an dara ceum de ath-bheothachadh na Gàidhlig às dèidh an Dara Cogaidh agus ruith e gu mu 1980. Chaidh an t-àite a bha aig a’ bhuidheann shaor-thoileach An Comunn Gàidhealach ann an obair leasachaidh na Gàidhlig a ghabhail thairis beag air bheag aig an àm seo le luchd-iomairt de sheòrsa ùr, a chuir air chois leasaichidhean ann am foillseachadh, craoladh agus foghlam, an dara cuid tro bhuidhnean stèidhte (mar am BBC no na Comhairlean) no a chuir air chois am buidhnean fhèin, mar a rinn Ruaraidh MacThòmais le Gairm ann an 1952 is Comhairle nan Leabhraichean ann an 1968. ’S e a’ phrìomh rud a tha a’ comharrachadh a’ cheum seo mar a thòisich structar-taice proifeiseanta a’ tighinn gu buil anns a’ Ghàidhlig.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bha an cuideam ann am foghlam a-nise air cleachdadh na Gàidhlig mar mheadhan-teagaisg. ’S e Sgeama Foghlam Gàidhlig Siorrachd Inbhir Nis (anns na 1960an agus na 1970an) agus Pròiseact Foghlam Dà-chànanach Comhairle nan Eilean dà eisimpleir den seo, a bha ag amas air clann dhà-chànanach a bhrosnachadh gu bhith a’ cleachdadh na Gàidhlig mar: ‘a natural language for the exploration and description of experience’.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Ceum 3&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha trì roinnean san treas ceum de ath-bheothachadh na Gàidhlig.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S e foghlam tro mheadhan na Gàidhlig (FTG), stèidhte air eisimpleir na Cuimrigh, aon dhiubh sin. Thòisich seo tràth anns na 1980an agus tha e air sgapadh air feadh na dùthcha, le mu 4,000 sgoilear a-nise an sàs aig diofar ìrean.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure oucontent-media-mini"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/8f07ff0f/gaelic_1_fig027.jpg" alt="" width="217" height="145" style="max-width:217px;" class="oucontent-figure-image"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 19 Thug ‘Latha Mòr na Gàidhlig’ a chaidh a chur air chois le Comhairle na Gaidhealtachd ann an 2005, còmhla 500 sgoilear ann an FTG bho air feadh Alba&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ann am foghlam bogaidh mar FTG tha clann air an teagasg gu tur tron chànan ged nach biodh i air a bhith aca o thùs (rud a tha fìor mu timcheall air 80% de sgoilearan ann am FTG). Tha a’ mhòr-chuid dhiubh seo a’ tòiseachadh a’ tuigsinn na Gàidhlig luath agus tha iad comasach air iad fhèin a chur an cèill innte air iomadh cuspair mus fhàg iad an sgoil.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha FTG air fhaicinn le mòran mar an dòchas as fheàrr airson na Gàidhlig san linn ri teachd leis gu bheil e a’ cruthachadh luchd-labhairt ùr ann an coimhearsnachdan far nach eil pàrantan air fhàgail aig a bheil a’ Ghàidhlig. Tha an graf, a rinneadh le Sgrùd, a’ sealltainn mar a dh’fhàs foghlam bun-sgoile tro mheadhan na Gàidhlig bho thòisich e ann an 1985. Chithear an graf seo agus feadhainn eile coltach ris aig: &lt;span class="oucontent-linkwithtip"&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.cnag.org.uk/munghaidhlig/stats/bunsgoiltean1.php"&gt;http://www.cnag.org.uk/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;munghaidhlig/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;stats/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;bunsgoiltean1.php&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:512px;"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/9611d42a/24eba50c/bunsgoil.jpg" alt="" width="512" height="396" style="max-width:512px;" class="oucontent-figure-image oucontent-media-wide"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 20&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha cuideachd clasaichean luchd-ionnsachaidh ann am bun-sgoiltean agus àrd-sgoiltean. Gheibhear fiosrachadh air foghlam Gàidhlig san fharsaingeachd air làrach-lìn Bòrd na Gàidhlig aig: &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.gaelicteaching.com/en/"&gt;http://www.gaelicteaching.com/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;en/&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chunnaic an dara ceum san ath-bheothachadh ùrachadh ann an ceòl Gàidhlig (agus Ceilteach) agus seirbheis chunbhalach craobh-sgaoilidh a’ tighinn gu ìre sa Ghàidhlig, a’ gabhail a-steach sianal telebhisein (&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/alba"&gt;BBC ALBA&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chunnaic an treas roinn den ath-bheothachadh Pàrlamaid na h-Alba a’ gabhail ri Achd na Gàidhlig (Alba) ann an 2005. Chuir seo air chois gu h-oifigeil buidheann ùr, Bòrd na Gàidhlig, a bha gu bhith a’ toirt comhairle dhan Riaghaltas, ag ullachadh Plana Nàiseanta airson na Gàidhlig agus a’ cuideachadh bhuidhnean eile gus am planaichean fhèin ullachadh. ’S e am prìomh phrionnsabal air cùl na h-Achd gu bheil ‘co-ionannachd meas’ aig a’ Ghàidhlig agus a’ Bheurla. Gheibhear copaidh den Achd (2005) agus de chiad Phlana Nàiseanta Bòrd na Gàidhlig (2007) aig:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul class="oucontent-unnumbered"&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.gaidhlig.org.uk/en/national-plan-for-gaelic"&gt;http://www.gaidhlig.org.uk/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;en/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;national-plan-for-gaelic&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/asp/2005/7/contents"&gt;http://www.legislation.gov.uk/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;asp/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;2005/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;7/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;contents&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Fàisneachd&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha staid na Gàidhlig thairis air a’ cheud bliadhna mu dheireadh air a bhith an dà chuid a’ fàs nas fheàrr agus nas miosa. Air an aon làimh, tha inbhe na Gàidhlig, agus na suidhichidhean anns an urrainnear a cleachdadh, air a bhith a’ sìor fhàs. Aig an aon àm, tha an àireamh a tha ga bruidhinn a’ sìor chrìonadh (ged a tha an crìonadh a’ fàs nas slaodaiche). Tha Plana Nàiseanta Bòrd na Gàidhlig (2007) ag amas air gum bi 65,000 de luchd-labhairt na Gàidhlig ann ro 2021. Tha cuid a’ meas seo ro dhòchasach ach tha e a’ coimhead coltach gun stad an crìonadh anns na bliadhnaichean ri teachd, ged is dòcha gum bi sin aig ìre nas àirde na an targaid ud.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</dc:description><dc:publisher>The Open University</dc:publisher><dc:creator>The Open University</dc:creator><dc:type>Course</dc:type><dc:format>text/html</dc:format><dc:language>en-GB</dc:language><dc:source>Cànan nan Gàidheal - Gaidhlig_1</dc:source><cc:license>Copyright © 2016 The Open University</cc:license></item>
    <item>
      <title>3.4 Tha a&amp;#x2019; Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig be&amp;#xF2;!</title>
      <link>https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-3.4</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>&lt;div class="oucontent-casestudy oucontent-s-heavybox2 oucontent-s-box "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h3 oucontent-heading oucontent-nonumber"&gt;Foghlam&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha sgoilearan a’ t&amp;#xF2;iseachadh foghlam tro mheadhan na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig (FTG) aig aois &amp;#xF2;g, mar as trice ann an cr&amp;#xF2;ileagan no sgoil-&amp;#xE0;raich. Tha d&amp;#xE0; sgoil Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig ann an Alba (ann an Glaschu agus Inbhir Nis); a bharrachd air sin, ’s ann mar chlasaichean ann an sgoiltean d&amp;#xE0;-ch&amp;#xE0;nanach a tha FTG air a thoirt seachad. Chan eil m&amp;#xF2;ran teagasg tro mheadhan na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig anns an &amp;#xE0;rd-sgoil ach tha cothrom aig sgoilearan clasaichean c&amp;#xE0;nain a ghabhail san &amp;#xE0;rd-sgoil a bheir iad gu deuchainnean SQA ann an G&amp;#xE0;idhlig (fileantaich).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure oucontent-media-mini"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/2f30a1dd/gaelic_1_fig028.jpg" alt="" width="187" height="99" style="max-width:187px;" class="oucontent-figure-image"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 21 Bun-Sgoil Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig Inbhir Nis, sgoil &amp;#xF9;r a dh’fhosgail ann an 2007&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cliog an seo airson p&amp;#xEC;os bhidio far a bheil d&amp;#xE0; sgoilear &amp;#xE0; BSGI ag innse mun sgoil: &lt;span class="oucontent-linkwithtip"&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://ww2.highland.gov.uk/gaelic_in_the_highlands/gaelic_school"&gt;ww2.highland.gov.uk/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;gaelic_in_the_highlands/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;gaelic_school&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-casestudy oucontent-s-heavybox2 oucontent-s-box "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h3 oucontent-heading oucontent-nonumber"&gt;Coimhearsnachd&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig air a cleachdadh ann am beatha l&amp;#xE0;itheil iomadh coimhearsnachd, gu h-&amp;#xE0;raidh sna h-Eileanan Siar agus san Eilean Sgitheanach ach cuideachd, aig &amp;#xEC;re nas lugha, ann an iomadh &amp;#x2018;coimhearsnachd am broinn coimhearsnachd’ sa bhaile mh&amp;#xF2;r.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:350px;"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/bf19c01d/gaelic_1_harris.jpg" alt="" width="350" height="149" style="max-width:350px;" class="oucontent-figure-image"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 22 Na Hearadh, far a bheil G&amp;#xE0;idhlig fhathast an &amp;#xEC;re mhath l&amp;#xE0;idir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha grunn eaglaisean - Pr&amp;#xF2;stanach agus Caitligeach – a’ cleachdadh G&amp;#xE0;idhlig nan adhradh. ’S e aon de na se&amp;#xF2;rsaichean seinn as annasaiche, agus as cumhachdaiche, anns a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig, mar eisimpleir, an d&amp;#xF2;igh air seinn nan salm Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig a tha air tighinn ri ch&amp;#xE8;ile thar nan linntean ann an Eaglaisean Cl&amp;#xE8;ireach nan Eilean. Tha an eisimpleir seo &amp;#xE0; Le&amp;#xF2;dhas:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div id="idm45430672" class="oucontent-media oucontent-unstableid oucontent-media-mini"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-embedtemplate"&gt;&lt;iframe type="text/html" width="425" height="344" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/k3MzZgPBL3Q?&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;fs=1&amp;amp;rel=0" frameborder="0"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Seinn nan salm ann a Le&amp;#xF2;dhas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-interaction-print"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-interaction-unavailable"&gt;Interactive feature not available in single page view (&lt;a class="oucontent-crossref" href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-3.4#idm45430672"&gt;see it in standard view&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-casestudy oucontent-s-heavybox2 oucontent-s-box "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h3 oucontent-heading oucontent-nonumber"&gt;Craoladh&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha MG ALBA air a mhaoineachadh le Riaghaltas na h-Alba airson pr&amp;#xF2;graman telebhisein G&amp;#xE0;idhlig a chruthachadh agus, ann an co-bhoinn ris a’ BhBC, tha iad air BBC ALBA a chur air chois, sianal telebhisein digiteach G&amp;#xE0;idhlig. Tha BBC ALBA ri lorg air Freeview Sianal 8; Cabal Sianal 188; Sky Sianal 168; Freesat Sianal 110 agus be&amp;#xF2; air BBC iPlayer. Gheibhear cuideachd 10 uairean a th&amp;#xEC;de taghte gach seachdain air BBC PC iPlayer agus BBC iPlayer tro Virgin Media. Airson fiosrachadh air MG ALBA faic: &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.mgalba.com/index-en.html"&gt;www.mgalba.com/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;index-en.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha seirbheis chunbhalach Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig ri fhaighinn air BBC ALBA, air telebhisean, r&amp;#xE8;idio agus an eadar-li&amp;#xF2;n a-nise, a’ gabhail a-steach phr&amp;#xF2;graman chloinne, seirbheis naidheachdan, &amp;#xE0;bhachdais agus sp&amp;#xF2;rs. Airson fiosrachadh faic: &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/alba"&gt;www.bbc.co.uk/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;alba&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div id="idm46217408" class="oucontent-media oucontent-audio-video oucontent-unstableid" style="width:400px;"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-default-filter "&gt;&lt;span class="oumediafilter"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/e099a6c5/eorpa.mp4?forcedownload=1" class="oumedialinknoscript omp-spacer"&gt;Download this video clip.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="accesshide"&gt;Video player: Criomag bho E&amp;#xF2;rpa, pr&amp;#xF2;gram de naidheachdan E&amp;#xF2;rpach a tha ri fhaicinn air BBC ALBA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="#" class="omp-enter-media omp-accesshide" tabindex="-1"&gt;
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Airson tuilleadh fiosrachaidh, faic: &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.dannsa.com"&gt;www.dannsa.com&lt;/a&gt; no &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.scottishdance.net/highland"&gt;www.scottishdance.net/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;highland&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-casestudy oucontent-s-heavybox2 oucontent-s-box "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h3 oucontent-heading oucontent-nonumber"&gt;Soidhnichean&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha an t-amas aig Achd na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig gum bi an aon &amp;#x2018;mheas’ air a chur air G&amp;#xE0;idhlig agus Beurla a’ ciallachadh gu bheil a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig a’ nochdadh t&amp;#xF2;rr nas trice a-nise air soidhnichean de gach se&amp;#xF2;rsa, a-staigh agus a-muigh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cluinnear G&amp;#xE0;idhlig ga labhairt ann an suidhichidhean oifigeil cuideachd mar na rabhaidhean s&amp;#xE0;bhailteachd air aiseagan chun nan Eilean.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:350px;"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/8754afbf/gaelic_sign_ferry.jpg" alt="" width="350" height="297" style="max-width:350px;" class="oucontent-figure-image"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 23 Soidhnichean G&amp;#xE0;idhlig ann an Alba&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:350px;"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/42f7db3e/gaelic_sign_station.jpg" alt="" width="350" height="263" style="max-width:350px;" class="oucontent-figure-image"/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-casestudy oucontent-s-heavybox2 oucontent-s-box "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h3 oucontent-heading oucontent-nonumber"&gt;Teaghlach&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bidh p&amp;#xE0;rantan le clann ann am foghlam tro mheadhan na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig ag ionnsachadh na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig gus an clann a chuideachadh. A bharrachd air clasaichean-oidhche tha tachartasan ann far am faod p&amp;#xE0;rantan agus clann ionnsachadh c&amp;#xF2;mhla. Gheibhear cunntas air a leithid seo a thachartas aig: &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.cnag.org.uk/pdfs/curisfas11.pdf"&gt;http://www.cnag.org.uk/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;pdfs/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;curisfas11.pdf&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:350px;"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/5a70c836/gme_children_skye_event.jpg" alt="" width="350" height="211" style="max-width:350px;" class="oucontent-figure-image"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 24 P&amp;#xE0;rantan agus clann aig cruinneachadh FTG ann an Sabhal M&amp;#xF2;r Ostaig ann an 2006&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;                    &lt;script&gt;
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    <dc:title>3.4 Tha a’ Ghàidhlig beò!</dc:title><dc:identifier>Gaidhlig_1</dc:identifier><dc:description>&lt;div class="oucontent-casestudy oucontent-s-heavybox2 oucontent-s-box "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h3 oucontent-heading oucontent-nonumber"&gt;Foghlam&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha sgoilearan a’ tòiseachadh foghlam tro mheadhan na Gàidhlig (FTG) aig aois òg, mar as trice ann an cròileagan no sgoil-àraich. Tha dà sgoil Ghàidhlig ann an Alba (ann an Glaschu agus Inbhir Nis); a bharrachd air sin, ’s ann mar chlasaichean ann an sgoiltean dà-chànanach a tha FTG air a thoirt seachad. Chan eil mòran teagasg tro mheadhan na Gàidhlig anns an àrd-sgoil ach tha cothrom aig sgoilearan clasaichean cànain a ghabhail san àrd-sgoil a bheir iad gu deuchainnean SQA ann an Gàidhlig (fileantaich).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure oucontent-media-mini"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/2f30a1dd/gaelic_1_fig028.jpg" alt="" width="187" height="99" style="max-width:187px;" class="oucontent-figure-image"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 21 Bun-Sgoil Ghàidhlig Inbhir Nis, sgoil ùr a dh’fhosgail ann an 2007&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cliog an seo airson pìos bhidio far a bheil dà sgoilear à BSGI ag innse mun sgoil: &lt;span class="oucontent-linkwithtip"&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://ww2.highland.gov.uk/gaelic_in_the_highlands/gaelic_school"&gt;ww2.highland.gov.uk/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;gaelic_in_the_highlands/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;gaelic_school&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-casestudy oucontent-s-heavybox2 oucontent-s-box "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h3 oucontent-heading oucontent-nonumber"&gt;Coimhearsnachd&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha a’ Ghàidhlig air a cleachdadh ann am beatha làitheil iomadh coimhearsnachd, gu h-àraidh sna h-Eileanan Siar agus san Eilean Sgitheanach ach cuideachd, aig ìre nas lugha, ann an iomadh ‘coimhearsnachd am broinn coimhearsnachd’ sa bhaile mhòr.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:350px;"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/bf19c01d/gaelic_1_harris.jpg" alt="" width="350" height="149" style="max-width:350px;" class="oucontent-figure-image"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 22 Na Hearadh, far a bheil Gàidhlig fhathast an ìre mhath làidir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha grunn eaglaisean - Pròstanach agus Caitligeach – a’ cleachdadh Gàidhlig nan adhradh. ’S e aon de na seòrsaichean seinn as annasaiche, agus as cumhachdaiche, anns a’ Ghàidhlig, mar eisimpleir, an dòigh air seinn nan salm Ghàidhlig a tha air tighinn ri chèile thar nan linntean ann an Eaglaisean Clèireach nan Eilean. Tha an eisimpleir seo à Leòdhas:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div id="idm45430672" class="oucontent-media oucontent-unstableid oucontent-media-mini"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-embedtemplate"&gt;&lt;iframe type="text/html" width="425" height="344" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/k3MzZgPBL3Q?&amp;hl=en&amp;fs=1&amp;rel=0" frameborder="0"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Seinn nan salm ann a Leòdhas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-interaction-print"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-interaction-unavailable"&gt;Interactive feature not available in single page view (&lt;a class="oucontent-crossref" href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-3.4#idm45430672"&gt;see it in standard view&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-casestudy oucontent-s-heavybox2 oucontent-s-box "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h3 oucontent-heading oucontent-nonumber"&gt;Craoladh&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha MG ALBA air a mhaoineachadh le Riaghaltas na h-Alba airson prògraman telebhisein Gàidhlig a chruthachadh agus, ann an co-bhoinn ris a’ BhBC, tha iad air BBC ALBA a chur air chois, sianal telebhisein digiteach Gàidhlig. Tha BBC ALBA ri lorg air Freeview Sianal 8; Cabal Sianal 188; Sky Sianal 168; Freesat Sianal 110 agus beò air BBC iPlayer. Gheibhear cuideachd 10 uairean a thìde taghte gach seachdain air BBC PC iPlayer agus BBC iPlayer tro Virgin Media. Airson fiosrachadh air MG ALBA faic: &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.mgalba.com/index-en.html"&gt;www.mgalba.com/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;index-en.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha seirbheis chunbhalach Ghàidhlig ri fhaighinn air BBC ALBA, air telebhisean, rèidio agus an eadar-liòn a-nise, a’ gabhail a-steach phrògraman chloinne, seirbheis naidheachdan, àbhachdais agus spòrs. 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&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-media-download"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/e099a6c5/eorpa.mp4?forcedownload=1" title="Download this video clip"&gt;Download&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Criomag bho Eòrpa, prògram de naidheachdan Eòrpach a tha ri fhaicinn air BBC ALBA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-interaction-print"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-interaction-unavailable"&gt;Interactive feature not available in single page view (&lt;a class="oucontent-crossref" href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-3.4#idm46217408"&gt;see it in standard view&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-casestudy oucontent-s-heavybox2 oucontent-s-box "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h3 oucontent-heading oucontent-nonumber"&gt;Cultar&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha ceòl Gàidhlig (agus Ceilteach) air a bhith dol o neart gu neart o chionn beagan bhliadhnaichean, mar a chithear aig fèisean ciùil mar Blas (air a’ Ghàidhealtachd), HebCelt (Na h-Eileanan Siar) agus Celtic Connections (Glaschu).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Airson tuilleadh mu fhèisean ciùil faic:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul class="oucontent-bulleted"&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.blas-festival.com"&gt;www.blas-festival.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.hebceltfest.com"&gt;www.hebceltfest.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.celticconnections.com"&gt;www.celticconnections.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;Airson pìosan bhidio à BLAS 2010, cliog air: &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.blas-festival.com/2010-bhideo--video-clips.html"&gt;http://www.blas-festival.com/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;2010-bhideo--video-clips.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha fèisean ionnsachaidh air an cumail air feadh na dùthcha far a bheil cothrom aig luchd-ionnsachaidh òg sgilean cultarach Gàidhlig a thogail o phroifeiseantaich.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha mu 40 fèis ann aig an àm seo, le taic o bhuidheann nàiseanta, Fèisean nan Gàidheal. Airson tuilleadh fiosrachaidh faic: &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.feisean.org"&gt;www.feisean.org&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S e co-fharpaisean ciùil a tha anns na mòdan, nàiseanta agus ionadail, airson clann agus inbhich a tha air an ruith leis a’ Chomunn Ghàidhealach. Airson fiosrachadh faic:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.ancomunn.co.uk"&gt;www.ancomunn.co.uk&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.acgmod.org"&gt;www.acgmod.org&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha roinnean eile de chultar na Gàidhlig seach a’ chànan fhèin air ath-bheothachadh cuideachd o chionn ghoirid, mar eisimpleir dannsa thraidiseanta leithid ‘dannsa-ceum’ a chaidh a thoirt air ais à Canada agus a tha a’ fàs gu mòr. Airson tuilleadh fiosrachaidh, faic: &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.dannsa.com"&gt;www.dannsa.com&lt;/a&gt; no &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.scottishdance.net/highland"&gt;www.scottishdance.net/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;highland&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-casestudy oucontent-s-heavybox2 oucontent-s-box "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h3 oucontent-heading oucontent-nonumber"&gt;Soidhnichean&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha an t-amas aig Achd na Gàidhlig gum bi an aon ‘mheas’ air a chur air Gàidhlig agus Beurla a’ ciallachadh gu bheil a’ Ghàidhlig a’ nochdadh tòrr nas trice a-nise air soidhnichean de gach seòrsa, a-staigh agus a-muigh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cluinnear Gàidhlig ga labhairt ann an suidhichidhean oifigeil cuideachd mar na rabhaidhean sàbhailteachd air aiseagan chun nan Eilean.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:350px;"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/8754afbf/gaelic_sign_ferry.jpg" alt="" width="350" height="297" style="max-width:350px;" class="oucontent-figure-image"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 23 Soidhnichean Gàidhlig ann an Alba&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:350px;"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/42f7db3e/gaelic_sign_station.jpg" alt="" width="350" height="263" style="max-width:350px;" class="oucontent-figure-image"/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-casestudy oucontent-s-heavybox2 oucontent-s-box "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h3 oucontent-heading oucontent-nonumber"&gt;Teaghlach&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bidh pàrantan le clann ann am foghlam tro mheadhan na Gàidhlig ag ionnsachadh na Gàidhlig gus an clann a chuideachadh. A bharrachd air clasaichean-oidhche tha tachartasan ann far am faod pàrantan agus clann ionnsachadh còmhla. Gheibhear cunntas air a leithid seo a thachartas aig: &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.cnag.org.uk/pdfs/curisfas11.pdf"&gt;http://www.cnag.org.uk/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;pdfs/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;curisfas11.pdf&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:350px;"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/5a70c836/gme_children_skye_event.jpg" alt="" width="350" height="211" style="max-width:350px;" class="oucontent-figure-image"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 24 Pàrantan agus clann aig cruinneachadh FTG ann an Sabhal Mòr Ostaig ann an 2006&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;                    &lt;script&gt;
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                    &lt;/script&gt;</dc:description><dc:publisher>The Open University</dc:publisher><dc:creator>The Open University</dc:creator><dc:type>Course</dc:type><dc:format>text/html</dc:format><dc:language>en-GB</dc:language><dc:source>Cànan nan Gàidheal - Gaidhlig_1</dc:source><cc:license>Copyright © 2016 The Open University</cc:license></item>
    <item>
      <title>4.1 Carson d&amp;#xE0;-ch&amp;#xE0;nanas?</title>
      <link>https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-4.1</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;Tha d&amp;#xE0;-ch&amp;#xE0;nanas na rud cumanta air feadh an t-saoghail agus tha a h-uile coltas gur ann nas cumanta a tha e dol a dh’fh&amp;#xE0;s. Tha rannsachadh a’ sealltainn gu bheil deagh bhuaidh aig d&amp;#xE0;-ch&amp;#xE0;nanas air an neach-labhairt agus air a’ choimhearsnachd san fharsaingeachd.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-4.1</guid>
    <dc:title>4.1 Carson dà-chànanas?</dc:title><dc:identifier>Gaidhlig_1</dc:identifier><dc:description>&lt;p&gt;Tha dà-chànanas na rud cumanta air feadh an t-saoghail agus tha a h-uile coltas gur ann nas cumanta a tha e dol a dh’fhàs. Tha rannsachadh a’ sealltainn gu bheil deagh bhuaidh aig dà-chànanas air an neach-labhairt agus air a’ choimhearsnachd san fharsaingeachd.&lt;/p&gt;</dc:description><dc:publisher>The Open University</dc:publisher><dc:creator>The Open University</dc:creator><dc:type>Course</dc:type><dc:format>text/html</dc:format><dc:language>en-GB</dc:language><dc:source>Cànan nan Gàidheal - Gaidhlig_1</dc:source><cc:license>Copyright © 2016 The Open University</cc:license></item>
    <item>
      <title>4.1.1 Buaidh air an neach-labhairt</title>
      <link>https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-4.1.1</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;Suas chun nan 1960an, bha a’ chuid mh&amp;#xF2;r den rannsachadh air buaidh d&amp;#xE0;-ch&amp;#xE0;nanas air comas-eanchainn chloinne st&amp;#xE8;idhte air sluagh a bha air in-imrich a dh&amp;#xE8;anamh dha na St&amp;#xE0;itean Aonaichte, a’ mh&amp;#xF2;r-chuid dhiubh &amp;#xE0; Ameireaga a Deas, agus b’ e an co-dh&amp;#xF9;nadh mar as trice nach robh a’ chlann d&amp;#xE0;-ch&amp;#xE0;nanach a’ d&amp;#xE8;anamh cho math ann an deuchainnean comais ri clann aig nach robh ach aon ch&amp;#xE0;nan. Chan eil duine a’ cur earbsa san rannsachadh seo a-nise, ge-t&amp;#xE0;, air grunn adhbhair ach gu h-&amp;#xE0;raidh airson gun robh iad a’ coimeas chloinne &amp;#xE0; dachaighean a bha gl&amp;#xE8; eadar-dhealaichte a thaobh cosnaidh, ionmhais agus rudan mar &amp;#xEC;re foghlaim nam p&amp;#xE0;rantan.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chaidh pr&amp;#xF2;iseact rannsachaidh m&amp;#xF2;r a dh&amp;#xE8;anamh ann am Montreal ann an 1962 a chuir ceist anns na co-dh&amp;#xF9;naidhean seo airson a’ chiad uair. Rinn na h-e&amp;#xF2;laichean-c&amp;#xE0;nain Ealasaid Peal agus Wallace Lambert coimeas eadar comas &amp;#x2018;d&amp;#xE0;-ch&amp;#xE0;nanaich chothromach’ – i.e., clann a bha a’ cheart cho fileanta ann am Fraingis agus Beurla – agus clann aig nach robh ach aon ch&amp;#xE0;nan. Rinn na d&amp;#xE0;-ch&amp;#xE0;nanaich nas fhe&amp;#xE0;rr sa chuid mh&amp;#xF2;r de na deuchainnean comais aca agus cho-dh&amp;#xF9;in Peal agus Lambert on seo: &amp;#x2018;A bilingual child is a youngster whose experience with two language systems seems to have left him with a mental flexibility, a superiority in concept formation, a more diversified set of mental abilities.’&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ged a tha fhios againn a-nise gun robh laigsean ann an rannsachadh Peal/Lambert cuideachd, lean m&amp;#xF2;ran de na h-e&amp;#xF2;laichean a th&amp;#xE0;inig &amp;#xE0;s an d&amp;#xE8;idh an aon slighe, a’ co-dh&amp;#xF9;nadh mar as trice gu bheil ceangal l&amp;#xE0;idir eadar d&amp;#xE0;-ch&amp;#xE0;nanas agus comas-eanchainn chloinne.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha luchd-rannsachaidh a-nise a’ feuchainn ri dealbh nas mionaidiche a thoirt air a’ cheangal seo. Tha cuid a’ coimhead air na c&amp;#xE0;nanan fh&amp;#xE8;in, mar eisimpleir air d&amp;#xE8; cho fileanta is a tha na d&amp;#xE0;-ch&amp;#xE0;nanaich annta. Tha aon e&amp;#xF2;laiche air co-dh&amp;#xF9;nadh gu bheil &amp;#xEC;re &amp;#xE0;raidh ann – &amp;#x2018;stairseach’ – a dh’fheumar a ruighinn anns gach c&amp;#xE0;nan mus eil a’ bhuaidh mhath seo aig d&amp;#xE0;-ch&amp;#xE0;nanas air comas-eanchainn. Tha cuid eile air coimhead air an inbhe a tha aig gach c&amp;#xE0;nan, a’ co-dh&amp;#xF9;nadh: &amp;#x2018;Where the home language is that of the majority, &amp;#x2018;additive’ bilingualism is best promoted by providing initial instruction in the second language’ (mar a tha a’ tachairt ann am foghlam tro mheadhan na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha cuid a luchd-rannsachaidh air feuchainn ri dearbhadh d&amp;#xE8; na dearbh chomasan inntinn air a bheil d&amp;#xE0;-ch&amp;#xE0;nanas a’ toirt buaidh. Mar eisimpleir, tha Ellen Bialystok &amp;#xE0; Oilthigh York, Toronto, air sealltainn gu bheil clann dh&amp;#xE0;-ch&amp;#xE0;nanach nas fhe&amp;#xE0;rr air d&amp;#xE8;anamh grunn rudan aig an aon &amp;#xE0;m agus air an cur an &amp;#xF2;rdugh agus tha i a’ co-dh&amp;#xF9;nadh on seo gu bheil a bhith a’ cumail rian air d&amp;#xE0; ch&amp;#xE0;nan a’ neartachadh &amp;#x2018;siostam smachd na h-eanchainne’. Ged a tha a’ mh&amp;#xF2;r-chuid de obair Bialystok mu chlann, dh’fhoillsich i p&amp;#xE0;ipear sa Ghearran 2011 a tha a’ co-dh&amp;#xF9;nadh gu bheil a bhith a’ cleachdadh d&amp;#xE0; ch&amp;#xE0;nan a’ cur maill air call na cuimhne ann an seann daoine, air an aon adhbhar. Gheibhear cunntas-naidheachd an &lt;span class="oucontent-linkwithtip"&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://news.scotsman.com/science/Being-bilingual-can-39protect-against.6720697.jp"&gt;seo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure oucontent-media-mini"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/fc1894ab/gaelic_1_fig031_new.jpg" alt="" width="95" height="102" style="max-width:95px;" class="oucontent-figure-image"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 25 Ellen Bialystok&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;An co-dh&amp;#xF9;nadh, ged a tha ceistean rim fuasgladh fhathast mun cheangal eadar d&amp;#xE0;-ch&amp;#xE0;nanas agus comas-eanchainn, tha barrachd is barrachd aonta ann mun seo, mar a tha Anne Brasier &amp;#xE0; Oilthigh Kagoshima (Iapan) a’ m&amp;#xEC;neachadh ann an &lt;i&gt;The relationship between bilingualism and the cognitive development of bilingual children&lt;/i&gt; (1999): &amp;#x2018;Research has overwhelmingly concluded that bilingualism per se does not have any negative effects on cognition. In fact the opposite increasingly appears to be the case: that high levels of bilingualism have accelerating effects on children’s cognitive development.’&lt;/p&gt;</description>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-4.1.1</guid>
    <dc:title>4.1.1 Buaidh air an neach-labhairt</dc:title><dc:identifier>Gaidhlig_1</dc:identifier><dc:description>&lt;p&gt;Suas chun nan 1960an, bha a’ chuid mhòr den rannsachadh air buaidh dà-chànanas air comas-eanchainn chloinne stèidhte air sluagh a bha air in-imrich a dhèanamh dha na Stàitean Aonaichte, a’ mhòr-chuid dhiubh à Ameireaga a Deas, agus b’ e an co-dhùnadh mar as trice nach robh a’ chlann dà-chànanach a’ dèanamh cho math ann an deuchainnean comais ri clann aig nach robh ach aon chànan. Chan eil duine a’ cur earbsa san rannsachadh seo a-nise, ge-tà, air grunn adhbhair ach gu h-àraidh airson gun robh iad a’ coimeas chloinne à dachaighean a bha glè eadar-dhealaichte a thaobh cosnaidh, ionmhais agus rudan mar ìre foghlaim nam pàrantan.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chaidh pròiseact rannsachaidh mòr a dhèanamh ann am Montreal ann an 1962 a chuir ceist anns na co-dhùnaidhean seo airson a’ chiad uair. Rinn na h-eòlaichean-cànain Ealasaid Peal agus Wallace Lambert coimeas eadar comas ‘dà-chànanaich chothromach’ – i.e., clann a bha a’ cheart cho fileanta ann am Fraingis agus Beurla – agus clann aig nach robh ach aon chànan. Rinn na dà-chànanaich nas fheàrr sa chuid mhòr de na deuchainnean comais aca agus cho-dhùin Peal agus Lambert on seo: ‘A bilingual child is a youngster whose experience with two language systems seems to have left him with a mental flexibility, a superiority in concept formation, a more diversified set of mental abilities.’&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ged a tha fhios againn a-nise gun robh laigsean ann an rannsachadh Peal/Lambert cuideachd, lean mòran de na h-eòlaichean a thàinig às an dèidh an aon slighe, a’ co-dhùnadh mar as trice gu bheil ceangal làidir eadar dà-chànanas agus comas-eanchainn chloinne.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha luchd-rannsachaidh a-nise a’ feuchainn ri dealbh nas mionaidiche a thoirt air a’ cheangal seo. Tha cuid a’ coimhead air na cànanan fhèin, mar eisimpleir air dè cho fileanta is a tha na dà-chànanaich annta. Tha aon eòlaiche air co-dhùnadh gu bheil ìre àraidh ann – ‘stairseach’ – a dh’fheumar a ruighinn anns gach cànan mus eil a’ bhuaidh mhath seo aig dà-chànanas air comas-eanchainn. Tha cuid eile air coimhead air an inbhe a tha aig gach cànan, a’ co-dhùnadh: ‘Where the home language is that of the majority, ‘additive’ bilingualism is best promoted by providing initial instruction in the second language’ (mar a tha a’ tachairt ann am foghlam tro mheadhan na Gàidhlig).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha cuid a luchd-rannsachaidh air feuchainn ri dearbhadh dè na dearbh chomasan inntinn air a bheil dà-chànanas a’ toirt buaidh. Mar eisimpleir, tha Ellen Bialystok à Oilthigh York, Toronto, air sealltainn gu bheil clann dhà-chànanach nas fheàrr air dèanamh grunn rudan aig an aon àm agus air an cur an òrdugh agus tha i a’ co-dhùnadh on seo gu bheil a bhith a’ cumail rian air dà chànan a’ neartachadh ‘siostam smachd na h-eanchainne’. Ged a tha a’ mhòr-chuid de obair Bialystok mu chlann, dh’fhoillsich i pàipear sa Ghearran 2011 a tha a’ co-dhùnadh gu bheil a bhith a’ cleachdadh dà chànan a’ cur maill air call na cuimhne ann an seann daoine, air an aon adhbhar. Gheibhear cunntas-naidheachd an &lt;span class="oucontent-linkwithtip"&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://news.scotsman.com/science/Being-bilingual-can-39protect-against.6720697.jp"&gt;seo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure oucontent-media-mini"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/fc1894ab/gaelic_1_fig031_new.jpg" alt="" width="95" height="102" style="max-width:95px;" class="oucontent-figure-image"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 25 Ellen Bialystok&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;An co-dhùnadh, ged a tha ceistean rim fuasgladh fhathast mun cheangal eadar dà-chànanas agus comas-eanchainn, tha barrachd is barrachd aonta ann mun seo, mar a tha Anne Brasier à Oilthigh Kagoshima (Iapan) a’ mìneachadh ann an &lt;i&gt;The relationship between bilingualism and the cognitive development of bilingual children&lt;/i&gt; (1999): ‘Research has overwhelmingly concluded that bilingualism per se does not have any negative effects on cognition. In fact the opposite increasingly appears to be the case: that high levels of bilingualism have accelerating effects on children’s cognitive development.’&lt;/p&gt;</dc:description><dc:publisher>The Open University</dc:publisher><dc:creator>The Open University</dc:creator><dc:type>Course</dc:type><dc:format>text/html</dc:format><dc:language>en-GB</dc:language><dc:source>Cànan nan Gàidheal - Gaidhlig_1</dc:source><cc:license>Copyright © 2016 The Open University</cc:license></item>
    <item>
      <title>4.1.2 Ag ionnsachadh ch&amp;#xE0;nanan eile</title>
      <link>https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-4.1.2</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;Tha daoine a bha fileanta ann an d&amp;#xE0; ch&amp;#xE0;nan aig aois &amp;#xF2;g mar as trice nas fhe&amp;#xE0;rr na an &amp;#xE0;bhaist air c&amp;#xE0;nanan eile ionnsachadh. Tha seo f&amp;#xEC;or cuideachd mu dh&amp;#xF9;thchannan (e.g. An &amp;#xD2;laind no An Eilbheis). Tha diofar adhbhair airson seo.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S e aon adhbhar gu bheil ionnsachadh dara c&amp;#xE0;nain a’ toirt misneachd dhan neach-ionnsachaidh gus feuchainn air an treas no an ceathramh c&amp;#xE0;nan on a tha fhios aca a-nise gun urrainn dhaibh a dh&amp;#xE8;anamh. Bhon is e d&amp;#xEC;th misneachd a tha a’ cumail m&amp;#xF2;ran gun a bhith nas fhe&amp;#xE0;rr air c&amp;#xE0;nanan ionnsachadh, ’s e rud cudromach a tha seo.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A bharrachd air sin, tha fhios aig d&amp;#xE0;-ch&amp;#xE0;nanaich a-nise mar a dh’ionnsaicheas iad c&amp;#xE0;nan agus mar a dh&amp;#xE8;iligeas iad ri duilgheadasan agus faodaidh iad an t-e&amp;#xF2;las sin a chur gu feum leis an treas (no an ceathramh) c&amp;#xE0;nan.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha rannsachadh air sealltainn gu bheil d&amp;#xE0;-ch&amp;#xE0;nanaich nas mothachaile aig aois &amp;#xF2;g air an diofar eadar &amp;#x2018;cruth’ agus &amp;#x2018;br&amp;#xEC;gh’ fhaclan na tha clann aig nach eil ach aon ch&amp;#xE0;nan – i.e. tha fhios aca gu bheil barrachd air aon d&amp;#xF2;igh ann air rudan ainmeachadh. Ann an deuchainnean, mar eisimpleir, bha na d&amp;#xE0;-ch&amp;#xE0;nanaich &amp;#xF2;ga nas dualtaiche faclan a chur c&amp;#xF2;mhla air sg&amp;#xE0;th an ciall seach an coltas no am fuaim. Tha an comas seo na chuideachadh ann a bhith ag ionnsachadh ch&amp;#xE0;nanan eile.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha rannsachadh air seo a’ leantainn ach tha aonta ann gu bheil d&amp;#xE0;-ch&amp;#xE0;nanas aig aois &amp;#xF2;g a’ cuideachadh ann a bhith ag ionnsachadh ch&amp;#xE0;nanan eile &amp;#xE0;s d&amp;#xE8;idh sin. Airson cunntas air an rannsachadh. Cliog an &lt;span class="oucontent-linkwithtip"&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.lib.nifs-k.ac.jp/HPBU/annals/an21/21-71.pdf"&gt;seo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-casestudy oucontent-s-heavybox2 oucontent-s-box "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h3 oucontent-heading oucontent-nonumber"&gt;Sgeulachd Chr&amp;#xEC;sdein&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure oucontent-media-mini"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/020f79ba/gaelic_1_fig032_a.jpg" alt="" width="94" height="104" style="max-width:94px;" class="oucontent-figure-image"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 26&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#x2018;Rugadh mi san Eilean Sgitheanach ann an coimhearsnachd G&amp;#xE0;idhlig ach ’s e Beurla agus Fraingis a bha mi a’ cluinntinn aig an taigh. Dh’ionnsaich mi G&amp;#xE0;idhlig nuair a dh’fhosgail aonad G&amp;#xE0;idhlig sa Bhun-Sgoil ann am Port Righ. Nuair a dh’fh&amp;#xE0;g mi an sgoil chaidh mi gu Sabhal M&amp;#xF2;r Ostaig, colaiste G&amp;#xE0;idhlig na h-Alba, agus tha mi air a bhith ag obair ann an saoghal na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig bhon uair sin. Tha mi a’ faireachdainn gl&amp;#xE8; fhortanach gu robh cothrom agam G&amp;#xE0;idhlig ionnsachadh. &amp;#x2018;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-4.1.2</guid>
    <dc:title>4.1.2 Ag ionnsachadh chànanan eile</dc:title><dc:identifier>Gaidhlig_1</dc:identifier><dc:description>&lt;p&gt;Tha daoine a bha fileanta ann an dà chànan aig aois òg mar as trice nas fheàrr na an àbhaist air cànanan eile ionnsachadh. Tha seo fìor cuideachd mu dhùthchannan (e.g. An Òlaind no An Eilbheis). Tha diofar adhbhair airson seo.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S e aon adhbhar gu bheil ionnsachadh dara cànain a’ toirt misneachd dhan neach-ionnsachaidh gus feuchainn air an treas no an ceathramh cànan on a tha fhios aca a-nise gun urrainn dhaibh a dhèanamh. Bhon is e dìth misneachd a tha a’ cumail mòran gun a bhith nas fheàrr air cànanan ionnsachadh, ’s e rud cudromach a tha seo.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A bharrachd air sin, tha fhios aig dà-chànanaich a-nise mar a dh’ionnsaicheas iad cànan agus mar a dhèiligeas iad ri duilgheadasan agus faodaidh iad an t-eòlas sin a chur gu feum leis an treas (no an ceathramh) cànan.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha rannsachadh air sealltainn gu bheil dà-chànanaich nas mothachaile aig aois òg air an diofar eadar ‘cruth’ agus ‘brìgh’ fhaclan na tha clann aig nach eil ach aon chànan – i.e. tha fhios aca gu bheil barrachd air aon dòigh ann air rudan ainmeachadh. Ann an deuchainnean, mar eisimpleir, bha na dà-chànanaich òga nas dualtaiche faclan a chur còmhla air sgàth an ciall seach an coltas no am fuaim. Tha an comas seo na chuideachadh ann a bhith ag ionnsachadh chànanan eile.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha rannsachadh air seo a’ leantainn ach tha aonta ann gu bheil dà-chànanas aig aois òg a’ cuideachadh ann a bhith ag ionnsachadh chànanan eile às dèidh sin. Airson cunntas air an rannsachadh. Cliog an &lt;span class="oucontent-linkwithtip"&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.lib.nifs-k.ac.jp/HPBU/annals/an21/21-71.pdf"&gt;seo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-casestudy oucontent-s-heavybox2 oucontent-s-box "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h3 oucontent-heading oucontent-nonumber"&gt;Sgeulachd Chrìsdein&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure oucontent-media-mini"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/020f79ba/gaelic_1_fig032_a.jpg" alt="" width="94" height="104" style="max-width:94px;" class="oucontent-figure-image"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 26&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;‘Rugadh mi san Eilean Sgitheanach ann an coimhearsnachd Gàidhlig ach ’s e Beurla agus Fraingis a bha mi a’ cluinntinn aig an taigh. Dh’ionnsaich mi Gàidhlig nuair a dh’fhosgail aonad Gàidhlig sa Bhun-Sgoil ann am Port Righ. Nuair a dh’fhàg mi an sgoil chaidh mi gu Sabhal Mòr Ostaig, colaiste Gàidhlig na h-Alba, agus tha mi air a bhith ag obair ann an saoghal na Gàidhlig bhon uair sin. Tha mi a’ faireachdainn glè fhortanach gu robh cothrom agam Gàidhlig ionnsachadh. ‘&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</dc:description><dc:publisher>The Open University</dc:publisher><dc:creator>The Open University</dc:creator><dc:type>Course</dc:type><dc:format>text/html</dc:format><dc:language>en-GB</dc:language><dc:source>Cànan nan Gàidheal - Gaidhlig_1</dc:source><cc:license>Copyright © 2016 The Open University</cc:license></item>
    <item>
      <title>4.1.3 Buaidh air a&amp;#x2019; choimhearsnachd</title>
      <link>https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-4.1.3</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>&lt;div class="oucontent-box oucontent-s-heavybox1 oucontent-s-box " id="acfd4153-f876-4494-a59d-0ac7da550b85"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h3 oucontent-heading oucontent-nonumber"&gt;Bogsa 3 Final report and recommendations of The Nuffield Languages Inquiry, 2000 &lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;h3 class="oucontent-h4 oucontent-basic"&gt;From the foreword by Sir Trevor McDonald OBE and Sir John Boyd KCMG &lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Our mandate from the Nuffield Foundation, to look at the UK’s capability in languages and to report on what we need to do as a nation to improve it, was timely. Every day we are confronted by evidence that we live in a shrinking world. The breaking down of international barriers, a process which will move much further and faster in the course of this new century, has placed a premium on our ability to talk to our neighbours in the global village &amp;#x2026; The scale of what needs to be done has become ever more striking as our work has gone on. At the moment, by any reliable measure, we are doing badly. We talk about communication but don’t always communicate. There is enthusiasm for languages but it is patchy. Educational provision is fragmented, achievement poorly measured, continuity not very evident. In the language of our time, there is a lack of joined-up thinking.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-box oucontent-s-heavybox1 oucontent-s-box " id="v92e548cc-b186-4877-b761-a4213d38337d"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h3 oucontent-heading oucontent-nonumber"&gt;Bogsa 4 Foreign languages in the upper secondary school: the causes of decline &lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;h3 class="oucontent-h4 oucontent-basic"&gt;Joanna McPake, Lindsay Lyall (SCRE); Richard Johnstone, Lesley Low (University of Stirling) &lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h3 class="oucontent-h5 oucontent-basic"&gt;Introduction&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;In November 1996, researchers at the Scottish Council for Research in Education (SCRE) and the Institute of Education at the University of Stirling began a study of the causes of decline in uptake of Higher courses in modern languages in Scottish secondary schools. The study was funded by The Scottish Office Education and Industry Department (SOEID) in response to evidence from the Scottish Qualifications Authority (SQA) that the numbers of students entered for Higher examinations in modern languages had fallen by approximately 50 per cent between 1976 and 1996, and consequent widespread concern about the effects of declining capability in modern languages on Scottish industry and trade and on Scotland’s role within Europe.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha a’ mh&amp;#xF2;r-chuid ann an Alba, agus ann am Breatainn san fharsaingeachd, ag aontachadh gu bheil.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul class="oucontent-unnumbered"&gt;&lt;li&gt;a) ionnsachadh ch&amp;#xE0;nanan eile ar leth feumail ann an saoghal an latha an-diugh&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;b) nach eil sinne math air a seo.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ged is ann air c&amp;#xE0;nanan mar Gearmailtis no S&amp;#xEC;onais mar as trice a tha daoine a’ smaoineachadh nuair a tha iad a’ r&amp;#xE0;dh rudan mar seo, tha buntannas aig seo ris a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig cuideachd oir.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul class="oucontent-unnumbered"&gt;&lt;li&gt;a) tha ionnsachadh aon ch&amp;#xE0;nan ga dh&amp;#xE8;anamh nas fhasa t’&amp;#xE8;ile ionnsachadh, ge b’e d&amp;#xE8; na c&amp;#xE0;nanan a tha ann, mar a chunnaic sinn gu h-&amp;#xE0;rd&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;b) tha a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig air a teagasg is air a bruidhinn air feadh Alba agus mar sin ’s e c&amp;#xE0;nan a tha innte leis a bheil e furasta t&amp;#xF2;iseachadh ag ionnsachadh ch&amp;#xE0;nanan&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;c) tha ionnsachadh dara c&amp;#xE0;nain mar a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig a’ toirt dhuinn &amp;#x2018;uinneag eile air an t-saoghal’, rud a tha feumail san linn ioma-chultarach sa bheil sinn be&amp;#xF2;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;d) bheireadh ionnsachadh na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig fosgladh-s&amp;#xF9;la do shluagh a tha air f&amp;#xE0;s cleachdte ri bhith bruidhinn d&amp;#xEC;reach aon ch&amp;#xE0;nan agus aig nach eil am misneachd no am miann a dh’fheumar airson c&amp;#xE0;nanan &amp;#xF9;ra ionnsachadh.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;A bharrachd air sin, tha m&amp;#xF2;ran a dh’fhaodas an fheadhainn a tha an urra ri teagasg ch&amp;#xE0;nanan eile ionnsachadh o na d&amp;#xF2;ighean-teagaisg a tha air a bhith cho soirbheachail sa Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig – gu h-&amp;#xE0;raidh foghlam bogaidh.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-4.1.3</guid>
    <dc:title>4.1.3 Buaidh air a’ choimhearsnachd</dc:title><dc:identifier>Gaidhlig_1</dc:identifier><dc:description>&lt;div class="oucontent-box oucontent-s-heavybox1 oucontent-s-box " id="acfd4153-f876-4494-a59d-0ac7da550b85"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h3 oucontent-heading oucontent-nonumber"&gt;Bogsa 3 Final report and recommendations of The Nuffield Languages Inquiry, 2000 &lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;h3 class="oucontent-h4 oucontent-basic"&gt;From the foreword by Sir Trevor McDonald OBE and Sir John Boyd KCMG &lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Our mandate from the Nuffield Foundation, to look at the UK’s capability in languages and to report on what we need to do as a nation to improve it, was timely. Every day we are confronted by evidence that we live in a shrinking world. The breaking down of international barriers, a process which will move much further and faster in the course of this new century, has placed a premium on our ability to talk to our neighbours in the global village … The scale of what needs to be done has become ever more striking as our work has gone on. At the moment, by any reliable measure, we are doing badly. We talk about communication but don’t always communicate. There is enthusiasm for languages but it is patchy. Educational provision is fragmented, achievement poorly measured, continuity not very evident. In the language of our time, there is a lack of joined-up thinking.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-box oucontent-s-heavybox1 oucontent-s-box " id="v92e548cc-b186-4877-b761-a4213d38337d"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h3 oucontent-heading oucontent-nonumber"&gt;Bogsa 4 Foreign languages in the upper secondary school: the causes of decline &lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;h3 class="oucontent-h4 oucontent-basic"&gt;Joanna McPake, Lindsay Lyall (SCRE); Richard Johnstone, Lesley Low (University of Stirling) &lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h3 class="oucontent-h5 oucontent-basic"&gt;Introduction&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;In November 1996, researchers at the Scottish Council for Research in Education (SCRE) and the Institute of Education at the University of Stirling began a study of the causes of decline in uptake of Higher courses in modern languages in Scottish secondary schools. The study was funded by The Scottish Office Education and Industry Department (SOEID) in response to evidence from the Scottish Qualifications Authority (SQA) that the numbers of students entered for Higher examinations in modern languages had fallen by approximately 50 per cent between 1976 and 1996, and consequent widespread concern about the effects of declining capability in modern languages on Scottish industry and trade and on Scotland’s role within Europe.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha a’ mhòr-chuid ann an Alba, agus ann am Breatainn san fharsaingeachd, ag aontachadh gu bheil.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul class="oucontent-unnumbered"&gt;&lt;li&gt;a) ionnsachadh chànanan eile ar leth feumail ann an saoghal an latha an-diugh&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;b) nach eil sinne math air a seo.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ged is ann air cànanan mar Gearmailtis no Sìonais mar as trice a tha daoine a’ smaoineachadh nuair a tha iad a’ ràdh rudan mar seo, tha buntannas aig seo ris a’ Ghàidhlig cuideachd oir.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul class="oucontent-unnumbered"&gt;&lt;li&gt;a) tha ionnsachadh aon chànan ga dhèanamh nas fhasa t’èile ionnsachadh, ge b’e dè na cànanan a tha ann, mar a chunnaic sinn gu h-àrd&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;b) tha a’ Ghàidhlig air a teagasg is air a bruidhinn air feadh Alba agus mar sin ’s e cànan a tha innte leis a bheil e furasta tòiseachadh ag ionnsachadh chànanan&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;c) tha ionnsachadh dara cànain mar a’ Ghàidhlig a’ toirt dhuinn ‘uinneag eile air an t-saoghal’, rud a tha feumail san linn ioma-chultarach sa bheil sinn beò&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;d) bheireadh ionnsachadh na Gàidhlig fosgladh-sùla do shluagh a tha air fàs cleachdte ri bhith bruidhinn dìreach aon chànan agus aig nach eil am misneachd no am miann a dh’fheumar airson cànanan ùra ionnsachadh.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;A bharrachd air sin, tha mòran a dh’fhaodas an fheadhainn a tha an urra ri teagasg chànanan eile ionnsachadh o na dòighean-teagaisg a tha air a bhith cho soirbheachail sa Ghàidhlig – gu h-àraidh foghlam bogaidh.&lt;/p&gt;</dc:description><dc:publisher>The Open University</dc:publisher><dc:creator>The Open University</dc:creator><dc:type>Course</dc:type><dc:format>text/html</dc:format><dc:language>en-GB</dc:language><dc:source>Cànan nan Gàidheal - Gaidhlig_1</dc:source><cc:license>Copyright © 2016 The Open University</cc:license></item>
    <item>
      <title>4.2.1 Freagairt cultarach</title>
      <link>https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-4.2.1</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;’S e fear de na pr&amp;#xEC;omh adhbhair a tha daoine ann an Alba ag ionnsachadh na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig no a’ cur an clann gu foghlam tro mheadhan na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig gu bheil iad a’ faireachdainn gu bheil a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig na p&amp;#xE0;irt phr&amp;#xEC;seil de eachdraidh na h-Alba, cho math ri bhith na p&amp;#xE0;irt de bheatha chultarach na d&amp;#xF9;thcha san latha an-diugh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha fi&amp;#xF9; ’s ainm na d&amp;#xF9;thcha a’ tighinn on Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig oir ’s e &amp;#x2018;Scoti’ an t-ainm a thug na R&amp;#xF2;manaich air an luchd-G&amp;#xE0;idhlig (&amp;#xE0; &amp;#xC8;irinn) air an t&amp;#xE0;inig iad tarsaing an seo. Tha ceangal dl&amp;#xF9;th cuideachd eadar suaicheantais Albannach mar an tartan agus a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig agus tha dualchas ci&amp;#xF9;il na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig air buaidh a thoirt air ce&amp;#xF2;l Albannach san fharsaingeachd - agus air a bhith a’ dol o neart gu neart o chionn ghoirid.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha ainmean-&amp;#xE0;ite a’ cumail air chuimhne na cultaran a bha ann an sg&amp;#xEC;rean o chionn fhada agus a thug buaidh air mar a tha iad an-diugh. Tha ainmean a th&amp;#xE0;inig on Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig air am faighinn sa mh&amp;#xF2;r-chuid de Alba. Tha cuid dhiubh a’ tarraing air cruth na t&amp;#xEC;re, mar eisimpleir canar uaireannan An t-Sr&amp;#xF2;n ri Troon an Siorrachd &amp;#xC0;ir agus chithear an gob a tha toirt ant t-ainm sin dha anns a’ chaladh. Tha cuid eile nam fianais air eachdraidh a tha air a dhol &amp;#xE0; cuimhne: mar eisimpleir tha sg&amp;#xEC;re thaigheadais an Inbhirnis air a bheil Dalneigh. Tha an t-seann ainm G&amp;#xE0;idhlig a bha air, Dail an Eich a’ toirt sealladh dhuinn air &amp;#xE0;m nuair a bha an sg&amp;#xEC;re air a h-&amp;#xE0;iteach. Gu h-&amp;#xEC;oranta chaidh se&amp;#xF2;rsa de cheangal ris an &amp;#xE0;m sin a dh&amp;#xE8;anamh as &amp;#xF9;r bho chionn ghoirid nuair a chaidh lotaichean a st&amp;#xE8;idheachadh ann.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:398px;"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/83ef1400/gaelic_1_fig033.jpg" alt="An t-sron map" width="398" height="284" style="max-width:398px;" class="oucontent-figure-image" longdesc="view.php?id=1965&amp;amp;extra=longdesc_idm5723856"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 27 An t-Sr&amp;#xF2;n ann an Siorrachd &amp;#xC0;ir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-longdesclink oucontent-longdesconly"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;amp;extra=longdesc_idm5723856&amp;amp;clicked=1"&gt;Long description&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a id="back_longdesc_idm5723856"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Airson fiosrachadh air ainmean-&amp;#xE0;ite G&amp;#xE0;idhlig, tadhail air l&amp;#xE0;rach-l&amp;#xEC;n &lt;span class="oucontent-linkwithtip"&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.ainmean-aite.org/news.asp"&gt;Ainmean-&amp;#xC0;ite na h-Alba&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-4.2.1</guid>
    <dc:title>4.2.1 Freagairt cultarach</dc:title><dc:identifier>Gaidhlig_1</dc:identifier><dc:description>&lt;p&gt;’S e fear de na prìomh adhbhair a tha daoine ann an Alba ag ionnsachadh na Gàidhlig no a’ cur an clann gu foghlam tro mheadhan na Gàidhlig gu bheil iad a’ faireachdainn gu bheil a’ Ghàidhlig na pàirt phrìseil de eachdraidh na h-Alba, cho math ri bhith na pàirt de bheatha chultarach na dùthcha san latha an-diugh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha fiù ’s ainm na dùthcha a’ tighinn on Ghàidhlig oir ’s e ‘Scoti’ an t-ainm a thug na Ròmanaich air an luchd-Gàidhlig (à Èirinn) air an tàinig iad tarsaing an seo. Tha ceangal dlùth cuideachd eadar suaicheantais Albannach mar an tartan agus a’ Ghàidhlig agus tha dualchas ciùil na Gàidhlig air buaidh a thoirt air ceòl Albannach san fharsaingeachd - agus air a bhith a’ dol o neart gu neart o chionn ghoirid.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha ainmean-àite a’ cumail air chuimhne na cultaran a bha ann an sgìrean o chionn fhada agus a thug buaidh air mar a tha iad an-diugh. Tha ainmean a thàinig on Ghàidhlig air am faighinn sa mhòr-chuid de Alba. Tha cuid dhiubh a’ tarraing air cruth na tìre, mar eisimpleir canar uaireannan An t-Sròn ri Troon an Siorrachd Àir agus chithear an gob a tha toirt ant t-ainm sin dha anns a’ chaladh. Tha cuid eile nam fianais air eachdraidh a tha air a dhol à cuimhne: mar eisimpleir tha sgìre thaigheadais an Inbhirnis air a bheil Dalneigh. Tha an t-seann ainm Gàidhlig a bha air, Dail an Eich a’ toirt sealladh dhuinn air àm nuair a bha an sgìre air a h-àiteach. Gu h-ìoranta chaidh seòrsa de cheangal ris an àm sin a dhèanamh as ùr bho chionn ghoirid nuair a chaidh lotaichean a stèidheachadh ann.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:398px;"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/83ef1400/gaelic_1_fig033.jpg" alt="An t-sron map" width="398" height="284" style="max-width:398px;" class="oucontent-figure-image" longdesc="view.php?id=1965&amp;extra=longdesc_idm5723856"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 27 An t-Sròn ann an Siorrachd Àir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-longdesclink oucontent-longdesconly"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;extra=longdesc_idm5723856&amp;clicked=1"&gt;Long description&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a id="back_longdesc_idm5723856"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Airson fiosrachadh air ainmean-àite Gàidhlig, tadhail air làrach-lìn &lt;span class="oucontent-linkwithtip"&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.ainmean-aite.org/news.asp"&gt;Ainmean-Àite na h-Alba&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</dc:description><dc:publisher>The Open University</dc:publisher><dc:creator>The Open University</dc:creator><dc:type>Course</dc:type><dc:format>text/html</dc:format><dc:language>en-GB</dc:language><dc:source>Cànan nan Gàidheal - Gaidhlig_1</dc:source><cc:license>Copyright © 2016 The Open University</cc:license></item>
    <item>
      <title>4.2.2 Freagairt practaigeach</title>
      <link>https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-4.2.2</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;Tha adhbhair nas bunaitiche cuideachd aig daoine airson a bhith ag ionnsachadh na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig – no a’ cur air d&amp;#xF2;igh gun ionnsaich an clann i – agus ’s e sin gu bheil grunn ann de chothroman-cosnaidh a-nise far a bheil comas a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig a bhruidhinn feumail no do-sheachaint.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Seo dithis a tha a’ cleachdadh na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig nan obair.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-casestudy oucontent-s-heavybox2 oucontent-s-box "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h3 oucontent-heading oucontent-nonumber"&gt;Sgeulachd Iain&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#x2018;'S ann &amp;#xE0; Uibhist a Deas a tha mi agus tha mi air fuireach an seo cha mh&amp;#xF2;r fad mo bheatha. Chaidh mo thogail a' bruidhinn G&amp;#xE0;idhlig - tha e coltach, nuair a chaidh mi dhan sgoil, nach robh facal Beurla agam! Chaidh mi dhan oilthigh ann a Sruighlea agus ann an 2008 thug mi mach ceum ann an litreachas Beurla.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure oucontent-media-mini"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/5e44f803/gaelic_1_fig017.jpg" alt="" width="150" height="160" style="max-width:150px;" class="oucontent-figure-image"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 28&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;An-dr&amp;#xE0;sta tha mi ag obair dhan BhBC mar fhear-naidheachd ann a sg&amp;#xEC;re Uibhist agus Bharraigh, a’ siubhal eadar na h-eileanan sin ag aithris&amp;#xA0;naidheachdan an &amp;#xE0;ite. Nuair nach eil mi ag obair, mar is trice tha mi trang air croitean an teaghlaich agam.’&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-casestudy oucontent-s-heavybox2 oucontent-s-box " id="v06def8af-69a1-41e6-9cac-4f4757b00942"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h3 oucontent-heading oucontent-nonumber"&gt;Sgeulachd S&amp;#xEC;ne&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure oucontent-media-mini"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/b785900e/gaelic_1_fig036_new.jpg" alt="" width="218" height="153" style="max-width:218px;" class="oucontent-figure-image"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 29&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#x2018;Rugadh agus thogadh mi ann an Ceap Breatainn, Canada. Bha G&amp;#xE0;idhlig agam fh&amp;#xEC;n agus mo thri&amp;#xF9;ir bhr&amp;#xE0;ithrean ag &amp;#xE8;irigh suas. Th&amp;#xE0;inig mi a dh’Alba ann an 1998 agus rinn mi ceum ann an Sabhal M&amp;#xF2;r Ostaig. Thr&amp;#xE8;an mi mar thidsear agus tha mi a’ teagasg tro mheadhan na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig air a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhealtachd. Tha mi fh&amp;#xEC;n agus an duine agam a’ fuireach ann an Inbhir Nis agus tha nighean bheag againn.’&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-4.2.2</guid>
    <dc:title>4.2.2 Freagairt practaigeach</dc:title><dc:identifier>Gaidhlig_1</dc:identifier><dc:description>&lt;p&gt;Tha adhbhair nas bunaitiche cuideachd aig daoine airson a bhith ag ionnsachadh na Gàidhlig – no a’ cur air dòigh gun ionnsaich an clann i – agus ’s e sin gu bheil grunn ann de chothroman-cosnaidh a-nise far a bheil comas a’ Ghàidhlig a bhruidhinn feumail no do-sheachaint.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Seo dithis a tha a’ cleachdadh na Gàidhlig nan obair.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-casestudy oucontent-s-heavybox2 oucontent-s-box "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h3 oucontent-heading oucontent-nonumber"&gt;Sgeulachd Iain&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;p&gt;‘'S ann à Uibhist a Deas a tha mi agus tha mi air fuireach an seo cha mhòr fad mo bheatha. Chaidh mo thogail a' bruidhinn Gàidhlig - tha e coltach, nuair a chaidh mi dhan sgoil, nach robh facal Beurla agam! Chaidh mi dhan oilthigh ann a Sruighlea agus ann an 2008 thug mi mach ceum ann an litreachas Beurla.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure oucontent-media-mini"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/5e44f803/gaelic_1_fig017.jpg" alt="" width="150" height="160" style="max-width:150px;" class="oucontent-figure-image"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 28&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;An-dràsta tha mi ag obair dhan BhBC mar fhear-naidheachd ann a sgìre Uibhist agus Bharraigh, a’ siubhal eadar na h-eileanan sin ag aithris naidheachdan an àite. Nuair nach eil mi ag obair, mar is trice tha mi trang air croitean an teaghlaich agam.’&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-casestudy oucontent-s-heavybox2 oucontent-s-box " id="v06def8af-69a1-41e6-9cac-4f4757b00942"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h3 oucontent-heading oucontent-nonumber"&gt;Sgeulachd Sìne&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure oucontent-media-mini"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/b785900e/gaelic_1_fig036_new.jpg" alt="" width="218" height="153" style="max-width:218px;" class="oucontent-figure-image"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 29&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;‘Rugadh agus thogadh mi ann an Ceap Breatainn, Canada. Bha Gàidhlig agam fhìn agus mo thriùir bhràithrean ag èirigh suas. Thàinig mi a dh’Alba ann an 1998 agus rinn mi ceum ann an Sabhal Mòr Ostaig. Thrèan mi mar thidsear agus tha mi a’ teagasg tro mheadhan na Gàidhlig air a’ Ghàidhealtachd. Tha mi fhìn agus an duine agam a’ fuireach ann an Inbhir Nis agus tha nighean bheag againn.’&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</dc:description><dc:publisher>The Open University</dc:publisher><dc:creator>The Open University</dc:creator><dc:type>Course</dc:type><dc:format>text/html</dc:format><dc:language>en-GB</dc:language><dc:source>Cànan nan Gàidheal - Gaidhlig_1</dc:source><cc:license>Copyright © 2016 The Open University</cc:license></item>
    <item>
      <title>4.3.1 Ro-r&amp;#xE0;dh</title>
      <link>https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-4.3.1</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;’S e freagairt eile dhan cheist &amp;#x2018;Carson G&amp;#xE0;idhlig?’ gu bheil c&amp;#xF2;irichean aig mion-ch&amp;#xE0;nanan mar a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig anns an lagh, gu h-ionadail agus gu h-eadar-n&amp;#xE0;iseanta, mar a tha e air innse gu h-&amp;#xEC;osal.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-4.3.1</guid>
    <dc:title>4.3.1 Ro-ràdh</dc:title><dc:identifier>Gaidhlig_1</dc:identifier><dc:description>&lt;p&gt;’S e freagairt eile dhan cheist ‘Carson Gàidhlig?’ gu bheil còirichean aig mion-chànanan mar a’ Ghàidhlig anns an lagh, gu h-ionadail agus gu h-eadar-nàiseanta, mar a tha e air innse gu h-ìosal.&lt;/p&gt;</dc:description><dc:publisher>The Open University</dc:publisher><dc:creator>The Open University</dc:creator><dc:type>Course</dc:type><dc:format>text/html</dc:format><dc:language>en-GB</dc:language><dc:source>Cànan nan Gàidheal - Gaidhlig_1</dc:source><cc:license>Copyright © 2016 The Open University</cc:license></item>
    <item>
      <title>4.3.2 Na N&amp;#xE0;iseanan Aonaichte</title>
      <link>https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-4.3.2</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;Ghabh na N&amp;#xE0;iseanan Aonaichte, aig an 92amh l&amp;#xE0;n-choinneamh air 18 D&amp;#xF9;bhlachd 1992 ri &amp;#x2018;Aithris air C&amp;#xF2;irichean dhaoine a bhuineas don bheag-chuid a thaobh N&amp;#xE0;isean, Cultar, Creideamh no C&amp;#xE0;nan’. Tha Earrann 1 ag iarraidh:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ol class="oucontent-numbered"&gt;&lt;li&gt;gun d&amp;#xEC;on St&amp;#xE0;itean neo-eisimeileachd bhuidhnean a tha sa bheag-chuid a thaobh n&amp;#xE0;isean, cultar, creideamh no c&amp;#xE0;nan anns na d&amp;#xF9;thchannan aca agus gun cruthaich iad suidhichidhean a bhios taiceil dhaibh&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;gun cuir St&amp;#xE0;itean laghan agus riaghailtean an gn&amp;#xEC;omh le sin san amharc.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;</description>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-4.3.2</guid>
    <dc:title>4.3.2 Na Nàiseanan Aonaichte</dc:title><dc:identifier>Gaidhlig_1</dc:identifier><dc:description>&lt;p&gt;Ghabh na Nàiseanan Aonaichte, aig an 92amh làn-choinneamh air 18 Dùbhlachd 1992 ri ‘Aithris air Còirichean dhaoine a bhuineas don bheag-chuid a thaobh Nàisean, Cultar, Creideamh no Cànan’. Tha Earrann 1 ag iarraidh:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ol class="oucontent-numbered"&gt;&lt;li&gt;gun dìon Stàitean neo-eisimeileachd bhuidhnean a tha sa bheag-chuid a thaobh nàisean, cultar, creideamh no cànan anns na dùthchannan aca agus gun cruthaich iad suidhichidhean a bhios taiceil dhaibh&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;gun cuir Stàitean laghan agus riaghailtean an gnìomh le sin san amharc.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;</dc:description><dc:publisher>The Open University</dc:publisher><dc:creator>The Open University</dc:creator><dc:type>Course</dc:type><dc:format>text/html</dc:format><dc:language>en-GB</dc:language><dc:source>Cànan nan Gàidheal - Gaidhlig_1</dc:source><cc:license>Copyright © 2016 The Open University</cc:license></item>
    <item>
      <title>4.3.3 Cairt E&amp;#xF2;rpach nam Mion-ch&amp;#xE0;nan</title>
      <link>https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-4.3.3</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;Tha Artaigil 22 de Chairt E&amp;#xF2;rpach nan C&amp;#xF2;irichean Bunaiteach ag innse gu bheil: &amp;#x2018;An t-Aonadh a’ cur luach air diofar chultaran, chreideamhan agus ch&amp;#xE0;nanan.’&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha seo air a mh&amp;#xEC;neachadh nas soilleire ann an Cairt E&amp;#xF2;rpach nam Mion-ch&amp;#xE0;nan, ris an do ghabh Comhairle na h-E&amp;#xF2;rpa ann an 1992 mar mheadhan air c&amp;#xE0;nanan d&amp;#xF9;thchasach air feadh na Roinn E&amp;#xF2;rpa a bhrosnachadh agus ath-bheothachadh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dh’aontaich Riaghaltas na RA ri Cairt E&amp;#xF2;rpach nam Mion-ch&amp;#xE0;nan ann an 2000 agus chaidh seo a dhaingneachadh le P&amp;#xE0;rlamaid na RA ann an 2001. Bidh Comataidh E&amp;#xF2;laichean Comhairle na h-E&amp;#xF2;rpa a’ tadhal gu cunbhalach air r&amp;#xEC;oghachdan a dh’aontaich ris a’ Chairt gus dearbhadh gu bheileas ga coileanadh.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-4.3.3</guid>
    <dc:title>4.3.3 Cairt Eòrpach nam Mion-chànan</dc:title><dc:identifier>Gaidhlig_1</dc:identifier><dc:description>&lt;p&gt;Tha Artaigil 22 de Chairt Eòrpach nan Còirichean Bunaiteach ag innse gu bheil: ‘An t-Aonadh a’ cur luach air diofar chultaran, chreideamhan agus chànanan.’&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha seo air a mhìneachadh nas soilleire ann an Cairt Eòrpach nam Mion-chànan, ris an do ghabh Comhairle na h-Eòrpa ann an 1992 mar mheadhan air cànanan dùthchasach air feadh na Roinn Eòrpa a bhrosnachadh agus ath-bheothachadh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dh’aontaich Riaghaltas na RA ri Cairt Eòrpach nam Mion-chànan ann an 2000 agus chaidh seo a dhaingneachadh le Pàrlamaid na RA ann an 2001. Bidh Comataidh Eòlaichean Comhairle na h-Eòrpa a’ tadhal gu cunbhalach air rìoghachdan a dh’aontaich ris a’ Chairt gus dearbhadh gu bheileas ga coileanadh.&lt;/p&gt;</dc:description><dc:publisher>The Open University</dc:publisher><dc:creator>The Open University</dc:creator><dc:type>Course</dc:type><dc:format>text/html</dc:format><dc:language>en-GB</dc:language><dc:source>Cànan nan Gàidheal - Gaidhlig_1</dc:source><cc:license>Copyright © 2016 The Open University</cc:license></item>
    <item>
      <title>4.3.4 Achd na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig</title>
      <link>https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-4.3.4</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;Air Giblean 21, 2005 ghabh a’ Ph&amp;#xE0;rlamaid Albannach ri Achd na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig (Alba). ’S e adhbhar na h-Achd, a r&amp;#xE8;ir an Ro-r&amp;#xE0;dh:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-quote oucontent-s-box"&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#x2018;To establish a body having functions exercisable with a view to securing the status of the Gaelic language as an official language of Scotland commanding equal respect to the English language, including the functions of preparing a national Gaelic language plan, of requiring certain public authorities to prepare and publish Gaelic language plans in connection with the exercise of their functions and to maintain and implement such plans, and of issuing guidance in relation to Gaelic education.’&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-box oucontent-s-heavybox1 oucontent-s-box " id="v1dd15788-c509-49d0-a9dc-65dd06c41ea3"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h3 oucontent-heading oucontent-nonumber"&gt;Bogsa 5 Gaelic Language (Scotland) Act 2005&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;h3 class="oucontent-h4 oucontent-basic"&gt;The Act – an overview&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol class="oucontent-numbered"&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;These Explanatory Notes have been prepared by the Scottish Executive in order to assist the reader of the Act. They do not form part of the Act and have not been endorsed by the Parliament.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Notes should be read in conjunction with the Act. They are not, and are not meant to be, a comprehensive description of the Act. So where a section or schedule, or part of a section or schedule, does not seem to require any explanation or comment, none is given.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Gaelic Language (Scotland) Act 2005 establishes a body, B&amp;#xF2;rd na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig (the B&amp;#xF2;rd), to promote the use and understanding of the Gaelic language and enables the B&amp;#xF2;rd to require certain public bodies to prepare and implement plans which will set out how they will use the Gaelic language in the exercise of their functions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Section 1 establishes the B&amp;#xF2;rd with the functions of promoting the use and understanding of the Gaelic language; promoting and advising on Gaelic language, culture and education matters; and reporting to the Scottish Ministers on the implementation of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages in relation to the Gaelic language.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Section 2 requires the B&amp;#xF2;rd to develop a national Gaelic language plan setting out how it proposes to exercise those functions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sections 3 to 8 enable the B&amp;#xF2;rd to require relevant public authorities to prepare and implement Gaelic language plans. These plans will set out how the public authority will use the language in connection with the exercise of its functions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Section 9 provides for the B&amp;#xF2;rd to issue guidance on the provision and development of Gaelic education.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha an aithghearrachd seo ann an Ro-r&amp;#xE0;dh Achd 2005. Chithear copaidh den Achd an &lt;span class="oucontent-linkwithtip"&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/asp/2005/7/contents"&gt;seo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chaidh &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.gaidhlig.org.uk"&gt;B&amp;#xF2;rd na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig&lt;/a&gt; a st&amp;#xE8;idheachadh ann an 2005. Dh’ullaich am B&amp;#xF2;rd &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.gaidhlig.org.uk/en/national-plan-for-gaelic"&gt;Plana N&amp;#xE0;iseanta&lt;/a&gt; airson na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig (le ro-innleachd airson foghlam G&amp;#xE0;idhlig) an 2007 agus on uair sin tha am B&amp;#xF2;rd air iarraidh air grunn bhuidhnean planaichean G&amp;#xE0;idhlig ullachadh.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-4.3.4</guid>
    <dc:title>4.3.4 Achd na Gàidhlig</dc:title><dc:identifier>Gaidhlig_1</dc:identifier><dc:description>&lt;p&gt;Air Giblean 21, 2005 ghabh a’ Phàrlamaid Albannach ri Achd na Gàidhlig (Alba). ’S e adhbhar na h-Achd, a rèir an Ro-ràdh:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-quote oucontent-s-box"&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;‘To establish a body having functions exercisable with a view to securing the status of the Gaelic language as an official language of Scotland commanding equal respect to the English language, including the functions of preparing a national Gaelic language plan, of requiring certain public authorities to prepare and publish Gaelic language plans in connection with the exercise of their functions and to maintain and implement such plans, and of issuing guidance in relation to Gaelic education.’&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-box oucontent-s-heavybox1 oucontent-s-box " id="v1dd15788-c509-49d0-a9dc-65dd06c41ea3"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h3 oucontent-heading oucontent-nonumber"&gt;Bogsa 5 Gaelic Language (Scotland) Act 2005&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;h3 class="oucontent-h4 oucontent-basic"&gt;The Act – an overview&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol class="oucontent-numbered"&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;These Explanatory Notes have been prepared by the Scottish Executive in order to assist the reader of the Act. They do not form part of the Act and have not been endorsed by the Parliament.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Notes should be read in conjunction with the Act. They are not, and are not meant to be, a comprehensive description of the Act. So where a section or schedule, or part of a section or schedule, does not seem to require any explanation or comment, none is given.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Gaelic Language (Scotland) Act 2005 establishes a body, Bòrd na Gàidhlig (the Bòrd), to promote the use and understanding of the Gaelic language and enables the Bòrd to require certain public bodies to prepare and implement plans which will set out how they will use the Gaelic language in the exercise of their functions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Section 1 establishes the Bòrd with the functions of promoting the use and understanding of the Gaelic language; promoting and advising on Gaelic language, culture and education matters; and reporting to the Scottish Ministers on the implementation of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages in relation to the Gaelic language.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Section 2 requires the Bòrd to develop a national Gaelic language plan setting out how it proposes to exercise those functions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sections 3 to 8 enable the Bòrd to require relevant public authorities to prepare and implement Gaelic language plans. These plans will set out how the public authority will use the language in connection with the exercise of its functions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Section 9 provides for the Bòrd to issue guidance on the provision and development of Gaelic education.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha an aithghearrachd seo ann an Ro-ràdh Achd 2005. Chithear copaidh den Achd an &lt;span class="oucontent-linkwithtip"&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/asp/2005/7/contents"&gt;seo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chaidh &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.gaidhlig.org.uk"&gt;Bòrd na Gàidhlig&lt;/a&gt; a stèidheachadh ann an 2005. Dh’ullaich am Bòrd &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.gaidhlig.org.uk/en/national-plan-for-gaelic"&gt;Plana Nàiseanta&lt;/a&gt; airson na Gàidhlig (le ro-innleachd airson foghlam Gàidhlig) an 2007 agus on uair sin tha am Bòrd air iarraidh air grunn bhuidhnean planaichean Gàidhlig ullachadh.&lt;/p&gt;</dc:description><dc:publisher>The Open University</dc:publisher><dc:creator>The Open University</dc:creator><dc:type>Course</dc:type><dc:format>text/html</dc:format><dc:language>en-GB</dc:language><dc:source>Cànan nan Gàidheal - Gaidhlig_1</dc:source><cc:license>Copyright © 2016 The Open University</cc:license></item>
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      <title>4.4.1 Te Reo Maori</title>
      <link>https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-4.4.1</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;Anns a’ chuid mh&amp;#xF2;r den t-saoghal tha d&amp;#xE0;-ch&amp;#xE0;nanas (no fi&amp;#xF9; ’s ioma-ch&amp;#xE0;nanas) cumanta. Tha mion-ch&amp;#xE0;nanan coltach ris a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig anns a’ mh&amp;#xF2;r-chuid a dh&amp;#xF9;thchannan, leis an aon se&amp;#xF2;rsa dhuilgheadasan agus dh&amp;#xF9;rachdan. Tha luchd-labhairt nan c&amp;#xE0;nan sin a’ f&amp;#xE0;s nas mothachaile air a sin agus air na dh’fhaodas iad ionnsachadh o ch&amp;#xE8;ile.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Aig co-labhairt a chuir Comhairle na G&amp;#xE0;idhealtachd air chois ann an 2005, dh’innis Tipene Chrisp, Manaidsear Poileasaidh ann am Ministrealachd Leasachadh Maori aig Riaghaltas Shealain Nuaidh mu shuidheachadh Maori aig an &amp;#xE0;m sin.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-quote oucontent-s-box"&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#x2018;By the late 1970s, it was predicted that the Maori language would be dead by 2010. This dire prediction sparked significant action to revitalise Maori in the early 1980s.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;There was some recognition of the importance of home and community in this early phase. However, this recognition was quickly overtaken by our emphasis on formal education and broadcasting as the primary means for language revitalisation. It wasn’t until the Maori Language Conference of 1995 that home and community language development returned to the agenda.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The renewed emphasis on home and community language development was based on Fishman’s focus on intergenerational language transmission. We absorbed this theoretical approach over time and were inspired by it. It has been adopted as the central platform of our strategy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We realised quite early that Government cannot directly influence intergenerational language transmission. We can only take indirect measures that support the creation of an environment that is conducive to intergenerational language transmission in homes and communities. Our research indicated that there were three broad instruments for providing this indirect support:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul class="oucontent-bulleted"&gt;&lt;li&gt;Incentives (mainly indirect, such as preferential access to particular schools)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;information (originally text-based for reasons of cost but now involving a range of media, including storylines in TV soaps)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;advice (delivered mainly through language planning at the community level and a system of family language mentors on the home front).’&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha luchd-brosnachaidh c&amp;#xE0;nan nam Maori den bheachd gu bheil an teaghlach agus a’ choimhearsnachd s&amp;#xF2;nraichte cudromach ma tha a’ ch&amp;#xE0;nan dol a thighinn be&amp;#xF2; agus mar sin ’s e suidheachadh far a bheil i ga toirt le aon ghinealach dhan ath ghinealach a’ phr&amp;#xEC;omh amas aca. Tha &amp;#xE0;ite cudromach air a bhith aig na &lt;i&gt;kohanga reo&lt;/i&gt;, no na &amp;#x2018;neadan c&amp;#xE0;nain’, a tha toirt seachad tr&amp;#xE0;th-fhoghlam ann am Maori, anns an ro-innleachd seo. Airson bhidio mu na kohanga reo faic gu h-&amp;#xEC;osal.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div id="idm34775792" class="oucontent-media oucontent-unstableid oucontent-media-mini"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-embedtemplate"&gt;&lt;iframe type="text/html" width="425" height="344" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/WG2Abfglzq4?&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;fs=1&amp;amp;rel=0" frameborder="0"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-interaction-print"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-interaction-unavailable"&gt;Interactive feature not available in single page view (&lt;a class="oucontent-crossref" href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-4.4.1#idm34775792"&gt;see it in standard view&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Airson fiosrachadh mun ch&amp;#xE0;nan Maori san fharsaingeachd, tadhail air &lt;span class="oucontent-linkwithtip"&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.maorilanguage.info/mao_lang_faq.html"&gt;&amp;#x2018;He Korero mo Te reo Maori’&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-4.4.1</guid>
    <dc:title>4.4.1 Te Reo Maori</dc:title><dc:identifier>Gaidhlig_1</dc:identifier><dc:description>&lt;p&gt;Anns a’ chuid mhòr den t-saoghal tha dà-chànanas (no fiù ’s ioma-chànanas) cumanta. Tha mion-chànanan coltach ris a’ Ghàidhlig anns a’ mhòr-chuid a dhùthchannan, leis an aon seòrsa dhuilgheadasan agus dhùrachdan. Tha luchd-labhairt nan cànan sin a’ fàs nas mothachaile air a sin agus air na dh’fhaodas iad ionnsachadh o chèile.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Aig co-labhairt a chuir Comhairle na Gàidhealtachd air chois ann an 2005, dh’innis Tipene Chrisp, Manaidsear Poileasaidh ann am Ministrealachd Leasachadh Maori aig Riaghaltas Shealain Nuaidh mu shuidheachadh Maori aig an àm sin.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-quote oucontent-s-box"&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;‘By the late 1970s, it was predicted that the Maori language would be dead by 2010. This dire prediction sparked significant action to revitalise Maori in the early 1980s.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;There was some recognition of the importance of home and community in this early phase. However, this recognition was quickly overtaken by our emphasis on formal education and broadcasting as the primary means for language revitalisation. It wasn’t until the Maori Language Conference of 1995 that home and community language development returned to the agenda.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The renewed emphasis on home and community language development was based on Fishman’s focus on intergenerational language transmission. We absorbed this theoretical approach over time and were inspired by it. It has been adopted as the central platform of our strategy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We realised quite early that Government cannot directly influence intergenerational language transmission. We can only take indirect measures that support the creation of an environment that is conducive to intergenerational language transmission in homes and communities. Our research indicated that there were three broad instruments for providing this indirect support:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul class="oucontent-bulleted"&gt;&lt;li&gt;Incentives (mainly indirect, such as preferential access to particular schools)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;information (originally text-based for reasons of cost but now involving a range of media, including storylines in TV soaps)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;advice (delivered mainly through language planning at the community level and a system of family language mentors on the home front).’&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha luchd-brosnachaidh cànan nam Maori den bheachd gu bheil an teaghlach agus a’ choimhearsnachd sònraichte cudromach ma tha a’ chànan dol a thighinn beò agus mar sin ’s e suidheachadh far a bheil i ga toirt le aon ghinealach dhan ath ghinealach a’ phrìomh amas aca. Tha àite cudromach air a bhith aig na &lt;i&gt;kohanga reo&lt;/i&gt;, no na ‘neadan cànain’, a tha toirt seachad tràth-fhoghlam ann am Maori, anns an ro-innleachd seo. Airson bhidio mu na kohanga reo faic gu h-ìosal.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div id="idm34775792" class="oucontent-media oucontent-unstableid oucontent-media-mini"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-embedtemplate"&gt;&lt;iframe type="text/html" width="425" height="344" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/WG2Abfglzq4?&amp;hl=en&amp;fs=1&amp;rel=0" frameborder="0"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-interaction-print"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-interaction-unavailable"&gt;Interactive feature not available in single page view (&lt;a class="oucontent-crossref" href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-4.4.1#idm34775792"&gt;see it in standard view&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Airson fiosrachadh mun chànan Maori san fharsaingeachd, tadhail air &lt;span class="oucontent-linkwithtip"&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.maorilanguage.info/mao_lang_faq.html"&gt;‘He Korero mo Te reo Maori’&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</dc:description><dc:publisher>The Open University</dc:publisher><dc:creator>The Open University</dc:creator><dc:type>Course</dc:type><dc:format>text/html</dc:format><dc:language>en-GB</dc:language><dc:source>Cànan nan Gàidheal - Gaidhlig_1</dc:source><cc:license>Copyright © 2016 The Open University</cc:license></item>
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      <title>4.4.2 B&amp;#xE0;rd d&amp;#xE0;-ch&amp;#xE0;nanach</title>
      <link>https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-4.4.2</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;Ged nach eil Aonghas MacNeacail a’ cleachdadh ach an riochd G&amp;#xE0;idhlig de ainm, tha e cli&amp;#xF9;iteach airson a bh&amp;#xE0;rdachd san d&amp;#xE0; ch&amp;#xE0;nan.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha grunn luchd-naidheachd, actaran agus craoladairean a’ d&amp;#xE8;anamh an aon rud, rud a tha a’ toirt dhaibh barrachd chothroman cosnaidh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure oucontent-media-mini"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/1963d537/gaelic_1_fig037.jpg" alt="" width="150" height="173" style="max-width:150px;" class="oucontent-figure-image"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 30 Aonghas MacNeacail&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Seo an d&amp;#xE0;n aig Aonghas air Marilyn Monroe, san d&amp;#xE0; ch&amp;#xE0;nan. Gheibhear l&amp;#xE0;rach-l&amp;#xEC;n Aonghais aig: &lt;span class="oucontent-linkwithtip"&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.aonghasmacneacail.co.uk/cv.htm"&gt;www.aonghasmacneacail.co.uk/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;cv.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table oucontent-s-normal oucontent-s-box"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h3 oucontent-heading oucontent-nonumber"&gt;Marilyn Monroe le Aonghas Macneacail&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table-wrapper"&gt;&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#xF2;r 'na do ghruaig&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;gold in your hair&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#xF2;r ann an &amp;#xEC;nean do chas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;gold in the nails on your feet&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#xF2;r ann an ruisg chadalach do sh&amp;#xF9;ilean be&amp;#xF2;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;gold in the sleepy lids of your living eyes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#xF2;r 'na do ghruaidhean, 'nam fathann athaidh&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;gold in your cheeks, in their rumour of a blush&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#xF2;r ruadh do bhilean&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;red gold of your lips&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#xF2;r sa ghualainn mh&amp;#xEC;n &amp;#xE0;rd a' fasgadh do smig&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;gold in the raised shoulder that shelters your chin&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#xF2;r anns a' bhroilleach ghealltanachd&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;gold in your breasts, their promise&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;paisgte 'na bhad&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;enfolded in wisps&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#xF2;r 'na do chneas seang, air miadan do chruachan&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;gold in your slender waist, on the meadows of your hip&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ann an l&amp;#xF9;b nan sliasaid is&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;in the curve of thigh and&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;air gl&amp;#xF9;in nan d&amp;#xEC;omhaireachd&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;on your knee of mysteries&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;rinn d' adhbrainn &amp;#xF2;rach&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;your golden ankle gave&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;dannsa caol&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;slim dances&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;do gach s&amp;#xF9;il a shealladh&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;that any eye could see&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;airgead-be&amp;#xF2; 'na do chuislean&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;quicksilver in your veins&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;airgead-be&amp;#xF2; 'na do chridhe&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;quicksilver in your heart&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;airgead-be&amp;#xF2; gu na h-iomaill&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;quicksilver to every corner&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;dhe d' anam&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;of your soul&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;agus d' osnadh, do gh&amp;#xE0;ire&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;and your sighs, your laugh&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;do ghuth-seinn, do ghuth-labhairt&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;your singing, your speech&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;mar bhraoin de dh'&amp;#xF2;r&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;like a mist of gold&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;agus do gach fear a ch&amp;#xF9;m&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;and to every man who kept you&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;air lios leaghteach nan dealbh thu&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;on the screen's dissolving field&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#xF2;r, o&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;gold, from&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;bh&amp;#xE0;rr calgach do chlaiginn gu&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;the maned top of your skull&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;buinn r&amp;#xF9;isgte do chas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to the bare soles of your feet&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#xF2;r, &amp;#xF2;r, &amp;#xF2;r,&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;gold, gold, gold,&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;be&amp;#xF2; no marbh&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;alive or dead&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;their cuid nach robh thu cho c&amp;#xF9;bhraidh&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;some say you weren't so fragrant&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'s iad a' deothal an t-s&amp;#xF9;igh&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;as they suck the substance&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#xE0; sp&amp;#xF2;ran suilt &amp;#xF2;rach do bh&amp;#xE8;in&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;from the fertile purse of your skin&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#xF2;r, &amp;#xF2;r , &amp;#xF2;r&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;gold, gold, gold&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-4.4.2</guid>
    <dc:title>4.4.2 Bàrd dà-chànanach</dc:title><dc:identifier>Gaidhlig_1</dc:identifier><dc:description>&lt;p&gt;Ged nach eil Aonghas MacNeacail a’ cleachdadh ach an riochd Gàidhlig de ainm, tha e cliùiteach airson a bhàrdachd san dà chànan.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha grunn luchd-naidheachd, actaran agus craoladairean a’ dèanamh an aon rud, rud a tha a’ toirt dhaibh barrachd chothroman cosnaidh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure oucontent-media-mini"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/1963d537/gaelic_1_fig037.jpg" alt="" width="150" height="173" style="max-width:150px;" class="oucontent-figure-image"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 30 Aonghas MacNeacail&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Seo an dàn aig Aonghas air Marilyn Monroe, san dà chànan. Gheibhear làrach-lìn Aonghais aig: &lt;span class="oucontent-linkwithtip"&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.aonghasmacneacail.co.uk/cv.htm"&gt;www.aonghasmacneacail.co.uk/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;cv.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table oucontent-s-normal oucontent-s-box"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h3 oucontent-heading oucontent-nonumber"&gt;Marilyn Monroe le Aonghas Macneacail&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table-wrapper"&gt;&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;òr 'na do ghruaig&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;gold in your hair&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;òr ann an ìnean do chas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;gold in the nails on your feet&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;òr ann an ruisg chadalach do shùilean beò&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;gold in the sleepy lids of your living eyes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;òr 'na do ghruaidhean, 'nam fathann athaidh&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;gold in your cheeks, in their rumour of a blush&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;òr ruadh do bhilean&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;red gold of your lips&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;òr sa ghualainn mhìn àrd a' fasgadh do smig&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;gold in the raised shoulder that shelters your chin&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;òr anns a' bhroilleach ghealltanachd&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;gold in your breasts, their promise&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;paisgte 'na bhad&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;enfolded in wisps&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;òr 'na do chneas seang, air miadan do chruachan&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;gold in your slender waist, on the meadows of your hip&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;ann an lùb nan sliasaid is&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;in the curve of thigh and&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;air glùin nan dìomhaireachd&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;on your knee of mysteries&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;rinn d' adhbrainn òrach&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;your golden ankle gave&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;dannsa caol&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;slim dances&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;do gach sùil a shealladh&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;that any eye could see&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;airgead-beò 'na do chuislean&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;quicksilver in your veins&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;airgead-beò 'na do chridhe&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;quicksilver in your heart&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;airgead-beò gu na h-iomaill&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;quicksilver to every corner&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;dhe d' anam&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;of your soul&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;agus d' osnadh, do ghàire&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;and your sighs, your laugh&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;do ghuth-seinn, do ghuth-labhairt&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;your singing, your speech&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;mar bhraoin de dh'òr&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;like a mist of gold&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;agus do gach fear a chùm&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;and to every man who kept you&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;air lios leaghteach nan dealbh thu&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;on the screen's dissolving field&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;òr, o&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;gold, from&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;bhàrr calgach do chlaiginn gu&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;the maned top of your skull&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;buinn rùisgte do chas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to the bare soles of your feet&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;òr, òr, òr,&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;gold, gold, gold,&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;beò no marbh&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;alive or dead&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;their cuid nach robh thu cho cùbhraidh&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;some say you weren't so fragrant&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;'s iad a' deothal an t-sùigh&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;as they suck the substance&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;à spòran suilt òrach do bhèin&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;from the fertile purse of your skin&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;òr, òr , òr&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;gold, gold, gold&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</dc:description><dc:publisher>The Open University</dc:publisher><dc:creator>The Open University</dc:creator><dc:type>Course</dc:type><dc:format>text/html</dc:format><dc:language>en-GB</dc:language><dc:source>Cànan nan Gàidheal - Gaidhlig_1</dc:source><cc:license>Copyright © 2016 The Open University</cc:license></item>
    <item>
      <title>5.1 Mar a chanas mi</title>
      <link>https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-5.1</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;Seo abairtean cumanta sa Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig, &amp;#xC8;ist riutha le cliogadh air an t-samhla, agus an uair sin feuch rin cantainn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-box oucontent-s-heavybox1 oucontent-s-box &amp;#10;        oucontent-s-noheading&amp;#10;      "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ciamar a tha thu?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div id="idm17008448" class="oucontent-media oucontent-audio-video oucontent-unstableid" style="width:342px;"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-default-filter"&gt;&lt;span class="oumediafilter"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/3452604f/ciamar-a_tha_thu.mp3?forcedownload=1" class="oumedialinknoscript omp-spacer"&gt;Download this audio clip.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="accesshide"&gt;Audio player: ciamar-a_tha_thu.mp3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="#" class="omp-enter-media omp-accesshide" tabindex="-1"&gt;
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    <dc:title>5.1 Mar a chanas mi</dc:title><dc:identifier>Gaidhlig_1</dc:identifier><dc:description>&lt;p&gt;Seo abairtean cumanta sa Ghàidhlig, Èist riutha le cliogadh air an t-samhla, agus an uair sin feuch rin cantainn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-box oucontent-s-heavybox1 oucontent-s-box 
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    <item>
      <title>5.2.1 Gr&amp;#xE0;mar na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig, blasad</title>
      <link>https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-5.2.1</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;Tha a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig na p&amp;#xE0;irt den teaghlach ch&amp;#xE0;nanan Indo-E&amp;#xF2;rpach agus mar sin tha c&amp;#xE0;irdeas fad-&amp;#xE0;s aice ri c&amp;#xE0;nanan mar Beurla agus Fraingis, mar a tha ainmean nan &amp;#xE0;ireamhan 1-3 a’ sealltainn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div id="idm45712112" class="oucontent-media oucontent-audio-video oucontent-unstableid" style="width:342px;"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-default-filter"&gt;&lt;span class="oumediafilter"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/67257f77/aon.mp3?forcedownload=1" class="oumedialinknoscript omp-spacer"&gt;Download this audio clip.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="accesshide"&gt;Audio player: aon.mp3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="#" class="omp-enter-media omp-accesshide" tabindex="-1"&gt;
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&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-media-download"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/b4cdd381/tri.mp3?forcedownload=1" title="Download this audio clip"&gt;Download&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber oucontent-caption-placeholder"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-interaction-print"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-interaction-unavailable"&gt;Interactive feature not available in single page view (&lt;a class="oucontent-crossref" href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-5.2.1#idm45708752"&gt;see it in standard view&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table oucontent-s-normal oucontent-s-box"&gt;&lt;h3 class="oucontent-h3 oucontent-heading oucontent-nonumber"&gt;Clàr 8&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table-wrapper"&gt;&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td/&gt;&lt;td&gt;Gàidhlig&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Eadailtis&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Fraingis&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Dànais&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Beurla&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;aon&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;uno&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;un&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;een&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;one&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;dà&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;due&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;deux&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;to&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;two&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;3&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;trì&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tre&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;trois&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;tre&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;three&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha an càirdeas seo a’ ciallachadh gu bheil gràmar na Gàidhlig coltach ri gràmar nan cànanan eile sin ann an cuid a dhòighean ach eadar-dhealaichte bhuapa ann an dòighean eile. Mar eisimpleir, tha am buadhair mar as trice às dèidh an ainmeir sa Ghàidhlig – mar a tha ann am Fraingis – ach tha e an rathad eile sa Bheurla. Sin as coireach gu bheil an cuideam air an lide mu dheireadh ann an ainmean-àite mar ‘Glenmore’ – ‘An Gleann Mòr’.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div id="idm28328656" class="oucontent-media oucontent-audio-video oucontent-unstableid" style="width:342px;"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-default-filter"&gt;&lt;span class="oumediafilter"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/e1f1198c/gleann_mor.mp3?forcedownload=1" class="oumedialinknoscript omp-spacer"&gt;Download this audio clip.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="accesshide"&gt;Audio player: gleann_mor.mp3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="#" class="omp-enter-media omp-accesshide" tabindex="-1"&gt;
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    <item>
      <title>5.2.2 Fuaimean agus litrichean</title>
      <link>https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-5.2.2</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;Faodaidh fuaimreagan a bhith goirid no fada sa Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig. Tha sr&amp;#xE0;c air an fheadhainn fhada, me:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul class="oucontent-bulleted"&gt;&lt;li&gt;bata&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div id="idm15807312" class="oucontent-media oucontent-audio-video oucontent-unstableid" style="width:342px;"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-default-filter"&gt;&lt;span class="oumediafilter"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/f824e848/bata_1.mp3?forcedownload=1" class="oumedialinknoscript omp-spacer"&gt;Download this audio clip.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="accesshide"&gt;Audio player: bata_1.mp3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="#" class="omp-enter-media omp-accesshide" tabindex="-1"&gt;
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&gt;
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    <item>
      <title>5.3.1 A&amp;#x2019; cruthachadh briathrachas: iomairtean</title>
      <link>https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-5.3.1</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;Cha robh a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig air a cleachdadh m&amp;#xF2;ran ron a seo ann an suidhichidhean mar foghlam no na naidheachdan agus air sg&amp;#xE0;th sin tha a’ ch&amp;#xE0;nan gann de fhaclan airson cuspairean mar saidheans no an eaconamaidh: gu seo cha robh feum orra.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Anns an fhichead bliadhna mu dheireadh, ge-t&amp;#xE0;, th&amp;#xF2;isich a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig a bhith ga cleachdadh t&amp;#xF2;rr a bharrachd airson a leithid sin agus mar sin bha feum air faclan &amp;#xF9;ra agus d&amp;#xF2;ighean-labhairt &amp;#xF9;ra ann an cabhaig.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Nuair a th&amp;#xF2;isich foghlam tro mheadhan na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig ann an 1985, mar eisimpleir, thug na h-&amp;#xF9;ghdarrasan ionadail c&amp;#xF2;mhla e&amp;#xF2;laichean c&amp;#xE0;nain agus foghlaim a dh’aontaich air liosta, &amp;#x2018;&lt;i&gt;Faclan &amp;#xD9;ra G&amp;#xE0;idhlig&lt;/i&gt;’, de na faclan a bha gu bhith air an cleachdadh anns na sgoiltean agus ann an stuth-teagaisg airson diofar chuspairean sgoile.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:350px;"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/8f9bbefc/gaelic_1_fig059.jpg" alt="" width="350" height="307" style="max-width:350px;" class="oucontent-figure-image"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha an liosta air a bhith air a bhith air &amp;#xF9;rachadh grunn thursan on uair sin agus tha a-nise an obair air a gabhail thairis le buidheann &amp;#xF9;r, &lt;span class="oucontent-linkwithtip"&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.anseotal.org.uk"&gt;An Seotal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h3 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Rianachd&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dh’fhoillsich A’ Ph&amp;#xE0;rlamaid Albannach &lt;i&gt;Faclair na P&amp;#xE0;rlamaid&lt;/i&gt;, liosta fhaclan airson an cleachdadh ann an obair an riaghaltais, ann an 2001.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha liosta den aon se&amp;#xF2;rsa de fhaclan airson obair riaghaltais ionadail air a dheasachadh le The European Language Initiative (TELI) agus tha e ri fhaotainn an &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.cne-siar.gov.uk/gaelic/dictionary.asp"&gt;seo&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gabhaidh copaidhean de Fhaclair na P&amp;#xE0;rlamaid an &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/129226/0055783.pdf"&gt;seo&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:450px;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;amp;extra=thumbnailfigure_idm5375536" title="View larger image"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/5e1b334b/gaelic_1_fig051.small.jpg" alt="" style="max-width:450px;" class="oucontent-figure-image oucontent-media-wide"/&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-thumbnaillink"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;amp;extra=thumbnailfigure_idm5375536"&gt;View larger image&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 31 Togalach P&amp;#xE0;rlamaid na h-Alba&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a id="back_thumbnailfigure_idm5375536"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h3 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Na Naidheachdan&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S e am BBC as motha a tha a’ cruthachadh agus a’ cleachdadh de fhaclan &amp;#xF9;ra G&amp;#xE0;idhlig, nan obair-naidheachd air r&amp;#xE8;idio, telebhisean agus an eadar-l&amp;#xEC;on. Chan eil liosta sl&amp;#xE0;n ann de na faclan sin ach tha liosta goirid air a bheil &amp;#x2018;Facail Fheumail’ ri fhaighinn an &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/alba/naidheachdan/facail"&gt;seo&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h3 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Co-dh&amp;#xF9;nadh&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha oidhirpean ga dh&amp;#xE8;anamh aig an &amp;#xE0;m seo gus na diofar iomairtean agus liostaichean fhaclan seo a tharraing ri ch&amp;#xE8;ile agus tha d&amp;#xF2;chas ann gun &amp;#xE8;irich Acadamaidh Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig &amp;#xE0;s an obair s&amp;#xEC;n thairis air an ath bheagan bhliadhnaichean. Airson tuilleadh fiosrachaidh cliog an &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.gaidhlig.org.uk/en/our-work/gaelic-language-academy.htm"&gt;seo&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-5.3.1</guid>
    <dc:title>5.3.1 A’ cruthachadh briathrachas: iomairtean</dc:title><dc:identifier>Gaidhlig_1</dc:identifier><dc:description>&lt;p&gt;Cha robh a’ Ghàidhlig air a cleachdadh mòran ron a seo ann an suidhichidhean mar foghlam no na naidheachdan agus air sgàth sin tha a’ chànan gann de fhaclan airson cuspairean mar saidheans no an eaconamaidh: gu seo cha robh feum orra.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Anns an fhichead bliadhna mu dheireadh, ge-tà, thòisich a’ Ghàidhlig a bhith ga cleachdadh tòrr a bharrachd airson a leithid sin agus mar sin bha feum air faclan ùra agus dòighean-labhairt ùra ann an cabhaig.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Nuair a thòisich foghlam tro mheadhan na Gàidhlig ann an 1985, mar eisimpleir, thug na h-ùghdarrasan ionadail còmhla eòlaichean cànain agus foghlaim a dh’aontaich air liosta, ‘&lt;i&gt;Faclan Ùra Gàidhlig&lt;/i&gt;’, de na faclan a bha gu bhith air an cleachdadh anns na sgoiltean agus ann an stuth-teagaisg airson diofar chuspairean sgoile.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:350px;"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/8f9bbefc/gaelic_1_fig059.jpg" alt="" width="350" height="307" style="max-width:350px;" class="oucontent-figure-image"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha an liosta air a bhith air a bhith air ùrachadh grunn thursan on uair sin agus tha a-nise an obair air a gabhail thairis le buidheann ùr, &lt;span class="oucontent-linkwithtip"&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.anseotal.org.uk"&gt;An Seotal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h3 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Rianachd&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dh’fhoillsich A’ Phàrlamaid Albannach &lt;i&gt;Faclair na Pàrlamaid&lt;/i&gt;, liosta fhaclan airson an cleachdadh ann an obair an riaghaltais, ann an 2001.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha liosta den aon seòrsa de fhaclan airson obair riaghaltais ionadail air a dheasachadh le The European Language Initiative (TELI) agus tha e ri fhaotainn an &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.cne-siar.gov.uk/gaelic/dictionary.asp"&gt;seo&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gabhaidh copaidhean de Fhaclair na Pàrlamaid an &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/129226/0055783.pdf"&gt;seo&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:450px;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;extra=thumbnailfigure_idm5375536" title="View larger image"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/5e1b334b/gaelic_1_fig051.small.jpg" alt="" style="max-width:450px;" class="oucontent-figure-image oucontent-media-wide"/&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-thumbnaillink"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;extra=thumbnailfigure_idm5375536"&gt;View larger image&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 31 Togalach Pàrlamaid na h-Alba&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a id="back_thumbnailfigure_idm5375536"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h3 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Na Naidheachdan&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S e am BBC as motha a tha a’ cruthachadh agus a’ cleachdadh de fhaclan ùra Gàidhlig, nan obair-naidheachd air rèidio, telebhisean agus an eadar-lìon. Chan eil liosta slàn ann de na faclan sin ach tha liosta goirid air a bheil ‘Facail Fheumail’ ri fhaighinn an &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/alba/naidheachdan/facail"&gt;seo&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h3 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Co-dhùnadh&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha oidhirpean ga dhèanamh aig an àm seo gus na diofar iomairtean agus liostaichean fhaclan seo a tharraing ri chèile agus tha dòchas ann gun èirich Acadamaidh Ghàidhlig às an obair sìn thairis air an ath bheagan bhliadhnaichean. Airson tuilleadh fiosrachaidh cliog an &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.gaidhlig.org.uk/en/our-work/gaelic-language-academy.htm"&gt;seo&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</dc:description><dc:publisher>The Open University</dc:publisher><dc:creator>The Open University</dc:creator><dc:type>Course</dc:type><dc:format>text/html</dc:format><dc:language>en-GB</dc:language><dc:source>Cànan nan Gàidheal - Gaidhlig_1</dc:source><cc:license>Copyright © 2016 The Open University</cc:license></item>
    <item>
      <title>5.3.2 A&amp;#x2019; cruthachadh briathrachas: prionnsabail</title>
      <link>https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-5.3.2</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;Tha na c&amp;#xF2;ig eisimpleirean seo a’ sealltainn nan diofar dh&amp;#xF2;ighean a tha air an cleachdadh sa Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig airson faclan &amp;#xF9;ra a dh&amp;#xE8;anamh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table oucontent-s-normal oucontent-s-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table-wrapper"&gt;&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Beurla&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;G&amp;#xE0;idhlig&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;T&amp;#xF9;s/D&amp;#xF2;igh-obrach&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Triangle&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;triantan&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Seann fhacal G&amp;#xE0;idhlig - &amp;#x2018;&lt;i&gt;trian&lt;/i&gt;’ – air a chleachdadh ann an d&amp;#xF2;igh &amp;#xF9;r.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Geography&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;cruinn-e&amp;#xF2;las&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Na faclan G&amp;#xE0;idhlig &amp;#x2018;&lt;i&gt;cruinne&lt;/i&gt;’ (saoghal) agus &amp;#x2018;&lt;i&gt;e&amp;#xF2;las&lt;/i&gt;’ air an cur c&amp;#xF2;mhla gus facal &amp;#xF9;r a dh&amp;#xE8;anamh: eisimpleir de bhun-bheachd air a &amp;#x2018;mh&amp;#xEC;neachadh’ sa Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;television&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;telebhisean&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Tha m&amp;#xF2;ran fhaclan G&amp;#xE0;idhlig a’ tighinn o Laideann no Gr&amp;#xE8;igis, mar as trice tron Bheurla. ’S e faclan eadar-n&amp;#xE0;iseanta a tha ann an t&amp;#xF2;rr dhiubh a gheibhear ann an grunn ch&amp;#xE0;nanan.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;rectangle&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ceart-che&amp;#xE0;rnach&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#x2018;&lt;i&gt;Ceart&lt;/i&gt;’ agus &amp;#x2018;&lt;i&gt;ce&amp;#xE0;rn&lt;/i&gt;’ air an cur c&amp;#xF2;mhla mar eadar-theangachadh de &amp;#x2018;rectangle’. Canar &amp;#x2018;loan translation’ ri seo sa Bheurla. Tha br&amp;#xEC;gh an fhacail nas soilleire, ’s d&amp;#xF2;cha, on a tha e air a chur ri ch&amp;#xE8;ile le faclan G&amp;#xE0;idhlig seach Laideann.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;credit crunch&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;staing creideis&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#x2018;&lt;i&gt;Staing&lt;/i&gt;’ + &amp;#x2018;&lt;i&gt;creideas&lt;/i&gt;’. Tha br&amp;#xEC;gh &amp;#x2018;&lt;i&gt;creideas&lt;/i&gt;’ (rud a tha thu a’ creidsinn) air atharrachadh gu bhith co-ionnan ri &amp;#x2018;credit’ (airgead): canar &amp;#x2018;loan shift’ ri seo.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-box oucontent-s-heavybox1 oucontent-s-box &amp;#10;        oucontent-s-noheading&amp;#10;      "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;p&gt;triantan&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div id="idm24201936" class="oucontent-media oucontent-audio-video oucontent-unstableid" style="width:342px;"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-default-filter"&gt;&lt;span class="oumediafilter"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/1ae30886/triantan.mp3?forcedownload=1" class="oumedialinknoscript omp-spacer"&gt;Download this audio clip.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="accesshide"&gt;Audio player: triantan.mp3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="#" class="omp-enter-media omp-accesshide" tabindex="-1"&gt;
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    <dc:title>5.3.2 A’ cruthachadh briathrachas: prionnsabail</dc:title><dc:identifier>Gaidhlig_1</dc:identifier><dc:description>&lt;p&gt;Tha na còig eisimpleirean seo a’ sealltainn nan diofar dhòighean a tha air an cleachdadh sa Ghàidhlig airson faclan ùra a dhèanamh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table oucontent-s-normal oucontent-s-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table-wrapper"&gt;&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Beurla&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Gàidhlig&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Tùs/Dòigh-obrach&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Triangle&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;triantan&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Seann fhacal Gàidhlig - ‘&lt;i&gt;trian&lt;/i&gt;’ – air a chleachdadh ann an dòigh ùr.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Geography&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;cruinn-eòlas&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Na faclan Gàidhlig ‘&lt;i&gt;cruinne&lt;/i&gt;’ (saoghal) agus ‘&lt;i&gt;eòlas&lt;/i&gt;’ air an cur còmhla gus facal ùr a dhèanamh: eisimpleir de bhun-bheachd air a ‘mhìneachadh’ sa Ghàidhlig.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;television&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;telebhisean&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Tha mòran fhaclan Gàidhlig a’ tighinn o Laideann no Grèigis, mar as trice tron Bheurla. ’S e faclan eadar-nàiseanta a tha ann an tòrr dhiubh a gheibhear ann an grunn chànanan.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;rectangle&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;ceart-cheàrnach&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;‘&lt;i&gt;Ceart&lt;/i&gt;’ agus ‘&lt;i&gt;ceàrn&lt;/i&gt;’ air an cur còmhla mar eadar-theangachadh de ‘rectangle’. Canar ‘loan translation’ ri seo sa Bheurla. Tha brìgh an fhacail nas soilleire, ’s dòcha, on a tha e air a chur ri chèile le faclan Gàidhlig seach Laideann.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;credit crunch&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;staing creideis&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;‘&lt;i&gt;Staing&lt;/i&gt;’ + ‘&lt;i&gt;creideas&lt;/i&gt;’. Tha brìgh ‘&lt;i&gt;creideas&lt;/i&gt;’ (rud a tha thu a’ creidsinn) air atharrachadh gu bhith co-ionnan ri ‘credit’ (airgead): canar ‘loan shift’ ri seo.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-box oucontent-s-heavybox1 oucontent-s-box 
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    <item>
      <title>5.3.3 Faclan-iasaid Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig sa Bheurla</title>
      <link>https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-5.3.3</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;Tha a h-uile c&amp;#xE0;nan a’ gabhail a-steach faclan &amp;#xE0; c&amp;#xE0;nanan eile. Tha t&amp;#xF2;rr fhaclan sa Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig a th&amp;#xE0;inig on Bheurla ach tha beagan ann a chaidh an rathad eile. Seo cuid aca. Tha an fheadhainn seo a’ buntainn ri cruth na t&amp;#xEC;re ann an Alba:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul class="oucontent-bulleted"&gt;&lt;li&gt;ben (&lt;i&gt;beinn&lt;/i&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;brae (&lt;i&gt;br&amp;#xE0;igh&lt;/i&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;corry (&lt;i&gt;coire&lt;/i&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;glen (&lt;i&gt;gleann&lt;/i&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;loch (&lt;i&gt;loch&lt;/i&gt;).&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;Seo faclan a’ buntainn ri cultar na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul class="oucontent-bulleted"&gt;&lt;li&gt;caber (bho &amp;#x2018;&lt;i&gt;cabar&lt;/i&gt;’).&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;ceilidh&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;clan (bho &amp;#x2018;&lt;i&gt;clann&lt;/i&gt;’)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;galore (&amp;#x2018;&lt;i&gt;gu le&amp;#xF2;r&lt;/i&gt;’)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;slogan (bho &amp;#x2018;&lt;i&gt;sluagh-ghairm&lt;/i&gt;’)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;sporran (&lt;i&gt;sporan&lt;/i&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;whisky (bho &amp;#x2018;&lt;i&gt;uisge-beatha&lt;/i&gt;’)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bidh na h-eisimpleirean seo air an toirt seachad uaireannan ach chan eil e idir cinnteach gur ann on Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig a th&amp;#xE0;inig iad:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul class="oucontent-bulleted"&gt;&lt;li&gt;grotty (bho &amp;#x2018;&lt;i&gt;grod&lt;/i&gt;’)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;smashing (bho &lt;i&gt;’S math sin&lt;/i&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;shoot (bho &lt;i&gt;siuthad&lt;/i&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;twig (bho &lt;i&gt;tuig&lt;/i&gt;)!&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;</description>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-5.3.3</guid>
    <dc:title>5.3.3 Faclan-iasaid Ghàidhlig sa Bheurla</dc:title><dc:identifier>Gaidhlig_1</dc:identifier><dc:description>&lt;p&gt;Tha a h-uile cànan a’ gabhail a-steach faclan à cànanan eile. Tha tòrr fhaclan sa Ghàidhlig a thàinig on Bheurla ach tha beagan ann a chaidh an rathad eile. Seo cuid aca. Tha an fheadhainn seo a’ buntainn ri cruth na tìre ann an Alba:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul class="oucontent-bulleted"&gt;&lt;li&gt;ben (&lt;i&gt;beinn&lt;/i&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;brae (&lt;i&gt;bràigh&lt;/i&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;corry (&lt;i&gt;coire&lt;/i&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;glen (&lt;i&gt;gleann&lt;/i&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;loch (&lt;i&gt;loch&lt;/i&gt;).&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;Seo faclan a’ buntainn ri cultar na Gàidhlig:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul class="oucontent-bulleted"&gt;&lt;li&gt;caber (bho ‘&lt;i&gt;cabar&lt;/i&gt;’).&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;ceilidh&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;clan (bho ‘&lt;i&gt;clann&lt;/i&gt;’)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;galore (‘&lt;i&gt;gu leòr&lt;/i&gt;’)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;slogan (bho ‘&lt;i&gt;sluagh-ghairm&lt;/i&gt;’)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;sporran (&lt;i&gt;sporan&lt;/i&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;whisky (bho ‘&lt;i&gt;uisge-beatha&lt;/i&gt;’)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bidh na h-eisimpleirean seo air an toirt seachad uaireannan ach chan eil e idir cinnteach gur ann on Ghàidhlig a thàinig iad:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul class="oucontent-bulleted"&gt;&lt;li&gt;grotty (bho ‘&lt;i&gt;grod&lt;/i&gt;’)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;smashing (bho &lt;i&gt;’S math sin&lt;/i&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;shoot (bho &lt;i&gt;siuthad&lt;/i&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;twig (bho &lt;i&gt;tuig&lt;/i&gt;)!&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;</dc:description><dc:publisher>The Open University</dc:publisher><dc:creator>The Open University</dc:creator><dc:type>Course</dc:type><dc:format>text/html</dc:format><dc:language>en-GB</dc:language><dc:source>Cànan nan Gàidheal - Gaidhlig_1</dc:source><cc:license>Copyright © 2016 The Open University</cc:license></item>
    <item>
      <title>5.4 Ag ionnsachadh na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig</title>
      <link>https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-5.4</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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    <dc:title>5.4 Ag ionnsachadh na Gàidhlig</dc:title><dc:identifier>Gaidhlig_1</dc:identifier><dc:description>&lt;div id="idm48744416" class="oucontent-media oucontent-audio-video oucontent-unstableid" style="width:400px;"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-default-filter "&gt;&lt;span class="oumediafilter"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/9abb3600/cuairt_blog1.mp4?forcedownload=1" class="oumedialinknoscript omp-spacer"&gt;Download this video clip.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="accesshide"&gt;Video player: Inbhich a tha ag ionnsachadh Gàidhlig ag innse Carson&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="#" class="omp-enter-media omp-accesshide" tabindex="-1"&gt;
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    <item>
      <title>5.4.1 Inbhich</title>
      <link>https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-5.4.1</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;’S e bhith ga togail san dachaigh agus ga cleachdadh sa choimhearsnachd an d&amp;#xF2;igh as cumanta, agus as fhe&amp;#xE0;rr, air c&amp;#xE0;nan ionnsachadh. Tha seo a’ tachairt fhathast leis a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig ach chan eil uimhir is a bha uaireigin.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha na d&amp;#xF2;ighean eile air c&amp;#xE0;nanan ionnsachadh de dh&amp;#xE0; she&amp;#xF2;rsa:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul class="oucontent-bulleted"&gt;&lt;li&gt;ionnsachadh, mar as trice ann an &amp;#xE0;rd-sgoil no sgoil-oidhche, far a bheil an cuideam air cruth a’ ch&amp;#xE0;nain, i.e. air gr&amp;#xE0;mar&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;ionnsachadh sa bheil an cuideam air br&amp;#xEC;gh, no co-luadar, i.e. far a bheil an luchd-ionnsachaidh a’ togail a’ ch&amp;#xE0;nain tro bhith ga cleachdadh, mar eisimpleir ann am foghlam-bogaidh leithid foghlam tro mheadhan na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha aonta ann gur e an dara d&amp;#xF2;igh dhiubh sin as fhe&amp;#xE0;rr, agus as luaithe, a bheir luchd-ionnsachaidh gu bhith comasach air conaltradh sa ch&amp;#xE0;nan – on a tha am &amp;#x2018;bogadh’ a’ cruthachadh iarrtas l&amp;#xE0;idir gus sin a dh&amp;#xE8;anamh – ach nach eil an-c&amp;#xF2;mhnaidh e&amp;#xF2;las math aca air a’ ghr&amp;#xE0;mar.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha an d&amp;#xF2;igh ionnsachaidh eile &amp;#xE8;ifeachdach cuideachd, gu h-&amp;#xE0;raidh le luchd-ionnsachaidh le alt airson c&amp;#xE0;nanan, ach tha e toirt nas fhaide tighinn gu fileantachd leis an d&amp;#xF2;igh sin – agus tha t&amp;#xF2;rr a’ f&amp;#xE0;gail mus ruig iad an &amp;#xEC;re sin.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S ann tro chlasaichean-oidhche, mu dh&amp;#xE0; uair a th&amp;#xEC;de a dh’fhaid agus a’ ruith fad seachdainean a’ gheamhraidh, as &amp;#xE0;bhaist inbhich t&amp;#xF2;iseachadh ag ionnsachadh na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig. Tha diofar dh&amp;#xF2;ighean-teagaisg ri fhaighinn sna clasaichean sin ach mar as trice tha an cuideam air &amp;#x2018;structar’ a’ ch&amp;#xE0;nain. Faodaidh iad a bhith st&amp;#xE8;idhte air leabhar no pr&amp;#xF2;gram telebhisein no, uaireannan, a bhith air an dealbh leis an neach-teagaisg fh&amp;#xE8;in a dh’aon ghnothaich airson nan oileanach aige.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha c&amp;#xF9;rsaichean goirid coltach ri sin ach gu bheil iad a’ tachairt thairis air seachdain no dh&amp;#xE0;, le clasaichean a’ dol fad an latha mar as trice: gl&amp;#xE8; thric bidh na h-oileanaich a’ fuireach c&amp;#xF2;mhla agus tha seo a’ toirt dhaibh cothrom a’ ch&amp;#xE0;nan a chleachdadh taobh a-muigh a’ chlas.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha cuideachd l&amp;#xE0;raich-l&amp;#xEC;n ann tro faod daoine a’ ch&amp;#xE0;nan ionnsachadh air-loidhne: gheibhear cunntasan orrasan san ath earrann.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S e d&amp;#xF2;igh mhath a tha ann an clasaichean-oidhche, c&amp;#xF9;rsaichean goirid agus c&amp;#xF9;rsaichean air-loidhne airson t&amp;#xF2;iseachadh ag ionnsachadh na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig on a tha iad a’ dol mar as trice aig astar cofhurtail, le t&amp;#xF2;rr taic agus gl&amp;#xE8; thric le cothrom ionnsachadh mu chultar na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig agus coinneachadh ri daoine &amp;#xF9;ra. Chan eil iad cho math, ge-t&amp;#xE0;, air luchd-ionnsachaidh a thoirt gu fileantachd ann an &amp;#xF9;ine ghoirid.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Airson inbhich aig a bheil greim mu thr&amp;#xE0;th air bunaitean a’ ch&amp;#xE0;nain, no a tha ag iarraidh ionnsachadh aig astar nas luaithe nan &amp;#xE0;bhaist, tha a’ ch&amp;#xF9;rsa &amp;#x2018;&amp;#xD9;lpan’ a tha air tighinn am b&amp;#xE0;rr o chionn greise a’ tabhann slighe eile gu fileantachd. Tha &amp;#xD9;lpan st&amp;#xE8;idhte air d&amp;#xF2;igh-teagaisg a th&amp;#xF2;isich ann an Israel le Eabhrais agus a chaidh a leasachadh sa Chuimrigh. Tha structar leantainneach air a’ ch&amp;#xF9;rsa agus tha an cuideam air c&amp;#xF2;mhradh. Tha 200 aonad sa ch&amp;#xF9;rsa, a dh’fhaodar a dh&amp;#xE8;anamh ann an diofar riochdan, mar eisimpleir d&amp;#xE0; thuras san t-seachdain thairis air 3 bliadhna no barrachd chlasaichean ann an &amp;#xF9;ine ghoirid, rud a leigeadh leis a’ ch&amp;#xF9;rsa a bhith d&amp;#xE8;ante an taobh a-staigh 10 seachdainean. Dh’fhaoidte cuideachd an d&amp;#xE0; dh&amp;#xF2;igh-obrach sin a chur c&amp;#xF2;mhla, leis an neach-ionnsachaidh a’ dol gu d&amp;#xE0; chlas san t-seachdain airson greis ach, o &amp;#xE0;m gu &amp;#xE0;m, a’ gabhail c&amp;#xF9;rsa dhian airson &amp;#xF9;ine ghoirid. ’S e amas &amp;#xD9;lpan an neach-ionnsachaidh a thoirt, ceum air cheum, gu bhith fileanta sa Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig aig cr&amp;#xEC;och na c&amp;#xF9;rsa.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gheibhear fiosrachadh mu na c&amp;#xF9;rsaichean seo, agus cunntas air d&amp;#xE8; tha dol na do sg&amp;#xEC;re-sa, o Chomunn an Luchd-Ionnsachaidh, &lt;span class="oucontent-linkwithtip"&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.cli.org.uk"&gt;Cl&amp;#xEC; G&amp;#xE0;idhlig&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha BBC Alba a’ ruith diofar l&amp;#xE0;rach-l&amp;#xEC;n do luchd-ionnsachaidh na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig aig diofar aoisean agus &amp;#xEC;rean. Gheibhear liosta an &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/alba/foghlam/learngaelic"&gt;seo&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:390px;"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/936d0f11/gaelic_1_fig112.jpg" alt="" width="390" height="95" style="max-width:390px;" class="oucontent-figure-image"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 32 Cuid de na l&amp;#xE0;raich airson luchd-ionnsachaidh a lorgar air l&amp;#xE0;rach-l&amp;#xEC;n BBC Alba - &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/colinandcumberland/"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Colin and Cumberland&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/alba/foghlam/airsplaoid/episodes/episodesindex.shtml"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Air Splaoid&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt; agus &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/alba/foghlam/dealas/"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Dealas&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha na goireasan a leanas do luchd-ionnsachaidh air l&amp;#xE0;rach-l&amp;#xEC;n Comhairle na G&amp;#xE0;idhealtachd:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul class="oucontent-bulleted"&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://ww2.highland.gov.uk/gaelic_in_the_highlands"&gt;fiosrachadh mun Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://thc.highlandlife.net/highland_council_gaelic_toolkit"&gt;abairtean&lt;/a&gt; a ghabhas cleachdadh ann an diofar suidhichidhean:&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gheibhear liosta de fhaclan agus abairtean a dh’fhaodas p&amp;#xE0;rantan a chleachdadh ri clann an &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/ionnsachadh/bgfp"&gt;seo&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha &amp;#x2018;C&amp;#xF9;rsa Inntrigidh’ Sabhal M&amp;#xF2;r Ostaig air a dealbh airson oileanaich ullachadh airson nan c&amp;#xF9;rsaichean aca ach faodaidh daoine eile an c&amp;#xF9;rsa a ghabhail cuideachd. Airson tuilleadh fiosrachadh, cliog an &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/Foghlam/Tagh-Cursa/Air-Astar/Cursa-Inntrigidh/index_en.html"&gt;seo&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha inbhich ag ionnsachadh na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig air feadh Alba – agus thall thairis cuideachd. Gl&amp;#xE8; thric bidh luchd-ionnsachaidh a’ cur bhuidhnean-taice no cearcaill-c&amp;#xF2;mhraidh air chois dhaibh fh&amp;#xE8;in. Gheibhear fiosrachadh gu h-&amp;#xEC;osal mu l&amp;#xE0;raich-l&amp;#xEC;n tr&amp;#xEC; dhiubh sin – ann am F&amp;#xEC;obh, Glaschu agus Astr&amp;#xE0;ilia.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S e &lt;i&gt;Cearcall C&amp;#xF2;mhraidh F&amp;#xEC;obha&lt;/i&gt; l&amp;#xEC;onradh de inbhich a tha ag ionnsachadh na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig ann am F&amp;#xEC;obh. Bidh iad a’ coinneachadh agus a’ cur thachartasan air chois tric air feadh na sg&amp;#xEC;re sin. Chithear an l&amp;#xE0;rach-l&amp;#xEC;n tlachdmhor aca an &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.wix.com/cearcall/cearcall-comhraidh-fiobha"&gt;seo&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S e &lt;i&gt;Meetup G&amp;#xE0;idhlig Ghlaschu&lt;/i&gt; buidheann den aon she&amp;#xF2;rsa ann an Glaschu. Tha na p&amp;#xEC;osan seo a chaidh a thogail on &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://meetup.gaelicglasgow.org.uk"&gt;l&amp;#xE0;rach-l&amp;#xEC;n&lt;/a&gt; aca - ag innse beachdan cuid anns a’ bhuidheann:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;D&amp;#xE8; tha buill ag r&amp;#xE0;dh?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-quote oucontent-s-box"&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#x2018;A bunch of lovely people who made me feel very welcome!’&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-source-reference"&gt;Leona Buchanan &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-quote oucontent-s-box"&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#x2018;&amp;#xA0;It is a very friendly, informal group. Everyone is accepted no matter what level their Gaelic is and it helps gain confidence in speaking.&amp;#xA0;’&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-source-reference"&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://meetup.gaelicglasgow.org.uk/members/2510836/"&gt;Evelyn&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Agus mu dheireadh, &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=18675106481"&gt;seo&lt;/a&gt; buidheann luchd-ionnsachaidh G&amp;#xE0;idhlig ann an Astr&amp;#xE0;ilia.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-5.4.1</guid>
    <dc:title>5.4.1 Inbhich</dc:title><dc:identifier>Gaidhlig_1</dc:identifier><dc:description>&lt;p&gt;’S e bhith ga togail san dachaigh agus ga cleachdadh sa choimhearsnachd an dòigh as cumanta, agus as fheàrr, air cànan ionnsachadh. Tha seo a’ tachairt fhathast leis a’ Ghàidhlig ach chan eil uimhir is a bha uaireigin.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha na dòighean eile air cànanan ionnsachadh de dhà sheòrsa:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul class="oucontent-bulleted"&gt;&lt;li&gt;ionnsachadh, mar as trice ann an àrd-sgoil no sgoil-oidhche, far a bheil an cuideam air cruth a’ chànain, i.e. air gràmar&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;ionnsachadh sa bheil an cuideam air brìgh, no co-luadar, i.e. far a bheil an luchd-ionnsachaidh a’ togail a’ chànain tro bhith ga cleachdadh, mar eisimpleir ann am foghlam-bogaidh leithid foghlam tro mheadhan na Gàidhlig.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha aonta ann gur e an dara dòigh dhiubh sin as fheàrr, agus as luaithe, a bheir luchd-ionnsachaidh gu bhith comasach air conaltradh sa chànan – on a tha am ‘bogadh’ a’ cruthachadh iarrtas làidir gus sin a dhèanamh – ach nach eil an-còmhnaidh eòlas math aca air a’ ghràmar.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha an dòigh ionnsachaidh eile èifeachdach cuideachd, gu h-àraidh le luchd-ionnsachaidh le alt airson cànanan, ach tha e toirt nas fhaide tighinn gu fileantachd leis an dòigh sin – agus tha tòrr a’ fàgail mus ruig iad an ìre sin.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S ann tro chlasaichean-oidhche, mu dhà uair a thìde a dh’fhaid agus a’ ruith fad seachdainean a’ gheamhraidh, as àbhaist inbhich tòiseachadh ag ionnsachadh na Gàidhlig. Tha diofar dhòighean-teagaisg ri fhaighinn sna clasaichean sin ach mar as trice tha an cuideam air ‘structar’ a’ chànain. Faodaidh iad a bhith stèidhte air leabhar no prògram telebhisein no, uaireannan, a bhith air an dealbh leis an neach-teagaisg fhèin a dh’aon ghnothaich airson nan oileanach aige.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha cùrsaichean goirid coltach ri sin ach gu bheil iad a’ tachairt thairis air seachdain no dhà, le clasaichean a’ dol fad an latha mar as trice: glè thric bidh na h-oileanaich a’ fuireach còmhla agus tha seo a’ toirt dhaibh cothrom a’ chànan a chleachdadh taobh a-muigh a’ chlas.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha cuideachd làraich-lìn ann tro faod daoine a’ chànan ionnsachadh air-loidhne: gheibhear cunntasan orrasan san ath earrann.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S e dòigh mhath a tha ann an clasaichean-oidhche, cùrsaichean goirid agus cùrsaichean air-loidhne airson tòiseachadh ag ionnsachadh na Gàidhlig on a tha iad a’ dol mar as trice aig astar cofhurtail, le tòrr taic agus glè thric le cothrom ionnsachadh mu chultar na Gàidhlig agus coinneachadh ri daoine ùra. Chan eil iad cho math, ge-tà, air luchd-ionnsachaidh a thoirt gu fileantachd ann an ùine ghoirid.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Airson inbhich aig a bheil greim mu thràth air bunaitean a’ chànain, no a tha ag iarraidh ionnsachadh aig astar nas luaithe nan àbhaist, tha a’ chùrsa ‘Ùlpan’ a tha air tighinn am bàrr o chionn greise a’ tabhann slighe eile gu fileantachd. Tha Ùlpan stèidhte air dòigh-teagaisg a thòisich ann an Israel le Eabhrais agus a chaidh a leasachadh sa Chuimrigh. Tha structar leantainneach air a’ chùrsa agus tha an cuideam air còmhradh. Tha 200 aonad sa chùrsa, a dh’fhaodar a dhèanamh ann an diofar riochdan, mar eisimpleir dà thuras san t-seachdain thairis air 3 bliadhna no barrachd chlasaichean ann an ùine ghoirid, rud a leigeadh leis a’ chùrsa a bhith dèante an taobh a-staigh 10 seachdainean. Dh’fhaoidte cuideachd an dà dhòigh-obrach sin a chur còmhla, leis an neach-ionnsachaidh a’ dol gu dà chlas san t-seachdain airson greis ach, o àm gu àm, a’ gabhail cùrsa dhian airson ùine ghoirid. ’S e amas Ùlpan an neach-ionnsachaidh a thoirt, ceum air cheum, gu bhith fileanta sa Ghàidhlig aig crìoch na cùrsa.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gheibhear fiosrachadh mu na cùrsaichean seo, agus cunntas air dè tha dol na do sgìre-sa, o Chomunn an Luchd-Ionnsachaidh, &lt;span class="oucontent-linkwithtip"&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.cli.org.uk"&gt;Clì Gàidhlig&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha BBC Alba a’ ruith diofar làrach-lìn do luchd-ionnsachaidh na Gàidhlig aig diofar aoisean agus ìrean. Gheibhear liosta an &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/alba/foghlam/learngaelic"&gt;seo&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:390px;"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/936d0f11/gaelic_1_fig112.jpg" alt="" width="390" height="95" style="max-width:390px;" class="oucontent-figure-image"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 32 Cuid de na làraich airson luchd-ionnsachaidh a lorgar air làrach-lìn BBC Alba - &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/colinandcumberland/"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Colin and Cumberland&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/alba/foghlam/airsplaoid/episodes/episodesindex.shtml"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Air Splaoid&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt; agus &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/alba/foghlam/dealas/"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Dealas&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha na goireasan a leanas do luchd-ionnsachaidh air làrach-lìn Comhairle na Gàidhealtachd:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul class="oucontent-bulleted"&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://ww2.highland.gov.uk/gaelic_in_the_highlands"&gt;fiosrachadh mun Ghàidhlig&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://thc.highlandlife.net/highland_council_gaelic_toolkit"&gt;abairtean&lt;/a&gt; a ghabhas cleachdadh ann an diofar suidhichidhean:&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gheibhear liosta de fhaclan agus abairtean a dh’fhaodas pàrantan a chleachdadh ri clann an &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/ionnsachadh/bgfp"&gt;seo&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha ‘Cùrsa Inntrigidh’ Sabhal Mòr Ostaig air a dealbh airson oileanaich ullachadh airson nan cùrsaichean aca ach faodaidh daoine eile an cùrsa a ghabhail cuideachd. Airson tuilleadh fiosrachadh, cliog an &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/Foghlam/Tagh-Cursa/Air-Astar/Cursa-Inntrigidh/index_en.html"&gt;seo&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha inbhich ag ionnsachadh na Gàidhlig air feadh Alba – agus thall thairis cuideachd. Glè thric bidh luchd-ionnsachaidh a’ cur bhuidhnean-taice no cearcaill-còmhraidh air chois dhaibh fhèin. Gheibhear fiosrachadh gu h-ìosal mu làraich-lìn trì dhiubh sin – ann am Fìobh, Glaschu agus Astràilia.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S e &lt;i&gt;Cearcall Còmhraidh Fìobha&lt;/i&gt; lìonradh de inbhich a tha ag ionnsachadh na Gàidhlig ann am Fìobh. Bidh iad a’ coinneachadh agus a’ cur thachartasan air chois tric air feadh na sgìre sin. Chithear an làrach-lìn tlachdmhor aca an &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.wix.com/cearcall/cearcall-comhraidh-fiobha"&gt;seo&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S e &lt;i&gt;Meetup Gàidhlig Ghlaschu&lt;/i&gt; buidheann den aon sheòrsa ann an Glaschu. Tha na pìosan seo a chaidh a thogail on &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://meetup.gaelicglasgow.org.uk"&gt;làrach-lìn&lt;/a&gt; aca - ag innse beachdan cuid anns a’ bhuidheann:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dè tha buill ag ràdh?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-quote oucontent-s-box"&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;‘A bunch of lovely people who made me feel very welcome!’&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-source-reference"&gt;Leona Buchanan &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-quote oucontent-s-box"&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;‘ It is a very friendly, informal group. Everyone is accepted no matter what level their Gaelic is and it helps gain confidence in speaking. ’&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-source-reference"&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://meetup.gaelicglasgow.org.uk/members/2510836/"&gt;Evelyn&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Agus mu dheireadh, &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=18675106481"&gt;seo&lt;/a&gt; buidheann luchd-ionnsachaidh Gàidhlig ann an Astràilia.&lt;/p&gt;</dc:description><dc:publisher>The Open University</dc:publisher><dc:creator>The Open University</dc:creator><dc:type>Course</dc:type><dc:format>text/html</dc:format><dc:language>en-GB</dc:language><dc:source>Cànan nan Gàidheal - Gaidhlig_1</dc:source><cc:license>Copyright © 2016 The Open University</cc:license></item>
    <item>
      <title>5.5 Cothroman dhan chloinn</title>
      <link>https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-5.5</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;Tha barrachd is barrachd dhaoine ann an Alba, co-dhi&amp;#xF9; a tha G&amp;#xE0;idhlig aca fh&amp;#xE8;in gus nach eil, a’ feuchainn ri d&amp;#xE8;anamh cinnteach gu bheil an cothrom aig an clann a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig ionnsachadh. Tha grunn adhbhair air seo ach ’s e na dh&amp;#xE0; as cudromaiche gu bheil iad mothachail air an &amp;#xE0;ite a tha aig a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig ann an dualchas agus eachdraidh Alba agus gu bheil iad a’ faicinn na tha ann de chothroman cosnaidh a-nise do dhaoine &amp;#xF2;ga leis a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha na roghainnean a tha ann do ph&amp;#xE0;rantan agus luchd-ionnsachaidh &amp;#xF2;g eadar-dhealaichte o &amp;#xE0;ite gu &amp;#xE0;ite. Tha a’ phr&amp;#xEC;omh fheadhainn air an ainmeachadh an seo. Airson faighinn a-mach d&amp;#xE8; tha ri fhaighinn na do sg&amp;#xEC;re fh&amp;#xE8;in, faighnich dhan t-seirbheis foghlaim ionadail agad no tadhail air l&amp;#xE0;rach-l&amp;#xEC;n B&amp;#xF2;rd na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig aig:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul class="oucontent-bulleted"&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-linkwithtip"&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.gaidhlig.org.uk/en/our-work/education"&gt;http://www.gaidhlig.org.uk/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;en/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;our-work/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;education&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.gaidhlig.org.uk/en/our-work/education/faq.html"&gt;www.gaidhlig.org.uk/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;en/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;our-work/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;education/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;faq.html&lt;/a&gt; .&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Foghlam tro mheadhan na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S e gn&amp;#xE8; de &amp;#x2018;fhoghlam bogaidh’ a tha ann am foghlam tro mheadhan na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig (FTG) anns a bheil sgoilearan ag ionnsachadh a’ ch&amp;#xE0;nain aig an aon &amp;#xE0;m ri bhith ga cleachdadh gus rudan eile ionnsachadh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chan eil G&amp;#xE0;idhlig aig a’ mh&amp;#xF2;r-chuid de na sgoilearan ann an FTG nuair a th&amp;#xF2;isicheas iad (mar as trice aig aois eadar 0-3 bliadhna). Tha iad ag ionnsachadh na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig tro bhith ga cluinntinn mun cuairt orra agus ga cleachdadh agus tha iad a’ faighinn beagan de theagasg c&amp;#xE0;nain cuideachd, tro gheamannan, &amp;#xF2;rain is sgeulachdan. Tha an &amp;#xEC;re mhath a h-uile sgoilear ann an FTG comasach air a’ ch&amp;#xE0;nan a bhruidhinn mun &amp;#xE0;m a dh’fh&amp;#xE0;gas iad an sgoil.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha foghlam bogaidh air a chleachdadh ann am m&amp;#xF2;ran a’ mhion-ch&amp;#xE0;nanan, mar a’ Chuimrigh, ach tha e air a chleachdadh le cuid de nas c&amp;#xE0;nanan &amp;#x2018;m&amp;#xF2;ra’ cuideachd, mar eisimpleir Fraingis ann an Canada.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure oucontent-media-mini"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/cbc6ea63/gaelic_1_fig056.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="200" style="max-width:300px;" class="oucontent-figure-image"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 33 Sgoil Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig Ghlaschu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha foghlam tro mheadhan na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig air a thoirt seachad le &amp;#xF9;ghdarrasan ionadail far a bheil p&amp;#xE0;rantan ga iarraidh. Tha poileasaidh &amp;#xF9;ghdarrasan air a seo ag atharrachadh o &amp;#xE0;ite gu &amp;#xE0;ite ach mar as trice tha iad a’ coimhead airson dearbhadh gu bheil iarrtas gu le&amp;#xF2;r ann airson an se&amp;#xF2;rsa foghlaim seo a chumail a’ dol &amp;#xF9;ine. Uaireannan faodaidh duilgheadas &amp;#xE8;irigh a thaobh cosgais, gainnead r&amp;#xF9;m ann an sgoil no d&amp;#xEC;th thidsearan. Airson fiosrachadh mun t-suidheachadh san sg&amp;#xEC;re agadsa, bruidhinn ri do sheirbheis foghlaim ionadail, a’ bhuidheann ph&amp;#xE0;rantan &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.parant.org.uk"&gt;Comann nam P&amp;#xE0;rant&lt;/a&gt; no B&amp;#xF2;rd na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig. Gheibhear na dh&amp;#xE0; mu dheireadh aig:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul class="oucontent-bulleted"&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.gaidhlig.org.uk/en/our-work/education"&gt;www.gaidhlig.org.uk/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;en/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;our-work/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;education&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.gaidhlig.org.uk/en/our-work/education/faq.html"&gt;www.gaidhlig.org.uk/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;en/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;our-work/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;education/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;faq.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Luchd-ionnsachaidh sa Bhun-sgoil (GLPS)&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S e sgeama n&amp;#xE0;iseanta a tha ann an GLPS a tha a’ toirt tr&amp;#xE8;anadh agus stuth-teagaisg do thidsearan a leigeas leotha beagan G&amp;#xE0;idhlig a theagasg do sgoilearan, mar as trice aig ceann &amp;#xE0;rd na bun-sgoile. ’S e an t-amas aig GLPS beagan e&amp;#xF2;lais a thoirt do sgoilearan air c&amp;#xE0;nan agus cultar na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig gus an c&amp;#xF9;m iad orra ga h-ionnsachadh san &amp;#xE0;rd-sgoil.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Clasaichean G&amp;#xE0;idhlig san &amp;#xE0;rd-sgoil&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S &amp;#xE0;bhaist do chlasaichean G&amp;#xE0;idhlig airson luchd-ionnsachaidh t&amp;#xF2;iseachadh ann an AS1 agus gabhaidh iad sgoilearan aig nach robh sgath G&amp;#xE0;idhlig ron a sin. Tha na clasaichean seo a’ ruighinn &amp;#xEC;re nan Teisteanasan N&amp;#xE0;iseanta aig SQA agus tha iad rim faighinn ann an &amp;#xE0;rd-sgoiltean air feadh Alba.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha cuideachd clasaichean G&amp;#xE0;idhlig ann do fhileantaich anns na h-&amp;#xE0;rd-sgoiltean ann an sg&amp;#xEC;rean far a bheil FTG sa bhun-sgoil. Tha an Teisteanasan N&amp;#xE0;iseanta fh&amp;#xE8;in aig na sgoilearan seo a tha coltach ri na deuchainnean aig an aon &amp;#xEC;re ann am Beurla.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha beagan chuspairean air an teagasg tro mheadhan na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig anns an &amp;#xE0;rd-sgoil ach ’s e gl&amp;#xE8; bheag a tha ann an cuid a dh’&amp;#xE0;itichean.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gheibhear fiosrachadh mu GLPS agus mu theagasg na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig mar chuspair air l&amp;#xE0;rach-l&amp;#xEC;n &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.gaidhlig.org.uk"&gt;B&amp;#xF2;rd na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-5.5</guid>
    <dc:title>5.5 Cothroman dhan chloinn</dc:title><dc:identifier>Gaidhlig_1</dc:identifier><dc:description>&lt;p&gt;Tha barrachd is barrachd dhaoine ann an Alba, co-dhiù a tha Gàidhlig aca fhèin gus nach eil, a’ feuchainn ri dèanamh cinnteach gu bheil an cothrom aig an clann a’ Ghàidhlig ionnsachadh. Tha grunn adhbhair air seo ach ’s e na dhà as cudromaiche gu bheil iad mothachail air an àite a tha aig a’ Ghàidhlig ann an dualchas agus eachdraidh Alba agus gu bheil iad a’ faicinn na tha ann de chothroman cosnaidh a-nise do dhaoine òga leis a’ Ghàidhlig.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha na roghainnean a tha ann do phàrantan agus luchd-ionnsachaidh òg eadar-dhealaichte o àite gu àite. Tha a’ phrìomh fheadhainn air an ainmeachadh an seo. Airson faighinn a-mach dè tha ri fhaighinn na do sgìre fhèin, faighnich dhan t-seirbheis foghlaim ionadail agad no tadhail air làrach-lìn Bòrd na Gàidhlig aig:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul class="oucontent-bulleted"&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-linkwithtip"&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.gaidhlig.org.uk/en/our-work/education"&gt;http://www.gaidhlig.org.uk/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;en/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;our-work/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;education&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.gaidhlig.org.uk/en/our-work/education/faq.html"&gt;www.gaidhlig.org.uk/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;en/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;our-work/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;education/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;faq.html&lt;/a&gt; .&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Foghlam tro mheadhan na Gàidhlig&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S e gnè de ‘fhoghlam bogaidh’ a tha ann am foghlam tro mheadhan na Gàidhlig (FTG) anns a bheil sgoilearan ag ionnsachadh a’ chànain aig an aon àm ri bhith ga cleachdadh gus rudan eile ionnsachadh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chan eil Gàidhlig aig a’ mhòr-chuid de na sgoilearan ann an FTG nuair a thòisicheas iad (mar as trice aig aois eadar 0-3 bliadhna). Tha iad ag ionnsachadh na Gàidhlig tro bhith ga cluinntinn mun cuairt orra agus ga cleachdadh agus tha iad a’ faighinn beagan de theagasg cànain cuideachd, tro gheamannan, òrain is sgeulachdan. Tha an ìre mhath a h-uile sgoilear ann an FTG comasach air a’ chànan a bhruidhinn mun àm a dh’fhàgas iad an sgoil.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha foghlam bogaidh air a chleachdadh ann am mòran a’ mhion-chànanan, mar a’ Chuimrigh, ach tha e air a chleachdadh le cuid de nas cànanan ‘mòra’ cuideachd, mar eisimpleir Fraingis ann an Canada.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure oucontent-media-mini"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/cbc6ea63/gaelic_1_fig056.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="200" style="max-width:300px;" class="oucontent-figure-image"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 33 Sgoil Ghàidhlig Ghlaschu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha foghlam tro mheadhan na Gàidhlig air a thoirt seachad le ùghdarrasan ionadail far a bheil pàrantan ga iarraidh. Tha poileasaidh ùghdarrasan air a seo ag atharrachadh o àite gu àite ach mar as trice tha iad a’ coimhead airson dearbhadh gu bheil iarrtas gu leòr ann airson an seòrsa foghlaim seo a chumail a’ dol ùine. Uaireannan faodaidh duilgheadas èirigh a thaobh cosgais, gainnead rùm ann an sgoil no dìth thidsearan. Airson fiosrachadh mun t-suidheachadh san sgìre agadsa, bruidhinn ri do sheirbheis foghlaim ionadail, a’ bhuidheann phàrantan &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.parant.org.uk"&gt;Comann nam Pàrant&lt;/a&gt; no Bòrd na Gàidhlig. Gheibhear na dhà mu dheireadh aig:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul class="oucontent-bulleted"&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.gaidhlig.org.uk/en/our-work/education"&gt;www.gaidhlig.org.uk/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;en/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;our-work/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;education&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.gaidhlig.org.uk/en/our-work/education/faq.html"&gt;www.gaidhlig.org.uk/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;en/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;our-work/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;education/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;faq.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Luchd-ionnsachaidh sa Bhun-sgoil (GLPS)&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S e sgeama nàiseanta a tha ann an GLPS a tha a’ toirt trèanadh agus stuth-teagaisg do thidsearan a leigeas leotha beagan Gàidhlig a theagasg do sgoilearan, mar as trice aig ceann àrd na bun-sgoile. ’S e an t-amas aig GLPS beagan eòlais a thoirt do sgoilearan air cànan agus cultar na Gàidhlig gus an cùm iad orra ga h-ionnsachadh san àrd-sgoil.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Clasaichean Gàidhlig san àrd-sgoil&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S àbhaist do chlasaichean Gàidhlig airson luchd-ionnsachaidh tòiseachadh ann an AS1 agus gabhaidh iad sgoilearan aig nach robh sgath Gàidhlig ron a sin. Tha na clasaichean seo a’ ruighinn ìre nan Teisteanasan Nàiseanta aig SQA agus tha iad rim faighinn ann an àrd-sgoiltean air feadh Alba.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha cuideachd clasaichean Gàidhlig ann do fhileantaich anns na h-àrd-sgoiltean ann an sgìrean far a bheil FTG sa bhun-sgoil. Tha an Teisteanasan Nàiseanta fhèin aig na sgoilearan seo a tha coltach ri na deuchainnean aig an aon ìre ann am Beurla.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha beagan chuspairean air an teagasg tro mheadhan na Gàidhlig anns an àrd-sgoil ach ’s e glè bheag a tha ann an cuid a dh’àitichean.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gheibhear fiosrachadh mu GLPS agus mu theagasg na Gàidhlig mar chuspair air làrach-lìn &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.gaidhlig.org.uk"&gt;Bòrd na Gàidhlig&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</dc:description><dc:publisher>The Open University</dc:publisher><dc:creator>The Open University</dc:creator><dc:type>Course</dc:type><dc:format>text/html</dc:format><dc:language>en-GB</dc:language><dc:source>Cànan nan Gàidheal - Gaidhlig_1</dc:source><cc:license>Copyright © 2016 The Open University</cc:license></item>
    <item>
      <title>6.1 Ealain na G&amp;#xE0;idhealtachd</title>
      <link>https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-6.1</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;Chan eil m&amp;#xF2;ran againn ann an sgr&amp;#xEC;obhadh mu eachdraidh nan ealain dhealbhach air a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhealtachd, ged a tha eachdraidh chudromach aca. ’S e call a tha an sin oir tha an inbhe a tha air a thoirt do dhualchas l&amp;#xE8;irsinneach sluaigh, gu h-eachdraidheil agus san latha an-diugh, a’ toirt buaidh air mar a tha an saoghal a’ faicinn chultaran agus mar a tha na cultaran gam faicinn fh&amp;#xE8;in&lt;a class="oucontent-crossref" href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-8"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;8&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha rudan leithid Leabhar Dhurrow agus Leabhar Cheanannais (no &amp;#x2018;Kells’) ainmeil gun teagamh. Ach a bharrachd air na l&amp;#xE0;mh-sgr&amp;#xEC;obhainnea sin, a chuireadh ri ch&amp;#xE8;ile ann an Eilean &amp;#xCC;, thug a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhealtachd dhuinn cuideachd Leabhar Dh&amp;#xE8;ir (Leabhar de na Soisgeil ann an Laideann on 10amh linn a th&amp;#xE0;inig &amp;#xE1; Seann D&amp;#xE8;ir ann an Siorrachd Obar Dheathain) agus an Leabhar Shalm Cheilteach on 10amh agus an 11amh linn (anns a bheil na sailm Laideann air an sgr&amp;#xEC;obhadh le l&amp;#xE0;imh, le dealbhan). Agus anns na 14amh, 15amh agus 16amh linntean tha obair snaidheadaireachd mh&amp;#xEC;orbhaileach againn ann an cloich &amp;#xE0;nn an stoidhle na G&amp;#xE0;idhealtachd an Iar o am Tighearnan nan Eilean.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:512px;" id="a0d8244f-fbf9-4904-a1e2-be39541bb110"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;amp;extra=thumbnailfigure_idm5265280" title="View larger image"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/ad1c1e55/old-deer-map.small.jpg" alt="" style="max-width:512px;" class="oucontent-figure-image oucontent-media-wide"/&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-thumbnaillink"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;amp;extra=thumbnailfigure_idm5265280"&gt;View larger image&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 34 Chaidh Leabhar Dh&amp;#xE8;ir a sgr&amp;#xEC;obhadh ann an Laideann anns an 10mh linn ann an Siorrachd Obar Dheathain ach tha notaichean ann an G&amp;#xE0;idhlig air oirean nan duilleagan. Lorgar dealbh dheth an seo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a id="back_thumbnailfigure_idm5265280"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S e ar-a-mach nan Seumasach a bu choireach gun deach toirmeasg a chur air an tartan, eisimpleir de ealain sh&amp;#xF2;nraichte a chaidh a chruthachadh air a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhealtachd ach a chaidh a reic ris an t-saoghal gun m&amp;#xF2;ran buannachd dhan Gh&amp;#xE0;idhealtachd fh&amp;#xE8;in.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ach tha e cudromach ann an ealain na G&amp;#xE0;idhealtachd, leithid obair peantair Clann Ghrannd san 18amh linn, Richard Waitt, no obair luchd-dhealbh leithid John Blake McDonald (1829-1901) san 19amh linn. Air a’ chiad sealladh ’s d&amp;#xF2;cha gun saoilear nach eil ann an Glencoe 1692 aig an D&amp;#xF2;mhnallach ach dealbh airson taic a chur ri eachdraidh no litreachas. Ach nuair a chuimhnichear gun deach a pheantadh ann an 1879, &amp;#xE0;m Str&amp;#xEC; an Fhearainn a th&amp;#xE0;inig gu ceann le Achd nan Croitearan an 1886 (a thug c&amp;#xF2;irichean fearainn do chroitearan), chithear gur ann a tha e ag ath-bheothachadh dhuinn &amp;#xE0;m cudromach eile ann an eachdraidh na G&amp;#xE0;idhealtachd. Tha an dealbh mar sin a’ d&amp;#xE8;iligeadh ri poilitigs an ama a’ cheart cho cinnteach is a tha an dealbh air imrich, Lochaber No More, a rinn John Watson Nicol (1856-1926) ceithir bliadhna &amp;#xE0;s d&amp;#xE8;idh sin.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:510px;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;amp;extra=thumbnailfigure_idm5257664" title="View larger image"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/08017d7a/gaelic_1_fig099.small.jpg" alt="" style="max-width:510px;" class="oucontent-figure-image oucontent-media-wide"/&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-thumbnaillink"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;amp;extra=thumbnailfigure_idm5257664"&gt;View larger image&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 35 Glencoe 1692 le Iain Blake D&amp;#xF2;mhnallach (1829-1901)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a id="back_thumbnailfigure_idm5257664"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha e inntinneach gur e neach-ealain le G&amp;#xE0;idhlig &amp;#xE0; Ceann T&amp;#xEC;re, Uilleam Mac an t-Sagairt (1835-1910), a bharrachd air duine sam bith, a st&amp;#xE8;idhich bunaitean ealan Albannach an latha an-diugh. Tha astar m&amp;#xF2;r eadar an stoidhle &amp;#xF9;r-nodha aig Mac an t-Sagairt agus an dealbh &amp;#xE0;bhaisteach a gheibhte den Gh&amp;#xE0;idhealtachd..&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ann an 1911 sheall an neach-ionnsachaidh G&amp;#xE0;idhlig iomraiteach sin, &amp;#xC8;ideard Dwelly (a rugadh faisg air Arundel ann an 1864), anns an obair ainmeil aige, Faclair G&amp;#xE0;idhlig le dealbhan, gun robh e mothachail air dualchas ealain na G&amp;#xE0;idhealtachd. Chuidich fear-dhealbh &amp;#xE0; Ste&amp;#xF2;rnabhagh, Calum D&amp;#xF2;mhnallach, Dwelly a’ d&amp;#xE8;anamh nan dealbhan airson an fhaclair. B’ esan fear den a’ chiad luchd-ealain ionnsaichte a th&amp;#xE0;inig &amp;#xE0;s na h-Eileanan Siar. Bha e na oileanach ann an Sgoil Ealain Ghlaschu agus an &amp;#xC9;cole des Beaux-Artes ann am Paris. Rinn e grunn de dhealbhan math de Le&amp;#xF2;dhas agus de bh&amp;#xE0;taichean-si&amp;#xF9;il.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mun &amp;#xE0;m sin bha cuid de luchd-dhealbh na 19amh linn mar Anndra Gibb agus Seumas Drummond air croisean &amp;#xE0;rda Eilean &amp;#xCC; agus &amp;#xCC;le agus obair eile ann an stoidhle snaidheadaireachd na G&amp;#xE0;idhealtachd an Iar a chl&amp;#xE0;radh&lt;a class="oucontent-crossref" href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-8"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. A’ leantainn air seo, th&amp;#xE0;inig ath-bheothachadh m&amp;#xF2;r air Ealain Cheilteach. ’S e fear de leabhraichean m&amp;#xF2;ra an Ath-bheothachaidh Cheiltich – agus gu dearbh a’ Ghluasad &amp;#x2018;Arts and Crafts’ – an cruinneachadh b&amp;#xE0;rdachd agus beul-aithris, &lt;i&gt;Carmina Gadelica&lt;/i&gt;, a dheasaich agus a dh’eadar-theangaich Alasdair MacGilleMh&amp;#xEC;cheil agus a chaidh fhoillseachadh ann an 1900.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:510px;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;amp;extra=thumbnailfigure_idm5248384" title="View larger image"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/e86d1619/gaelic_1_fig098.small.jpg" alt="" style="max-width:510px;" class="oucontent-figure-image oucontent-media-wide"/&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-thumbnaillink"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;amp;extra=thumbnailfigure_idm5248384"&gt;View larger image&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 36 Duilleagan bho &lt;i&gt;Carmina Gaedelica&lt;/i&gt;, Leabhar 1, cruinneachadh de laoidhean agus orthachan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a id="back_thumbnailfigure_idm5248384"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha &amp;#xE0;ite cudromach aig a’ chiad chl&amp;#xF2;-bhualadh den leabhar seo ann an eachdraidh nan ealain dhealbhach Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig. Chan e a-mh&amp;#xE0;in gu bheil e a’ cur an c&amp;#xE8;ill feallsanachd ealain an ama sin aig &amp;#xEC;re &amp;#xE0;rd ach tha e cuideachd a’ dol air ais c&amp;#xF2;rr is m&amp;#xEC;le bliadhna chun na seann Gh&amp;#xE0;idhealtachd, mar eisimpleir gu Leabhar Dh&amp;#xE8;ir. B’ e bean Alasdair MhicGilleMh&amp;#xEC;cheil, M&amp;#xE0;iri, a rinn na dealbhan&lt;a class="oucontent-crossref" href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-8"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;10&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. Bha buaidh aig &lt;i&gt;Carmina Gadelica&lt;/i&gt; air duilleag-aghaidh a’ chiad chl&amp;#xF2;-bhualadh den fhaclair aig Dwelly, a’ sealltainn gu bheil ceangal ealain cho math ri ceangal c&amp;#xE0;nain eadar an d&amp;#xE0; leabhar&lt;a class="oucontent-crossref" href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-8"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;11&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:343px;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;amp;extra=thumbnailfigure_idm5239264" title="View larger image"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/c2594d67/gaelic_1_fig106.small.jpg" alt="" style="max-width:343px;" class="oucontent-figure-image"/&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-thumbnaillink"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;amp;extra=thumbnailfigure_idm5239264"&gt;View larger image&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 37 Duilleag &amp;#xE0; Faclair G&amp;#xE0;idhlig Dwelly&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a id="back_thumbnailfigure_idm5239264"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mar sin, mu thoiseach an 20amh linn bha a h-uile coltas gum f&amp;#xE0;sadh na h-ealain dhealbhach gu bhith nam p&amp;#xE0;irt chudromach de chultar na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig san fharsaingeachd. Carson nach do thachair sin, co-dhi&amp;#xF9; ann an d&amp;#xF2;igh leantainneach?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S e aon adhbhar airson sin gun do chailleadh uimhir de shluagh na G&amp;#xE0;idhealtachd san t-se&amp;#xF2;rsa imrich a dhealbhaich Uilleam Mac an t-Sagairt cho dr&amp;#xF9;idhteach ann an &lt;i&gt;Sailing of the Emigrant Ship&lt;/i&gt;, a pheant e ann an 1895.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure oucontent-media-mini"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/97bbf522/gaelic_1_fig069.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="263" style="max-width:300px;" class="oucontent-figure-image"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 38 &lt;i&gt;The Sailing of the Emigrant Ship&lt;/i&gt; (1895) le Uilleam Mac an t-Sagairt&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cuideachd aig an &amp;#xE0;m sin, aig deireadh na 19amh linn, bha buaidh Achd Foghlaim 1872 air t&amp;#xF2;iseachadh ga faireachdainn. ’S e an teachdaireachd ann am foghlam nach robh feum sam bith sa Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig mar ch&amp;#xE0;nan agus, mar sin, nach robh feum ann an dualchas nan ealain Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig nas m&amp;#xF2;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha buaidh air a bhith aig dealbhan Mhic an t-Sagairt air luchd-dhealbh an latha an-diugh mar Will MaclIleathain, gu h-&amp;#xE0;raidh a thaobh an d&amp;#xF2;igh a tha iad sin a’ d&amp;#xE8;iligeadh ri cuspairean mar seilbh air an talamh. Tha na c&amp;#xE0;irn-cuimhneachaidh aig MacIlleathain ann am Baile Ailein, Aiginis agus Griais ann an Le&amp;#xF2;dhas nan eisimpleirean math air seo.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:510px;"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/1d28e480/gaelic_1_fig101.jpg" alt="" width="510" height="383" style="max-width:510px;" class="oucontent-figure-image oucontent-media-wide"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 39 Aon de na c&amp;#xE0;irn cuimhneachaidh a thog Will MacIllEathain ann a Le&amp;#xF2;dhas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha buaidh l&amp;#xE0;idir air a bhith aig b&amp;#xE0;rdachd Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig air luchd-ealain cuideachd. Ann an 2002 thug &lt;span class="oucontent-linkwithtip"&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.leabharmor.net"&gt;An Leabhar M&amp;#xF2;r /&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt; The Great Book of Gaelic&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; c&amp;#xF2;mhla dealbhan a rinn 100 luchd-ealain &amp;#xE0; Alba agus &amp;#xC8;irinn fo bhuaidh b&amp;#xE0;rdachd Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig. Bha seo a’ gabhail a-steach Will MacIlleathain ag obair comhla ri &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.aonghasmacneacail.co.uk/"&gt;Aonghas MacNeacail&lt;/a&gt;, Mhairi Killin le Meg Bateman, Kate Whiteford a’ toirt be&amp;#xF2; faclan Mhurchaidh MhicPh&amp;#xE0;rlain, Fl&amp;#xF2;raidh NicCoinnich le faclan &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/alba/foghlam/larachnambard/poets/ruaraidh_macthomais/am_bard/"&gt;Ruaraidh MhicTh&amp;#xF2;mais&lt;/a&gt;, Elizabeth Ogilvie ag obair le &amp;#xF2;ran a rinn bana-bh&amp;#xE0;rd na 17amh linn, M&amp;#xE0;iri nighean Alasdair Ruaidh, agus Calum Aonghas MacAoidh a’ sgr&amp;#xF9;dadh b&amp;#xE0;rdachd &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/alba/foghlam/larachnambard/poets/donnchadh_ban/am_bard/"&gt;Dhonnchaidh Bh&amp;#xE0;in&lt;/a&gt;. Th&amp;#xE0;inig taisbeanadh-siubhail eadar-n&amp;#xE0;iseanta a-mach &amp;#xE0;s a phr&amp;#xF2;iseact seo aig &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.gaelic-arts.com/"&gt;Pr&amp;#xF2;iseact Nan Ealan&lt;/a&gt; a ch&amp;#xF9;m a’ dol deich bliadhna &amp;#xE0;s d&amp;#xE8;idh dha bhith air a chur ri ch&amp;#xE8;ile an toiseach.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bu ch&amp;#xF2;ir a r&amp;#xE0;dh cuideachd gu bheil am pr&amp;#xF2;gram Luchd-ealain air Muinntireas a chuireadh air chois aig Sabhal M&amp;#xF2;r Ostaig ann an 2007 air a bhith gl&amp;#xE8; chudromach, gu h-&amp;#xE0;raidh air sg&amp;#xE0;th obair Gill Russell agus Eoghan Mac Colla. Bha taisbeanadh a’ tarraing aire as &amp;#xF9;r gu ealain na G&amp;#xE0;idhealtachd air a chumail ann an Ionad Ealain Dh&amp;#xF9;n &amp;#xC8;ideann bho Samhain 2010 gu M&amp;#xE0;rt 2011 a bha e a’ gabhail a-steach cuid den luchd-ealain a ghabh p&amp;#xE0;irt san Leabhar Mh&amp;#xF2;r, nam measg – a bharrachd air an fheadhainn a chaidh ainmeachadh roimhe – Eilidh Macalister, D&amp;#xF2;mhnall Mac a’ Ghobhainn, D&amp;#xF2;mhnall Urchadan, Tormod Seathach agus Frances Walker.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:510px;"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/caac62de/gaelic_1_fig104.jpg" alt="" width="510" height="383" style="max-width:510px;" class="oucontent-figure-image oucontent-media-wide"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 40 Ionad Ealain Dh&amp;#xF9;n &amp;#xC8;ideann&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Am measg nan taisbeanaidhean a bha ann ron a seo bha &lt;i&gt;As an Fhearann / From the Land: Clearance, Conflict and Crofting&lt;/i&gt; (1986) agus &lt;i&gt;Togail T&amp;#xEC;r / Marking Time: The Map of the Western Isles&lt;/i&gt; (1989), agus an taisbeanadh &lt;i&gt;Calanais&lt;/i&gt; ann an 1995, beachdan luchd-ealain an latha an-diugh air l&amp;#xE0;rach arc-e&amp;#xF2;lais cli&amp;#xF9;iteach G&amp;#xE0;idhealach.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Am measg na h-obrach a rinneadh anns na bliadhnaichean mu dheireadh tha an cruth-umha cudromach, &lt;i&gt;Crannghal&lt;/i&gt;, a chaidh a dhealbh le Will MacIlleathain agus Artair Watson agus a chaidh a chur suas aig Sabhal M&amp;#xF2;r Ostaig ann an 2006. Tha an cruth b&amp;#xE0;ta a tha air a’ sealltainn mar a bha fiosrachadh a’ gluasad air feadh na G&amp;#xE0;idhealtachd; chan eil coltas &amp;#x2018;cr&amp;#xEC;ochnaichte’ air, rud a tha ag innse nach eil an obair sin fhathast ullamh. Tha ceistean c&amp;#xE0;nain agus talmhainn air an sn&amp;#xEC;omh na ch&amp;#xE8;ile anns a leithid sin de ealain. Tha na gnothaichean sin air am faicinn mar chuspairean cudromach air feadh an t-saoghail, gu h-&amp;#xE0;raidh bho shealladh na h-&amp;#xE0;rainneachd. Tha e ceart a r&amp;#xE0;dh mar sin gu bheil ealain dhealbhach G&amp;#xE0;idhealtachd Alba a’ d&amp;#xE8;iligeadh ri ceistean a tha cudromach aig &amp;#xEC;re ionadail, n&amp;#xE0;iseanta agus eadar-n&amp;#xE0;iseanta.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:510px;"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/0e00e3be/gaelic_1_fig095.jpg" alt="" width="510" height="379" style="max-width:510px;" class="oucontent-figure-image oucontent-media-wide"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-source-reference"&gt;Dealbh le Murchadh D&amp;#xF2;mhnallach&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 41 &lt;i&gt;Crannghal&lt;/i&gt;, cruth-umha le Will MacIllEathain agus Artair Watson aig Sabhal M&amp;#xF2;r Ostaig.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-6.1</guid>
    <dc:title>6.1 Ealain na Gàidhealtachd</dc:title><dc:identifier>Gaidhlig_1</dc:identifier><dc:description>&lt;p&gt;Chan eil mòran againn ann an sgrìobhadh mu eachdraidh nan ealain dhealbhach air a’ Ghàidhealtachd, ged a tha eachdraidh chudromach aca. ’S e call a tha an sin oir tha an inbhe a tha air a thoirt do dhualchas lèirsinneach sluaigh, gu h-eachdraidheil agus san latha an-diugh, a’ toirt buaidh air mar a tha an saoghal a’ faicinn chultaran agus mar a tha na cultaran gam faicinn fhèin&lt;a class="oucontent-crossref" href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-8"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;8&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha rudan leithid Leabhar Dhurrow agus Leabhar Cheanannais (no ‘Kells’) ainmeil gun teagamh. Ach a bharrachd air na làmh-sgrìobhainnea sin, a chuireadh ri chèile ann an Eilean Ì, thug a’ Ghàidhealtachd dhuinn cuideachd Leabhar Dhèir (Leabhar de na Soisgeil ann an Laideann on 10amh linn a thàinig á Seann Dèir ann an Siorrachd Obar Dheathain) agus an Leabhar Shalm Cheilteach on 10amh agus an 11amh linn (anns a bheil na sailm Laideann air an sgrìobhadh le làimh, le dealbhan). Agus anns na 14amh, 15amh agus 16amh linntean tha obair snaidheadaireachd mhìorbhaileach againn ann an cloich ànn an stoidhle na Gàidhealtachd an Iar o am Tighearnan nan Eilean.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:512px;" id="a0d8244f-fbf9-4904-a1e2-be39541bb110"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;extra=thumbnailfigure_idm5265280" title="View larger image"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/ad1c1e55/old-deer-map.small.jpg" alt="" style="max-width:512px;" class="oucontent-figure-image oucontent-media-wide"/&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-thumbnaillink"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;extra=thumbnailfigure_idm5265280"&gt;View larger image&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 34 Chaidh Leabhar Dhèir a sgrìobhadh ann an Laideann anns an 10mh linn ann an Siorrachd Obar Dheathain ach tha notaichean ann an Gàidhlig air oirean nan duilleagan. Lorgar dealbh dheth an seo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a id="back_thumbnailfigure_idm5265280"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S e ar-a-mach nan Seumasach a bu choireach gun deach toirmeasg a chur air an tartan, eisimpleir de ealain shònraichte a chaidh a chruthachadh air a’ Ghàidhealtachd ach a chaidh a reic ris an t-saoghal gun mòran buannachd dhan Ghàidhealtachd fhèin.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ach tha e cudromach ann an ealain na Gàidhealtachd, leithid obair peantair Clann Ghrannd san 18amh linn, Richard Waitt, no obair luchd-dhealbh leithid John Blake McDonald (1829-1901) san 19amh linn. Air a’ chiad sealladh ’s dòcha gun saoilear nach eil ann an Glencoe 1692 aig an Dòmhnallach ach dealbh airson taic a chur ri eachdraidh no litreachas. Ach nuair a chuimhnichear gun deach a pheantadh ann an 1879, àm Strì an Fhearainn a thàinig gu ceann le Achd nan Croitearan an 1886 (a thug còirichean fearainn do chroitearan), chithear gur ann a tha e ag ath-bheothachadh dhuinn àm cudromach eile ann an eachdraidh na Gàidhealtachd. Tha an dealbh mar sin a’ dèiligeadh ri poilitigs an ama a’ cheart cho cinnteach is a tha an dealbh air imrich, Lochaber No More, a rinn John Watson Nicol (1856-1926) ceithir bliadhna às dèidh sin.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:510px;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;extra=thumbnailfigure_idm5257664" title="View larger image"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/08017d7a/gaelic_1_fig099.small.jpg" alt="" style="max-width:510px;" class="oucontent-figure-image oucontent-media-wide"/&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-thumbnaillink"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;extra=thumbnailfigure_idm5257664"&gt;View larger image&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 35 Glencoe 1692 le Iain Blake Dòmhnallach (1829-1901)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a id="back_thumbnailfigure_idm5257664"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha e inntinneach gur e neach-ealain le Gàidhlig à Ceann Tìre, Uilleam Mac an t-Sagairt (1835-1910), a bharrachd air duine sam bith, a stèidhich bunaitean ealan Albannach an latha an-diugh. Tha astar mòr eadar an stoidhle ùr-nodha aig Mac an t-Sagairt agus an dealbh àbhaisteach a gheibhte den Ghàidhealtachd..&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ann an 1911 sheall an neach-ionnsachaidh Gàidhlig iomraiteach sin, Èideard Dwelly (a rugadh faisg air Arundel ann an 1864), anns an obair ainmeil aige, Faclair Gàidhlig le dealbhan, gun robh e mothachail air dualchas ealain na Gàidhealtachd. Chuidich fear-dhealbh à Steòrnabhagh, Calum Dòmhnallach, Dwelly a’ dèanamh nan dealbhan airson an fhaclair. B’ esan fear den a’ chiad luchd-ealain ionnsaichte a thàinig às na h-Eileanan Siar. Bha e na oileanach ann an Sgoil Ealain Ghlaschu agus an École des Beaux-Artes ann am Paris. Rinn e grunn de dhealbhan math de Leòdhas agus de bhàtaichean-siùil.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mun àm sin bha cuid de luchd-dhealbh na 19amh linn mar Anndra Gibb agus Seumas Drummond air croisean àrda Eilean Ì agus Ìle agus obair eile ann an stoidhle snaidheadaireachd na Gàidhealtachd an Iar a chlàradh&lt;a class="oucontent-crossref" href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-8"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. A’ leantainn air seo, thàinig ath-bheothachadh mòr air Ealain Cheilteach. ’S e fear de leabhraichean mòra an Ath-bheothachaidh Cheiltich – agus gu dearbh a’ Ghluasad ‘Arts and Crafts’ – an cruinneachadh bàrdachd agus beul-aithris, &lt;i&gt;Carmina Gadelica&lt;/i&gt;, a dheasaich agus a dh’eadar-theangaich Alasdair MacGilleMhìcheil agus a chaidh fhoillseachadh ann an 1900.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:510px;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;extra=thumbnailfigure_idm5248384" title="View larger image"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/e86d1619/gaelic_1_fig098.small.jpg" alt="" style="max-width:510px;" class="oucontent-figure-image oucontent-media-wide"/&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-thumbnaillink"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;extra=thumbnailfigure_idm5248384"&gt;View larger image&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 36 Duilleagan bho &lt;i&gt;Carmina Gaedelica&lt;/i&gt;, Leabhar 1, cruinneachadh de laoidhean agus orthachan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a id="back_thumbnailfigure_idm5248384"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha àite cudromach aig a’ chiad chlò-bhualadh den leabhar seo ann an eachdraidh nan ealain dhealbhach Ghàidhlig. Chan e a-mhàin gu bheil e a’ cur an cèill feallsanachd ealain an ama sin aig ìre àrd ach tha e cuideachd a’ dol air ais còrr is mìle bliadhna chun na seann Ghàidhealtachd, mar eisimpleir gu Leabhar Dhèir. B’ e bean Alasdair MhicGilleMhìcheil, Màiri, a rinn na dealbhan&lt;a class="oucontent-crossref" href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-8"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;10&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. Bha buaidh aig &lt;i&gt;Carmina Gadelica&lt;/i&gt; air duilleag-aghaidh a’ chiad chlò-bhualadh den fhaclair aig Dwelly, a’ sealltainn gu bheil ceangal ealain cho math ri ceangal cànain eadar an dà leabhar&lt;a class="oucontent-crossref" href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-8"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;11&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:343px;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;extra=thumbnailfigure_idm5239264" title="View larger image"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/c2594d67/gaelic_1_fig106.small.jpg" alt="" style="max-width:343px;" class="oucontent-figure-image"/&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-thumbnaillink"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;extra=thumbnailfigure_idm5239264"&gt;View larger image&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 37 Duilleag à Faclair Gàidhlig Dwelly&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a id="back_thumbnailfigure_idm5239264"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mar sin, mu thoiseach an 20amh linn bha a h-uile coltas gum fàsadh na h-ealain dhealbhach gu bhith nam pàirt chudromach de chultar na Gàidhlig san fharsaingeachd. Carson nach do thachair sin, co-dhiù ann an dòigh leantainneach?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S e aon adhbhar airson sin gun do chailleadh uimhir de shluagh na Gàidhealtachd san t-seòrsa imrich a dhealbhaich Uilleam Mac an t-Sagairt cho drùidhteach ann an &lt;i&gt;Sailing of the Emigrant Ship&lt;/i&gt;, a pheant e ann an 1895.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure oucontent-media-mini"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/97bbf522/gaelic_1_fig069.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="263" style="max-width:300px;" class="oucontent-figure-image"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 38 &lt;i&gt;The Sailing of the Emigrant Ship&lt;/i&gt; (1895) le Uilleam Mac an t-Sagairt&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cuideachd aig an àm sin, aig deireadh na 19amh linn, bha buaidh Achd Foghlaim 1872 air tòiseachadh ga faireachdainn. ’S e an teachdaireachd ann am foghlam nach robh feum sam bith sa Ghàidhlig mar chànan agus, mar sin, nach robh feum ann an dualchas nan ealain Ghàidhlig nas mò.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha buaidh air a bhith aig dealbhan Mhic an t-Sagairt air luchd-dhealbh an latha an-diugh mar Will MaclIleathain, gu h-àraidh a thaobh an dòigh a tha iad sin a’ dèiligeadh ri cuspairean mar seilbh air an talamh. Tha na càirn-cuimhneachaidh aig MacIlleathain ann am Baile Ailein, Aiginis agus Griais ann an Leòdhas nan eisimpleirean math air seo.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:510px;"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/1d28e480/gaelic_1_fig101.jpg" alt="" width="510" height="383" style="max-width:510px;" class="oucontent-figure-image oucontent-media-wide"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 39 Aon de na càirn cuimhneachaidh a thog Will MacIllEathain ann a Leòdhas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha buaidh làidir air a bhith aig bàrdachd Ghàidhlig air luchd-ealain cuideachd. Ann an 2002 thug &lt;span class="oucontent-linkwithtip"&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.leabharmor.net"&gt;An Leabhar Mòr /&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt; The Great Book of Gaelic&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; còmhla dealbhan a rinn 100 luchd-ealain à Alba agus Èirinn fo bhuaidh bàrdachd Ghàidhlig. Bha seo a’ gabhail a-steach Will MacIlleathain ag obair comhla ri &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.aonghasmacneacail.co.uk/"&gt;Aonghas MacNeacail&lt;/a&gt;, Mhairi Killin le Meg Bateman, Kate Whiteford a’ toirt beò faclan Mhurchaidh MhicPhàrlain, Flòraidh NicCoinnich le faclan &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/alba/foghlam/larachnambard/poets/ruaraidh_macthomais/am_bard/"&gt;Ruaraidh MhicThòmais&lt;/a&gt;, Elizabeth Ogilvie ag obair le òran a rinn bana-bhàrd na 17amh linn, Màiri nighean Alasdair Ruaidh, agus Calum Aonghas MacAoidh a’ sgrùdadh bàrdachd &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/alba/foghlam/larachnambard/poets/donnchadh_ban/am_bard/"&gt;Dhonnchaidh Bhàin&lt;/a&gt;. Thàinig taisbeanadh-siubhail eadar-nàiseanta a-mach às a phròiseact seo aig &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.gaelic-arts.com/"&gt;Pròiseact Nan Ealan&lt;/a&gt; a chùm a’ dol deich bliadhna às dèidh dha bhith air a chur ri chèile an toiseach.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bu chòir a ràdh cuideachd gu bheil am prògram Luchd-ealain air Muinntireas a chuireadh air chois aig Sabhal Mòr Ostaig ann an 2007 air a bhith glè chudromach, gu h-àraidh air sgàth obair Gill Russell agus Eoghan Mac Colla. Bha taisbeanadh a’ tarraing aire as ùr gu ealain na Gàidhealtachd air a chumail ann an Ionad Ealain Dhùn Èideann bho Samhain 2010 gu Màrt 2011 a bha e a’ gabhail a-steach cuid den luchd-ealain a ghabh pàirt san Leabhar Mhòr, nam measg – a bharrachd air an fheadhainn a chaidh ainmeachadh roimhe – Eilidh Macalister, Dòmhnall Mac a’ Ghobhainn, Dòmhnall Urchadan, Tormod Seathach agus Frances Walker.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:510px;"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/caac62de/gaelic_1_fig104.jpg" alt="" width="510" height="383" style="max-width:510px;" class="oucontent-figure-image oucontent-media-wide"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 40 Ionad Ealain Dhùn Èideann&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Am measg nan taisbeanaidhean a bha ann ron a seo bha &lt;i&gt;As an Fhearann / From the Land: Clearance, Conflict and Crofting&lt;/i&gt; (1986) agus &lt;i&gt;Togail Tìr / Marking Time: The Map of the Western Isles&lt;/i&gt; (1989), agus an taisbeanadh &lt;i&gt;Calanais&lt;/i&gt; ann an 1995, beachdan luchd-ealain an latha an-diugh air làrach arc-eòlais cliùiteach Gàidhealach.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Am measg na h-obrach a rinneadh anns na bliadhnaichean mu dheireadh tha an cruth-umha cudromach, &lt;i&gt;Crannghal&lt;/i&gt;, a chaidh a dhealbh le Will MacIlleathain agus Artair Watson agus a chaidh a chur suas aig Sabhal Mòr Ostaig ann an 2006. Tha an cruth bàta a tha air a’ sealltainn mar a bha fiosrachadh a’ gluasad air feadh na Gàidhealtachd; chan eil coltas ‘crìochnaichte’ air, rud a tha ag innse nach eil an obair sin fhathast ullamh. Tha ceistean cànain agus talmhainn air an snìomh na chèile anns a leithid sin de ealain. Tha na gnothaichean sin air am faicinn mar chuspairean cudromach air feadh an t-saoghail, gu h-àraidh bho shealladh na h-àrainneachd. Tha e ceart a ràdh mar sin gu bheil ealain dhealbhach Gàidhealtachd Alba a’ dèiligeadh ri ceistean a tha cudromach aig ìre ionadail, nàiseanta agus eadar-nàiseanta.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:510px;"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/0e00e3be/gaelic_1_fig095.jpg" alt="" width="510" height="379" style="max-width:510px;" class="oucontent-figure-image oucontent-media-wide"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-source-reference"&gt;Dealbh le Murchadh Dòmhnallach&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 41 &lt;i&gt;Crannghal&lt;/i&gt;, cruth-umha le Will MacIllEathain agus Artair Watson aig Sabhal Mòr Ostaig.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</dc:description><dc:publisher>The Open University</dc:publisher><dc:creator>The Open University</dc:creator><dc:type>Course</dc:type><dc:format>text/html</dc:format><dc:language>en-GB</dc:language><dc:source>Cànan nan Gàidheal - Gaidhlig_1</dc:source><cc:license>Copyright © 2016 The Open University</cc:license></item>
    <item>
      <title>6.2 Ce&amp;#xF2;l agus &amp;#xD2;rain</title>
      <link>https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-6.2</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;Chan eil cr&amp;#xEC;och air an fhuaim ris an can sinn &amp;#x2018;ce&amp;#xF2;l G&amp;#xE0;idhlig’, biodh sin na che&amp;#xF2;l rock no pop agus rap, bho &amp;#xF2;rain luaidh gu puirt-a-beul, bhon chl&amp;#xE0;rsaich gu na p&amp;#xEC;oban (beag agus m&amp;#xF2;r), seinn nan salm agus opara.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Anns an fharsaingeachd, bidh ce&amp;#xF2;l is &amp;#xF2;rain Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig air an roinn eadar &amp;#x2018;traidiseanta’ agus &amp;#x2018;measail’ agus tha grunn roinnean a bharrachd air sin, mar eisimpleir na sailm agus &amp;#xF2;rain luaidh a tha a’ comharrachadh na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig mar ch&amp;#xE0;nan le taghadh farsaing de ghn&amp;#xE8; agus stoidhle.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha beul-aithris l&amp;#xE0;idir anns an dualchas agus tha sin a’ ciallachadh gu bheil dreach gu math pearsanta ga chur air &amp;#xF2;rain agus iad a’ s&amp;#xEC;or atharrachadh. ’S e gnothach caran &amp;#xF9;r a th’ ann a bhith a’ sgr&amp;#xEC;obhadh fuinn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha &amp;#xF2;rain luaidh furasta an aithneachadh le s&amp;#xE8;ist, fuaimean is faclan, agus a-rithist faclan a-mh&amp;#xE0;in. Bhiodh na h-&amp;#xF2;rain sin gan cleachdadh mar dh&amp;#xF2;igh air &amp;#xEC;mpidh na h-obrach a’ lughdachadh agus boireannaich a’ luadh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:387px;"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/2db2716f/gaelic_1_fig090.jpg" alt="" width="387" height="250" style="max-width:387px;" class="oucontent-figure-image"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 42 Banal luaidh &amp;#xE0; Uibhist a Deas. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cliog &lt;span class="oucontent-linkwithtip"&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.tobarandualchais.co.uk/play/27041"&gt;an seo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; airson &amp;#xF2;ran luaidh a chluinntinn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;A’ cur a-mach na loidhne&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha seinn nan salm gu math eadar-dhealaichte. &amp;#x2018;S e d&amp;#xF2;igh gu math &amp;#xE0;raid a th’ ann air a bhith a’ co-sheinn nan salm. Bidh aon neach a’ cur a-mach na loidhne, agus an coitheanal ga leantainn, a’ togail air gach loidhne.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha luchd-ci&amp;#xF9;il air dreach &amp;#xF9;r a chur air an d&amp;#xF2;igh seinn seo. Chaidh grunn eisimpleirean a chl&amp;#xE0;radh be&amp;#xF2; gun deisealachadh, a’ foillseachadh an d&amp;#xF2;igh seinn air feadh an t-saoghail. Chaidh a r&amp;#xE0;dh gur e seo &amp;#x2018;an aon che&amp;#xF2;l eaglaise ann am Breatainn le tomhas de dh’anam’.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#xC8;ist ri Salm 72, air fonn Ste&amp;#xF2;rnabhagh, le Aonghas D&amp;#xF2;mhnallach a’ togail an fhuinn as an Eaglais Shaor, Ste&amp;#xF2;rnabhagh an 1969.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div id="idm40513744" class="oucontent-media oucontent-audio-video oucontent-unstableid" style="width:342px;"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-default-filter"&gt;&lt;span class="oumediafilter"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/66829136/gaelic_psalm_singing.mp3?forcedownload=1" class="oumedialinknoscript omp-spacer"&gt;Download this audio clip.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="accesshide"&gt;Audio player: Seinn nan salm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="#" class="omp-enter-media omp-accesshide" tabindex="-1"&gt;
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                data-omp-src = "https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/66829136/gaelic_psalm_singing.mp3"
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&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-media-download"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/66829136/gaelic_psalm_singing.mp3?forcedownload=1" title="Download this audio clip"&gt;Download&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Seinn nan salm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-interaction-print"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-interaction-unavailable"&gt;Interactive feature not available in single page view (&lt;a class="oucontent-crossref" href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-6.2#idm40513744"&gt;see it in standard view&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Ce&amp;#xF2;l ionnsramaid&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha tr&amp;#xEC; ionnsramaidean ci&amp;#xF9;il a tha cudromach ann an dualchas nan G&amp;#xE0;idheal – a’ chl&amp;#xE0;rsach, am fidheall agus a’ ph&amp;#xEC;ob. Tha f&amp;#xE8;ill &amp;#xE0;s-&amp;#xF9;r orra air fad agus ginealach &amp;#xF9;r a’ ceasnachadh nan cleachdaidhean &amp;#xE0;bhaisteach agus eachdraidheil, ach aig an aon &amp;#xE0;m gan dearbhadh fh&amp;#xE8;in d&amp;#xEC;leas dhan dualchas.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.wendystewart.co.uk/cds.htm"&gt;Cliog an seo&lt;/a&gt; airson ce&amp;#xF2;l na cl&amp;#xE0;rsaich a chluinntinn air a chluich le Wendy Sti&amp;#xF9;bhart air an CD aice &lt;i&gt;About Time&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha dl&amp;#xF9;th cheangal eadar seinn Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig agus p&amp;#xEC;obaireachd nach gabh briseadh. Tha d&amp;#xE0; she&amp;#xF2;rsa p&amp;#xEC;obaireachd ann sa chumantas - ce&amp;#xF2;l m&amp;#xF2;r, an ce&amp;#xF2;l clasaigeach air a bheil &amp;#x2018;pibroch’; agus an uair sin ce&amp;#xF2;l beag – bho chaismeachd gu puirt airson dannsa leithid dannsa d&amp;#xF9;bailte, ruidhlichean, siogaichean agus dannsaichean mara.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha Ionad N&amp;#xE0;iseanta na P&amp;#xEC;obaireachd, &amp;#xE0;rd-ionad na h-ionnsramaid agus ce&amp;#xF2;l na p&amp;#xEC;oba, st&amp;#xE8;idhichte ann an Glaschu, faisg air Conservatoire R&amp;#xEC;oghail na h-Alba ann an Alba.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha m&amp;#xF2;ran ghoireasan anns an ionad ph&amp;#xEC;obaireachd eadar se&amp;#xF2;mraichean cluiche, talla m&amp;#xF2;r, ionad eachdraidh, leabharlann agus taigh-&amp;#xF2;sta agus goireasan co-labhairt. Tha am Prionnsa Te&amp;#xE0;rlach na Neach-taice. Faodar &amp;#xE8;isteachd ri ce&amp;#xF2;l na p&amp;#xEC;oba air an l&amp;#xE0;rach-l&amp;#xEC;n aig &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.thepipingcentre.co.uk/media-center/"&gt;Ionad N&amp;#xE0;iseanta na P&amp;#xEC;obaireachd&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;An c&amp;#xE8;ilidh – dachaigh nan &amp;#xF2;ran agus ce&amp;#xF2;l G&amp;#xE0;idhlig&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Far am bi cruinneachadh sam bith de Gh&amp;#xE0;idheil, bidh c&amp;#xE8;ilidh, no cruinneachadh le &amp;#xF2;rain is ce&amp;#xF2;l na theis-mheadhain. Faodaidh an c&amp;#xE8;ilidh a bhith foirmeil no neo-fhoirmeil, na chruinneachadh de charaidean ag innse sgeulachdan agus a’ gabhail &amp;#xF2;rain.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S e am fasan anns an latha an-diugh gum bi dannsa an l&amp;#xF9;ib c&amp;#xE8;ilidh ann an suidheachadh foirmeil gu math tric. Tha c&amp;#xE8;ilidhean fhathast cudromach ge-t&amp;#xE0; anns a’ choimhearsnachd mar dh&amp;#xF2;igh air a bhith an co-luadar ri caraidean agus cumail suas ri gnothaichean an latha.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gu &amp;#xEC;re mh&amp;#xF2;ir tha &amp;#x2018;c&amp;#xE8;ilidh’ air atharrachadh gu bhith na &amp;#x2018;chonsairt’ agus tha iad gu math tric aig cridhe tachartasan is f&amp;#xE8;isean m&amp;#xF2;ra mar na Co-chruinneachaidhean Ceilteach ann an Glaschu gach Faoilleach, F&amp;#xE8;is Innse Gall anns na h-Eileanan an Iar agus F&amp;#xE8;is Eadar-n&amp;#xE0;iseanta nan Dathan Ceilteach ann an Ceap Breatainn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Airson tuilleadh fiosrachaidh:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul class="oucontent-bulleted"&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.celticconnections.com"&gt;www.celticconnections.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.celtic-colours.com"&gt;www.celtic-colours.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.hebceltfest.com"&gt;www.hebceltfest.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Am M&amp;#xF2;d N&amp;#xE0;iseanta R&amp;#xEC;oghail&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#x2018;S e Am M&amp;#xF2;d N&amp;#xE0;iseanta R&amp;#xEC;oghail f&amp;#xE8;is &amp;#xF2;rain, cultar agus ealain nan G&amp;#xE0;idheal, a tha ga chumail gach bliadhna coltach ris an Eisteddfod anns a’ Chuimrigh. Tha An Comunn G&amp;#xE0;idhealach a’ sti&amp;#xF9;ireadh a’ Mh&amp;#xF2;id anns a bheil farpaisean agus iomall gu math be&amp;#xF2;thail taobh ri taobh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chaidh am M&amp;#xF2;d a chumail airson a’ chiad uair ann an 1892 anns an &amp;#xD2;ban agus tha inbhe is cli&amp;#xF9; aige fhathast mar phr&amp;#xEC;omh thachartas cultarail na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#xC8;ist ri cl&amp;#xE0;raidhean bho na M&amp;#xF2;dan an &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/alba/oran/orain/list/mod/?lang=gd"&gt;seo&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;F&amp;#xE8;isean nan G&amp;#xE0;idheal&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#x2018;S e &amp;#x2018;f&amp;#xE8;is’ facal eile ann an G&amp;#xE0;idhlig airson cuirm no fleadh. Tha am facal a-nis air a cheangal gu dl&amp;#xF9;th ri buidheann leis an aon ainm a tha a’ cur air d&amp;#xF2;igh tachartasan fon bhratach &amp;#x2018;F&amp;#xE8;isean’, far am bi &amp;#xF2;igridh a’ tighinn c&amp;#xF2;mhla a dh’ionnsachadh mun Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig agus mu che&amp;#xF2;l gu h-&amp;#xE0;raidh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha &amp;#xF2;igridh a’ faighinn cothrom aig na F&amp;#xE8;isean sgilean dr&amp;#xE0;ma, dannsa agus seinn traidiseanta ionnsachadh no a thoirt air adhart agus tha cothroman ann raon farsaing de dh’ionnsramaidean a l&amp;#xE0;imhseachadh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chaidh a’ chiad Fh&amp;#xE8;is a chumail air Eilean Bharraigh ann an 1981. Deich bliadhna an d&amp;#xE8;idh sin, ann an 1991, chaidh Comann N&amp;#xE0;iseanta nam F&amp;#xE8;isean Ealain Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig airson &amp;#xF2;igridh a chur air bhonn. Tha timcheall air 50 tachartas nis gan cumail gach bliadhna air feadh Alba le mu 5,000 gam frithealadh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha iomairt nam F&amp;#xE8;isean air a mheas mar innleachd ealain cho &amp;#xE8;ifeachdach ’s a th’ ann an Alba agus ’s ann tro na f&amp;#xE8;isean a tha uimhir de dh’&amp;#xF9;rachadh air tighinn air a’ bheachd a th’ aig &amp;#xF2;igridh air feadh Alba gu h-&amp;#xE0;raidh air G&amp;#xE0;idhlig, &amp;#xF2;rain agus ce&amp;#xF2;l.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Bliadhna nan &amp;#xD2;ran&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chomharraich BBC Radio nan G&amp;#xE0;idheal agus BBC ALBA 2010 mar Bliadhna nan &amp;#xD2;ran agus r&amp;#xE8; na bliadhna chaidh sreath de phr&amp;#xF2;graman iomraiteach co-cheangailte ri ce&amp;#xF2;l a chraoladh, le &amp;#xF2;ran eadar-dhealaichte air a thaghadh gach latha.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tron l&amp;#xE0;rach-l&amp;#xEC;n &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/oran"&gt;www.bbc.co.uk/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;oran&lt;/a&gt; tha cothrom ann &amp;#xE8;isteachd ri cl&amp;#xE0;raidhean agus sealltainn ri bhidiothan de mh&amp;#xF2;ran de na h-&amp;#xF2;rain a chaidh a chraoladh &amp;#xE0; tasglann G&amp;#xE0;idhlig a’ BhBC. Tha c&amp;#xF2;rr air 800 &amp;#xF2;ran ann le na facail airson m&amp;#xF2;ran dhiubh; tha cunntais-beatha iomadh seinneadair ann agus fiosrachadh mu ch&amp;#xF2;rr air 300 b&amp;#xE0;rd.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Cruinneachaidhean&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chaidh am pr&amp;#xF2;iseact &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.tobarandualchais.co.uk/"&gt;Tobar an Dualchais/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Kist o Riches&lt;/a&gt; a st&amp;#xE8;idheachadh a ghl&amp;#xE8;idheil grunn mhiltean de dh’uairean a th&amp;#xEC;de de chl&amp;#xE0;radh &amp;#xF2;rain agus sgeulachdan ann an G&amp;#xE0;idhlig agus Albais, agus an cur air-loidhne ann an riochd didsiteach.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha an l&amp;#xE0;rach-l&amp;#xEC;n seo luma-l&amp;#xE0;n de bheul-aithris, &amp;#xF2;rain, ce&amp;#xF2;l, eachdraidh, b&amp;#xE0;rdachd, dualchas, sgeulachdan agus fiosrachadh eile.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chaidh a chruinneachadh bho na 1930an air feadh Alba agus thall thairis. Tha an stuth st&amp;#xE8;idhichte air na chaidh a chl&amp;#xE0;radh le Sgoil E&amp;#xF2;lais na h-Alba (Oilthigh Dh&amp;#xF9;n &amp;#xC8;ideann), BBC Alba agus an cruinneachadh aig Iain Latharna Caimbeul fo ch&amp;#xF9;ram Urras N&amp;#xE0;iseanta na h-Alba ann an Eilean Chanaigh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Am measg an stuth sin tha sgeulachdan a chaidh a chl&amp;#xE0;radh le Iain Latharna Caimbeul air uidheaman uacs ann an 1937 agus beul-aithris a chaidh a chruinneachadh le Calum MacIllEathainn anns na 1950an air feadh Alba; &amp;#xF2;rain an Albais a thog Hamish MacEanruig bho luchd-siubhail na d&amp;#xF9;thcha anns na 1960an agus cl&amp;#xE0;raidhean le &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/radionangaidheal/"&gt;BBC Radio Nan Gaidheal&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;S&amp;#xE0;r luchd-ci&amp;#xF9;il na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha cli&amp;#xF9; eadar-n&amp;#xE0;iseanta a-nis aig grunn sheinneadairean agus luchd-ci&amp;#xF9;il G&amp;#xE0;idhlig. Tha iad air duaisean m&amp;#xF2;ra a bhuinnig agus tha f&amp;#xE8;ill mh&amp;#xF2;r orra air feadh an t-saoghail. Tha a’ bhana-sheinneadair Julie Fowlis agus an c&amp;#xF2;mhlan Runrig nam measg.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ghlac &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.juliefowlis.com/"&gt;Julie Fowlis&lt;/a&gt; aire dhaoine agus luchd-leantainn &amp;#xF9;ra air feadh Bhreatainn nuair a choisinn i duaisean ci&amp;#xF9;il agus a nochd i aig f&amp;#xE8;isean air feadh Bhreatainn agus ann an &amp;#xC8;ireann.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ged a chaidh a comhairleachadh gu l&amp;#xE0;idir saoghal nas fharsainge de che&amp;#xF2;l a leantainn, ghl&amp;#xE8;idh Julie a co-fhaireachdainn dhan dualchas aice fh&amp;#xE8;in.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S ann anns a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig a tha i a’ seinn fad na h-&amp;#xF9;ine, a’ togail a misneachd agus a’ cruthachadh a saoghal air st&amp;#xF2;ras de che&amp;#xF2;l, eachdraidh agus cultar a dualchais fh&amp;#xE8;in.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bhon fhuair i an duais mar Sheinneadair Dualchais na Bliadhna air BBC Radio 2 ann an 2008 bhon bhana-sheinneadair KT Tunstall, tha an Daily Telegraph air a r&amp;#xE0;dh gur fhaodadh gur i Julie Fowlis &amp;#x2018;a’ chiad sh&amp;#xE0;r-sheinneadair G&amp;#xE0;idhlig a thig am b&amp;#xE0;rr ann an saoghal na Beurla.’&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha Julie Fowlis air m&amp;#xF2;ran a dh&amp;#xE8;anamh ann an &amp;#xF9;ine ghoirid. Tha i air grunn dhuaisean a thogail, le cli&amp;#xF9; agus inbhe &amp;#xE0;s-&amp;#xF9;r dha-r&amp;#xE8;ir.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Choisinn i an duais mar Sheinneadair G&amp;#xE0;idhlig na Bliadhna agus Cl&amp;#xE0;r na Bliadhna aig Duaisean Ce&amp;#xF2;l Traidiseanta na h-Alba ann an 2007 agus ghl&amp;#xE8;idh i Cl&amp;#xE0;r na Bliadhna a-rithist ann an 2010. Chaidh a h-ainmeachadh tr&amp;#xEC; bliadhna sreath a ch&amp;#xE8;ile mar Sheinneadair Dualchais na Bliadhna air BBC Radio 2. ’S i a’ chiad sheinneadair G&amp;#xE0;idhlig a thog an duais iomraiteach seo nuair a fhuair i e ann an 2008. ’S i cuideachd a’ chiad sheinneadair G&amp;#xE0;idhlig a nochd air a’ phr&amp;#xF2;gram ainmeil ci&amp;#xF9;il telebhisein 'Later&amp;#x2026;with Jools Holland,’ ann an 2007.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chan eil duais a fhuair i a tha cho cudromach leatha fh&amp;#xE8;in ri urram &amp;#x2018;Tosgaire na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig’, a fhuair i bho Ph&amp;#xE0;rlamaid na h-Alba ann an 2008/9, a’ chiad neach a fhuair an duais.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div id="idm45715360" class="oucontent-media oucontent-unstableid oucontent-media-mini"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-embedtemplate"&gt;&lt;iframe type="text/html" width="425" height="344" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/CgTgledCjOI?&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;fs=1&amp;amp;rel=0" frameborder="0"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-interaction-print"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-interaction-unavailable"&gt;Interactive feature not available in single page view (&lt;a class="oucontent-crossref" href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-6.2#idm45715360"&gt;see it in standard view&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Ce&amp;#xF2;l is C&amp;#xF2;mhlain&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha an c&amp;#xF2;mhlan rock &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.runrig.co.uk"&gt;Runrig&lt;/a&gt;, a chaidh a st&amp;#xE8;idheachadh ann an 1973 anns an Eilean Sgitheanach agus an c&amp;#xF2;mhlan &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.capercaillie.co.uk/"&gt;Capercaillie&lt;/a&gt; air barrachd a dh&amp;#xE8;anamh ann an saoghal a’ chi&amp;#xF9;il le G&amp;#xE0;idhlig na buidhnean sam bith eile.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chl&amp;#xE0;r Runrig barrachd air 15 cl&amp;#xE0;r, agus bha a’ mh&amp;#xF2;r-chuid dhen stuth sin ann an G&amp;#xE0;idhlig. Dh’fhoillsich iad cuideachd leabhar le 150 &amp;#xF2;ran agus fiosrachadh eile mun eachdraidh aca fh&amp;#xE8;in ann an 2000.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha m&amp;#xF2;ran dhen stuth aig Runrig air a tharraing &amp;#xE0; tobar &amp;#xE0;raid de l&amp;#xE0;thaireachd, eachdraidh, poilitigs agus daoine a tha air am bonntachadh anns na h-Eileanan Siar.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha an luchd-leantainn aca rin lorg air feadh an t-saoghail bho Bhreatainn gu taic l&amp;#xE0;idir anns an Danmharg agus anns a’ Ghearmailt, a bharrachd air &amp;#xE0;iteachan nas &amp;#x2018;Albannaiche’ mar Alba Nuadh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chluich Runrig a’ chiad chuirm riamh aca anns na St&amp;#xE0;itean Aonaichte &amp;#xE0;s leth a’ charthannais &amp;#x2018;Glasgow the Caring City’, air Giblean 4, 2006 aig Ionad Nokia ann an New York.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Opara &amp;#x2018;Hiort’&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chaidh ce&amp;#xF2;l G&amp;#xE0;idhlig a chur air &amp;#xE0;rd-&amp;#xF9;rlar eadar-n&amp;#xE0;iseanta le Pr&amp;#xF2;iseact nan Ealan, a tha a’ sti&amp;#xF9;ireadh pr&amp;#xF2;iseactan ealan G&amp;#xE0;idhlig.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dh’innis &amp;#x2018;Hiort’, a chaidh a dhealbh a dh’aona-ghnothach le ce&amp;#xF2;l bho Jean-Paul Dessy agus David Graham, agus sgeulachd le Iain Fionnlagh MacLe&amp;#xF2;id, mar a thachair do mhuinntir eileanan Hiort agus mar a bha iad a’ tighinn be&amp;#xF2; mas deach an toirt bho na h-eileanan ann an 1930.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cheangail neart, co-fhaireachdainn agus &amp;#xF9;idh dhaoine anns an sgeulachd seo G&amp;#xE0;idhlig ri cultar na h-E&amp;#xF2;rpa aig iomadh &amp;#xEC;re agus chuir e c&amp;#xE0;nan agus cultar na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig air &amp;#xE0;rd-&amp;#xF9;rlar eadar-n&amp;#xE0;iseanta ann an suidheachadh f&amp;#xEC;or.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure oucontent-media-mini"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;amp;extra=thumbnailfigure_idm5153424" title="View larger image"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/5069325b/gaelic_1_fig060.small.jpg" alt="" style="max-width:318px;" class="oucontent-figure-image"/&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-thumbnaillink"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;amp;extra=thumbnailfigure_idm5153424"&gt;View larger image&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-source-reference"&gt;Le cead bho Phr&amp;#xF2;iseact nan Ealan&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 43 Dealbh bhon opara Hiort&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a id="back_thumbnailfigure_idm5153424"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bha an opara St Kilda: L’&amp;#xEE;le des Hommes-Oiseaux air an &amp;#xE0;rd-&amp;#xF9;rlar aig Theatre F&amp;#xE8;is Dh&amp;#xF9;n &amp;#xC8;ideann, mar phr&amp;#xEC;omh thachartas aig an Fh&amp;#xE8;is Eadar-n&amp;#xE0;iseanta ann an 2009.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;An toiseach, latha meadhan samhraidh 2007, chaidh an opara fhaicinn ann an c&amp;#xF2;ig &amp;#xE0;iteachan aig an aon &amp;#xE0;m – Ste&amp;#xF2;rnabhagh an Alba, anns a’ Fhraing, anns an Ostair, anns a’ Bheilg agus anns a’ Ghearmailt. Bha dealbhan a’ tighinn be&amp;#xF2; &amp;#xE0; Hiort mar ph&amp;#xE0;irt den opara as gach &amp;#xE0;ite.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Faigh a-mach an tuilleadh air an l&amp;#xE0;rach-l&amp;#xEC;n &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://stkilda.eu/"&gt;seo&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;G&amp;#xE0;idhlig agus cl&amp;#xE0;ir pop&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#x2018;S iongantach gun robh tachartas nas ainmeile le seinneadair G&amp;#xE0;idhlig an l&amp;#xF9;ib cl&amp;#xE0;ir &amp;#xF2;rain pop na an t-&amp;#xF2;ran &amp;#x2018;Japanese Boy’ air a sheinn le Aneka ann an 1981 a r&amp;#xE0;inig &amp;#xE0;ireamh 1. Thagh an seinneadair M&amp;#xE0;iri Sandeman an t-ainm bho leabhar f&amp;#xF2;n.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sgaoil a h-&amp;#xEC;omhaigh agus an riochd a ghabh i thuice fh&amp;#xE8;in ann an &amp;#xE8;ideadh Iapanach gu m&amp;#xF2;r. Ach an d&amp;#xE8;idh a bhith a’ cuartachadh ann an saoghal pop a’ chiad ghreis, chuir M&amp;#xE0;iri (agus Aneka) an c&amp;#xF9;l ris agus choisinn i deagh chli&amp;#xF9; dhith fh&amp;#xE8;in na bana-sheinneadair air an &amp;#xE0;rd-&amp;#xF9;rlar le &amp;#xF2;rain nas traidiseanta.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure oucontent-media-mini"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/e439cfb3/gaelic_1_fig094.jpg" alt="" width="150" height="147" style="max-width:150px;" class="oucontent-figure-image"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 44 An c&amp;#xF2;mhdach a bha air cl&amp;#xE0;r Aneka, Japanese Boy, ann an 1981&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Nuair a chl&amp;#xE0;r Runrig an dreach ainmeil a thug iad air an &amp;#xF2;ran &amp;#x2018;Loch Lomond (Hampden Remix)’, a chuideachadh le Clann ann an &amp;#xC8;is aig a’ BhBC, bha luchd-taic sgioba ball-coise eadar-n&amp;#xE0;iseanta na h-Alba (an t-Arm Tartan) agus an seinneadair ainmeil Rod Sti&amp;#xF9;bhart mar thaic aca.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Anns an t-samhradh 1995 rinn Runrig rud nach do rinneadh riamh roimhe le &amp;#xF2;ran G&amp;#xE0;idhlig. Thug iad an-t-&amp;#xF2;ran, An Ubhal As &amp;#xC0;irde, dhan phr&amp;#xEC;omh chl&amp;#xE0;r 20 am Breatainn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha Runrig a-nis am measg an fheadhainn a chaidh a chur do Thalla Iomraiteach an Luchd-ci&amp;#xF9;il Traidiseanta, tro dhuaisean Ce&amp;#xF2;l Traidiseanta na h-Alba.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tr&amp;#xE0;th ann an 2011, dh’ fheuch c&amp;#xF2;mhlan &amp;#xF9;r &amp;#x2018;M&amp;#xE0;nran’, le &amp;#xF2;ran &amp;#x2018;Latha math’ ri na h-uimhir eile a dh&amp;#xE8;anamh ’s a rinn Runrig. Chaidh leotha gu &amp;#xEC;re, suas gu &amp;#xE0;ireamh 61 anns a’ chl&amp;#xE0;r am Breatainn, a’ reic faisg air 5,500 cl&amp;#xE0;r.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Fhuair an c&amp;#xF2;mhlan gu &amp;#xE0;ireamh 1 ann an cl&amp;#xE0;r nan seinneadairean/sgr&amp;#xEC;obhaichean Breatannach agus thadhail daoine air an l&amp;#xE0;rach-l&amp;#xEC;n aig a’ ch&amp;#xF2;mhlan 55,000 turas an latha an d&amp;#xE8;idh dhaibh fhoillseachadh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Ce&amp;#xF2;l G&amp;#xE0;idhlig agus foghlam&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha Roinn a’ d&amp;#xE8;iligeadh ri Ceol na h-Alba ann an Conservatoire R&amp;#xEC;oghail an h-Alba agus ’s e seo an aon &amp;#xE0;ite anns an t-saoghal far am faighear ceum le urram ann an ce&amp;#xF2;l traidiseanta Alba.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gheibh oileanaich le t&amp;#xE0;lantan ann an ce&amp;#xF2;l cothroman tr&amp;#xE8;anaidh farsaing a tha nan deagh bhunait airson a dhol air adhart gu &amp;#xEC;re foghlaim eile, no airson ce&amp;#xF2;l a leantainn mar bhith-be&amp;#xF2;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha ceum oilthighe ann am p&amp;#xEC;obaireachd ga thairgse an co-bhuinn ri Ionad na P&amp;#xEC;obaireachd, aig a bheil seasamh is cli&amp;#xF9; eadar-n&amp;#xE0;iseanta mar phr&amp;#xEC;omh ionad-teagaisg na p&amp;#xEC;obaireachd.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bha &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.maryannkennedy.co.uk/"&gt;M&amp;#xE0;iri Anna NicUalraig&lt;/a&gt; na h-oileanach aig &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.rsamd.ac.uk/"&gt;Conservatoire R&amp;#xEC;oghail an h-Alba&lt;/a&gt; agus tha i nis am measg pr&amp;#xEC;omh luchd-ci&amp;#xF9;il agus craolaidh am Breatainn. Tha i a’ fuireach ann a Loch Abar far a bheil sti&amp;#xF9;idio ci&amp;#xF9;il Watercolour aice fh&amp;#xE8;in agus a c&amp;#xE8;ile.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;An d&amp;#xE8;idh a foghlam ann an saoghal ci&amp;#xF9;il traidiseanta na h-Alba agus tr&amp;#xE8;anadh clasaigeach, thug 15 bliadhna deug ag obair dhan BhBC e&amp;#xF2;las is inbhe dhith ann an iomadach raon.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha saoghal ci&amp;#xF9;il Mh&amp;#xE0;iri Anna iomadh-fhillte, mar sheinneadair agus neach-ci&amp;#xF9;il, riochdaire, sgr&amp;#xEC;obhaiche agus neach-teagaisg. Choisinn i grunn dhuaisean ainmeil eadar-n&amp;#xE0;iseanta, nam measg Concours Internationale de l'Harpe Celtique agus an d&amp;#xE0; Bhonn &amp;#xD2;r aig a’ Mh&amp;#xF2;d N&amp;#xE0;iseanta.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mar chraoladair tha M&amp;#xE0;iri Anna air a bhith ag obair do BBC Radio Alba, BBC Radio 3, RTE agus BBC Radio nan G&amp;#xE0;idheal. Tha i cuideachd air a bhith a’ l&amp;#xEC;bhrigeadh phr&amp;#xF2;graman telebhisein air BBA Alba, BBC2, TG4 agus BBC4, pr&amp;#xF2;graman s&amp;#xF2;nraichte mu che&amp;#xF2;l an t-saoghail agus ce&amp;#xF2;l traidiseanta ann an Alba agus &amp;#xC8;ireann.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.jamesgraham.net"&gt;Seumas Greumach&lt;/a&gt; cuideachd air cli&amp;#xF9; a chosnadh dha fh&amp;#xE8;in mar sh&amp;#xE0;r neach-ci&amp;#xF9;il an d&amp;#xE8;idh ceumnachadh &amp;#xE0; Conservatoire R&amp;#xEC;oghail na h-Alba. Buinidh e do dh’Asainte agus th&amp;#xF2;isich e a’ frithealadh farpaisean aig M&amp;#xF2;dan nuair a bha e gl&amp;#xE8; &amp;#xF2;g.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha e nis aig &amp;#xE0;rd a chomais mar ph&amp;#xEC;obaire agus mar sheinneadair. Chaidh fhoghlam mu &amp;#xF2;rain Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig le Kenna Chaimbeul, a tha am measg an fheadhainn as cudromaiche ann an saoghal na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig a thaobh a bhith ag ionnsachadh sgilean seinn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S e Seumas a ghl&amp;#xE8;idh an duais mar &amp;#xD2;ganach Ci&amp;#xF9;il Traidiseanta na Bliadhna aig a’ BhBC ann an 2004, a’ chiad fhireannach agus a’ chiad sheinneadair G&amp;#xE0;idhlig a thog an duais.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bhuinig e am Bonn &amp;#xD2;ir aig a’ Mh&amp;#xF2;d R&amp;#xEC;oghail N&amp;#xE0;iseanta ann an 2007 agus bhon uair sin tha e air grunn CDan fhoillseachadh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Tachartasan coimhearsnachd&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S e sgoil shamhraidh airson dannsa agus ce&amp;#xF2;l a th’ ann an Ce&amp;#xF2;las far am faigh daoine s&amp;#xE0;r oideachadh ann am p&amp;#xEC;obaireachd, f&amp;#xEC;dhleireachd, seinn, danns ruidhlichean is eile, dannsa ceum agus a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.ceolas.co.uk/"&gt;Ce&amp;#xF2;las&lt;/a&gt; st&amp;#xE8;idhichte ann am f&amp;#xEC;or choimhearsnachd Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig ann an Uibhist a Deas. Tha an sgoil shamhraidh a’ rannsachadh gach ceangal eadar ce&amp;#xF2;l traidiseanta na h-Alba, &amp;#xF2;rain Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig agus dannsa, agus aig an aon &amp;#xE0;m a’ toirt cothrom do dhaoine toileachas fhaighinn asta aig c&amp;#xE8;ilidhean agus nan dachaighean.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Ce&amp;#xF2;l na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig a-nis &amp;#x2018;cool’&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ann an 1999, mar thoradh air a’ bheairteas de che&amp;#xF2;l traidiseanta a chaidh a bhrosnachadh le na F&amp;#xE8;isean agus buidhnean eile, chuir Comhairle na G&amp;#xE0;idhealtachd air adhart plana airson Ionad S&amp;#xE0;r-mhathais le &amp;#xE0;itichean-fuirich a st&amp;#xE8;idheachadh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chaidh leis a’ phlana agus chaidh an t-Ionad S&amp;#xE0;r-mhathais N&amp;#xE0;iseanta airson Ce&amp;#xF2;l Traidiseanta - &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.musicplockton.org/"&gt;Sgoil Chi&amp;#xF9;il na G&amp;#xE0;idhealtachd&lt;/a&gt; – air taobh siar Rois fhosgladh anns a’ Ch&amp;#xE8;itein 2000 le taic airgid &amp;#xA3;500,000 bho Riaghaltas na h-Alba agus tuilleadh bho Chomhairle na G&amp;#xE0;idhealtachd.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bha e cudromach gur ann air an taobh an iar a chaidh a st&amp;#xE8;idheachadh. Tha sg&amp;#xEC;re a’ Phluic, air taobh an iar Rois, mu choinneamh an Eilein Sgitheanaich, an teis-mheadhain coimhearsnachd a th’ air a bhith taiceil do che&amp;#xF2;l traidiseanta agus cultar na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig bho chionn fhada.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bha pr&amp;#xF2;iseact a’ Phluic s&amp;#xF2;nraichte am measg ionadan s&amp;#xE0;r-mhathais eile a chaidh a st&amp;#xE8;idheachadh aig an &amp;#xE0;m. Bha e ag amas air aon she&amp;#xF2;rsa ci&amp;#xF9;il – ce&amp;#xF2;l traidiseanta. 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    <dc:title>6.2 Ceòl agus Òrain</dc:title><dc:identifier>Gaidhlig_1</dc:identifier><dc:description>&lt;p&gt;Chan eil crìoch air an fhuaim ris an can sinn ‘ceòl Gàidhlig’, biodh sin na cheòl rock no pop agus rap, bho òrain luaidh gu puirt-a-beul, bhon chlàrsaich gu na pìoban (beag agus mòr), seinn nan salm agus opara.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Anns an fharsaingeachd, bidh ceòl is òrain Ghàidhlig air an roinn eadar ‘traidiseanta’ agus ‘measail’ agus tha grunn roinnean a bharrachd air sin, mar eisimpleir na sailm agus òrain luaidh a tha a’ comharrachadh na Gàidhlig mar chànan le taghadh farsaing de ghnè agus stoidhle.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha beul-aithris làidir anns an dualchas agus tha sin a’ ciallachadh gu bheil dreach gu math pearsanta ga chur air òrain agus iad a’ sìor atharrachadh. ’S e gnothach caran ùr a th’ ann a bhith a’ sgrìobhadh fuinn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha òrain luaidh furasta an aithneachadh le sèist, fuaimean is faclan, agus a-rithist faclan a-mhàin. Bhiodh na h-òrain sin gan cleachdadh mar dhòigh air ìmpidh na h-obrach a’ lughdachadh agus boireannaich a’ luadh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:387px;"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/2db2716f/gaelic_1_fig090.jpg" alt="" width="387" height="250" style="max-width:387px;" class="oucontent-figure-image"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 42 Banal luaidh à Uibhist a Deas. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cliog &lt;span class="oucontent-linkwithtip"&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.tobarandualchais.co.uk/play/27041"&gt;an seo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; airson òran luaidh a chluinntinn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;A’ cur a-mach na loidhne&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha seinn nan salm gu math eadar-dhealaichte. ‘S e dòigh gu math àraid a th’ ann air a bhith a’ co-sheinn nan salm. Bidh aon neach a’ cur a-mach na loidhne, agus an coitheanal ga leantainn, a’ togail air gach loidhne.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha luchd-ciùil air dreach ùr a chur air an dòigh seinn seo. Chaidh grunn eisimpleirean a chlàradh beò gun deisealachadh, a’ foillseachadh an dòigh seinn air feadh an t-saoghail. Chaidh a ràdh gur e seo ‘an aon cheòl eaglaise ann am Breatainn le tomhas de dh’anam’.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Èist ri Salm 72, air fonn Steòrnabhagh, le Aonghas Dòmhnallach a’ togail an fhuinn as an Eaglais Shaor, Steòrnabhagh an 1969.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div id="idm40513744" class="oucontent-media oucontent-audio-video oucontent-unstableid" style="width:342px;"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-default-filter"&gt;&lt;span class="oumediafilter"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/66829136/gaelic_psalm_singing.mp3?forcedownload=1" class="oumedialinknoscript omp-spacer"&gt;Download this audio clip.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="accesshide"&gt;Audio player: Seinn nan salm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="#" class="omp-enter-media omp-accesshide" tabindex="-1"&gt;
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&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-media-download"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/66829136/gaelic_psalm_singing.mp3?forcedownload=1" title="Download this audio clip"&gt;Download&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Seinn nan salm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-interaction-print"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-interaction-unavailable"&gt;Interactive feature not available in single page view (&lt;a class="oucontent-crossref" href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-6.2#idm40513744"&gt;see it in standard view&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Ceòl ionnsramaid&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha trì ionnsramaidean ciùil a tha cudromach ann an dualchas nan Gàidheal – a’ chlàrsach, am fidheall agus a’ phìob. Tha fèill às-ùr orra air fad agus ginealach ùr a’ ceasnachadh nan cleachdaidhean àbhaisteach agus eachdraidheil, ach aig an aon àm gan dearbhadh fhèin dìleas dhan dualchas.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.wendystewart.co.uk/cds.htm"&gt;Cliog an seo&lt;/a&gt; airson ceòl na clàrsaich a chluinntinn air a chluich le Wendy Stiùbhart air an CD aice &lt;i&gt;About Time&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha dlùth cheangal eadar seinn Ghàidhlig agus pìobaireachd nach gabh briseadh. Tha dà sheòrsa pìobaireachd ann sa chumantas - ceòl mòr, an ceòl clasaigeach air a bheil ‘pibroch’; agus an uair sin ceòl beag – bho chaismeachd gu puirt airson dannsa leithid dannsa dùbailte, ruidhlichean, siogaichean agus dannsaichean mara.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha Ionad Nàiseanta na Pìobaireachd, àrd-ionad na h-ionnsramaid agus ceòl na pìoba, stèidhichte ann an Glaschu, faisg air Conservatoire Rìoghail na h-Alba ann an Alba.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha mòran ghoireasan anns an ionad phìobaireachd eadar seòmraichean cluiche, talla mòr, ionad eachdraidh, leabharlann agus taigh-òsta agus goireasan co-labhairt. Tha am Prionnsa Teàrlach na Neach-taice. Faodar èisteachd ri ceòl na pìoba air an làrach-lìn aig &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.thepipingcentre.co.uk/media-center/"&gt;Ionad Nàiseanta na Pìobaireachd&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;An cèilidh – dachaigh nan òran agus ceòl Gàidhlig&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Far am bi cruinneachadh sam bith de Ghàidheil, bidh cèilidh, no cruinneachadh le òrain is ceòl na theis-mheadhain. Faodaidh an cèilidh a bhith foirmeil no neo-fhoirmeil, na chruinneachadh de charaidean ag innse sgeulachdan agus a’ gabhail òrain.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S e am fasan anns an latha an-diugh gum bi dannsa an lùib cèilidh ann an suidheachadh foirmeil gu math tric. Tha cèilidhean fhathast cudromach ge-tà anns a’ choimhearsnachd mar dhòigh air a bhith an co-luadar ri caraidean agus cumail suas ri gnothaichean an latha.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gu ìre mhòir tha ‘cèilidh’ air atharrachadh gu bhith na ‘chonsairt’ agus tha iad gu math tric aig cridhe tachartasan is fèisean mòra mar na Co-chruinneachaidhean Ceilteach ann an Glaschu gach Faoilleach, Fèis Innse Gall anns na h-Eileanan an Iar agus Fèis Eadar-nàiseanta nan Dathan Ceilteach ann an Ceap Breatainn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Airson tuilleadh fiosrachaidh:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul class="oucontent-bulleted"&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.celticconnections.com"&gt;www.celticconnections.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.celtic-colours.com"&gt;www.celtic-colours.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.hebceltfest.com"&gt;www.hebceltfest.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Am Mòd Nàiseanta Rìoghail&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;‘S e Am Mòd Nàiseanta Rìoghail fèis òrain, cultar agus ealain nan Gàidheal, a tha ga chumail gach bliadhna coltach ris an Eisteddfod anns a’ Chuimrigh. Tha An Comunn Gàidhealach a’ stiùireadh a’ Mhòid anns a bheil farpaisean agus iomall gu math beòthail taobh ri taobh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chaidh am Mòd a chumail airson a’ chiad uair ann an 1892 anns an Òban agus tha inbhe is cliù aige fhathast mar phrìomh thachartas cultarail na Gàidhlig.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Èist ri clàraidhean bho na Mòdan an &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/alba/oran/orain/list/mod/?lang=gd"&gt;seo&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Fèisean nan Gàidheal&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;‘S e ‘fèis’ facal eile ann an Gàidhlig airson cuirm no fleadh. Tha am facal a-nis air a cheangal gu dlùth ri buidheann leis an aon ainm a tha a’ cur air dòigh tachartasan fon bhratach ‘Fèisean’, far am bi òigridh a’ tighinn còmhla a dh’ionnsachadh mun Ghàidhlig agus mu cheòl gu h-àraidh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha òigridh a’ faighinn cothrom aig na Fèisean sgilean dràma, dannsa agus seinn traidiseanta ionnsachadh no a thoirt air adhart agus tha cothroman ann raon farsaing de dh’ionnsramaidean a làimhseachadh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chaidh a’ chiad Fhèis a chumail air Eilean Bharraigh ann an 1981. Deich bliadhna an dèidh sin, ann an 1991, chaidh Comann Nàiseanta nam Fèisean Ealain Ghàidhlig airson òigridh a chur air bhonn. Tha timcheall air 50 tachartas nis gan cumail gach bliadhna air feadh Alba le mu 5,000 gam frithealadh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha iomairt nam Fèisean air a mheas mar innleachd ealain cho èifeachdach ’s a th’ ann an Alba agus ’s ann tro na fèisean a tha uimhir de dh’ùrachadh air tighinn air a’ bheachd a th’ aig òigridh air feadh Alba gu h-àraidh air Gàidhlig, òrain agus ceòl.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Bliadhna nan Òran&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chomharraich BBC Radio nan Gàidheal agus BBC ALBA 2010 mar Bliadhna nan Òran agus rè na bliadhna chaidh sreath de phrògraman iomraiteach co-cheangailte ri ceòl a chraoladh, le òran eadar-dhealaichte air a thaghadh gach latha.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tron làrach-lìn &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/oran"&gt;www.bbc.co.uk/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;oran&lt;/a&gt; tha cothrom ann èisteachd ri clàraidhean agus sealltainn ri bhidiothan de mhòran de na h-òrain a chaidh a chraoladh à tasglann Gàidhlig a’ BhBC. Tha còrr air 800 òran ann le na facail airson mòran dhiubh; tha cunntais-beatha iomadh seinneadair ann agus fiosrachadh mu chòrr air 300 bàrd.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Cruinneachaidhean&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chaidh am pròiseact &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.tobarandualchais.co.uk/"&gt;Tobar an Dualchais/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Kist o Riches&lt;/a&gt; a stèidheachadh a ghlèidheil grunn mhiltean de dh’uairean a thìde de chlàradh òrain agus sgeulachdan ann an Gàidhlig agus Albais, agus an cur air-loidhne ann an riochd didsiteach.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha an làrach-lìn seo luma-làn de bheul-aithris, òrain, ceòl, eachdraidh, bàrdachd, dualchas, sgeulachdan agus fiosrachadh eile.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chaidh a chruinneachadh bho na 1930an air feadh Alba agus thall thairis. Tha an stuth stèidhichte air na chaidh a chlàradh le Sgoil Eòlais na h-Alba (Oilthigh Dhùn Èideann), BBC Alba agus an cruinneachadh aig Iain Latharna Caimbeul fo chùram Urras Nàiseanta na h-Alba ann an Eilean Chanaigh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Am measg an stuth sin tha sgeulachdan a chaidh a chlàradh le Iain Latharna Caimbeul air uidheaman uacs ann an 1937 agus beul-aithris a chaidh a chruinneachadh le Calum MacIllEathainn anns na 1950an air feadh Alba; òrain an Albais a thog Hamish MacEanruig bho luchd-siubhail na dùthcha anns na 1960an agus clàraidhean le &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/radionangaidheal/"&gt;BBC Radio Nan Gaidheal&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Sàr luchd-ciùil na Gàidhlig&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha cliù eadar-nàiseanta a-nis aig grunn sheinneadairean agus luchd-ciùil Gàidhlig. Tha iad air duaisean mòra a bhuinnig agus tha fèill mhòr orra air feadh an t-saoghail. Tha a’ bhana-sheinneadair Julie Fowlis agus an còmhlan Runrig nam measg.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ghlac &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.juliefowlis.com/"&gt;Julie Fowlis&lt;/a&gt; aire dhaoine agus luchd-leantainn ùra air feadh Bhreatainn nuair a choisinn i duaisean ciùil agus a nochd i aig fèisean air feadh Bhreatainn agus ann an Èireann.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ged a chaidh a comhairleachadh gu làidir saoghal nas fharsainge de cheòl a leantainn, ghlèidh Julie a co-fhaireachdainn dhan dualchas aice fhèin.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S ann anns a’ Ghàidhlig a tha i a’ seinn fad na h-ùine, a’ togail a misneachd agus a’ cruthachadh a saoghal air stòras de cheòl, eachdraidh agus cultar a dualchais fhèin.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bhon fhuair i an duais mar Sheinneadair Dualchais na Bliadhna air BBC Radio 2 ann an 2008 bhon bhana-sheinneadair KT Tunstall, tha an Daily Telegraph air a ràdh gur fhaodadh gur i Julie Fowlis ‘a’ chiad shàr-sheinneadair Gàidhlig a thig am bàrr ann an saoghal na Beurla.’&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha Julie Fowlis air mòran a dhèanamh ann an ùine ghoirid. Tha i air grunn dhuaisean a thogail, le cliù agus inbhe às-ùr dha-rèir.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Choisinn i an duais mar Sheinneadair Gàidhlig na Bliadhna agus Clàr na Bliadhna aig Duaisean Ceòl Traidiseanta na h-Alba ann an 2007 agus ghlèidh i Clàr na Bliadhna a-rithist ann an 2010. Chaidh a h-ainmeachadh trì bliadhna sreath a chèile mar Sheinneadair Dualchais na Bliadhna air BBC Radio 2. ’S i a’ chiad sheinneadair Gàidhlig a thog an duais iomraiteach seo nuair a fhuair i e ann an 2008. ’S i cuideachd a’ chiad sheinneadair Gàidhlig a nochd air a’ phrògram ainmeil ciùil telebhisein 'Later…with Jools Holland,’ ann an 2007.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chan eil duais a fhuair i a tha cho cudromach leatha fhèin ri urram ‘Tosgaire na Gàidhlig’, a fhuair i bho Phàrlamaid na h-Alba ann an 2008/9, a’ chiad neach a fhuair an duais.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div id="idm45715360" class="oucontent-media oucontent-unstableid oucontent-media-mini"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-embedtemplate"&gt;&lt;iframe type="text/html" width="425" height="344" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/CgTgledCjOI?&amp;hl=en&amp;fs=1&amp;rel=0" frameborder="0"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-interaction-print"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-interaction-unavailable"&gt;Interactive feature not available in single page view (&lt;a class="oucontent-crossref" href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-6.2#idm45715360"&gt;see it in standard view&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Ceòl is Còmhlain&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha an còmhlan rock &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.runrig.co.uk"&gt;Runrig&lt;/a&gt;, a chaidh a stèidheachadh ann an 1973 anns an Eilean Sgitheanach agus an còmhlan &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.capercaillie.co.uk/"&gt;Capercaillie&lt;/a&gt; air barrachd a dhèanamh ann an saoghal a’ chiùil le Gàidhlig na buidhnean sam bith eile.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chlàr Runrig barrachd air 15 clàr, agus bha a’ mhòr-chuid dhen stuth sin ann an Gàidhlig. Dh’fhoillsich iad cuideachd leabhar le 150 òran agus fiosrachadh eile mun eachdraidh aca fhèin ann an 2000.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha mòran dhen stuth aig Runrig air a tharraing à tobar àraid de làthaireachd, eachdraidh, poilitigs agus daoine a tha air am bonntachadh anns na h-Eileanan Siar.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha an luchd-leantainn aca rin lorg air feadh an t-saoghail bho Bhreatainn gu taic làidir anns an Danmharg agus anns a’ Ghearmailt, a bharrachd air àiteachan nas ‘Albannaiche’ mar Alba Nuadh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chluich Runrig a’ chiad chuirm riamh aca anns na Stàitean Aonaichte às leth a’ charthannais ‘Glasgow the Caring City’, air Giblean 4, 2006 aig Ionad Nokia ann an New York.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Opara ‘Hiort’&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chaidh ceòl Gàidhlig a chur air àrd-ùrlar eadar-nàiseanta le Pròiseact nan Ealan, a tha a’ stiùireadh pròiseactan ealan Gàidhlig.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dh’innis ‘Hiort’, a chaidh a dhealbh a dh’aona-ghnothach le ceòl bho Jean-Paul Dessy agus David Graham, agus sgeulachd le Iain Fionnlagh MacLeòid, mar a thachair do mhuinntir eileanan Hiort agus mar a bha iad a’ tighinn beò mas deach an toirt bho na h-eileanan ann an 1930.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cheangail neart, co-fhaireachdainn agus ùidh dhaoine anns an sgeulachd seo Gàidhlig ri cultar na h-Eòrpa aig iomadh ìre agus chuir e cànan agus cultar na Gàidhlig air àrd-ùrlar eadar-nàiseanta ann an suidheachadh fìor.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure oucontent-media-mini"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;extra=thumbnailfigure_idm5153424" title="View larger image"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/5069325b/gaelic_1_fig060.small.jpg" alt="" style="max-width:318px;" class="oucontent-figure-image"/&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-thumbnaillink"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;extra=thumbnailfigure_idm5153424"&gt;View larger image&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-source-reference"&gt;Le cead bho Phròiseact nan Ealan&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 43 Dealbh bhon opara Hiort&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a id="back_thumbnailfigure_idm5153424"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bha an opara St Kilda: L’île des Hommes-Oiseaux air an àrd-ùrlar aig Theatre Fèis Dhùn Èideann, mar phrìomh thachartas aig an Fhèis Eadar-nàiseanta ann an 2009.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;An toiseach, latha meadhan samhraidh 2007, chaidh an opara fhaicinn ann an còig àiteachan aig an aon àm – Steòrnabhagh an Alba, anns a’ Fhraing, anns an Ostair, anns a’ Bheilg agus anns a’ Ghearmailt. Bha dealbhan a’ tighinn beò à Hiort mar phàirt den opara as gach àite.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Faigh a-mach an tuilleadh air an làrach-lìn &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://stkilda.eu/"&gt;seo&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Gàidhlig agus clàir pop&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;‘S iongantach gun robh tachartas nas ainmeile le seinneadair Gàidhlig an lùib clàir òrain pop na an t-òran ‘Japanese Boy’ air a sheinn le Aneka ann an 1981 a ràinig àireamh 1. Thagh an seinneadair Màiri Sandeman an t-ainm bho leabhar fòn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sgaoil a h-ìomhaigh agus an riochd a ghabh i thuice fhèin ann an èideadh Iapanach gu mòr. Ach an dèidh a bhith a’ cuartachadh ann an saoghal pop a’ chiad ghreis, chuir Màiri (agus Aneka) an cùl ris agus choisinn i deagh chliù dhith fhèin na bana-sheinneadair air an àrd-ùrlar le òrain nas traidiseanta.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure oucontent-media-mini"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/e439cfb3/gaelic_1_fig094.jpg" alt="" width="150" height="147" style="max-width:150px;" class="oucontent-figure-image"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 44 An còmhdach a bha air clàr Aneka, Japanese Boy, ann an 1981&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Nuair a chlàr Runrig an dreach ainmeil a thug iad air an òran ‘Loch Lomond (Hampden Remix)’, a chuideachadh le Clann ann an Èis aig a’ BhBC, bha luchd-taic sgioba ball-coise eadar-nàiseanta na h-Alba (an t-Arm Tartan) agus an seinneadair ainmeil Rod Stiùbhart mar thaic aca.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Anns an t-samhradh 1995 rinn Runrig rud nach do rinneadh riamh roimhe le òran Gàidhlig. Thug iad an-t-òran, An Ubhal As Àirde, dhan phrìomh chlàr 20 am Breatainn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha Runrig a-nis am measg an fheadhainn a chaidh a chur do Thalla Iomraiteach an Luchd-ciùil Traidiseanta, tro dhuaisean Ceòl Traidiseanta na h-Alba.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tràth ann an 2011, dh’ fheuch còmhlan ùr ‘Mànran’, le òran ‘Latha math’ ri na h-uimhir eile a dhèanamh ’s a rinn Runrig. Chaidh leotha gu ìre, suas gu àireamh 61 anns a’ chlàr am Breatainn, a’ reic faisg air 5,500 clàr.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Fhuair an còmhlan gu àireamh 1 ann an clàr nan seinneadairean/sgrìobhaichean Breatannach agus thadhail daoine air an làrach-lìn aig a’ chòmhlan 55,000 turas an latha an dèidh dhaibh fhoillseachadh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Ceòl Gàidhlig agus foghlam&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha Roinn a’ dèiligeadh ri Ceol na h-Alba ann an Conservatoire Rìoghail an h-Alba agus ’s e seo an aon àite anns an t-saoghal far am faighear ceum le urram ann an ceòl traidiseanta Alba.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gheibh oileanaich le tàlantan ann an ceòl cothroman trèanaidh farsaing a tha nan deagh bhunait airson a dhol air adhart gu ìre foghlaim eile, no airson ceòl a leantainn mar bhith-beò.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha ceum oilthighe ann am pìobaireachd ga thairgse an co-bhuinn ri Ionad na Pìobaireachd, aig a bheil seasamh is cliù eadar-nàiseanta mar phrìomh ionad-teagaisg na pìobaireachd.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bha &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.maryannkennedy.co.uk/"&gt;Màiri Anna NicUalraig&lt;/a&gt; na h-oileanach aig &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.rsamd.ac.uk/"&gt;Conservatoire Rìoghail an h-Alba&lt;/a&gt; agus tha i nis am measg prìomh luchd-ciùil agus craolaidh am Breatainn. Tha i a’ fuireach ann a Loch Abar far a bheil stiùidio ciùil Watercolour aice fhèin agus a cèile.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;An dèidh a foghlam ann an saoghal ciùil traidiseanta na h-Alba agus trèanadh clasaigeach, thug 15 bliadhna deug ag obair dhan BhBC eòlas is inbhe dhith ann an iomadach raon.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha saoghal ciùil Mhàiri Anna iomadh-fhillte, mar sheinneadair agus neach-ciùil, riochdaire, sgrìobhaiche agus neach-teagaisg. Choisinn i grunn dhuaisean ainmeil eadar-nàiseanta, nam measg Concours Internationale de l'Harpe Celtique agus an dà Bhonn Òr aig a’ Mhòd Nàiseanta.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mar chraoladair tha Màiri Anna air a bhith ag obair do BBC Radio Alba, BBC Radio 3, RTE agus BBC Radio nan Gàidheal. Tha i cuideachd air a bhith a’ lìbhrigeadh phrògraman telebhisein air BBA Alba, BBC2, TG4 agus BBC4, prògraman sònraichte mu cheòl an t-saoghail agus ceòl traidiseanta ann an Alba agus Èireann.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.jamesgraham.net"&gt;Seumas Greumach&lt;/a&gt; cuideachd air cliù a chosnadh dha fhèin mar shàr neach-ciùil an dèidh ceumnachadh à Conservatoire Rìoghail na h-Alba. Buinidh e do dh’Asainte agus thòisich e a’ frithealadh farpaisean aig Mòdan nuair a bha e glè òg.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha e nis aig àrd a chomais mar phìobaire agus mar sheinneadair. Chaidh fhoghlam mu òrain Ghàidhlig le Kenna Chaimbeul, a tha am measg an fheadhainn as cudromaiche ann an saoghal na Gàidhlig a thaobh a bhith ag ionnsachadh sgilean seinn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S e Seumas a ghlèidh an duais mar Òganach Ciùil Traidiseanta na Bliadhna aig a’ BhBC ann an 2004, a’ chiad fhireannach agus a’ chiad sheinneadair Gàidhlig a thog an duais.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bhuinig e am Bonn Òir aig a’ Mhòd Rìoghail Nàiseanta ann an 2007 agus bhon uair sin tha e air grunn CDan fhoillseachadh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Tachartasan coimhearsnachd&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S e sgoil shamhraidh airson dannsa agus ceòl a th’ ann an Ceòlas far am faigh daoine sàr oideachadh ann am pìobaireachd, fìdhleireachd, seinn, danns ruidhlichean is eile, dannsa ceum agus a’ Ghàidhlig.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.ceolas.co.uk/"&gt;Ceòlas&lt;/a&gt; stèidhichte ann am fìor choimhearsnachd Ghàidhlig ann an Uibhist a Deas. Tha an sgoil shamhraidh a’ rannsachadh gach ceangal eadar ceòl traidiseanta na h-Alba, òrain Ghàidhlig agus dannsa, agus aig an aon àm a’ toirt cothrom do dhaoine toileachas fhaighinn asta aig cèilidhean agus nan dachaighean.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Ceòl na Gàidhlig a-nis ‘cool’&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ann an 1999, mar thoradh air a’ bheairteas de cheòl traidiseanta a chaidh a bhrosnachadh le na Fèisean agus buidhnean eile, chuir Comhairle na Gàidhealtachd air adhart plana airson Ionad Sàr-mhathais le àitichean-fuirich a stèidheachadh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chaidh leis a’ phlana agus chaidh an t-Ionad Sàr-mhathais Nàiseanta airson Ceòl Traidiseanta - &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.musicplockton.org/"&gt;Sgoil Chiùil na Gàidhealtachd&lt;/a&gt; – air taobh siar Rois fhosgladh anns a’ Chèitein 2000 le taic airgid £500,000 bho Riaghaltas na h-Alba agus tuilleadh bho Chomhairle na Gàidhealtachd.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bha e cudromach gur ann air an taobh an iar a chaidh a stèidheachadh. Tha sgìre a’ Phluic, air taobh an iar Rois, mu choinneamh an Eilein Sgitheanaich, an teis-mheadhain coimhearsnachd a th’ air a bhith taiceil do cheòl traidiseanta agus cultar na Gàidhlig bho chionn fhada.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bha pròiseact a’ Phluic sònraichte am measg ionadan sàr-mhathais eile a chaidh a stèidheachadh aig an àm. Bha e ag amas air aon sheòrsa ciùil – ceòl traidiseanta. Bha aithne mar seo dhan cheòl na theisteanas air an dà chuid mar a bha fèill a-nis air, agus cuideachd mar a bhathas a’ cur luach air.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Fhuair an sgoil seachad air trioblaidean ionmhais ann an 2011 le taic a’ mhòr-shluaigh agus tha mòran dhen chloinn a chaidh troimhe a-nis air cliù a chosnadh dhaibh fhèin aig àrd-ìre ann an saoghal a’ chiùil gu proifeiseanta.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;                    &lt;script&gt;
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                    &lt;/script&gt;</dc:description><dc:publisher>The Open University</dc:publisher><dc:creator>The Open University</dc:creator><dc:type>Course</dc:type><dc:format>text/html</dc:format><dc:language>en-GB</dc:language><dc:source>Cànan nan Gàidheal - Gaidhlig_1</dc:source><cc:license>Copyright © 2016 The Open University</cc:license></item>
    <item>
      <title>6.3 Dannsa</title>
      <link>https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-6.3</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;Gu h-iongantach ’s d&amp;#xF2;cha, ’s e dannsa as lugha aig a bheil buaidh is follaiseachd de na se&amp;#xF2;rsaichean cur-seachad a th’ ann an saoghal na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig. ’S ann tro na geamaichean G&amp;#xE0;idhealach as fhe&amp;#xE0;rr as aithne dhuinn dannsa an-diugh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha cruth is dreach &amp;#xF9;r air dannsa an latha an-diugh seach mar bha, biodh sin mar thoradh air atharraichean a th&amp;#xE0;inig air deas-ghn&amp;#xE0;than, no air tighinn gu bhith nas coltaiche ri cluich is cur-seachadan chloinne.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A bharrachd air sin, leasaichear cuideachd diofar ghn&amp;#xE8; dannsa le leithid an airm a thug dreach gu math ainmeil is &amp;#xE0;raid air dannsa tro fhoillseachadh aig leithid Tat&amp;#xF9; R&amp;#xEC;oghail Airm Dh&amp;#xF9;n &amp;#xC8;ideann.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha dannsa G&amp;#xE0;idhealach air aithneachadh air feadh an t-saoghail mar th&amp;#xE8; de shamhlaidhean na h-Alba agus tha sin gu &amp;#xEC;re mh&amp;#xF2;ir ag &amp;#xE8;irigh &amp;#xE0; eilthireachd nan G&amp;#xE0;idheal agus mar a sgap iad gu s&amp;#xF2;nraichte anns an 19mh linn. Bha an Dannsa G&amp;#xE0;idhealach mar she&amp;#xF2;rsa de dh’acaire cultarail a bha ceangal dhaoine ris an t-seann dh&amp;#xF9;thaich agus na seann chleachdaidhean, mar a ch&amp;#xEC; sinn, mar eisimpleir, ann an Geelong, &amp;#xC0;str&amp;#xE0;ilia.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:450px;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;amp;extra=thumbnailfigure_idm13070384" title="View larger image"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/7e3d3baf/gaelic_1_fig065.small.jpg" alt="" style="max-width:450px;" class="oucontent-figure-image oucontent-media-wide"/&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-thumbnaillink"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;amp;extra=thumbnailfigure_idm13070384"&gt;View larger image&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 45 Dealbh as an &lt;i&gt;I&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;llustrated&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;London&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; News&lt;/i&gt; an 1857. Bha e an cois iomradh air na Geamachan G&amp;#xE0;idhealach an Geelong , Astr&amp;#xE0;ilia, air an cur air d&amp;#xF2;igh le Comunn na Feinne. Bha taisbeanaidhean agus farpaisean dannsa aig cridhe nan Geamachan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a id="back_thumbnailfigure_idm13070384"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Dannsa ceum an Canada&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ged nach lorgar dannsa ceum ach an Canada a-mh&amp;#xE0;in, tha tr&amp;#xEC; diofar she&amp;#xF2;rsaichean an sin fh&amp;#xE8;in: Stoidhle Cheap Breatainn, Stoidhle Frangach Chanada agus Stoidhle Ghlinn Mh&amp;#xF2;ir Ottawa. Tha na tr&amp;#xEC; a’ tarraing gu m&amp;#xF2;r air dualchas dhannsa na h-Alba agus na h-&amp;#xC8;ireann agus chaidh an toirt dhan d&amp;#xF9;thaich le eilthirich bho Gh&amp;#xE0;idhealtachd na h-Alba agus na h-&amp;#xC8;ireann.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha dannsa ceum luath, clis agus l&amp;#xF9;thmhor le taic mar as trice bhon fhidhill. Gu cunbhalach chan eil cus gluasad l&amp;#xE0;thair na l&amp;#xF9;ib agus ’s ann ag amas air gluasad coise le beagan de dh’oibreachadh l&amp;#xE0;imhe agus g&amp;#xE0;irdein a tha an dannsair.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mar as trice ’s ann air b&amp;#xF9;ird le c&amp;#xF2;mhdach cruaidh is c&amp;#xF2;mhnard a tha an dannsa a’ dol air adhart. Bidh br&amp;#xF2;gan &amp;#xE0;raid gan cleachdadh a r&amp;#xE8;ir an dannsa, le gliogairean s&amp;#xF2;nraichte ceangailte ri aghaidh agus c&amp;#xF9;l nam br&amp;#xF2;g. Cleas mar a tha a’ tachairt ann an dannsa G&amp;#xE0;idhealach agus dannsa na h-&amp;#xC8;ireann, tha farpaisean gan cumail an dannsa ceum a bharrachd air e bhith na dhannsa s&amp;#xF2;isealta na coimhearsnachd.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha ochd buillean gach ceum anns a’ chumantas anns an dannsa ceum. Ged a tha e san &amp;#xE0;bhaist a bhith a’ dannsa le cas dheas air adhart agus an uairsin a’ chas che&amp;#xE0;rr, gu math tric bidh dannsairean a’ dannsa gu cruthachail air an aon chois mas gluais iad air adhart chun ath cheum. Mar as trice tachraidh seo nuair a thathas a’ dealbh ceumannan ri p&amp;#xEC;os ci&amp;#xF9;il &amp;#xE0;raid.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha t&amp;#xF2;rr she&amp;#xF2;rsaichean dannsa ann. Tha iad uile le luaths, astar agus buillean fa-leth. Am measg nan dannsa tha ruidhlichean, sigichean, dannsa colgais, dannsa-deise, dannsa p&amp;#xEC;oba, dannsaichean slaodach br&amp;#xF2;ige-fiodha, polca agus dannsa d&amp;#xF9;bailte.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div id="idm18796656" class="oucontent-media oucontent-unstableid oucontent-media-mini"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-embedtemplate"&gt;&lt;iframe type="text/html" width="425" height="344" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/9bnbhlP7L-g?&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;fs=1&amp;amp;rel=0" frameborder="0"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-interaction-print"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-interaction-unavailable"&gt;Interactive feature not available in single page view (&lt;a class="oucontent-crossref" href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-6.3#idm18796656"&gt;see it in standard view&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Dannsa G&amp;#xE0;idhealach&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha &amp;#x2018;Dannsa G&amp;#xE0;idhealach’ a-nis air a chleachdadh mu dh&amp;#xF2;igh dannsa l&amp;#xF9;thmhor aon-neach a chaidh a chruthachadh ann an G&amp;#xE0;idhealtachd na h-Alba.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Aig Geamachan G&amp;#xE0;idhealach, tha pr&amp;#xEC;omh fharpaisean an Dannsa G&amp;#xE0;idhealach an teis-mheadhan ch&amp;#xF9;isean, a’ glacadh aire an t-saoghail agus a’ t&amp;#xE0;ladh dannsairean bho air feadh an t-saoghail. Tha an se&amp;#xF2;rsa dannsa seo gu math eadar-dhealaichte bho dhannsa aig c&amp;#xE8;ilidhean neo anns a’ choimhearsnachd.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Th&amp;#xE0;inig dreach an latha an-diugh air an Dannsa Gh&amp;#xE0;idhealach anns an 19mh agus 20mh linn, gu &amp;#xEC;re mh&amp;#xF2;ir ann an suidheachadh nan Geamaichean G&amp;#xE0;idhealach far a bheileas a’ dannsa ris a’ ph&amp;#xEC;ob-mh&amp;#xF2;ir. Na l&amp;#xF9;ib cuideachd tha structar mionaideach de bhritheamhachd agus deas-ghn&amp;#xE0;th l&amp;#xEC;bhrigidh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div id="idm18793232" class="oucontent-media oucontent-unstableid oucontent-media-mini"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-embedtemplate"&gt;&lt;iframe type="text/html" width="425" height="344" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/BbdqS51bHwE?&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;fs=1&amp;amp;rel=0" frameborder="0"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-interaction-print"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-interaction-unavailable"&gt;Interactive feature not available in single page view (&lt;a class="oucontent-crossref" href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-6.3#idm18793232"&gt;see it in standard view&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chan ionann an Dannsa G&amp;#xE0;idhealach agus dannsa d&amp;#xF9;thchail na h-Alba, a tha na dhannsa s&amp;#xF2;isealta (’s e sin dannsa le c&amp;#xE0;raidean no buidhnean) cleas dannsa se&amp;#xF2;mraichean b&amp;#xE0;l agus dannsa structarail – far a bheil p&amp;#xE0;tran gluasaid nan dannsairean na ph&amp;#xE0;irt cudromach – coltach ri dannsa ce&amp;#xE0;rnaig.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha cuid de Dhannsa Gh&amp;#xE0;idhealach ann ged-t&amp;#xE0; le freumhan ann an dannsaichean traidiseanta s&amp;#xF2;isealta. ’S e aon eisimpleir dhen sin an Ruidhle G&amp;#xE0;idhealach, ris an canar cuideachd Ruidhle Cheathrar, far a bheil buidhnean de cheathrar a’ dol bho cheumannan mu choinneimh a ch&amp;#xE8;ile gu dealbh de dh’ochd a shn&amp;#xEC;omh nan gluasad. Tha a’ mh&amp;#xF2;r-chuid de na Dannsaichean G&amp;#xE0;idhealach do dh’aon neach.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bu ch&amp;#xF2;ir a bhith mothachail cuideachd gu bheil Dannsa G&amp;#xE0;idhealach air a mheas mar sp&amp;#xF2;rs leis a’ bhuidhinn oifigeil SportScotland.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Dannsa le claidheamhan agus f&amp;#xE8;ilidhean&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha e coltach gu bheil seann laoich is gaisgich air feadh na Roinn E&amp;#xF2;rpa air a bhith a’ dannsa le claidheamhan fad linntean. Bha dannsaichean samhlachail agus an riochd sabaid agus suidheachaidhean bl&amp;#xE0;ir rim faotainn ann an traidisean agus beul-aithris na h-Alba.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Th&amp;#xE0;inig poileasaidh m&amp;#xF9;thchail Riaghaltas Bhreatainn an aghaidh cultar na G&amp;#xE0;idhealtachd gu &amp;#xE0;ird na teasaich ann an 1747 le Achd an Toirmisg, a’ casg fhireannach nach robh anns an arm bho bhith air an &amp;#xE8;ideadh le f&amp;#xE8;ileadh. Chaidh an Achd a chur an d&amp;#xE0;rna taobh ann an 1782 agus tr&amp;#xE0;th anns an 19mh linn chaidh tionndadh caran romansach a chur air cultar na G&amp;#xE0;idhealtachd le cuid.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:475px;"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/a7cefbf5/gaelic_1_fig119.jpg" alt="" width="475" height="286" style="max-width:475px;" class="oucontent-figure-image oucontent-media-wide"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 46 A’ foillseachadh pr&amp;#xEC;omh eileamaidean &amp;#x2018;cultar na G&amp;#xE0;idhealtachd’ ann an 1881, bha danns a’ faighinn pr&amp;#xEC;omhachas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Fhuair an tionndadh romansach taic r&amp;#xEC;oghail nuair a nochd an R&amp;#xEC;gh Se&amp;#xF2;ras IV air beulaibh an t-sluaigh le f&amp;#xE8;ileadh ann 1822; bho sin a-mach bha taic dhan fh&amp;#xE8;ileadh cinnteach.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Nochd a’ Bhanrigh Bhictoria &amp;#xF9;idh ann an cuid de ghnothaichean cultarail na G&amp;#xE0;idhealtachd leithid p&amp;#xEC;obaireachd agus dannsa, agus ’s ann aig an &amp;#xE0;m seo a thogadh &amp;#xF9;idh ann an dannsa aig na Geamaichean G&amp;#xE0;idhealach.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bha Dannsa G&amp;#xE0;idhealach aig cridhe nan Geamaichean bho th&amp;#xF9;s an &amp;#xF9;rachaidh, ach tric ’s ann airson britheamhan a riarachadh a bha na dannsaichean.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chaidh t&amp;#xF2;rr dhannsaichean eile a bha gu math nas sine a chall aig an &amp;#xE0;m seo seach nach robh feum orra ann an saoghal nam farpaisean.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha B&amp;#xF2;rd Oifigeil Albannach an Dannsa Gh&amp;#xE0;idhealaich (SOBHD), air a mheas mar bhuidheann-riaghlaidh an t-saoghail le t&amp;#xF2;rr de na cruinneachaidhean G&amp;#xE0;idhealach air feadh an t-saoghail agus cha mh&amp;#xF2;r a h-uile gin anns na St&amp;#xE0;itean Aonaichte. Tha Pr&amp;#xEC;omh Fharpais an t-Saoghail airson Dannsa G&amp;#xE0;idhealach air a chumail aig Geamaichean C&amp;#xF2;mhdhail bho 1934.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Dannsaichean G&amp;#xE0;idhealach&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h3 oucontent-heading oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Dannsa nan Claidheimh&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha e air aithris gun deach dannsa nan claidheimh a dhealbh le G&amp;#xE0;idheil &amp;#x2018;mar dheisealachadh deatamach airson gi&amp;#xF9;lain a’ chlaidheimh mh&amp;#xF2;ir&amp;#x2026;air a chleachdadh ann an cuid de dhannsaichean airson an s&amp;#xF9;bailteachd a shealltainn.’ (Logan, Seumas. The Scottish Gael td. 440)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bha seo a’ gabhail a-staigh dannsa os cionn d&amp;#xE0; chlaidheimh r&amp;#xF9;isgte air an c&amp;#xE0;radh tarsainn air a ch&amp;#xE8;ile, le dannsair a’ gluasad gu h-ealanta timcheall orra.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A’ c&amp;#xE0;radh chasan gu mionaideach eadar gach claidheamh, mar ann an &amp;#x2018;Gille Chaluim’, tha ceangal eadar na dannsaichean seo agus deisealachadh airson batal no mar dh&amp;#xF2;igh air buaidh bl&amp;#xE0;ir a chomharrachadh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha e air innse gum biodh cinn-feadhna ag iarraidh air s&amp;#xE0;r-dhannsairean nochdadh ron bhl&amp;#xE0;r airson Dannsa nan Claidheamh. Nan seachnadh na dannsairean na claidheamhan, bhiodh sin air fhaicinn mar fh&amp;#xE0;isneachd gur ann leotha a bhiodh am bl&amp;#xE0;r.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha ciall nas pragtaigeach airson an dannsa ri lorg ann an tr&amp;#xE8;anadh agus oideachadh seann stoidhlichean sabaid le claidheimh, nuair a bhiodh oileanaich a’ leasachadh an obair-coise le bhith a’ leantainn ph&amp;#xE0;train chrois-tarsainn, ce&amp;#xE0;rnagan agus triantain air an comharrachadh air an l&amp;#xE0;r.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div id="idm28247696" class="oucontent-media oucontent-unstableid oucontent-media-mini"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-embedtemplate"&gt;&lt;iframe type="text/html" width="425" height="344" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/LPuRkmAIdtc?&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;fs=1&amp;amp;rel=0" frameborder="0"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-interaction-print"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-interaction-unavailable"&gt;Interactive feature not available in single page view (&lt;a class="oucontent-crossref" href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-6.3#idm28247696"&gt;see it in standard view&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h3 oucontent-heading oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Am Fling G&amp;#xE0;idhealach&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S d&amp;#xF2;cha nach eil dannsa cho ainmeil ann ris a &amp;#x2018;Highland Fling’ a bha, a r&amp;#xE8;ir aithris, air a chleachdadh mar chomharradh buaidh aig deireadh bl&amp;#xE0;ir. Tha smuain eile (nach eil cho romansach) ag r&amp;#xE0;dh gu robhas ga dh&amp;#xE8;anamh ron bhl&amp;#xE0;r (cleas Danns nan Claidheamh), air mullach sgiath an t-saighdeir. Bhiodh stob ann an teis-mheadhain na sg&amp;#xE8;ith, agus bhiodh aig an dannsair ri chasan a chath gu c&amp;#xF9;ramach timcheall air, a’ leum agus a’ dannsa mas fh&amp;#xEC;or a’ feuchainn ri droch-spioradan a chumail air falbh. Chan fhaodadh an dannsair gluasad bhon aon &amp;#xE0;ite.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div id="idm28244704" class="oucontent-media oucontent-unstableid oucontent-media-mini"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-embedtemplate"&gt;&lt;iframe type="text/html" width="425" height="344" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/emCIxAJCe2g?&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;fs=1&amp;amp;rel=0" frameborder="0"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-interaction-print"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-interaction-unavailable"&gt;Interactive feature not available in single page view (&lt;a class="oucontent-crossref" href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-6.3#idm28244704"&gt;see it in standard view&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h3 oucontent-heading oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Ruidhle Thulaichean&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha e ri r&amp;#xE0;dh (ged ’s d&amp;#xF2;cha nach e an fh&amp;#xEC;rinn a th’ ann) gun do th&amp;#xF2;isich Ruidhle Thulaichean (ann am Beurla &amp;#x2018;The Reel of Tulloch’) nuair a bha coitheanal bainnse a’ feitheamh taobh a-muigh eaglaise air latha fuar. A r&amp;#xE8;ir na sge&amp;#xF2;il th&amp;#xF2;isichear a’ feadalaich fonn G&amp;#xE0;idhealach fhad ’s a bha cuideigin eile a’ dealbh dannsa.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha aithris eile nach eil cho c&amp;#xE0;ilear ag innse gun deach an dannsa a dhealbh le luchd-obrach a lorg claigeann anns an talamh aig caisteal agus a chluich se&amp;#xF2;rsa de bhall-coise leis. Car coltach ri sin tha sgeulachd eile a tha ag r&amp;#xE0;dh gu robh muinntir Thulaich dualach a bhith cluich ball-coise le ceann n&amp;#xE0;mhaid an d&amp;#xE8;idh bl&amp;#xE0;r.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha eachdraidh an &amp;#xF2;rain air a mh&amp;#xEC;neachadh ann an aiste &amp;#x2018;&lt;i&gt;The reel of Tulloch in fact and fiction&lt;/i&gt;’ mun bheul-aithris a tha ceangailte ris, agus an gnothach ris an canar C&amp;#xF9;is-mhulaid Thulaich, ri fhaighinn ann am p&amp;#xE0;ipearan Comunn G&amp;#xE0;idhlig Inbhir Nis (Leabhar LIX, duilleagan 118-128).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha an t-&amp;#xF2;ran ri lorg ann an co-chruinneachadh Mhic na Ce&amp;#xE0;rdaich, &amp;#x2018;An t-&amp;#xD2;ranaiche’ (1879).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table oucontent-s-normal oucontent-s-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table-wrapper"&gt;&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;Their britheamhan na t&amp;#xEC;re&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;The judges of this land&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;Ma labhras iad an fh&amp;#xEC;rinn&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Will say if you believe them;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;&amp;#x2018;De na thig de che&amp;#xF2;l &amp;#xE0; fidhlean&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;#x2018;When music comes from any fiddle&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;&amp;#x2018;S e r&amp;#xEC;gh dhiubh &amp;#x2018;Na Tulaichean.’&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;The Reel of Tulloch’s the King’.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h3 oucontent-heading oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Seann Triubhas&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha ceangal romansach eadar Seann Triubhas (no Seann Bhriogais) agus an casg a chaidh a chur air an &amp;#xC8;ideadh Gh&amp;#xE0;idhealach an d&amp;#xE8;idh ar-a-mach 1745. Tha m&amp;#xF2;ran chrathadh casan ann, mar shamhla air a bhith a’ cath na briogaise ghr&amp;#xE0;ineil. Tha na ceumannan mu dheireadh, nas luaithe buileach, a’ nochdadh g&amp;#xE0;irdeachas ri tilleadh na f&amp;#xE8;ilidh. Ach chan eil ceumannan an dannsa cho sean ri sin, leis a’ chuid as m&amp;#xF2;tha air an dealbh anns an 19mh linn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div id="idm18785344" class="oucontent-media oucontent-unstableid oucontent-media-mini"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-embedtemplate"&gt;&lt;iframe type="text/html" width="425" height="344" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/XVR6Z-4-2Vg?&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;fs=1&amp;amp;rel=0" frameborder="0"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-interaction-print"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-interaction-unavailable"&gt;Interactive feature not available in single page view (&lt;a class="oucontent-crossref" href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-6.3#idm18785344"&gt;see it in standard view&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cleas iomadach traidisean dannsa eile, tha an rud ris an canar an-diugh &amp;#x2018;Dannsa G&amp;#xE0;idhealach’ st&amp;#xE8;idhichte air caochladh she&amp;#xF2;rsaichean dannsa eile a bha a’ s&amp;#xEC;or atharrachadh a r&amp;#xE8;ir cleachdaidhean na h-ama agus beachdan air gnothaichean roimhe sin. Ged a bhiodh cuid de na h-eileamaidean ceudan bhliadhnaichean de dh’aois, tha cuid eile a tha m&amp;#xF2;ran nas &amp;#xF9;ire. Buinidh a’ mh&amp;#xF2;r chuid de dhannsaichean an latha an-diugh dhan 19mh linn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure oucontent-media-mini"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/12ba8639/gaelic_1_fig082.jpg" alt="" width="231" height="244" style="max-width:231px;" class="oucontent-figure-image"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 47 Tha Dannsa G&amp;#xE0;idhealach air a bhith a’ s&amp;#xEC;or atharrachadh thairis air &amp;#xF9;ine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h3 oucontent-heading oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Dannsa d&amp;#xF9;thchail&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha dannsaichean d&amp;#xF9;thchail na h-Alba air an roinn eadar ruidhlichean (nam measg dannsaichean p&amp;#xEC;oba), sigichean agus dannsa-deise a r&amp;#xE8;ir a’ chi&amp;#xF9;il. Tha a’ chiad dh&amp;#xE0; dhiubh sin (ris an canar cuideachd dannsaichean luath) air an comharrachadh le astar, gluasadan aithghearr agus be&amp;#xF2;thalachd. Tha an treas se&amp;#xF2;rsa (dannsa-deise) gu math nas slaodaiche agus nas fhoirmeil, st&amp;#xE0;iteil. Gheibhear cuideachd sigichean aig 9/8, minuets agus ualtsaichean ged nach eil an sin ach p&amp;#xE0;irt bheag de na th’ ann gu h-iomlan.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h3 oucontent-heading oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Dannsairean agus Seataichean&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha dannsa d&amp;#xF9;thchail na h-Alba ga dh&amp;#xE8;anamh ann an cumadh ris an canar &amp;#x2018;seataichean’. Mar as trice tha tr&amp;#xEC; no ceithir de ch&amp;#xE0;raidean anns na seataichean, ach ann an cuid de dhannsaichean tha feum air seataichean nas motha le c&amp;#xF2;ig, sia no barrachd ch&amp;#xE0;raidean. Bidh fireannach agus boireannach anns gach c&amp;#xE0;raid mar as trice, ach bidh boireannaich a’ dannsa le boireannaich agus fir le fir a-r&amp;#xE8;ir mar a bhios anns a’ chuideachd.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S e gnothach gu math c&amp;#xE0;irdeil agus in-ghabhalach a th’ ann an dannsa d&amp;#xF9;thchail na h-Alba. Tha e na thoileachas do mh&amp;#xF2;ran, de gach aois. Bidh buidhnean dannsa Albannach a’ taisbeanadh an comasan, a’ sealltainn gach taobh dhen dannsa aig f&amp;#xEC;or &amp;#xE0;rd-&amp;#xEC;re.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h3 oucontent-heading oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Dannsa D&amp;#xF9;thchail an latha an-diugh/Comunn Dannsa D&amp;#xF9;thchail Alba (SCDS)&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tr&amp;#xE0;th anns an 20mh linn, bha Dannsa D&amp;#xF9;thchail na h-Alba gu math cudromach ann an seadh s&amp;#xF2;isealta gu s&amp;#xF2;nraichte ann an sg&amp;#xEC;rean d&amp;#xF9;thchail, ged a bha an &amp;#xE0;ireamh de dhannsaichean ris an robhar eadar-dhealaichte. Bha dannsa d&amp;#xF9;thchail an cunnart a dhol &amp;#xE0; bith nuair a st&amp;#xE8;idhichear Comunn Dannsa D&amp;#xF9;thchail na h-Alba (SCDS) leis an amas a bhith a’ gleidheadh &amp;#x2018;dannsaichean d&amp;#xF9;thchail mar a thathas gan dannsa an Alba.’ Chan eil &amp;#xF9;ine mh&amp;#xF2;r sam bith bhon chaidh seo atharrachadh gu &amp;#x2018;dannsaichean d&amp;#xF9;thchail na h-Alba’.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Th&amp;#xF2;isich an SCDS a’ cruinneachadh agus a’ foillseachadh na bh’ air fh&amp;#xE0;gail de na dannsaichean agus gan ath-chruthachadh no ag &amp;#xF9;rachadh dannsaichean nach robhas a’ d&amp;#xE8;anamh. Mar ph&amp;#xE0;irt dhen obair, chaidh na dannsaichean agus mar a bhathar gan d&amp;#xE8;anamh anns na diofar sg&amp;#xEC;rean &amp;#xE0;s an deach an cruinneachadh, a shocrachadh gu cunbhalach.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chaidh inbhe R&amp;#xEC;oghail a bhuileachadh air a’ Chomunn ann an 1947 agus chaidh ainmeachadh mar &lt;span class="oucontent-linkwithtip"&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.rscds.org/"&gt;RSCDS&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; (a’ cur &amp;#x2018;R&amp;#xEC;oghail’ ris an ainm SCDS).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cha tug e fada sam bith an d&amp;#xE8;idh st&amp;#xE8;idh an SCDS gus an do th&amp;#xF2;isichear a’ cruthachadh dhannsaichean &amp;#xF9;ra coltach ris an fheadhainn roimhe sin, agus cuideachd ag &amp;#xF9;rachadh ch&amp;#xF9;isean tro dhannsaichean le innleachdan &amp;#xF9;ra.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;An-diugh tha barrachd air 11,000 dannsa cl&amp;#xE0;raichte, ach tha nas lugha na 1,000 dhiubh &amp;#x2018;traidiseanta’.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h3 oucontent-heading oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Dannsa Innse Gall&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S e ainm an &amp;#xEC;re mhath &amp;#xF9;r a th’ ann an &amp;#x2018;Dannsa Innse Gall’ agus tha e coltach gun deach a chleachdadh an toiseach aig F&amp;#xE8;ill Comann Dannsa agus &amp;#xD2;ran D&amp;#xF9;thchail Shasainn aig Talla R&amp;#xEC;oghail Albert, Lunnainn ann an 1934, nuair dh’iarradh air Fearchar MacN&amp;#xE8;ill &amp;#xE0; Barraigh dannsaichean bho Uibhist a Deas agus Barraigh a shealltainn. Tha d&amp;#xF9;il gun deach ainm Innse Gall a cheangal riutha airson an comharrachadh bho na dannsaichean G&amp;#xE0;idhealach eile air an robhas e&amp;#xF2;lach, agus cuideachd son an ceangal ris na h-Eileanan an Iar.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S iad na dannsaichean aon-neach a tha nis fon ainm &amp;#x2018;dannsaichean Innse Gall’, le barrachd air aon riochd de gach fear, Tulloch Gorm, Highland Laddie, Over the Water to Charlie, (Scotch) Blue Bonnets, Flowers of Edinburgh, First of August, Scotch Measure agus Aberdonian Lassie.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chan eil ach criomagan de na dannsaichean Jacky Jar, The Lads wi’ the Kilt, Over the Water and Over the Hill, Carraig Fhearghais, Over the Hills and Far Away agus Petronella rim faighinn an-diugh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chan eil fhios le cinnt sam bith c&amp;#xF2; &amp;#xE0;s a dh’&amp;#xE8;irich na dannsaichean sin ach tha fhios againn gu robh an t-s&amp;#xE0;r mhaighstir dannsa E&amp;#xF2;ghann MacLachlainn, (c. 1799-1879) gan teagasg mar bu trice do dhaoine ann am Beinn na Fadhla, Uibhist a Deas, &amp;#xC8;irisgeigh agus Barraigh, anns na meadhan 1800an.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha na dannsaichean, mar as aithne dhuinn an-diugh iad, gan l&amp;#xEC;bhrigeadh gu s&amp;#xE8;imheil agus ann an d&amp;#xF2;igh nas saor-thoilich na Dannsa G&amp;#xE0;idhealach, agus gu math tric cluinnear barrachd faram coise.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Anns na meadhan 1980an ghluais muinntir Bharraigh agus Uibhist a Deas a chaomhnadh dhannsaichean eagal ’s gun rachadh iad &amp;#xE0; bith. Bha cuid de dhaoine fhathast be&amp;#xF2; aig an robh e&amp;#xF2;las air na dannsaichean bhon &amp;#xF2;ige, an d&amp;#xE8;idh an ionnsachadh bho E&amp;#xF2;ghann MacLachlainn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chaidh na dannsaichean a thoirt air adhart an d&amp;#xE8;idh sin aig F&amp;#xE8;is Bharraigh agus fhuair &amp;#xF2;igridh ann an Uibhist a Deas agus Barraigh an cothrom an ionnsachadh bho dhaoine aig an robh iad bhon dualchas.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h3 oucontent-heading oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Dannsa &amp;#xF9;r nodha&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.creativescotland.com/"&gt;Alba Chruthachail&lt;/a&gt; a’ cuideachadh dannsa le taic a thoirt do bhuidhnean, togalaichean agus luchd-oideachaidh agus a’ feuchainn ri &amp;#xE0;ireamhan luchd-comp&amp;#xE0;irt fh&amp;#xE0;s. ’S e &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.scottishdancetheatre.com"&gt;Theatre Dannsa na h-Alba&lt;/a&gt; companaidh dannsa na d&amp;#xF9;thcha agus tha e air a mhaoineachadh le Alba Chruthachail.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-6.3</guid>
    <dc:title>6.3 Dannsa</dc:title><dc:identifier>Gaidhlig_1</dc:identifier><dc:description>&lt;p&gt;Gu h-iongantach ’s dòcha, ’s e dannsa as lugha aig a bheil buaidh is follaiseachd de na seòrsaichean cur-seachad a th’ ann an saoghal na Gàidhlig. ’S ann tro na geamaichean Gàidhealach as fheàrr as aithne dhuinn dannsa an-diugh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha cruth is dreach ùr air dannsa an latha an-diugh seach mar bha, biodh sin mar thoradh air atharraichean a thàinig air deas-ghnàthan, no air tighinn gu bhith nas coltaiche ri cluich is cur-seachadan chloinne.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A bharrachd air sin, leasaichear cuideachd diofar ghnè dannsa le leithid an airm a thug dreach gu math ainmeil is àraid air dannsa tro fhoillseachadh aig leithid Tatù Rìoghail Airm Dhùn Èideann.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha dannsa Gàidhealach air aithneachadh air feadh an t-saoghail mar thè de shamhlaidhean na h-Alba agus tha sin gu ìre mhòir ag èirigh à eilthireachd nan Gàidheal agus mar a sgap iad gu sònraichte anns an 19mh linn. Bha an Dannsa Gàidhealach mar sheòrsa de dh’acaire cultarail a bha ceangal dhaoine ris an t-seann dhùthaich agus na seann chleachdaidhean, mar a chì sinn, mar eisimpleir, ann an Geelong, Àstràilia.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:450px;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;extra=thumbnailfigure_idm13070384" title="View larger image"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/7e3d3baf/gaelic_1_fig065.small.jpg" alt="" style="max-width:450px;" class="oucontent-figure-image oucontent-media-wide"/&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-thumbnaillink"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;extra=thumbnailfigure_idm13070384"&gt;View larger image&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 45 Dealbh as an &lt;i&gt;I&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;llustrated&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;London&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; News&lt;/i&gt; an 1857. Bha e an cois iomradh air na Geamachan Gàidhealach an Geelong , Astràilia, air an cur air dòigh le Comunn na Feinne. Bha taisbeanaidhean agus farpaisean dannsa aig cridhe nan Geamachan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a id="back_thumbnailfigure_idm13070384"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Dannsa ceum an Canada&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ged nach lorgar dannsa ceum ach an Canada a-mhàin, tha trì diofar sheòrsaichean an sin fhèin: Stoidhle Cheap Breatainn, Stoidhle Frangach Chanada agus Stoidhle Ghlinn Mhòir Ottawa. Tha na trì a’ tarraing gu mòr air dualchas dhannsa na h-Alba agus na h-Èireann agus chaidh an toirt dhan dùthaich le eilthirich bho Ghàidhealtachd na h-Alba agus na h-Èireann.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha dannsa ceum luath, clis agus lùthmhor le taic mar as trice bhon fhidhill. Gu cunbhalach chan eil cus gluasad làthair na lùib agus ’s ann ag amas air gluasad coise le beagan de dh’oibreachadh làimhe agus gàirdein a tha an dannsair.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mar as trice ’s ann air bùird le còmhdach cruaidh is còmhnard a tha an dannsa a’ dol air adhart. Bidh brògan àraid gan cleachdadh a rèir an dannsa, le gliogairean sònraichte ceangailte ri aghaidh agus cùl nam bròg. Cleas mar a tha a’ tachairt ann an dannsa Gàidhealach agus dannsa na h-Èireann, tha farpaisean gan cumail an dannsa ceum a bharrachd air e bhith na dhannsa sòisealta na coimhearsnachd.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha ochd buillean gach ceum anns a’ chumantas anns an dannsa ceum. Ged a tha e san àbhaist a bhith a’ dannsa le cas dheas air adhart agus an uairsin a’ chas cheàrr, gu math tric bidh dannsairean a’ dannsa gu cruthachail air an aon chois mas gluais iad air adhart chun ath cheum. Mar as trice tachraidh seo nuair a thathas a’ dealbh ceumannan ri pìos ciùil àraid.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha tòrr sheòrsaichean dannsa ann. Tha iad uile le luaths, astar agus buillean fa-leth. Am measg nan dannsa tha ruidhlichean, sigichean, dannsa colgais, dannsa-deise, dannsa pìoba, dannsaichean slaodach bròige-fiodha, polca agus dannsa dùbailte.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div id="idm18796656" class="oucontent-media oucontent-unstableid oucontent-media-mini"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-embedtemplate"&gt;&lt;iframe type="text/html" width="425" height="344" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/9bnbhlP7L-g?&amp;hl=en&amp;fs=1&amp;rel=0" frameborder="0"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-interaction-print"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-interaction-unavailable"&gt;Interactive feature not available in single page view (&lt;a class="oucontent-crossref" href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-6.3#idm18796656"&gt;see it in standard view&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Dannsa Gàidhealach&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha ‘Dannsa Gàidhealach’ a-nis air a chleachdadh mu dhòigh dannsa lùthmhor aon-neach a chaidh a chruthachadh ann an Gàidhealtachd na h-Alba.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Aig Geamachan Gàidhealach, tha prìomh fharpaisean an Dannsa Gàidhealach an teis-mheadhan chùisean, a’ glacadh aire an t-saoghail agus a’ tàladh dannsairean bho air feadh an t-saoghail. Tha an seòrsa dannsa seo gu math eadar-dhealaichte bho dhannsa aig cèilidhean neo anns a’ choimhearsnachd.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Thàinig dreach an latha an-diugh air an Dannsa Ghàidhealach anns an 19mh agus 20mh linn, gu ìre mhòir ann an suidheachadh nan Geamaichean Gàidhealach far a bheileas a’ dannsa ris a’ phìob-mhòir. Na lùib cuideachd tha structar mionaideach de bhritheamhachd agus deas-ghnàth lìbhrigidh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div id="idm18793232" class="oucontent-media oucontent-unstableid oucontent-media-mini"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-embedtemplate"&gt;&lt;iframe type="text/html" width="425" height="344" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/BbdqS51bHwE?&amp;hl=en&amp;fs=1&amp;rel=0" frameborder="0"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-interaction-print"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-interaction-unavailable"&gt;Interactive feature not available in single page view (&lt;a class="oucontent-crossref" href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-6.3#idm18793232"&gt;see it in standard view&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chan ionann an Dannsa Gàidhealach agus dannsa dùthchail na h-Alba, a tha na dhannsa sòisealta (’s e sin dannsa le càraidean no buidhnean) cleas dannsa seòmraichean bàl agus dannsa structarail – far a bheil pàtran gluasaid nan dannsairean na phàirt cudromach – coltach ri dannsa ceàrnaig.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha cuid de Dhannsa Ghàidhealach ann ged-tà le freumhan ann an dannsaichean traidiseanta sòisealta. ’S e aon eisimpleir dhen sin an Ruidhle Gàidhealach, ris an canar cuideachd Ruidhle Cheathrar, far a bheil buidhnean de cheathrar a’ dol bho cheumannan mu choinneimh a chèile gu dealbh de dh’ochd a shnìomh nan gluasad. Tha a’ mhòr-chuid de na Dannsaichean Gàidhealach do dh’aon neach.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bu chòir a bhith mothachail cuideachd gu bheil Dannsa Gàidhealach air a mheas mar spòrs leis a’ bhuidhinn oifigeil SportScotland.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Dannsa le claidheamhan agus fèilidhean&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha e coltach gu bheil seann laoich is gaisgich air feadh na Roinn Eòrpa air a bhith a’ dannsa le claidheamhan fad linntean. Bha dannsaichean samhlachail agus an riochd sabaid agus suidheachaidhean blàir rim faotainn ann an traidisean agus beul-aithris na h-Alba.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Thàinig poileasaidh mùthchail Riaghaltas Bhreatainn an aghaidh cultar na Gàidhealtachd gu àird na teasaich ann an 1747 le Achd an Toirmisg, a’ casg fhireannach nach robh anns an arm bho bhith air an èideadh le fèileadh. Chaidh an Achd a chur an dàrna taobh ann an 1782 agus tràth anns an 19mh linn chaidh tionndadh caran romansach a chur air cultar na Gàidhealtachd le cuid.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:475px;"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/a7cefbf5/gaelic_1_fig119.jpg" alt="" width="475" height="286" style="max-width:475px;" class="oucontent-figure-image oucontent-media-wide"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 46 A’ foillseachadh prìomh eileamaidean ‘cultar na Gàidhealtachd’ ann an 1881, bha danns a’ faighinn prìomhachas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Fhuair an tionndadh romansach taic rìoghail nuair a nochd an Rìgh Seòras IV air beulaibh an t-sluaigh le fèileadh ann 1822; bho sin a-mach bha taic dhan fhèileadh cinnteach.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Nochd a’ Bhanrigh Bhictoria ùidh ann an cuid de ghnothaichean cultarail na Gàidhealtachd leithid pìobaireachd agus dannsa, agus ’s ann aig an àm seo a thogadh ùidh ann an dannsa aig na Geamaichean Gàidhealach.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bha Dannsa Gàidhealach aig cridhe nan Geamaichean bho thùs an ùrachaidh, ach tric ’s ann airson britheamhan a riarachadh a bha na dannsaichean.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chaidh tòrr dhannsaichean eile a bha gu math nas sine a chall aig an àm seo seach nach robh feum orra ann an saoghal nam farpaisean.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha Bòrd Oifigeil Albannach an Dannsa Ghàidhealaich (SOBHD), air a mheas mar bhuidheann-riaghlaidh an t-saoghail le tòrr de na cruinneachaidhean Gàidhealach air feadh an t-saoghail agus cha mhòr a h-uile gin anns na Stàitean Aonaichte. Tha Prìomh Fharpais an t-Saoghail airson Dannsa Gàidhealach air a chumail aig Geamaichean Còmhdhail bho 1934.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Dannsaichean Gàidhealach&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h3 oucontent-heading oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Dannsa nan Claidheimh&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha e air aithris gun deach dannsa nan claidheimh a dhealbh le Gàidheil ‘mar dheisealachadh deatamach airson giùlain a’ chlaidheimh mhòir…air a chleachdadh ann an cuid de dhannsaichean airson an sùbailteachd a shealltainn.’ (Logan, Seumas. The Scottish Gael td. 440)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bha seo a’ gabhail a-staigh dannsa os cionn dà chlaidheimh rùisgte air an càradh tarsainn air a chèile, le dannsair a’ gluasad gu h-ealanta timcheall orra.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A’ càradh chasan gu mionaideach eadar gach claidheamh, mar ann an ‘Gille Chaluim’, tha ceangal eadar na dannsaichean seo agus deisealachadh airson batal no mar dhòigh air buaidh blàir a chomharrachadh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha e air innse gum biodh cinn-feadhna ag iarraidh air sàr-dhannsairean nochdadh ron bhlàr airson Dannsa nan Claidheamh. Nan seachnadh na dannsairean na claidheamhan, bhiodh sin air fhaicinn mar fhàisneachd gur ann leotha a bhiodh am blàr.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha ciall nas pragtaigeach airson an dannsa ri lorg ann an trèanadh agus oideachadh seann stoidhlichean sabaid le claidheimh, nuair a bhiodh oileanaich a’ leasachadh an obair-coise le bhith a’ leantainn phàtrain chrois-tarsainn, ceàrnagan agus triantain air an comharrachadh air an làr.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div id="idm28247696" class="oucontent-media oucontent-unstableid oucontent-media-mini"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-embedtemplate"&gt;&lt;iframe type="text/html" width="425" height="344" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/LPuRkmAIdtc?&amp;hl=en&amp;fs=1&amp;rel=0" frameborder="0"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-interaction-print"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-interaction-unavailable"&gt;Interactive feature not available in single page view (&lt;a class="oucontent-crossref" href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-6.3#idm28247696"&gt;see it in standard view&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h3 oucontent-heading oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Am Fling Gàidhealach&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S dòcha nach eil dannsa cho ainmeil ann ris a ‘Highland Fling’ a bha, a rèir aithris, air a chleachdadh mar chomharradh buaidh aig deireadh blàir. Tha smuain eile (nach eil cho romansach) ag ràdh gu robhas ga dhèanamh ron bhlàr (cleas Danns nan Claidheamh), air mullach sgiath an t-saighdeir. Bhiodh stob ann an teis-mheadhain na sgèith, agus bhiodh aig an dannsair ri chasan a chath gu cùramach timcheall air, a’ leum agus a’ dannsa mas fhìor a’ feuchainn ri droch-spioradan a chumail air falbh. Chan fhaodadh an dannsair gluasad bhon aon àite.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div id="idm28244704" class="oucontent-media oucontent-unstableid oucontent-media-mini"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-embedtemplate"&gt;&lt;iframe type="text/html" width="425" height="344" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/emCIxAJCe2g?&amp;hl=en&amp;fs=1&amp;rel=0" frameborder="0"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-interaction-print"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-interaction-unavailable"&gt;Interactive feature not available in single page view (&lt;a class="oucontent-crossref" href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-6.3#idm28244704"&gt;see it in standard view&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h3 oucontent-heading oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Ruidhle Thulaichean&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha e ri ràdh (ged ’s dòcha nach e an fhìrinn a th’ ann) gun do thòisich Ruidhle Thulaichean (ann am Beurla ‘The Reel of Tulloch’) nuair a bha coitheanal bainnse a’ feitheamh taobh a-muigh eaglaise air latha fuar. A rèir na sgeòil thòisichear a’ feadalaich fonn Gàidhealach fhad ’s a bha cuideigin eile a’ dealbh dannsa.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha aithris eile nach eil cho càilear ag innse gun deach an dannsa a dhealbh le luchd-obrach a lorg claigeann anns an talamh aig caisteal agus a chluich seòrsa de bhall-coise leis. Car coltach ri sin tha sgeulachd eile a tha ag ràdh gu robh muinntir Thulaich dualach a bhith cluich ball-coise le ceann nàmhaid an dèidh blàr.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha eachdraidh an òrain air a mhìneachadh ann an aiste ‘&lt;i&gt;The reel of Tulloch in fact and fiction&lt;/i&gt;’ mun bheul-aithris a tha ceangailte ris, agus an gnothach ris an canar Cùis-mhulaid Thulaich, ri fhaighinn ann am pàipearan Comunn Gàidhlig Inbhir Nis (Leabhar LIX, duilleagan 118-128).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha an t-òran ri lorg ann an co-chruinneachadh Mhic na Ceàrdaich, ‘An t-Òranaiche’ (1879).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table oucontent-s-normal oucontent-s-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table-wrapper"&gt;&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;Their britheamhan na tìre&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;The judges of this land&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;Ma labhras iad an fhìrinn&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Will say if you believe them;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;‘De na thig de cheòl à fidhlean&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;‘When music comes from any fiddle&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;‘S e rìgh dhiubh ‘Na Tulaichean.’&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;The Reel of Tulloch’s the King’.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h3 oucontent-heading oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Seann Triubhas&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha ceangal romansach eadar Seann Triubhas (no Seann Bhriogais) agus an casg a chaidh a chur air an Èideadh Ghàidhealach an dèidh ar-a-mach 1745. Tha mòran chrathadh casan ann, mar shamhla air a bhith a’ cath na briogaise ghràineil. Tha na ceumannan mu dheireadh, nas luaithe buileach, a’ nochdadh gàirdeachas ri tilleadh na fèilidh. Ach chan eil ceumannan an dannsa cho sean ri sin, leis a’ chuid as mòtha air an dealbh anns an 19mh linn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div id="idm18785344" class="oucontent-media oucontent-unstableid oucontent-media-mini"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-embedtemplate"&gt;&lt;iframe type="text/html" width="425" height="344" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/XVR6Z-4-2Vg?&amp;hl=en&amp;fs=1&amp;rel=0" frameborder="0"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-interaction-print"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-interaction-unavailable"&gt;Interactive feature not available in single page view (&lt;a class="oucontent-crossref" href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-6.3#idm18785344"&gt;see it in standard view&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cleas iomadach traidisean dannsa eile, tha an rud ris an canar an-diugh ‘Dannsa Gàidhealach’ stèidhichte air caochladh sheòrsaichean dannsa eile a bha a’ sìor atharrachadh a rèir cleachdaidhean na h-ama agus beachdan air gnothaichean roimhe sin. Ged a bhiodh cuid de na h-eileamaidean ceudan bhliadhnaichean de dh’aois, tha cuid eile a tha mòran nas ùire. Buinidh a’ mhòr chuid de dhannsaichean an latha an-diugh dhan 19mh linn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure oucontent-media-mini"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/12ba8639/gaelic_1_fig082.jpg" alt="" width="231" height="244" style="max-width:231px;" class="oucontent-figure-image"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 47 Tha Dannsa Gàidhealach air a bhith a’ sìor atharrachadh thairis air ùine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h3 oucontent-heading oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Dannsa dùthchail&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha dannsaichean dùthchail na h-Alba air an roinn eadar ruidhlichean (nam measg dannsaichean pìoba), sigichean agus dannsa-deise a rèir a’ chiùil. Tha a’ chiad dhà dhiubh sin (ris an canar cuideachd dannsaichean luath) air an comharrachadh le astar, gluasadan aithghearr agus beòthalachd. Tha an treas seòrsa (dannsa-deise) gu math nas slaodaiche agus nas fhoirmeil, stàiteil. Gheibhear cuideachd sigichean aig 9/8, minuets agus ualtsaichean ged nach eil an sin ach pàirt bheag de na th’ ann gu h-iomlan.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h3 oucontent-heading oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Dannsairean agus Seataichean&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha dannsa dùthchail na h-Alba ga dhèanamh ann an cumadh ris an canar ‘seataichean’. Mar as trice tha trì no ceithir de chàraidean anns na seataichean, ach ann an cuid de dhannsaichean tha feum air seataichean nas motha le còig, sia no barrachd chàraidean. Bidh fireannach agus boireannach anns gach càraid mar as trice, ach bidh boireannaich a’ dannsa le boireannaich agus fir le fir a-rèir mar a bhios anns a’ chuideachd.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S e gnothach gu math càirdeil agus in-ghabhalach a th’ ann an dannsa dùthchail na h-Alba. Tha e na thoileachas do mhòran, de gach aois. Bidh buidhnean dannsa Albannach a’ taisbeanadh an comasan, a’ sealltainn gach taobh dhen dannsa aig fìor àrd-ìre.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h3 oucontent-heading oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Dannsa Dùthchail an latha an-diugh/Comunn Dannsa Dùthchail Alba (SCDS)&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tràth anns an 20mh linn, bha Dannsa Dùthchail na h-Alba gu math cudromach ann an seadh sòisealta gu sònraichte ann an sgìrean dùthchail, ged a bha an àireamh de dhannsaichean ris an robhar eadar-dhealaichte. Bha dannsa dùthchail an cunnart a dhol à bith nuair a stèidhichear Comunn Dannsa Dùthchail na h-Alba (SCDS) leis an amas a bhith a’ gleidheadh ‘dannsaichean dùthchail mar a thathas gan dannsa an Alba.’ Chan eil ùine mhòr sam bith bhon chaidh seo atharrachadh gu ‘dannsaichean dùthchail na h-Alba’.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Thòisich an SCDS a’ cruinneachadh agus a’ foillseachadh na bh’ air fhàgail de na dannsaichean agus gan ath-chruthachadh no ag ùrachadh dannsaichean nach robhas a’ dèanamh. Mar phàirt dhen obair, chaidh na dannsaichean agus mar a bhathar gan dèanamh anns na diofar sgìrean às an deach an cruinneachadh, a shocrachadh gu cunbhalach.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chaidh inbhe Rìoghail a bhuileachadh air a’ Chomunn ann an 1947 agus chaidh ainmeachadh mar &lt;span class="oucontent-linkwithtip"&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.rscds.org/"&gt;RSCDS&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; (a’ cur ‘Rìoghail’ ris an ainm SCDS).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cha tug e fada sam bith an dèidh stèidh an SCDS gus an do thòisichear a’ cruthachadh dhannsaichean ùra coltach ris an fheadhainn roimhe sin, agus cuideachd ag ùrachadh chùisean tro dhannsaichean le innleachdan ùra.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;An-diugh tha barrachd air 11,000 dannsa clàraichte, ach tha nas lugha na 1,000 dhiubh ‘traidiseanta’.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h3 oucontent-heading oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Dannsa Innse Gall&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S e ainm an ìre mhath ùr a th’ ann an ‘Dannsa Innse Gall’ agus tha e coltach gun deach a chleachdadh an toiseach aig Fèill Comann Dannsa agus Òran Dùthchail Shasainn aig Talla Rìoghail Albert, Lunnainn ann an 1934, nuair dh’iarradh air Fearchar MacNèill à Barraigh dannsaichean bho Uibhist a Deas agus Barraigh a shealltainn. Tha dùil gun deach ainm Innse Gall a cheangal riutha airson an comharrachadh bho na dannsaichean Gàidhealach eile air an robhas eòlach, agus cuideachd son an ceangal ris na h-Eileanan an Iar.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S iad na dannsaichean aon-neach a tha nis fon ainm ‘dannsaichean Innse Gall’, le barrachd air aon riochd de gach fear, Tulloch Gorm, Highland Laddie, Over the Water to Charlie, (Scotch) Blue Bonnets, Flowers of Edinburgh, First of August, Scotch Measure agus Aberdonian Lassie.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chan eil ach criomagan de na dannsaichean Jacky Jar, The Lads wi’ the Kilt, Over the Water and Over the Hill, Carraig Fhearghais, Over the Hills and Far Away agus Petronella rim faighinn an-diugh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chan eil fhios le cinnt sam bith cò às a dh’èirich na dannsaichean sin ach tha fhios againn gu robh an t-sàr mhaighstir dannsa Eòghann MacLachlainn, (c. 1799-1879) gan teagasg mar bu trice do dhaoine ann am Beinn na Fadhla, Uibhist a Deas, Èirisgeigh agus Barraigh, anns na meadhan 1800an.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha na dannsaichean, mar as aithne dhuinn an-diugh iad, gan lìbhrigeadh gu sèimheil agus ann an dòigh nas saor-thoilich na Dannsa Gàidhealach, agus gu math tric cluinnear barrachd faram coise.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Anns na meadhan 1980an ghluais muinntir Bharraigh agus Uibhist a Deas a chaomhnadh dhannsaichean eagal ’s gun rachadh iad à bith. Bha cuid de dhaoine fhathast beò aig an robh eòlas air na dannsaichean bhon òige, an dèidh an ionnsachadh bho Eòghann MacLachlainn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chaidh na dannsaichean a thoirt air adhart an dèidh sin aig Fèis Bharraigh agus fhuair òigridh ann an Uibhist a Deas agus Barraigh an cothrom an ionnsachadh bho dhaoine aig an robh iad bhon dualchas.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h3 oucontent-heading oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Dannsa ùr nodha&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.creativescotland.com/"&gt;Alba Chruthachail&lt;/a&gt; a’ cuideachadh dannsa le taic a thoirt do bhuidhnean, togalaichean agus luchd-oideachaidh agus a’ feuchainn ri àireamhan luchd-compàirt fhàs. ’S e &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.scottishdancetheatre.com"&gt;Theatre Dannsa na h-Alba&lt;/a&gt; companaidh dannsa na dùthcha agus tha e air a mhaoineachadh le Alba Chruthachail.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</dc:description><dc:publisher>The Open University</dc:publisher><dc:creator>The Open University</dc:creator><dc:type>Course</dc:type><dc:format>text/html</dc:format><dc:language>en-GB</dc:language><dc:source>Cànan nan Gàidheal - Gaidhlig_1</dc:source><cc:license>Copyright © 2016 The Open University</cc:license></item>
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      <title>6.4.1 B&amp;#xE0;rdachd</title>
      <link>https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-6.4.1</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;Tha dualchas farsaing agus beairteach aig a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig a tha a’ dol air ais iomadh linn ach ’s ann san leth-cheud bliadhna mu dheireadh gu h-&amp;#xE0;raidh a tha litreachas na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig air tighinn gu bhith air fhaicinn na ph&amp;#xE0;irt chudromach de litreachas na h-Alba san fharsaingeachd.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha b&amp;#xE0;rdachd Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig na 17amh linn nas cudromaiche airson an t-solais a tha i a’ cur air saoghal nan cinnidhean san t-seann Gh&amp;#xE0;idhealtachd na airson na b&amp;#xE0;rdachd fh&amp;#xE8;in. ’S e d&amp;#xE0;in molaidh do na cinn-feadhna a tha sa chuid mh&amp;#xF2;r dhi, b&amp;#xE0;rdachd &amp;#x2018;phoilitigeach’ ann an seadh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Anns an 18amh linn th&amp;#xF2;isich a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhealtachd a’ fosgladh a-mach dhan t-saoghal mh&amp;#xF2;r mar thoradh air mar a bha foghlam a’ leudachadh agus siubhal a’ f&amp;#xE0;s nas fhasa (gu h-&amp;#xE0;raidh &amp;#xE0;s d&amp;#xE8;idh Ch&amp;#xF9;il Lodair). Th&amp;#xF2;isich d&amp;#xF2;igh-beatha &amp;#xF9;r a’ tighinn gu bith a tha nas fhaisge air saoghal an latha an-diugh agus tha an t-&amp;#xF9;rachadh seo ri fhaicinn cuideachd sa bh&amp;#xE0;rdachd, sa bheil stoidhlichean &amp;#xF9;ra agus raon fharsaing de chuspairean a’ nochdadh, leithid b&amp;#xE0;rdachd n&amp;#xE0;dair &lt;span class="oucontent-linkwithtip"&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/alba/foghlam/larachnambard/poets/donnchadh_ban/am_bard/"&gt;Dhonnchaidh Bh&amp;#xE0;in&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, &amp;#xF2;rain gaoil &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/alba/foghlam/larachnambard/poets/uilleam_ros/am_bard/"&gt;Uilleim Rois&lt;/a&gt; agus aoirean a’ bh&amp;#xE0;ird Chataich, &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/alba/foghlam/larachnambard/poets/rob_donn/am_bard/"&gt;Rob Donn&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table oucontent-s-normal oucontent-s-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table-wrapper"&gt;&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;Rannan &amp;#xE0;s an eadar-theangachadh Bheurla aig Iain Mac a’ Ghobhainn air &amp;#x2018;Moladh Beinn D&amp;#xF2;bhrainn’ le Donnchadh B&amp;#xE0;n Mac an t-Saoir.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Greadhainn bu gheal c&amp;#xE8;ir,&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Faghaid air an d&amp;#xE8;idh –&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;’S laghach leam an sreud&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;A bha sr&amp;#xF2;ineiseach.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&amp;#x2026;..&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;’S aigeannach fear eutrom&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Gun mh&amp;#xF2;rchuis&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Th&amp;#xE8;id fasanta na &amp;#xE8;ideadh&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Neo-sp&amp;#xF2;rsail.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Tha mhantal uime fh&amp;#xE8;in,&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Caithtiche nach tr&amp;#xE8;ig –&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Bratach dhearg mar ch&amp;#xE8;ir&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Bhiodh mar ch&amp;#xF2;mhdach air.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;This image of the deer as the nobility of the glens is from Iain Crichton Smith’s free translation of Donnchadh B&amp;#xE0;n’s tour-de-force, &amp;#x2018;Praise of Ben D&amp;#xF2;rain’.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Herds with white rumps race -&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;hunters in the chase.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;O I love the grace&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;of these noble ones.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&amp;#x2026;..&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Spirited and delicate&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;and shy,&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;in fashionable coat&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;he goes by&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;in mantle well arrayed,&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;suit that will not fade,&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;dress of waxen-red&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;that he's wearing now.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chaidh gnothaichean caran s&amp;#xE0;mhach san &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/alba/foghlam/larachnambard/centuries/19mh/"&gt;19amh linn&lt;/a&gt; – linn a chunnaic m&amp;#xF2;ran bochdainn agus str&amp;#xEC; air a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhealtachd – ged a ch&amp;#xF9;m d&amp;#xF2;ighean-sgr&amp;#xEC;obhaidh b&amp;#xE0;ird mh&amp;#xF2;ra na 18amh linn a’ dol, tron linn seo agus suas gu ar latha-ne, ann am b&amp;#xE0;rdachd nam &amp;#x2018;b&amp;#xE0;rd-baile’ mar a theirear riutha (ged a bha sealladh nas fharsainge na sin aig cuid aca air an t-saoghal).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Th&amp;#xE0;inig ceum m&amp;#xF2;r ann an litreachas na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig ann an 1943 nuair a chaidh leabhar tana de bh&amp;#xE0;rdachd fhoillseachadh a thug litreachas na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig, ann an aon chruinn-leum, chun an aon &amp;#xEC;re ri litreachas Bheurla an ama. Chaidh aig Somhairle MacGill-Eain, &amp;#xF9;ghdar &lt;i&gt;D&amp;#xE0;in do Eimhir&lt;/i&gt;, air a’ chuid a b’ fhe&amp;#xE0;rr de dhualchas na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig a chur an l&amp;#xF9;ib na bha e air ionnsachadh &amp;#xE0; litreachas an t-saoghail agus air se&amp;#xF2;rsa b&amp;#xE0;rdachd tur &amp;#xF9;r a chruthachadh sa Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig. Agus rinn e seo le s&amp;#xF9;rd agus sunnd a thug buaidh air ginealaich de bh&amp;#xE0;ird &amp;#xE0;s a dh&amp;#xE8;idh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:350px;"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/2a82ff3d/sorley_maclean.jpg" alt="" width="350" height="200" style="max-width:350px;" class="oucontent-figure-image"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 48 Somhairle MacGill-eain&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bha d&amp;#xE0; she&amp;#xF2;rsa dleastanais a’ str&amp;#xEC; ri ch&amp;#xE8;ile ann am mac-meanmna MhicGill-Eain mar bh&amp;#xE0;rd, dleastanas pearsanta gaoil is teaghlaich agus, air an l&amp;#xE0;imh eile, an dleastanas poblach a bha air a riochdachadh dha le Cogadh S&amp;#xEC;obhalta na Sp&amp;#xE0;inne. Tha an imcheist seo air fhighe gu sgileil an l&amp;#xF9;ib chuspairean eile ann an &lt;i&gt;D&amp;#xE0;in do Eimhir&lt;/i&gt; gus sreath de dh&amp;#xE0;in a chruthachadh anns a bheil an d&amp;#xE0; chuid ealain agus faireachdainn aig s&amp;#xE0;r &amp;#xEC;re.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Airson an tuilleadh fiosrachaidh mu Shomhairle MacGill-eain agus a bh&amp;#xE0;rdachd cliog an &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/alba/foghlam/larachnambard/poets/somhairle_macgilleain/am_bard/"&gt;seo&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Am measg nam b&amp;#xE0;rd Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig eile a tha air cli&amp;#xF9; a chosnadh san leth mu dheireadh den 20amh linn agus san linn seo fh&amp;#xE8;in tha: Ruaraidh MacTh&amp;#xF2;mais, &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/alba/foghlam/larachnambard/poets/iain_crichton/am_bard/"&gt;Iain Mac a’ Ghobhainn&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/alba/foghlam/larachnambard/poets/aonghas_macneacail/am_bard/"&gt;Aonghas Macneacail&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/alba/foghlam/larachnambard/poets/catriona_nicgumaraid/am_bard/"&gt;Catriona NicGumaraid&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/alba/foghlam/larachnambard/poets/meg_bateman/am_bard/"&gt;Meg Bateman&lt;/a&gt; agus &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/alba/foghlam/larachnambard/poets/maoilios_caimbeul/am_bard/"&gt;Maoilios Caimbeul&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha Ruaraidh MacTh&amp;#xF2;mais air a bhith a’ sgr&amp;#xEC;obhadh b&amp;#xE0;rdachd Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig fad c&amp;#xF2;rr is tr&amp;#xEC; fichead bliadhna, ag atharrachadh dh&amp;#xF2;ighean-sgr&amp;#xEC;obhaidh agus chuspairean fad na h-&amp;#xF9;ine ach a’ gleidheadh nan sgilean a tha air ainm a chosnadh dha mar sh&amp;#xE0;r bh&amp;#xE0;rd, ’s e sin:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul class="oucontent-bulleted"&gt;&lt;li&gt;eanchainn th&amp;#xF9;rail, doimhneachd faireachdainn agus comas na dh&amp;#xE0; fhilleadh na ch&amp;#xE8;ile&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;saor-rannaigheachd a tha cho ce&amp;#xF2;lmhor ris na seann &amp;#xF2;rain Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;c&amp;#xE0;nan l&amp;#xE0;idir, ghlan&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;geurad agus eirmseachd ann an cainnt agus smuain.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chithear an eirmseachd sin san d&amp;#xE0;n a leanas.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table oucontent-s-normal oucontent-s-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table-wrapper"&gt;&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;Alba v. Argentina, 2/6/79&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;m&amp;#xEC;os &amp;#xE0;s d&amp;#xE8;idh Taghadh na P&amp;#xE0;rlamaid, 3/5/79&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Glaschu a’ cur thairis&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;le gr&amp;#xE0;dh d&amp;#xF9;thcha,&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;le&amp;#xF2;mhainn bheucach&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;air Sr&amp;#xE0;id an D&amp;#xF2;chais,&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;an Central&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;m&amp;#xF9;chte le breacan,&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;cop air Tartan bho mhoch gu dubh,&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;is m&amp;#xF9;n nam fineachan air a’ bhl&amp;#xE0;r;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;iolach-catha a’ b&amp;#xE0;thadh b&amp;#xF9;rail nam busaichean –&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Sco-o-t-land, Sco-o-t-land –&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Alba chadalach,&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;m&amp;#xEC;os ro fhadalach.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;Scotland v. Argentina, 2/6/79&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;a month after the General Election, 3/5/79&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Glasgow erupting&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;with patriotism,&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;growling lions&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;on Hope Street,&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;the Central&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;choked with Tartan,&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;foaming from dawn to dusk,&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;and clansmen’s piss on the battlefield;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;the battle-cry drowning the buses’ drone –&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Sco-o-t-land, Sco-o-t-land –&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;sleepy Scotland,&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;a month late.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Airson an tuilleadh fiosrachaidh mu Ruaraidh MacTh&amp;#xF2;mais agus a bh&amp;#xE0;rdachd cliog an &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/alba/foghlam/larachnambard/poets/ruaraidh_macthomais/am_bard/"&gt;seo&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha eisimpleir de obair a’ ghinealaich a th&amp;#xE0;inig &amp;#xE0;s d&amp;#xE8;idh MhicTh&amp;#xF2;mais ri fhaicinn anns an d&amp;#xE0;n &amp;#x2018;Marilyn Monroe’ aig Aonghas MacNeacail a gheibhear ann an &lt;a class="oucontent-crossref" href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-4.4.2"&gt;seo&lt;/a&gt; (&amp;#x2018;Carson G&amp;#xE0;idhlig?’).&lt;/p&gt;</description>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-6.4.1</guid>
    <dc:title>6.4.1 Bàrdachd</dc:title><dc:identifier>Gaidhlig_1</dc:identifier><dc:description>&lt;p&gt;Tha dualchas farsaing agus beairteach aig a’ Ghàidhlig a tha a’ dol air ais iomadh linn ach ’s ann san leth-cheud bliadhna mu dheireadh gu h-àraidh a tha litreachas na Gàidhlig air tighinn gu bhith air fhaicinn na phàirt chudromach de litreachas na h-Alba san fharsaingeachd.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha bàrdachd Ghàidhlig na 17amh linn nas cudromaiche airson an t-solais a tha i a’ cur air saoghal nan cinnidhean san t-seann Ghàidhealtachd na airson na bàrdachd fhèin. ’S e dàin molaidh do na cinn-feadhna a tha sa chuid mhòr dhi, bàrdachd ‘phoilitigeach’ ann an seadh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Anns an 18amh linn thòisich a’ Ghàidhealtachd a’ fosgladh a-mach dhan t-saoghal mhòr mar thoradh air mar a bha foghlam a’ leudachadh agus siubhal a’ fàs nas fhasa (gu h-àraidh às dèidh Chùil Lodair). Thòisich dòigh-beatha ùr a’ tighinn gu bith a tha nas fhaisge air saoghal an latha an-diugh agus tha an t-ùrachadh seo ri fhaicinn cuideachd sa bhàrdachd, sa bheil stoidhlichean ùra agus raon fharsaing de chuspairean a’ nochdadh, leithid bàrdachd nàdair &lt;span class="oucontent-linkwithtip"&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/alba/foghlam/larachnambard/poets/donnchadh_ban/am_bard/"&gt;Dhonnchaidh Bhàin&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, òrain gaoil &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/alba/foghlam/larachnambard/poets/uilleam_ros/am_bard/"&gt;Uilleim Rois&lt;/a&gt; agus aoirean a’ bhàird Chataich, &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/alba/foghlam/larachnambard/poets/rob_donn/am_bard/"&gt;Rob Donn&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table oucontent-s-normal oucontent-s-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table-wrapper"&gt;&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;Rannan às an eadar-theangachadh Bheurla aig Iain Mac a’ Ghobhainn air ‘Moladh Beinn Dòbhrainn’ le Donnchadh Bàn Mac an t-Saoir.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Greadhainn bu gheal cèir,&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Faghaid air an dèidh –&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;’S laghach leam an sreud&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;A bha sròineiseach.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;…..&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;’S aigeannach fear eutrom&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Gun mhòrchuis&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Thèid fasanta na èideadh&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Neo-spòrsail.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Tha mhantal uime fhèin,&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Caithtiche nach trèig –&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Bratach dhearg mar chèir&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Bhiodh mar chòmhdach air.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;This image of the deer as the nobility of the glens is from Iain Crichton Smith’s free translation of Donnchadh Bàn’s tour-de-force, ‘Praise of Ben Dòrain’.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Herds with white rumps race -&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;hunters in the chase.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;O I love the grace&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;of these noble ones.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;…..&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Spirited and delicate&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;and shy,&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;in fashionable coat&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;he goes by&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;in mantle well arrayed,&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;suit that will not fade,&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;dress of waxen-red&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;that he's wearing now.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chaidh gnothaichean caran sàmhach san &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/alba/foghlam/larachnambard/centuries/19mh/"&gt;19amh linn&lt;/a&gt; – linn a chunnaic mòran bochdainn agus strì air a’ Ghàidhealtachd – ged a chùm dòighean-sgrìobhaidh bàird mhòra na 18amh linn a’ dol, tron linn seo agus suas gu ar latha-ne, ann am bàrdachd nam ‘bàrd-baile’ mar a theirear riutha (ged a bha sealladh nas fharsainge na sin aig cuid aca air an t-saoghal).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Thàinig ceum mòr ann an litreachas na Gàidhlig ann an 1943 nuair a chaidh leabhar tana de bhàrdachd fhoillseachadh a thug litreachas na Gàidhlig, ann an aon chruinn-leum, chun an aon ìre ri litreachas Bheurla an ama. Chaidh aig Somhairle MacGill-Eain, ùghdar &lt;i&gt;Dàin do Eimhir&lt;/i&gt;, air a’ chuid a b’ fheàrr de dhualchas na Gàidhlig a chur an lùib na bha e air ionnsachadh à litreachas an t-saoghail agus air seòrsa bàrdachd tur ùr a chruthachadh sa Ghàidhlig. Agus rinn e seo le sùrd agus sunnd a thug buaidh air ginealaich de bhàird às a dhèidh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:350px;"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/2a82ff3d/sorley_maclean.jpg" alt="" width="350" height="200" style="max-width:350px;" class="oucontent-figure-image"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 48 Somhairle MacGill-eain&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bha dà sheòrsa dleastanais a’ strì ri chèile ann am mac-meanmna MhicGill-Eain mar bhàrd, dleastanas pearsanta gaoil is teaghlaich agus, air an làimh eile, an dleastanas poblach a bha air a riochdachadh dha le Cogadh Sìobhalta na Spàinne. Tha an imcheist seo air fhighe gu sgileil an lùib chuspairean eile ann an &lt;i&gt;Dàin do Eimhir&lt;/i&gt; gus sreath de dhàin a chruthachadh anns a bheil an dà chuid ealain agus faireachdainn aig sàr ìre.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Airson an tuilleadh fiosrachaidh mu Shomhairle MacGill-eain agus a bhàrdachd cliog an &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/alba/foghlam/larachnambard/poets/somhairle_macgilleain/am_bard/"&gt;seo&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Am measg nam bàrd Ghàidhlig eile a tha air cliù a chosnadh san leth mu dheireadh den 20amh linn agus san linn seo fhèin tha: Ruaraidh MacThòmais, &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/alba/foghlam/larachnambard/poets/iain_crichton/am_bard/"&gt;Iain Mac a’ Ghobhainn&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/alba/foghlam/larachnambard/poets/aonghas_macneacail/am_bard/"&gt;Aonghas Macneacail&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/alba/foghlam/larachnambard/poets/catriona_nicgumaraid/am_bard/"&gt;Catriona NicGumaraid&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/alba/foghlam/larachnambard/poets/meg_bateman/am_bard/"&gt;Meg Bateman&lt;/a&gt; agus &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/alba/foghlam/larachnambard/poets/maoilios_caimbeul/am_bard/"&gt;Maoilios Caimbeul&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha Ruaraidh MacThòmais air a bhith a’ sgrìobhadh bàrdachd Ghàidhlig fad còrr is trì fichead bliadhna, ag atharrachadh dhòighean-sgrìobhaidh agus chuspairean fad na h-ùine ach a’ gleidheadh nan sgilean a tha air ainm a chosnadh dha mar shàr bhàrd, ’s e sin:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul class="oucontent-bulleted"&gt;&lt;li&gt;eanchainn thùrail, doimhneachd faireachdainn agus comas na dhà fhilleadh na chèile&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;saor-rannaigheachd a tha cho ceòlmhor ris na seann òrain Ghàidhlig&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;cànan làidir, ghlan&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;geurad agus eirmseachd ann an cainnt agus smuain.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chithear an eirmseachd sin san dàn a leanas.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table oucontent-s-normal oucontent-s-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table-wrapper"&gt;&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;Alba v. Argentina, 2/6/79&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;mìos às dèidh Taghadh na Pàrlamaid, 3/5/79&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Glaschu a’ cur thairis&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;le gràdh dùthcha,&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;leòmhainn bheucach&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;air Sràid an Dòchais,&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;an Central&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;mùchte le breacan,&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;cop air Tartan bho mhoch gu dubh,&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;is mùn nam fineachan air a’ bhlàr;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;iolach-catha a’ bàthadh bùrail nam busaichean –&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Sco-o-t-land, Sco-o-t-land –&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Alba chadalach,&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;mìos ro fhadalach.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;Scotland v. Argentina, 2/6/79&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;a month after the General Election, 3/5/79&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Glasgow erupting&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;with patriotism,&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;growling lions&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;on Hope Street,&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;the Central&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;choked with Tartan,&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;foaming from dawn to dusk,&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;and clansmen’s piss on the battlefield;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;the battle-cry drowning the buses’ drone –&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Sco-o-t-land, Sco-o-t-land –&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;sleepy Scotland,&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;a month late.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Airson an tuilleadh fiosrachaidh mu Ruaraidh MacThòmais agus a bhàrdachd cliog an &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/alba/foghlam/larachnambard/poets/ruaraidh_macthomais/am_bard/"&gt;seo&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha eisimpleir de obair a’ ghinealaich a thàinig às dèidh MhicThòmais ri fhaicinn anns an dàn ‘Marilyn Monroe’ aig Aonghas MacNeacail a gheibhear ann an &lt;a class="oucontent-crossref" href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-4.4.2"&gt;seo&lt;/a&gt; (‘Carson Gàidhlig?’).&lt;/p&gt;</dc:description><dc:publisher>The Open University</dc:publisher><dc:creator>The Open University</dc:creator><dc:type>Course</dc:type><dc:format>text/html</dc:format><dc:language>en-GB</dc:language><dc:source>Cànan nan Gàidheal - Gaidhlig_1</dc:source><cc:license>Copyright © 2016 The Open University</cc:license></item>
    <item>
      <title>6.4.2 Rosg agus Dr&amp;#xE0;ma</title>
      <link>https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-6.4.2</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;Nochd an sgeulachd-ghoirid, an nobhail agus an dealbh-chluich sa Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig airson a’ chiad uair tr&amp;#xE0;th san 20amh linn ach cha t&amp;#xE0;inig na d&amp;#xF2;ighean-sgr&amp;#xEC;obhaidh sin gu &amp;#xEC;re chun nan 1960/70an. Tha iad air a dhol o neart gu neart on uair sin, ge-t&amp;#xE0;, agus chanadh cuid a-nise gur e an sgeulachd-ghoirid a’ phr&amp;#xEC;omh mhodh-sgr&amp;#xEC;obhaidh G&amp;#xE0;idhlig.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S e Iain Mac a’ Ghobhainn agus Iain Moireach an d&amp;#xE0; sgr&amp;#xEC;obhaiche sgeulachadan-goirid as ainmeile, agus as motha a sgr&amp;#xEC;obh, sa Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig. Tha sgeulachdan Mhic a’ Ghobhainn a’ gabhail a-steach raon fharsaing de chuspairean agus shuidhichidhean agus tha iad a’ sealltainn an &amp;#xF9;idh a tha aige ann am breithneachadh air ceistean domhain agus, cuideachd, cho sgileil is a tha e, mar fhear a tha nas ainmeile mar bh&amp;#xE0;rd, air l&amp;#xE0;imhseachadh &amp;#xEC;omhaighean agus c&amp;#xE0;nan.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha Iain Moireach anns na sgeulachdan aigesan a’ cur raon fharsaing de charactaran, shuidhichidhean agus phlotaichean inntinneach far comhair a bheir oirnn smaoineachadh agus tha e a’ gu h-&amp;#xE0;raidh sgileil air cleachdadh dh&amp;#xF2;ighean-sgr&amp;#xEC;obhaidh eadar-dhealaichte agus air Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig shi&amp;#xF9;bhlach, eirmseach a chur gu feum.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S e Fionnlagh MacLe&amp;#xF2;id agus P&amp;#xF2;l MacAonghais d&amp;#xE0; sgr&amp;#xEC;obhaiche dhealbh-chluichean G&amp;#xE0;idhlig. ’S e MacAonghais as traidiseanta den dithis. Tha MacLe&amp;#xF2;id nas ainmeile airson dealbh-chluichean goirid, samhlachail, leithid &amp;#x2018;Ceann Cropic’ a chaidh a shealltainn air telebhisean an 1976, ach tha e cuideachd air dealbh-chluichean nas traidiseanta a sgr&amp;#xEC;obhadh mar an t-sreath chloinne &amp;#x2018;Na Balaich air R&amp;#xF2;naidh’ a chaidh a chraobh-sgaoileadh air r&amp;#xE8;idio ann an 1968.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha sgr&amp;#xEC;obhaichean dr&amp;#xE0;ma air a bhith air am bacadh sa Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig o chionn bhliadhnaichean le d&amp;#xEC;th cothrom an cuid obrach a shealltainn air st&amp;#xE8;ids no tro na meadhanan agus tha e f&amp;#xEC;or mun sgeulachd-ghoirid cuideachd gu bheil sgr&amp;#xEC;obhaichean air a bhith air an cumail air ais bho sguir an t-iris &amp;#x2018;Gairm’ ann an 2002.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S ann san fhichead bliadhna mu dheireadh a th&amp;#xE0;inig an nobhail gu &amp;#xEC;re sa Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig, gu &amp;#xEC;re mh&amp;#xF2;r mar thoradh air an iomairt &amp;#x2018;&amp;#xD9;r-sgeul’ a chuireadh air chois le &lt;span class="oucontent-linkwithtip"&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.gaelicbooks.org"&gt;Comhairle nan Leabhraichean&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:510px;"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/68f8ff96/gaelic_1_fig058.jpg" alt="" width="510" height="398" style="max-width:510px;" class="oucontent-figure-image oucontent-media-wide"/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S e &lt;i&gt;An Oidhche mus do She&amp;#xF2;l i&lt;/i&gt; le Aonghas Ph&amp;#xE0;draig Caimbeul fear de na leabhraichean a thug &amp;#xD9;r-sgeul am follais. ’S e eachdraidh-teaghlaich a tha an seo a tha a’ leantainn seat de charactaran inntinneach tro shuidhichidhean mar na h-Eileanan, Glaschu agus an Sp&amp;#xE0;inn ri linn a’ Chogaidh Sh&amp;#xEC;obhalta. Tha sgr&amp;#xEC;obhadh l&amp;#xE0;idir san leabhar, beachdan inntinneach agus dealbh mhionaideach air suidhichidhean eachdraidheil: ann am meudachd, tha e a’ toirt gu aire an &amp;#x2018;Great American Novel’ - le neart agus laigsean a’ mhodh-sgr&amp;#xEC;obhaidh sin.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha Catriona Lexy Chaimbeul nas &amp;#xF2;ige, le d&amp;#xF2;igh-sgr&amp;#xEC;obhaidh nas aotruime ach tha ise cuideachd ar leth sgileil air cruthachadh charactaran agus phlotaichean agus tha d&amp;#xF9;il ri t&amp;#xF2;rr bhuaipe fhathast. Am measg nan sgr&amp;#xEC;obhaichean eile a nochd ann am pr&amp;#xF2;gram &amp;#xD9;r-sgeul tha: M&amp;#xE0;rtainn Mac an t-Saoir, Tormod Caimbeul agus Tormod MacIlleathain.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-6.4.2</guid>
    <dc:title>6.4.2 Rosg agus Dràma</dc:title><dc:identifier>Gaidhlig_1</dc:identifier><dc:description>&lt;p&gt;Nochd an sgeulachd-ghoirid, an nobhail agus an dealbh-chluich sa Ghàidhlig airson a’ chiad uair tràth san 20amh linn ach cha tàinig na dòighean-sgrìobhaidh sin gu ìre chun nan 1960/70an. Tha iad air a dhol o neart gu neart on uair sin, ge-tà, agus chanadh cuid a-nise gur e an sgeulachd-ghoirid a’ phrìomh mhodh-sgrìobhaidh Gàidhlig.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S e Iain Mac a’ Ghobhainn agus Iain Moireach an dà sgrìobhaiche sgeulachadan-goirid as ainmeile, agus as motha a sgrìobh, sa Ghàidhlig. Tha sgeulachdan Mhic a’ Ghobhainn a’ gabhail a-steach raon fharsaing de chuspairean agus shuidhichidhean agus tha iad a’ sealltainn an ùidh a tha aige ann am breithneachadh air ceistean domhain agus, cuideachd, cho sgileil is a tha e, mar fhear a tha nas ainmeile mar bhàrd, air làimhseachadh ìomhaighean agus cànan.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha Iain Moireach anns na sgeulachdan aigesan a’ cur raon fharsaing de charactaran, shuidhichidhean agus phlotaichean inntinneach far comhair a bheir oirnn smaoineachadh agus tha e a’ gu h-àraidh sgileil air cleachdadh dhòighean-sgrìobhaidh eadar-dhealaichte agus air Ghàidhlig shiùbhlach, eirmseach a chur gu feum.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S e Fionnlagh MacLeòid agus Pòl MacAonghais dà sgrìobhaiche dhealbh-chluichean Gàidhlig. ’S e MacAonghais as traidiseanta den dithis. Tha MacLeòid nas ainmeile airson dealbh-chluichean goirid, samhlachail, leithid ‘Ceann Cropic’ a chaidh a shealltainn air telebhisean an 1976, ach tha e cuideachd air dealbh-chluichean nas traidiseanta a sgrìobhadh mar an t-sreath chloinne ‘Na Balaich air Rònaidh’ a chaidh a chraobh-sgaoileadh air rèidio ann an 1968.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha sgrìobhaichean dràma air a bhith air am bacadh sa Ghàidhlig o chionn bhliadhnaichean le dìth cothrom an cuid obrach a shealltainn air stèids no tro na meadhanan agus tha e fìor mun sgeulachd-ghoirid cuideachd gu bheil sgrìobhaichean air a bhith air an cumail air ais bho sguir an t-iris ‘Gairm’ ann an 2002.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S ann san fhichead bliadhna mu dheireadh a thàinig an nobhail gu ìre sa Ghàidhlig, gu ìre mhòr mar thoradh air an iomairt ‘Ùr-sgeul’ a chuireadh air chois le &lt;span class="oucontent-linkwithtip"&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.gaelicbooks.org"&gt;Comhairle nan Leabhraichean&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:510px;"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/68f8ff96/gaelic_1_fig058.jpg" alt="" width="510" height="398" style="max-width:510px;" class="oucontent-figure-image oucontent-media-wide"/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S e &lt;i&gt;An Oidhche mus do Sheòl i&lt;/i&gt; le Aonghas Phàdraig Caimbeul fear de na leabhraichean a thug Ùr-sgeul am follais. ’S e eachdraidh-teaghlaich a tha an seo a tha a’ leantainn seat de charactaran inntinneach tro shuidhichidhean mar na h-Eileanan, Glaschu agus an Spàinn ri linn a’ Chogaidh Shìobhalta. Tha sgrìobhadh làidir san leabhar, beachdan inntinneach agus dealbh mhionaideach air suidhichidhean eachdraidheil: ann am meudachd, tha e a’ toirt gu aire an ‘Great American Novel’ - le neart agus laigsean a’ mhodh-sgrìobhaidh sin.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha Catriona Lexy Chaimbeul nas òige, le dòigh-sgrìobhaidh nas aotruime ach tha ise cuideachd ar leth sgileil air cruthachadh charactaran agus phlotaichean agus tha dùil ri tòrr bhuaipe fhathast. Am measg nan sgrìobhaichean eile a nochd ann am prògram Ùr-sgeul tha: Màrtainn Mac an t-Saoir, Tormod Caimbeul agus Tormod MacIlleathain.&lt;/p&gt;</dc:description><dc:publisher>The Open University</dc:publisher><dc:creator>The Open University</dc:creator><dc:type>Course</dc:type><dc:format>text/html</dc:format><dc:language>en-GB</dc:language><dc:source>Cànan nan Gàidheal - Gaidhlig_1</dc:source><cc:license>Copyright © 2016 The Open University</cc:license></item>
    <item>
      <title>6.4.3 Sgeulachdan agus &amp;#xF2;rain</title>
      <link>https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-6.4.3</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;’S e na seann &amp;#xF2;rain a tha air tighinn a-nuas thugainn sa bheul-aithris aon de na roinnean as pr&amp;#xEC;seile de dhualchas na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig. Tha fhios againn cuin a rinneadh feadhainn dhiubh oir tha tachartasan eachdraidheil air an ainmeachadh annta: mar eisimpleir, ’s e marbhrann boireannaich dha c&amp;#xE8;ile a tha anns an &amp;#xF2;ran &amp;#x2018;Griogal Cridhe’, a rinneadh nuair a bha Clann Ghriogair fo gheur-leanmhainn aig deireadh na 16amh linn. Gheibhear e air a sheinn le diofar dhaoine agus bhuidhnean air l&amp;#xE0;rach-l&amp;#xEC;n a’ BhBC, &lt;span class="oucontent-linkwithtip"&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/alba/oran/orain/griogal_cridhe"&gt;Bliadhna nan &amp;#xD2;ran&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;O chionn beagan bhliadhnaichean tha seinneadairean agus c&amp;#xF2;mhlain mar Runrig air a bhith a’ sgr&amp;#xEC;obhadh &amp;#xF2;rain ann an n&amp;#xF2;san &amp;#xF9;ra. Tha grunn de na h-&amp;#xF2;rain aig Runrig a chaidh a chl&amp;#xE0;radh le buidhnean eile, leithid &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/alba/oran/orain/cearcall_a_chuain"&gt;Ce&amp;#xF2;lraidh Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig Ghlaschu&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha dualchas beairteach de sgeulachdan sa Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig cuideachd: ’s e Popular Tales of the West Highlands aig Iain &amp;#xD2;g &amp;#xCC;le an cruinneachadh as ainmeile dhiubh. Chaidh feuchainn anns na bliadhnaichean mu dheireadh ri aithris sgeulachdan a thoirt air ais mar chleachdadh. Chan eil an iomairt seo air a bhith uile-gu-l&amp;#xE8;ir soirbheachail ach tha na sgeulachdan fh&amp;#xE8;in fhathast ann mar dhearbhadh, c&amp;#xF2;mhla ri na h-&amp;#xF2;rain, air neart an dualchais sa Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-6.4.3</guid>
    <dc:title>6.4.3 Sgeulachdan agus òrain</dc:title><dc:identifier>Gaidhlig_1</dc:identifier><dc:description>&lt;p&gt;’S e na seann òrain a tha air tighinn a-nuas thugainn sa bheul-aithris aon de na roinnean as prìseile de dhualchas na Gàidhlig. Tha fhios againn cuin a rinneadh feadhainn dhiubh oir tha tachartasan eachdraidheil air an ainmeachadh annta: mar eisimpleir, ’s e marbhrann boireannaich dha cèile a tha anns an òran ‘Griogal Cridhe’, a rinneadh nuair a bha Clann Ghriogair fo gheur-leanmhainn aig deireadh na 16amh linn. Gheibhear e air a sheinn le diofar dhaoine agus bhuidhnean air làrach-lìn a’ BhBC, &lt;span class="oucontent-linkwithtip"&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/alba/oran/orain/griogal_cridhe"&gt;Bliadhna nan Òran&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;O chionn beagan bhliadhnaichean tha seinneadairean agus còmhlain mar Runrig air a bhith a’ sgrìobhadh òrain ann an nòsan ùra. Tha grunn de na h-òrain aig Runrig a chaidh a chlàradh le buidhnean eile, leithid &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/alba/oran/orain/cearcall_a_chuain"&gt;Ceòlraidh Ghàidhlig Ghlaschu&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha dualchas beairteach de sgeulachdan sa Ghàidhlig cuideachd: ’s e Popular Tales of the West Highlands aig Iain Òg Ìle an cruinneachadh as ainmeile dhiubh. Chaidh feuchainn anns na bliadhnaichean mu dheireadh ri aithris sgeulachdan a thoirt air ais mar chleachdadh. Chan eil an iomairt seo air a bhith uile-gu-lèir soirbheachail ach tha na sgeulachdan fhèin fhathast ann mar dhearbhadh, còmhla ri na h-òrain, air neart an dualchais sa Ghàidhlig.&lt;/p&gt;</dc:description><dc:publisher>The Open University</dc:publisher><dc:creator>The Open University</dc:creator><dc:type>Course</dc:type><dc:format>text/html</dc:format><dc:language>en-GB</dc:language><dc:source>Cànan nan Gàidheal - Gaidhlig_1</dc:source><cc:license>Copyright © 2016 The Open University</cc:license></item>
    <item>
      <title>6.5 Spors agus Cur-seachadan</title>
      <link>https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-6.5</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;Tha st&amp;#xF2;ras pr&amp;#xEC;seil de gheamaichean agus chur-seachadan ann an Alba, agus anns na sg&amp;#xEC;rean G&amp;#xE0;idhealach cuideachd. Bha na geamaichean agus na cur-seachadan sin air leth cudromach ann am beatha dhaoine &amp;#xF2;ga, an d&amp;#xE0; chuid ann am bailtean agus a-muigh air an d&amp;#xF9;thaich.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Agus bha sp&amp;#xF2;rs agus cur-seachadan air leth cudromach do dh’&amp;#xF2;igridh mus t&amp;#xE0;inig rian is &amp;#xF2;rdugh air geamaichean aig deireadh an 19mh linn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gu math tric bha ceangal eadar sp&amp;#xF2;rs is cur-seachadan agus amannan &amp;#xE0;raid dhen bhliadhna leithid na Bliadhn’ &amp;#xD9;ire, Nollaig no l&amp;#xE0;ithean f&amp;#xE8;ille eile. Bhiodh geamaichean turchairt nam measg, agus geamaichean le sgilean &amp;#xE0;raid, farpaisean agus geamaichean buinig no call.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Air uair nochdadh taibhsean no bana-bhuidsichean; bhiodh f&amp;#xE0;isneachd air suirghe is p&amp;#xF2;sadh ann, cur gheall, str&amp;#xEC; neairt is sgilean, cluichean bhall agus dannsa.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bhiodh seinn tric na ph&amp;#xE0;irt de na geamaichean le co-sheinn is bualadh bhasan, agus tha a h-uile coltas ann gu robh seo na bhunait airson gu le&amp;#xF2;r de na h-&amp;#xF2;rain is fuinn traidiseanta a th’ againn a-nis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chaidh grunn chruinneachaidhean agus leabhraichean fhoillseachadh le cunntas air an raon farsaing de gheamaichean agus chur-seachadan a bh’ ann. Tha buidhnean leithid Comann a’ Bheul-Aithris agus Sgoil E&amp;#xF2;lais na h-Alba aig Oilthigh Dh&amp;#xF9;n &amp;#xC8;ideann air obair chudromach a dh&amp;#xE8;anamh a’ gl&amp;#xE8;idheil agus a’ tasgadh an st&amp;#xF2;rais phr&amp;#xEC;seil seo, le diofar riochdan gheamaichean agus chleachdaidhean bho air feadh na d&amp;#xF9;thcha.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha m&amp;#xF2;ran fiosrachaidh ri fhaotainn cuideachd mu gheamaichean agus chur-seachadan anns an 19mh linn ann an Cunntasan &amp;#xC0;ireamhachd na h-Alba.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha cunntasan air seann gheamaichean cuideachd ri fhaighinn aig &lt;span class="oucontent-linkwithtip"&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.tobarandualchais.co.uk/"&gt;Tobar an Dualchais&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-box oucontent-s-heavybox1 oucontent-s-box "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h3 oucontent-heading oucontent-nonumber"&gt;Bogsa 6 Taghadh de chur-seachadan agus geamaichean&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;h3 class="oucontent-h4 oucontent-basic"&gt;Cluich an taighe&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Air a chluich le tr&amp;#xEC; cearcaill 60 slat bho ch&amp;#xE8;ile; daoine a’ cruinneachadh an aon dhiubh; aon neach eile air an taobh a-muigh le ball. Tha an neach sin a’ feuchainn ris an fheadhainn eile a bhualadh leis a’ bhall nuair a tha iad a’ gluasad bho chearcall gu cearcall, gan comharrachadh mar &amp;#x2018;phr&amp;#xEC;osanach’.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 class="oucontent-h4 oucontent-basic"&gt;Stracair&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;G&amp;#xE8;am le buidhnean a’ feuchainn ri ball (ball-speil) a bhualadh le slacan agus a chur ann an toll anns an talamh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 class="oucontent-h4 oucontent-basic"&gt;Iomairt air a’ bhall&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha seo ga chluich le ball ga chath ris a’ bhalla le ainm fa-leth air gach cluicheadair; an uair a th&amp;#xE8;id ainm a ghairm, feumaidh an neach sin feuchainn ris a’ bhall a ghlacadh mus buail e an talamh; ma dh’fhaillicheas sin air a’ chluicheadair tha aca an uairsin ri teiche gun leigeil leis a’ chluicheadair leis a’ bhall a bha a’ feuchainn air a’ bhalla am bualadh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 class="oucontent-h4 oucontent-basic"&gt;Iomairt air a’ gheata&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;G&amp;#xE8;am eile le slacan no maide tiugh, dithis an aghaidh dithis. ’S e an t-amas maide beag a bhualadh agus a chur a-steach ann an &amp;#x2018;cailleach’ no toll; tha an dithis eile a’ d&amp;#xEC;on &amp;#x2018;a’ gheata’; thathas uaireannan a’ gabhail Cat agus C&amp;#xF9; no Cat agus Slacan air a’ gh&amp;#xE8;am seo.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 class="oucontent-h4 oucontent-basic"&gt;Iomairt air an Stainchear&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha seo coltach ris a’ gh&amp;#xE8;am air a bheil &amp;#x2018;rounders’ no &amp;#x2018;bases’ ann am Beurla agus ma dh’fhaoidte gu bheil an t-ainm a’ tighinn bhon Bheurla &lt;i&gt;stanchel&lt;/i&gt;, stanchion, no station, a’ ciallachadh &amp;#x2018;upright, support’. Tha an slacan air chumadh slacan criogaid agus am ball de shn&amp;#xE0;th air a thoinneamh timcheall air meadhan &amp;#xE0;rca.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Iomain&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Am measg nan sp&amp;#xF2;rs a th&amp;#xE0;inig gu &amp;#xEC;re agus air an deach rian a chur anns an 19mh linn, ’s e iomain no camanachd, a bu chudromaiche do na G&amp;#xE0;idheil.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha a h-uile coltas ann gun t&amp;#xE0;inig iomain a dh’Alba an toiseach c&amp;#xF2;mhla ri Cr&amp;#xEC;osdaidheachd agus G&amp;#xE0;idhlig bho chionn 2,000 bliadhna, le na miseanaraidhean &amp;#xC8;ireannach. R&amp;#xE8; &amp;#xF9;ine, thathas air a bhith a’ bualadh ball, no rudeigin coltach ris, feadh Bhreatainn gu l&amp;#xE8;ir, bho fhaicheannan r&amp;#xE8;idh nan Cr&amp;#xEC;ochan, monaidhean fuar Siorrachd York agus Blackheath ann an Lunnainn, gu saoghal &amp;#xE0;rainneachd gharbh Eilean Hiort far an do thadhail M&amp;#xE0;rtainn M&amp;#xE0;rtainn agus e air a thuras &amp;#xE8;ibheiseach timcheall air Innse Gall mu 1695.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-quote oucontent-s-box"&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#x2018;They use for their diversions short clubs and balls of wood; the sand is a fair field for this sport and exercise in which they take great pleasure and are very nimble at it; they play for some eggs, fowls, hooks and tobacco; and so eager are they for victory that they strip themselves to their shirts to obtain it.’&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Camanachd air feadh an t-saoghail&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha camanachd cho sean ’s a ghabhas agus chan eil taobh phroifeiseanta air le daoine ga chluich gu saor-thoileach. Thathas a’ d&amp;#xE8;anamh ceangal eadar camanachd agus goilf (ged nach eil sin uile gu l&amp;#xE8;ir buileach mionaideach) agus hocaidh air deigh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Lorgar cuideachd camanachd ann an &amp;#xE0;iteachan iongantach leithid raointean Mhontevideo ann am meadhan an 19mh linn, agus Toronto agus Roinn na Mara air taobh an ear Chanada.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chaidh a chluich aig &amp;#xE0;ird na teasaich aig a’ Bhliadhn’ &amp;#xD9;ir ann an Astr&amp;#xE0;ilia c&amp;#xF2;rr is 150 bliadhna air ais agus ann an Cape Town ann an Afraga a Deas agus air raointean cogaidh na Roinn E&amp;#xF2;rpa tron d&amp;#xE0; Chogadh Mh&amp;#xF2;r.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Anns an latha an-diugh, tha e fi&amp;#xF9; ’s ri lorg anns na St&amp;#xE0;itean Aonaichte far a bheil &amp;#xF9;idh anns a’ gh&amp;#xE8;am a’ f&amp;#xE0;s ann an cuid de che&amp;#xE0;rnaidhean.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure oucontent-media-mini"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;amp;extra=thumbnailfigure_idm12914688" title="View larger image"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/552801b6/gaelic_1_fig061.small.jpg" alt="" style="max-width:298px;" class="oucontent-figure-image"/&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-thumbnaillink"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;amp;extra=thumbnailfigure_idm12914688"&gt;View larger image&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 49 Iomradh air g&amp;#xE8;am iomain ann a’ Montevideo anns an &lt;i&gt;Inverness Courier&lt;/i&gt; air 13 An t-Iuchair 1842&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a id="back_thumbnailfigure_idm12914688"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;T&amp;#xF9;s na camanachd&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chan eil teagamh nach robhas a’ cluich camanachd (no leis an fh&amp;#xEC;rinn dreach eile dhen gh&amp;#xE8;am ris an canar sin an-diugh) bho linn nam p&amp;#xE0;ganach. Ann an Alba, ’s ann ann an Cl&amp;#xE0;ir Sheisein Eaglais Ghlaschu ann an 1589 as tr&amp;#xE0;ithe a lorgar cunntas air a’ chluich ris an canar an uairsin &amp;#x2018;schynnie.’ Tha am pios aig a bheil crois ag r&amp;#xE0;dh: &amp;#x2018;that nane be fund castand stanes w&lt;i&gt;i&lt;/i&gt;t&lt;i&gt;h &lt;/i&gt;in the kirkis zardes, or playing at futeball, goff, carrick or schynnie’.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure oucontent-media-mini"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;amp;extra=thumbnailfigure_idm12906544" title="View larger image"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/6d9cee6a/gaelic_1_fig062.small.jpg" alt="" style="max-width:300px;" class="oucontent-figure-image"/&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-thumbnaillink"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;amp;extra=thumbnailfigure_idm12906544"&gt;View larger image&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 50 Tha a’ chiad iomradh sgr&amp;#xEC;obhte air iomain ri lorg ann an Cunntasan Seisean Eaglais Ghlaschu airson 1589&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a id="back_thumbnailfigure_idm12906544"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ann an Leabhar Chomunn nam F&amp;#xEC;or Gh&amp;#xE0;idheal, a chaidh fhoillseachadh ann an 1881 leis a’ Chomunn sin, thathas a’ d&amp;#xE8;anamh dheth gur e camanachd &amp;#x2018;gun teagamh an sp&amp;#xF2;rs no cur-seachad Ceilteach as sine a ghabhas lorg&amp;#x2026;.. bho th&amp;#xF9;s air chall ann an ce&amp;#xF2; na h-eachdraidh&amp;#x2026;&amp;#x2026;agus chaidh a chluich le Noah e fh&amp;#xE8;in; agus ma chaidh, tha h-uile coltas gu robh Adhamh agus a mhic ris cuideachd.’&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:450px;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;amp;extra=thumbnailfigure_idm12900336" title="View larger image"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/6c23b4af/gaelic_1_fig064.small.jpg" alt="" style="max-width:450px;" class="oucontent-figure-image oucontent-media-wide"/&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-thumbnaillink"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;amp;extra=thumbnailfigure_idm12900336"&gt;View larger image&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 51 Camanachd mar a tha e air a dhealbh ann an Leabhar Chomunn nam F&amp;#xEC;or Gh&amp;#xE0;idheal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a id="back_thumbnailfigure_idm12900336"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Am facal &amp;#x2018;shinty’&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bu ch&amp;#xF2;ir ciall an fhacail &amp;#x2018;shinty’ a mh&amp;#xEC;neachadh. Thathas a’ cleachdadh iomain, agus an d&amp;#xE8;idh sin camanachd, ann an G&amp;#xE0;idhlig, d&amp;#xE0; fhacal a tha a’ comharrachadh &amp;#x2018;driving’. Chan eil freumhan an fhacail &amp;#x2018;Shinty’ (no a leithid shindy, shinnie, shindig a tha cuideachd a’ nochdadh), idir cho soilleir. Tha a’ mh&amp;#xF2;r-chuid dhen bharail gur ann bhon fhacal G&amp;#xE0;idhlig &lt;i&gt;s&amp;#xEC;nteag&lt;/i&gt;, a’ ciallachadh cruinn-leum, &amp;#x2018;leap, bound’, a tha e. Tha shinnie, (timcheall air 1600) a-r&amp;#xE8;ir coltais nas sine na shintie, a th&amp;#xE0;inig gu cleachdadh mu 100 bliadhna an d&amp;#xE8;idh sin.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Camanachd aig amannan f&amp;#xE8;ille&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cha robh tachartas sam bith nas cudromaiche an co-cheangal ri &amp;#xE0;m na Bliadhn’ &amp;#xD9;ire na G&amp;#xE8;am na Camanachd. Gu math tric bhiodh baraille de dh’uisge-beatha mar dhuais. Bhiodh na farpaisean gan cluich eadar d&amp;#xE0; pharaiste no barrachd, agus cha bhiodh smachd sam bith air an &amp;#xE0;ireamh a bhiodh a’ gabhail p&amp;#xE0;irt bho mhoch gu dubh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha e ri aithris air uair gum biodh suas gu 2,000 an l&amp;#xE0;thair. Chuireadh an t-uachdaran togsaid dhen stuth a b’ fhe&amp;#xE0;rr air adhart mar dhuais.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S ann ann am faclairean as motha a gheibhear a-mach eachdraidh agus sloinneadh na camanachd. Anns an fhaclair ainmeil aig Jamieson air a’ Ch&amp;#xE0;nan Albais, lorgar camanachd eadar &lt;i&gt;Shinnock&lt;/i&gt; agus &lt;i&gt;Shiolag&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Nas iongantaiche ge-t&amp;#xE0;, tha Faclair Dualchainnt Shasainn (EDD) a’ cl&amp;#xE0;radh &lt;i&gt;shinham&lt;/i&gt; ann an Ceann a Tuath Shasainn, &lt;i&gt;shinnins&lt;/i&gt; agus &lt;i&gt;shinnop&lt;/i&gt; ann an Siorrachd York, &lt;i&gt;shinny&lt;/i&gt; agus &lt;i&gt;shinty&lt;/i&gt; air feadh a’ chinn a tuath ann an Sasainn gu cunbhalach, agus cho fada deas ri Siorrachdan Lincoln, Nottingham agus Gloucester. Tha EDD ag innse gu robhas ri camanachd (shinty) ann an Cumberland cho anmoch ri 1888, nuair a chaidh c&amp;#xE0;in a chur air dithis ghillean a bha ris a’ gh&amp;#xE8;aim air an t-sr&amp;#xE0;id agus chaidh an treas fear &amp;#x2018;a shaoradh, an d&amp;#xE8;idh a chuipeadh le ph&amp;#xE0;rant.’&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Camanachd am measg a’ mh&amp;#xF2;r-shluaigh&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bha camanachd nas bitheanta na bhith d&amp;#xEC;reach mar dh&amp;#xF2;igh aig uachdaran air a bhith a’ d&amp;#xEC;oladh an cuid. Anns an iris &lt;i&gt;The Penny Magazine&lt;/i&gt;, a chaidh fhoillseachadh le Comunn Sgaoilidh an E&amp;#xF2;lais a tha Feumail, air Faoilleach 31, 1835, tha dealbh a tha gu math feumail agus fiosrachail airson suidheachadh na camanachd aig an &amp;#xE0;m a thuigsinn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure oucontent-media-mini"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;amp;extra=thumbnailfigure_idm12885216" title="View larger image"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/3e387279/gaelic_1_fig063.small.jpg" alt="" style="max-width:335px;" class="oucontent-figure-image"/&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-thumbnaillink"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;amp;extra=thumbnailfigure_idm12885216"&gt;View larger image&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber oucontent-caption-placeholder"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a id="back_thumbnailfigure_idm12885216"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Camanachd thar Cr&amp;#xEC;ochan na h-Alba&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cha b’ ann a-mh&amp;#xE0;in air a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhealtachd, no fi&amp;#xF9; taobh a-staigh na h-Alba a bhathas ri camanachd. Chaidh a’ chiad bhuidheann a st&amp;#xE8;idheachadh ann an Sasainn, leis an ainm Cottonopolis, ann am Manchester, agus bha iadsan a’ cluich ron D&amp;#xF9;bhlachd, 1875.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha duilleagan a’ ph&amp;#xE0;ipeir-naidheachd &lt;i&gt;An G&amp;#xE0;idheal&lt;/i&gt; - &lt;i&gt;The Highlander&lt;/i&gt; - gu h-&amp;#xE0;raidh anns na 1870an agus tr&amp;#xE0;th anns na 1880an nas coltaiche ri cunntas air saoghal Pr&amp;#xEC;omh L&amp;#xEC;og bhall-coise Shasainn an latha an-diugh le aithrisean a’ nochdadh air geamaichean anns a bheil leithid Birmingham, Manchester Camanachd, Old Trafford, Comunn Camanachd G&amp;#xE0;idhealach Lunnainn, Cottonopolis, Bolton, Nottingham Forest agus Stamford Bridge (an raon aig Chelsea) a’ cluich.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bha daoine nam boil ri camanachd air d&amp;#xE0; thaobh nan Cr&amp;#xEC;ochan agus air feadh an t-saoghail bho Afraga a Deas gu Astr&amp;#xE0;ilia agus Sealan Nuadh; bho Thoronto ann an Canada gu New York anns na St&amp;#xE0;itean Aonaichte far an deach buidheann a st&amp;#xE8;idheachadh ann an 1903.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Agus ann an Astr&amp;#xE0;ilia, ’s e an dearbhadh as fhe&amp;#xE0;rr a th’againn gu robh an g&amp;#xE8;am an sin, dealbh a chaidh a tharraing le Albannach, Iain Rae, ann an 1842.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:495px;"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/7d55da0c/gaelic_1_fig091.jpg" alt="" width="495" height="363" style="max-width:495px;" class="oucontent-figure-image oucontent-media-wide"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 52 Iomain ann a Sydney1840 le Iain Rae&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha a h-uile coltas ann gu bheil camanachd ga chluich anns an dealbh seo. R&amp;#xE0;inig Rae Astr&amp;#xE0;ilia bho Alba anns an D&amp;#xF9;bhlachd 1839, d&amp;#xEC;reach bliadhna an d&amp;#xE8;idh dhan bh&amp;#xE0;ta &lt;i&gt;St George&lt;/i&gt;, an t-&amp;#xD2;ban fh&amp;#xE0;gail, luma-l&amp;#xE0;n le eilthirich &amp;#xE0; B&amp;#xE0;ideaneach agus sg&amp;#xEC;rean eile dhen Gh&amp;#xE0;idhealtachd. Seo an turas mun deach an t-&amp;#xF2;ran ainmeil &lt;i&gt;Guma sl&amp;#xE0;n do na fearaibh&lt;/i&gt; a sgr&amp;#xEC;obhadh. Seo mar a tha na facail anns an leabhar aig T&amp;#xF2;mas Sinton, The &lt;i&gt;Poet&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;ry &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;of Badenoch,&lt;/i&gt; Inbhirnis 1906:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table oucontent-s-normal oucontent-s-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table-wrapper"&gt;&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gu 'm a sl&amp;#xE0;n do na fearaibh&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Th&amp;#xE8;id thairis a' chuan&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Gu talamh a' gheallaidh,&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Far nach fairich iad fuachd.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Gu 'm a sl&amp;#xE0;n etc.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Gu 'm a sl&amp;#xE0;n do na mn&amp;#xE0;than&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Nach cluinnear an gearan,&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;'S ann th&amp;#xE8;id iad gu smearail,&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;'G ar leantuinn thar 'chuan;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Gu 'm a sl&amp;#xE0;n etc.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;'Us na n&amp;#xEC;ghneagan b&amp;#xF2;idheach,&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;A dh'fhalbhas leinn c&amp;#xF2;mhladh,&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Gheibh daoine ri'm p&amp;#xF2;sadh,&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;A chuireas &amp;#xF2;r 'nan d&amp;#xE0; chluais.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Gu 'm a sl&amp;#xE0;n etc.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;A health to the fellows,&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Who’ll cross o’er the sea!&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;To the country of promise,&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Where no cold they will feel.-&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;A health to the fellows,&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Who’ll cross o’er the sea!&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;A health to the goodwives!&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;We’ll hear no complaining;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;They’ll follow us heartily&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Over the sea.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;And the beautiful maidens&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Going with us together,-&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;They’ll get husbands to marry,&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Who’ll give ear-rings of gold.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Camanachd ann an Astr&amp;#xE0;ilia&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chan eil e na iongnadh sam bith le sin gu bheil sinn a’ lorg na camanachd ann an Geelong, Bhictoria, far an deach &amp;#x2018;Comunn na F&amp;#xE8;inne’ a st&amp;#xE8;idheachadh le G&amp;#xE0;idheil airson an cleachdaidhean a chumail suas. Mhair an Comunn seo bho na 1850an gu na 1940an agus bha camanachd Bliadhn’ &amp;#xD9;ire an teis-meadhain nan co-chruinneachaidhean, gu h-&amp;#xE0;raidh aig toiseach gnothaich.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Cr&amp;#xEC;onadh na Camanachd&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Thathas a’ d&amp;#xE8;anamh dheth gu robh camanachd air cr&amp;#xEC;onadh agus air tarraing air ais gu G&amp;#xE0;idhealtachd na h-Alba ron 19mh linn. An uairsin chaidh a thilleadh gu meadhan na d&amp;#xF9;thcha leis a’ mh&amp;#xF2;r-shluagh a bha air imrich aig &amp;#xE0;m nam Fuadaichean.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bha clann aig Lannraig &amp;#xD9;r ris a’ gh&amp;#xE8;am agus bha buidheann &amp;#xE8;asgaidh ann an Gleann M&amp;#xF2;r L&amp;#xEC;obhainn anns na 1870an.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chan eil teagamh nach iad na G&amp;#xE0;idheil bho dheas (taobh thall nan Cr&amp;#xEC;ochan) a bha a’ cluich ann an t&amp;#xF2;rr de na geamaichean a bh’ ann an Glaschu agus D&amp;#xF9;n &amp;#xC8;ideann (agus nas fhaide air falbh) bho na 1870an air adhart.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ch&amp;#xEC; sinn cuideachd cho tr&amp;#xE0;th ri 1816 gu robh buill Comunn Goilf aig Raon Bhruntsfield ann an D&amp;#xF9;n &amp;#xC8;ideann a’ gearain cho cunnartach ’s a bha c&amp;#xF9;isean an sin le cluich na camanachd.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha gu le&amp;#xF2;r fianais againn ann an dealbhan gu robh camanachd am measg an t-sluaigh an D&amp;#xF9;n &amp;#xC8;ideann aig an &amp;#xE0;m. Tha dealbh m&amp;#xF2;r le peanta-uisgeach a rinn Te&amp;#xE0;rlach Altamont Doyle (1832-93), agus a th’ air a chumail anns an Taigh-Tasgaidh R&amp;#xEC;oghail ann an D&amp;#xF9;n &amp;#xC8;ideann, a’ sealltainn Loch Duddingston anns a’ phr&amp;#xEC;omh bhaile. Am measg na th’ anns an dealbh tha seallaidhean air tr&amp;#xEC; sp&amp;#xF2;rsan – camanachd, curladh agus br&amp;#xF2;g-sp&amp;#xE8;ilidh. A r&amp;#xE8;ir aithrisean ph&amp;#xE0;ipear-naidheachd aig an &amp;#xE0;m, ’s d&amp;#xF2;cha gu robh suas gu 6,000 an l&amp;#xE0;thair.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:450px;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;amp;extra=thumbnailfigure_idm12850176" title="View larger image"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/23b47fa9/gaelic_1_fig067.small.jpg" alt="" style="max-width:450px;" class="oucontent-figure-image oucontent-media-wide"/&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-thumbnaillink"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;amp;extra=thumbnailfigure_idm12850176"&gt;View larger image&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 53 Iomain air Loch Duddingston le Te&amp;#xE0;rlach Altamont Doyle (1832-93)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a id="back_thumbnailfigure_idm12850176"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Camanachd anns na h-Oilthighean&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chan eil m&amp;#xEC;neachadh eile cho eireachdail air eachdraidh na camanachd agus a’ chuid briathrachais na cunntas a chaidh a sgr&amp;#xEC;obhadh leis an sgoileir ainmeil G&amp;#xE0;idhlig, Alasdair MacBheathain &amp;#xE0; Inbhir Nis, airson Leabhar M&amp;#xF2;r s&amp;#xF2;nraichte do dh’Alasdair Littlejohn agus Oilthigh Obair Dheathain. Bhuineadh Littlejohn do Lunnainn ged a bha ceangal aige ri Alba agus ’s e a chuir air adhart Cupa Littlejohn agus an Leabhar M&amp;#xF2;r a tha na thaic dha, a tha fhathast nan duaisean aig farpais camanachd oilthighean na h-Alba.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure oucontent-media-mini"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;amp;extra=thumbnailfigure_idm12843376" title="View larger image"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/0cf64e31/gaelic_1_fig092.small.jpg" alt="" style="max-width:307px;" class="oucontent-figure-image"/&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-thumbnaillink"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;amp;extra=thumbnailfigure_idm12843376"&gt;View larger image&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 54 Leabhar M&amp;#xF2;r Littlejohn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a id="back_thumbnailfigure_idm12843376"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Camanachd anns an 21mh linn&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Nuair a chluichear sreath de gheamaichean camanachd &amp;#xE0;raid c&amp;#xF2;rr is 100 bliadhna air ais, st&amp;#xE8;idhichear Comunn na Camanachd, buidheann-riaghlaidh a’ gh&amp;#xE8;am. Tha sin air tighinn gu &amp;#xEC;re a-nis agus air na diofar bhuidhnean a bha sgaoilte a tharraing ri ch&amp;#xE8;ile le timcheall air 50 buidheann gu h-iomlan a’ cluich gu cunbhalach, cuid dhiubh nas treasa na feadhainn eile. A bharrachd air sin tha aire nam meadhanan air a tharraing chun gh&amp;#xE8;am agus na h-uimhir de ghoistidheachd ga thairgse le companaidhean is buidhnean taobh a-muigh a’ gh&amp;#xE8;am.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:420px;"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/5ac5c915/gaelic_1_fig068_small.jpg" alt="" width="420" height="355" style="max-width:420px;" class="oucontent-figure-image oucontent-media-wide"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 55 Tha l&amp;#xE0;mh an uachdair air a’ gh&amp;#xE8;am air a bhith tric aig sgioba Cheann a’ Ghi&amp;#xF9;thsaich bho chionn deagh ghreis a-nis. Chanadh m&amp;#xF2;ran gur e Raghnall Ros (an t-sreath aghaidh, air an oir chl&amp;#xEC;) cluicheadair cho math ’s a bha ann a-riamh. Fhuair e an MBE airson na rinn e don gh&amp;#xE8;am ann an 2011.Choisinn an sgioba pr&amp;#xEC;omh fharpais na h-Alba ann an D&amp;#xF9;n Omhain ann an 2006.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;&amp;#xC0;ireamhan&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha timcheall air 2,000 cluicheadair (fir, mnathan agus clann) ri camanachd agus eadar 2,500 agus 3,000 ball aig Comunn na Camanachd, le sgiobaidhean a’ cluich aig gach &amp;#xEC;re bhon bhun-sgoil gu inbheach.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ann an &amp;#xC8;irinn, tha Cumann L&amp;#xF9;th-Chleas Gael os cionn malairt luach nam milleanan m&amp;#xF2;ra, le c&amp;#xF2;rr is 200,000 cluicheadair - sin 100 camanaiche an &amp;#xC8;irinn airson gach Albannach. Ach a dh’aindeoin sin tha Alba air a bhith a’ cumail ceann a’ mhaide ri sgioba na h-&amp;#xC8;ireann nuair a thathas a’ coinneachadh anns na geamaichean iomain eadar-n&amp;#xE0;iseanta.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Camanachd mar st&amp;#xF2;ras n&amp;#xE0;iseanta&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bhon chaidh rian a chur air saoghal na camanachd mar sp&amp;#xF2;rs, tha adhartas m&amp;#xF2;r air tighinn. Fhathast ged-t&amp;#xE0; tha ioma-cheist ann am bu ch&amp;#xF2;ir a bhith a’ foillseachadh a’ gh&amp;#xE8;am mar sp&amp;#xF2;rs &amp;#xF9;r nodha an latha an-diugh, no a bhith ga ghleidheil mar ph&amp;#xE0;irt &amp;#xE0;raid de chultar na G&amp;#xE0;idhealtachd.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ge boil air a h-uile c&amp;#xE0;il, th&amp;#xE0;inig camanachd tron d&amp;#xE0; Chogadh Mh&amp;#xF2;r agus sheas an sp&amp;#xF2;rs ri iomadach d&amp;#xF9;bhlan eaconamach a th’ air a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhealtachd a sgrios, biodh sin fo bhuaidh co-dh&amp;#xF9;naidhean &amp;#xE0;rd-urrachan saoghal malairt na h-ola anns na St&amp;#xE0;itean, no ceannbhairean an N&amp;#xE8;ibhidh a’ tarraing an luchd cabhlaich. Tha fi&amp;#xF9; ’s lughdachadh ann an &amp;#xE0;ireamh chloinn-sgoile agus d&amp;#xF9;nadh sgoiltean air an g&amp;#xE8;am a bhuaireadh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:450px;"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/e0e508e6/gaelic_1_fig093.jpg" alt="" width="450" height="394" style="max-width:450px;" class="oucontent-figure-image oucontent-media-wide"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 56 Tha sgiobair Sgioba Camanachd na h-Alba, Gary Innes, na sh&amp;#xE0;r fhear-ci&amp;#xF9;il cuideachd agus tha e air cluich air CDan c&amp;#xF2;mhla ris a’ ch&amp;#xF2;mhlan ainmeil Runrig&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha luchd-cluiche agus rianachd shaoghal na camanachd a’ meas a’ gh&amp;#xE8;am am measg gach sp&amp;#xF2;rs as fhe&amp;#xE0;rr air an t-saoghal. Chan eil teagamh nach eil camanachd pr&amp;#xEC;seil agus mar ph&amp;#xE0;irt de st&amp;#xF2;ras n&amp;#xE0;iseanta – agus gu dearbh eadar-n&amp;#xE0;iseanta - na h-Alba, le &amp;#xE0;ite agus inbhe air leth nach deach aithneachadh gu cothromach ruige seo. Bu ch&amp;#xF2;ir gu robh luchd-eachdraidh, agus gu s&amp;#xF2;nraichte luchd-eachdraidh sp&amp;#xF2;rs air feadh an t-saoghail air seo a chomharrachadh bho chionn fhada agus luach a chur air camanachd, le &amp;#xE0;ite agus inbhe dha r&amp;#xE8;ir am measg sp&amp;#xF2;rsan eile an t-saoghail mh&amp;#xF2;ir.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-6.5</guid>
    <dc:title>6.5 Spors agus Cur-seachadan</dc:title><dc:identifier>Gaidhlig_1</dc:identifier><dc:description>&lt;p&gt;Tha stòras prìseil de gheamaichean agus chur-seachadan ann an Alba, agus anns na sgìrean Gàidhealach cuideachd. Bha na geamaichean agus na cur-seachadan sin air leth cudromach ann am beatha dhaoine òga, an dà chuid ann am bailtean agus a-muigh air an dùthaich.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Agus bha spòrs agus cur-seachadan air leth cudromach do dh’òigridh mus tàinig rian is òrdugh air geamaichean aig deireadh an 19mh linn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gu math tric bha ceangal eadar spòrs is cur-seachadan agus amannan àraid dhen bhliadhna leithid na Bliadhn’ Ùire, Nollaig no làithean fèille eile. Bhiodh geamaichean turchairt nam measg, agus geamaichean le sgilean àraid, farpaisean agus geamaichean buinig no call.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Air uair nochdadh taibhsean no bana-bhuidsichean; bhiodh fàisneachd air suirghe is pòsadh ann, cur gheall, strì neairt is sgilean, cluichean bhall agus dannsa.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bhiodh seinn tric na phàirt de na geamaichean le co-sheinn is bualadh bhasan, agus tha a h-uile coltas ann gu robh seo na bhunait airson gu leòr de na h-òrain is fuinn traidiseanta a th’ againn a-nis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chaidh grunn chruinneachaidhean agus leabhraichean fhoillseachadh le cunntas air an raon farsaing de gheamaichean agus chur-seachadan a bh’ ann. Tha buidhnean leithid Comann a’ Bheul-Aithris agus Sgoil Eòlais na h-Alba aig Oilthigh Dhùn Èideann air obair chudromach a dhèanamh a’ glèidheil agus a’ tasgadh an stòrais phrìseil seo, le diofar riochdan gheamaichean agus chleachdaidhean bho air feadh na dùthcha.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha mòran fiosrachaidh ri fhaotainn cuideachd mu gheamaichean agus chur-seachadan anns an 19mh linn ann an Cunntasan Àireamhachd na h-Alba.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha cunntasan air seann gheamaichean cuideachd ri fhaighinn aig &lt;span class="oucontent-linkwithtip"&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.tobarandualchais.co.uk/"&gt;Tobar an Dualchais&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-box oucontent-s-heavybox1 oucontent-s-box "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h3 oucontent-heading oucontent-nonumber"&gt;Bogsa 6 Taghadh de chur-seachadan agus geamaichean&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;h3 class="oucontent-h4 oucontent-basic"&gt;Cluich an taighe&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Air a chluich le trì cearcaill 60 slat bho chèile; daoine a’ cruinneachadh an aon dhiubh; aon neach eile air an taobh a-muigh le ball. Tha an neach sin a’ feuchainn ris an fheadhainn eile a bhualadh leis a’ bhall nuair a tha iad a’ gluasad bho chearcall gu cearcall, gan comharrachadh mar ‘phrìosanach’.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 class="oucontent-h4 oucontent-basic"&gt;Stracair&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gèam le buidhnean a’ feuchainn ri ball (ball-speil) a bhualadh le slacan agus a chur ann an toll anns an talamh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 class="oucontent-h4 oucontent-basic"&gt;Iomairt air a’ bhall&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha seo ga chluich le ball ga chath ris a’ bhalla le ainm fa-leth air gach cluicheadair; an uair a thèid ainm a ghairm, feumaidh an neach sin feuchainn ris a’ bhall a ghlacadh mus buail e an talamh; ma dh’fhaillicheas sin air a’ chluicheadair tha aca an uairsin ri teiche gun leigeil leis a’ chluicheadair leis a’ bhall a bha a’ feuchainn air a’ bhalla am bualadh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 class="oucontent-h4 oucontent-basic"&gt;Iomairt air a’ gheata&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gèam eile le slacan no maide tiugh, dithis an aghaidh dithis. ’S e an t-amas maide beag a bhualadh agus a chur a-steach ann an ‘cailleach’ no toll; tha an dithis eile a’ dìon ‘a’ gheata’; thathas uaireannan a’ gabhail Cat agus Cù no Cat agus Slacan air a’ ghèam seo.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 class="oucontent-h4 oucontent-basic"&gt;Iomairt air an Stainchear&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha seo coltach ris a’ ghèam air a bheil ‘rounders’ no ‘bases’ ann am Beurla agus ma dh’fhaoidte gu bheil an t-ainm a’ tighinn bhon Bheurla &lt;i&gt;stanchel&lt;/i&gt;, stanchion, no station, a’ ciallachadh ‘upright, support’. Tha an slacan air chumadh slacan criogaid agus am ball de shnàth air a thoinneamh timcheall air meadhan àrca.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Iomain&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Am measg nan spòrs a thàinig gu ìre agus air an deach rian a chur anns an 19mh linn, ’s e iomain no camanachd, a bu chudromaiche do na Gàidheil.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha a h-uile coltas ann gun tàinig iomain a dh’Alba an toiseach còmhla ri Crìosdaidheachd agus Gàidhlig bho chionn 2,000 bliadhna, le na miseanaraidhean Èireannach. Rè ùine, thathas air a bhith a’ bualadh ball, no rudeigin coltach ris, feadh Bhreatainn gu lèir, bho fhaicheannan rèidh nan Crìochan, monaidhean fuar Siorrachd York agus Blackheath ann an Lunnainn, gu saoghal àrainneachd gharbh Eilean Hiort far an do thadhail Màrtainn Màrtainn agus e air a thuras èibheiseach timcheall air Innse Gall mu 1695.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-quote oucontent-s-box"&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;‘They use for their diversions short clubs and balls of wood; the sand is a fair field for this sport and exercise in which they take great pleasure and are very nimble at it; they play for some eggs, fowls, hooks and tobacco; and so eager are they for victory that they strip themselves to their shirts to obtain it.’&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Camanachd air feadh an t-saoghail&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha camanachd cho sean ’s a ghabhas agus chan eil taobh phroifeiseanta air le daoine ga chluich gu saor-thoileach. Thathas a’ dèanamh ceangal eadar camanachd agus goilf (ged nach eil sin uile gu lèir buileach mionaideach) agus hocaidh air deigh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Lorgar cuideachd camanachd ann an àiteachan iongantach leithid raointean Mhontevideo ann am meadhan an 19mh linn, agus Toronto agus Roinn na Mara air taobh an ear Chanada.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chaidh a chluich aig àird na teasaich aig a’ Bhliadhn’ Ùir ann an Astràilia còrr is 150 bliadhna air ais agus ann an Cape Town ann an Afraga a Deas agus air raointean cogaidh na Roinn Eòrpa tron dà Chogadh Mhòr.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Anns an latha an-diugh, tha e fiù ’s ri lorg anns na Stàitean Aonaichte far a bheil ùidh anns a’ ghèam a’ fàs ann an cuid de cheàrnaidhean.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure oucontent-media-mini"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;extra=thumbnailfigure_idm12914688" title="View larger image"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/552801b6/gaelic_1_fig061.small.jpg" alt="" style="max-width:298px;" class="oucontent-figure-image"/&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-thumbnaillink"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;extra=thumbnailfigure_idm12914688"&gt;View larger image&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 49 Iomradh air gèam iomain ann a’ Montevideo anns an &lt;i&gt;Inverness Courier&lt;/i&gt; air 13 An t-Iuchair 1842&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a id="back_thumbnailfigure_idm12914688"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Tùs na camanachd&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chan eil teagamh nach robhas a’ cluich camanachd (no leis an fhìrinn dreach eile dhen ghèam ris an canar sin an-diugh) bho linn nam pàganach. Ann an Alba, ’s ann ann an Clàir Sheisein Eaglais Ghlaschu ann an 1589 as tràithe a lorgar cunntas air a’ chluich ris an canar an uairsin ‘schynnie.’ Tha am pios aig a bheil crois ag ràdh: ‘that nane be fund castand stanes w&lt;i&gt;i&lt;/i&gt;t&lt;i&gt;h &lt;/i&gt;in the kirkis zardes, or playing at futeball, goff, carrick or schynnie’.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure oucontent-media-mini"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;extra=thumbnailfigure_idm12906544" title="View larger image"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/6d9cee6a/gaelic_1_fig062.small.jpg" alt="" style="max-width:300px;" class="oucontent-figure-image"/&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-thumbnaillink"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;extra=thumbnailfigure_idm12906544"&gt;View larger image&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 50 Tha a’ chiad iomradh sgrìobhte air iomain ri lorg ann an Cunntasan Seisean Eaglais Ghlaschu airson 1589&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a id="back_thumbnailfigure_idm12906544"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ann an Leabhar Chomunn nam Fìor Ghàidheal, a chaidh fhoillseachadh ann an 1881 leis a’ Chomunn sin, thathas a’ dèanamh dheth gur e camanachd ‘gun teagamh an spòrs no cur-seachad Ceilteach as sine a ghabhas lorg….. bho thùs air chall ann an ceò na h-eachdraidh……agus chaidh a chluich le Noah e fhèin; agus ma chaidh, tha h-uile coltas gu robh Adhamh agus a mhic ris cuideachd.’&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:450px;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;extra=thumbnailfigure_idm12900336" title="View larger image"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/6c23b4af/gaelic_1_fig064.small.jpg" alt="" style="max-width:450px;" class="oucontent-figure-image oucontent-media-wide"/&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-thumbnaillink"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;extra=thumbnailfigure_idm12900336"&gt;View larger image&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 51 Camanachd mar a tha e air a dhealbh ann an Leabhar Chomunn nam Fìor Ghàidheal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a id="back_thumbnailfigure_idm12900336"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Am facal ‘shinty’&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bu chòir ciall an fhacail ‘shinty’ a mhìneachadh. Thathas a’ cleachdadh iomain, agus an dèidh sin camanachd, ann an Gàidhlig, dà fhacal a tha a’ comharrachadh ‘driving’. Chan eil freumhan an fhacail ‘Shinty’ (no a leithid shindy, shinnie, shindig a tha cuideachd a’ nochdadh), idir cho soilleir. Tha a’ mhòr-chuid dhen bharail gur ann bhon fhacal Gàidhlig &lt;i&gt;sìnteag&lt;/i&gt;, a’ ciallachadh cruinn-leum, ‘leap, bound’, a tha e. Tha shinnie, (timcheall air 1600) a-rèir coltais nas sine na shintie, a thàinig gu cleachdadh mu 100 bliadhna an dèidh sin.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Camanachd aig amannan fèille&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cha robh tachartas sam bith nas cudromaiche an co-cheangal ri àm na Bliadhn’ Ùire na Gèam na Camanachd. Gu math tric bhiodh baraille de dh’uisge-beatha mar dhuais. Bhiodh na farpaisean gan cluich eadar dà pharaiste no barrachd, agus cha bhiodh smachd sam bith air an àireamh a bhiodh a’ gabhail pàirt bho mhoch gu dubh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha e ri aithris air uair gum biodh suas gu 2,000 an làthair. Chuireadh an t-uachdaran togsaid dhen stuth a b’ fheàrr air adhart mar dhuais.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S ann ann am faclairean as motha a gheibhear a-mach eachdraidh agus sloinneadh na camanachd. Anns an fhaclair ainmeil aig Jamieson air a’ Chànan Albais, lorgar camanachd eadar &lt;i&gt;Shinnock&lt;/i&gt; agus &lt;i&gt;Shiolag&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Nas iongantaiche ge-tà, tha Faclair Dualchainnt Shasainn (EDD) a’ clàradh &lt;i&gt;shinham&lt;/i&gt; ann an Ceann a Tuath Shasainn, &lt;i&gt;shinnins&lt;/i&gt; agus &lt;i&gt;shinnop&lt;/i&gt; ann an Siorrachd York, &lt;i&gt;shinny&lt;/i&gt; agus &lt;i&gt;shinty&lt;/i&gt; air feadh a’ chinn a tuath ann an Sasainn gu cunbhalach, agus cho fada deas ri Siorrachdan Lincoln, Nottingham agus Gloucester. Tha EDD ag innse gu robhas ri camanachd (shinty) ann an Cumberland cho anmoch ri 1888, nuair a chaidh càin a chur air dithis ghillean a bha ris a’ ghèaim air an t-sràid agus chaidh an treas fear ‘a shaoradh, an dèidh a chuipeadh le phàrant.’&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Camanachd am measg a’ mhòr-shluaigh&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bha camanachd nas bitheanta na bhith dìreach mar dhòigh aig uachdaran air a bhith a’ dìoladh an cuid. Anns an iris &lt;i&gt;The Penny Magazine&lt;/i&gt;, a chaidh fhoillseachadh le Comunn Sgaoilidh an Eòlais a tha Feumail, air Faoilleach 31, 1835, tha dealbh a tha gu math feumail agus fiosrachail airson suidheachadh na camanachd aig an àm a thuigsinn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure oucontent-media-mini"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;extra=thumbnailfigure_idm12885216" title="View larger image"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/3e387279/gaelic_1_fig063.small.jpg" alt="" style="max-width:335px;" class="oucontent-figure-image"/&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-thumbnaillink"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;extra=thumbnailfigure_idm12885216"&gt;View larger image&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber oucontent-caption-placeholder"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a id="back_thumbnailfigure_idm12885216"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Camanachd thar Crìochan na h-Alba&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cha b’ ann a-mhàin air a’ Ghàidhealtachd, no fiù taobh a-staigh na h-Alba a bhathas ri camanachd. Chaidh a’ chiad bhuidheann a stèidheachadh ann an Sasainn, leis an ainm Cottonopolis, ann am Manchester, agus bha iadsan a’ cluich ron Dùbhlachd, 1875.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha duilleagan a’ phàipeir-naidheachd &lt;i&gt;An Gàidheal&lt;/i&gt; - &lt;i&gt;The Highlander&lt;/i&gt; - gu h-àraidh anns na 1870an agus tràth anns na 1880an nas coltaiche ri cunntas air saoghal Prìomh Lìog bhall-coise Shasainn an latha an-diugh le aithrisean a’ nochdadh air geamaichean anns a bheil leithid Birmingham, Manchester Camanachd, Old Trafford, Comunn Camanachd Gàidhealach Lunnainn, Cottonopolis, Bolton, Nottingham Forest agus Stamford Bridge (an raon aig Chelsea) a’ cluich.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bha daoine nam boil ri camanachd air dà thaobh nan Crìochan agus air feadh an t-saoghail bho Afraga a Deas gu Astràilia agus Sealan Nuadh; bho Thoronto ann an Canada gu New York anns na Stàitean Aonaichte far an deach buidheann a stèidheachadh ann an 1903.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Agus ann an Astràilia, ’s e an dearbhadh as fheàrr a th’againn gu robh an gèam an sin, dealbh a chaidh a tharraing le Albannach, Iain Rae, ann an 1842.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:495px;"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/7d55da0c/gaelic_1_fig091.jpg" alt="" width="495" height="363" style="max-width:495px;" class="oucontent-figure-image oucontent-media-wide"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 52 Iomain ann a Sydney1840 le Iain Rae&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha a h-uile coltas ann gu bheil camanachd ga chluich anns an dealbh seo. Ràinig Rae Astràilia bho Alba anns an Dùbhlachd 1839, dìreach bliadhna an dèidh dhan bhàta &lt;i&gt;St George&lt;/i&gt;, an t-Òban fhàgail, luma-làn le eilthirich à Bàideaneach agus sgìrean eile dhen Ghàidhealtachd. Seo an turas mun deach an t-òran ainmeil &lt;i&gt;Guma slàn do na fearaibh&lt;/i&gt; a sgrìobhadh. Seo mar a tha na facail anns an leabhar aig Tòmas Sinton, The &lt;i&gt;Poet&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;ry &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;of Badenoch,&lt;/i&gt; Inbhirnis 1906:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table oucontent-s-normal oucontent-s-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table-wrapper"&gt;&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gu 'm a slàn do na fearaibh&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Thèid thairis a' chuan&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Gu talamh a' gheallaidh,&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Far nach fairich iad fuachd.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Gu 'm a slàn etc.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Gu 'm a slàn do na mnàthan&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Nach cluinnear an gearan,&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;'S ann thèid iad gu smearail,&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;'G ar leantuinn thar 'chuan;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Gu 'm a slàn etc.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;'Us na nìghneagan bòidheach,&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;A dh'fhalbhas leinn còmhladh,&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Gheibh daoine ri'm pòsadh,&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;A chuireas òr 'nan dà chluais.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Gu 'm a slàn etc.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;A health to the fellows,&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Who’ll cross o’er the sea!&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;To the country of promise,&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Where no cold they will feel.-&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;A health to the fellows,&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Who’ll cross o’er the sea!&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;A health to the goodwives!&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;We’ll hear no complaining;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;They’ll follow us heartily&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Over the sea.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;And the beautiful maidens&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Going with us together,-&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;They’ll get husbands to marry,&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Who’ll give ear-rings of gold.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Camanachd ann an Astràilia&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chan eil e na iongnadh sam bith le sin gu bheil sinn a’ lorg na camanachd ann an Geelong, Bhictoria, far an deach ‘Comunn na Fèinne’ a stèidheachadh le Gàidheil airson an cleachdaidhean a chumail suas. Mhair an Comunn seo bho na 1850an gu na 1940an agus bha camanachd Bliadhn’ Ùire an teis-meadhain nan co-chruinneachaidhean, gu h-àraidh aig toiseach gnothaich.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Crìonadh na Camanachd&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Thathas a’ dèanamh dheth gu robh camanachd air crìonadh agus air tarraing air ais gu Gàidhealtachd na h-Alba ron 19mh linn. An uairsin chaidh a thilleadh gu meadhan na dùthcha leis a’ mhòr-shluagh a bha air imrich aig àm nam Fuadaichean.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bha clann aig Lannraig Ùr ris a’ ghèam agus bha buidheann èasgaidh ann an Gleann Mòr Lìobhainn anns na 1870an.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chan eil teagamh nach iad na Gàidheil bho dheas (taobh thall nan Crìochan) a bha a’ cluich ann an tòrr de na geamaichean a bh’ ann an Glaschu agus Dùn Èideann (agus nas fhaide air falbh) bho na 1870an air adhart.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chì sinn cuideachd cho tràth ri 1816 gu robh buill Comunn Goilf aig Raon Bhruntsfield ann an Dùn Èideann a’ gearain cho cunnartach ’s a bha cùisean an sin le cluich na camanachd.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha gu leòr fianais againn ann an dealbhan gu robh camanachd am measg an t-sluaigh an Dùn Èideann aig an àm. Tha dealbh mòr le peanta-uisgeach a rinn Teàrlach Altamont Doyle (1832-93), agus a th’ air a chumail anns an Taigh-Tasgaidh Rìoghail ann an Dùn Èideann, a’ sealltainn Loch Duddingston anns a’ phrìomh bhaile. Am measg na th’ anns an dealbh tha seallaidhean air trì spòrsan – camanachd, curladh agus bròg-spèilidh. A rèir aithrisean phàipear-naidheachd aig an àm, ’s dòcha gu robh suas gu 6,000 an làthair.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:450px;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;extra=thumbnailfigure_idm12850176" title="View larger image"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/23b47fa9/gaelic_1_fig067.small.jpg" alt="" style="max-width:450px;" class="oucontent-figure-image oucontent-media-wide"/&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-thumbnaillink"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;extra=thumbnailfigure_idm12850176"&gt;View larger image&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 53 Iomain air Loch Duddingston le Teàrlach Altamont Doyle (1832-93)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a id="back_thumbnailfigure_idm12850176"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Camanachd anns na h-Oilthighean&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chan eil mìneachadh eile cho eireachdail air eachdraidh na camanachd agus a’ chuid briathrachais na cunntas a chaidh a sgrìobhadh leis an sgoileir ainmeil Gàidhlig, Alasdair MacBheathain à Inbhir Nis, airson Leabhar Mòr sònraichte do dh’Alasdair Littlejohn agus Oilthigh Obair Dheathain. Bhuineadh Littlejohn do Lunnainn ged a bha ceangal aige ri Alba agus ’s e a chuir air adhart Cupa Littlejohn agus an Leabhar Mòr a tha na thaic dha, a tha fhathast nan duaisean aig farpais camanachd oilthighean na h-Alba.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure oucontent-media-mini"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;extra=thumbnailfigure_idm12843376" title="View larger image"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/0cf64e31/gaelic_1_fig092.small.jpg" alt="" style="max-width:307px;" class="oucontent-figure-image"/&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-thumbnaillink"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=1965&amp;extra=thumbnailfigure_idm12843376"&gt;View larger image&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 54 Leabhar Mòr Littlejohn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a id="back_thumbnailfigure_idm12843376"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Camanachd anns an 21mh linn&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Nuair a chluichear sreath de gheamaichean camanachd àraid còrr is 100 bliadhna air ais, stèidhichear Comunn na Camanachd, buidheann-riaghlaidh a’ ghèam. Tha sin air tighinn gu ìre a-nis agus air na diofar bhuidhnean a bha sgaoilte a tharraing ri chèile le timcheall air 50 buidheann gu h-iomlan a’ cluich gu cunbhalach, cuid dhiubh nas treasa na feadhainn eile. A bharrachd air sin tha aire nam meadhanan air a tharraing chun ghèam agus na h-uimhir de ghoistidheachd ga thairgse le companaidhean is buidhnean taobh a-muigh a’ ghèam.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:420px;"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/5ac5c915/gaelic_1_fig068_small.jpg" alt="" width="420" height="355" style="max-width:420px;" class="oucontent-figure-image oucontent-media-wide"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 55 Tha làmh an uachdair air a’ ghèam air a bhith tric aig sgioba Cheann a’ Ghiùthsaich bho chionn deagh ghreis a-nis. Chanadh mòran gur e Raghnall Ros (an t-sreath aghaidh, air an oir chlì) cluicheadair cho math ’s a bha ann a-riamh. Fhuair e an MBE airson na rinn e don ghèam ann an 2011.Choisinn an sgioba prìomh fharpais na h-Alba ann an Dùn Omhain ann an 2006.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Àireamhan&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha timcheall air 2,000 cluicheadair (fir, mnathan agus clann) ri camanachd agus eadar 2,500 agus 3,000 ball aig Comunn na Camanachd, le sgiobaidhean a’ cluich aig gach ìre bhon bhun-sgoil gu inbheach.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ann an Èirinn, tha Cumann Lùth-Chleas Gael os cionn malairt luach nam milleanan mòra, le còrr is 200,000 cluicheadair - sin 100 camanaiche an Èirinn airson gach Albannach. Ach a dh’aindeoin sin tha Alba air a bhith a’ cumail ceann a’ mhaide ri sgioba na h-Èireann nuair a thathas a’ coinneachadh anns na geamaichean iomain eadar-nàiseanta.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-internalsection"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h2 oucontent-internalsection-head"&gt;Camanachd mar stòras nàiseanta&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bhon chaidh rian a chur air saoghal na camanachd mar spòrs, tha adhartas mòr air tighinn. Fhathast ged-tà tha ioma-cheist ann am bu chòir a bhith a’ foillseachadh a’ ghèam mar spòrs ùr nodha an latha an-diugh, no a bhith ga ghleidheil mar phàirt àraid de chultar na Gàidhealtachd.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ge boil air a h-uile càil, thàinig camanachd tron dà Chogadh Mhòr agus sheas an spòrs ri iomadach dùbhlan eaconamach a th’ air a’ Ghàidhealtachd a sgrios, biodh sin fo bhuaidh co-dhùnaidhean àrd-urrachan saoghal malairt na h-ola anns na Stàitean, no ceannbhairean an Nèibhidh a’ tarraing an luchd cabhlaich. Tha fiù ’s lughdachadh ann an àireamh chloinn-sgoile agus dùnadh sgoiltean air an gèam a bhuaireadh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure" style="width:450px;"&gt;&lt;img src="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/pluginfile.php/59887/mod_oucontent/oucontent/372/ee51d405/e0e508e6/gaelic_1_fig093.jpg" alt="" width="450" height="394" style="max-width:450px;" class="oucontent-figure-image oucontent-media-wide"/&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-figure-text"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-caption oucontent-nonumber"&gt;&lt;span class="oucontent-figure-caption"&gt;Figear 56 Tha sgiobair Sgioba Camanachd na h-Alba, Gary Innes, na shàr fhear-ciùil cuideachd agus tha e air cluich air CDan còmhla ris a’ chòmhlan ainmeil Runrig&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha luchd-cluiche agus rianachd shaoghal na camanachd a’ meas a’ ghèam am measg gach spòrs as fheàrr air an t-saoghal. Chan eil teagamh nach eil camanachd prìseil agus mar phàirt de stòras nàiseanta – agus gu dearbh eadar-nàiseanta - na h-Alba, le àite agus inbhe air leth nach deach aithneachadh gu cothromach ruige seo. Bu chòir gu robh luchd-eachdraidh, agus gu sònraichte luchd-eachdraidh spòrs air feadh an t-saoghail air seo a chomharrachadh bho chionn fhada agus luach a chur air camanachd, le àite agus inbhe dha rèir am measg spòrsan eile an t-saoghail mhòir.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</dc:description><dc:publisher>The Open University</dc:publisher><dc:creator>The Open University</dc:creator><dc:type>Course</dc:type><dc:format>text/html</dc:format><dc:language>en-GB</dc:language><dc:source>Cànan nan Gàidheal - Gaidhlig_1</dc:source><cc:license>Copyright © 2016 The Open University</cc:license></item>
    <item>
      <title>7 Ceistean Cumanta</title>
      <link>https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-7</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>&lt;div class="&amp;#10;            oucontent-activity&amp;#10;           oucontent-s-heavybox1 oucontent-s-box &amp;#10;        oucontent-s-noheading&amp;#10;      "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-question"&gt;&lt;p&gt;1 C&amp;#xF2; &amp;#xE0;s a th&amp;#xE0;inig G&amp;#xE0;idhlig?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-answer"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h4"&gt;Answer&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S e G&amp;#xE0;idhlig t&amp;#xE8; de ch&amp;#xE0;nain na h-Alba agus tha buaidh a’ ch&amp;#xE0;nain ri fhaicinn air feadh na d&amp;#xF9;thcha, tro na linntean agus gu h-&amp;#xE0;raidh ann an ainmean-&amp;#xE0;ite.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Buinidh G&amp;#xE0;idhlig dhan teaghlach Ceilteach, le dl&amp;#xF9;th-ch&amp;#xE0;irdeas do Chuimris, c&amp;#xE0;nan a’ Ch&amp;#xF2;rn agus c&amp;#xE0;nan na Breatainne Bige.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha i nas dl&amp;#xF9;ithe buileach do Ghaeilge na h-&amp;#xC8;ireann agus c&amp;#xE0;nan Eilean Mhanainn. Tha na tr&amp;#xEC; se&amp;#xF2;rsaichean G&amp;#xE0;idhlig sin, no c&amp;#xE0;nain Goidelic, uile a’ tighinn bho aon ch&amp;#xE0;nan a bha ga bruidhinn ann an &amp;#xC8;ireann anmoch anns a’ chiad m&amp;#xEC;le bliadhna BC agus a’ chiad mile bliadhna AD.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha sgr&amp;#xEC;obhaichean ann an Laideann a’ toirt iomradh air daoine a bha a’ fuireach ann an &amp;#xC8;ireann, agus a bhiodh a’ c&amp;#xF2;mhradh anns a’ ch&amp;#xE0;nan seo, mar Scotti, agus a’ gabhail Scotia air &amp;#xC8;ireann.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Anns na Meadhan Aoisean, gabh iad thuca fh&amp;#xE8;in ainm nam Breatannach, Go&amp;#xED;dil, na G&amp;#xE0;idheil. Bha G&amp;#xE0;idhlig air tighinn gu iar-thuath na d&amp;#xF9;thcha, gu Earra-Gh&amp;#xE0;idheal ron 6mh linn AD aig a’ char as fhaide.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha deasbad ann fhathast mu d&amp;#xEC;reach ciamar a th&amp;#xE0;inig G&amp;#xE0;idhlig gu Alba, ach tha gu le&amp;#xF2;r dhen bheachd gur e gluasad sluaigh as bh’ ann eadar &amp;#xC8;ireann agus Alba. Tha e cinnteach gu le&amp;#xF2;r ged-t&amp;#xE0; gu robh luchd-riaghlaidh agus pearsachan-eaglais Earra-Gh&amp;#xE0;idheil agus D&amp;#xE0;l Riata (a bha fhathast a’ gabhail a-staigh ce&amp;#xE0;rnaidhean de cheann-a-tuath &amp;#xC8;irinn) a’ cleachdadh na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig ron 6mh linn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="&amp;#10;            oucontent-activity&amp;#10;           oucontent-s-heavybox1 oucontent-s-box &amp;#10;        oucontent-s-noheading&amp;#10;      "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-question"&gt;&lt;p&gt;2 Cia mheud neach a bhruidhneas G&amp;#xE0;idhlig?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-answer"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h4"&gt;Answer&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Anns a’ Chunntas Sluaigh ann an 2001 chaidh tomhas gu robh comasan labhairt agus/no sgr&amp;#xEC;obhaidh/tuigse ann an G&amp;#xE0;idhlig aig 92,400 neach (1.9% de mh&amp;#xF2;r-shluagh na h-Alba).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bha an &amp;#xE0;ireamh sin a’ gabhail a-staigh 58,652 (1.2% de mh&amp;#xF2;r-shluagh na h-Alba) a bhruidhneadh G&amp;#xE0;idhlig.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table oucontent-s-normal oucontent-s-box"&gt;&lt;h3 class="oucontent-h3 oucontent-heading oucontent-nonumber"&gt;Cunntas-sluaigh 2001&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table-wrapper"&gt;&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td/&gt;&lt;td&gt;Sluagh iomlan aig aois 3+ (=100%)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Comasach air G&amp;#xE0;idhlig a bhruidhinn&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Comas labhairt, sgr&amp;#xEC;obhaidh, leughaidh&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Comas labhairt, leughaidh, sgr&amp;#xEC;obhaidh, no tuigse&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Alba&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;4,900,492&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;58,652 (1.2%)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;65,674 (1.3%)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;92,386 (1.9%)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ged a bha lughdachadh ann an &amp;#xE0;ireamh luchd-labhairt na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig gu h-iomlan anns a’ Chunntas mu dheireadh, eadar 1991 agus 2001 bha &amp;#xE0;rdachadh anns an &amp;#xE0;ireamh far am b’ urrainn do dhaoine bruidhinn anns a’ ch&amp;#xE0;nan agus aig an robh sgilean leughaidh agus sgr&amp;#xEC;obhaidh a bharrachd air sin. Tha seo a’ dearbhadh &amp;#xE0;rdachadh ann an comasan litearrachd ann an G&amp;#xE0;idhlig agus cuideachd anns an luchd-ionnsachaidh. Bha f&amp;#xE0;s cuideachd anns an &amp;#xE0;ireamh chloinne eadar aois 5-15 aig an robh G&amp;#xE0;idhlig eadar 1991 agus 2001.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="&amp;#10;            oucontent-activity&amp;#10;           oucontent-s-heavybox1 oucontent-s-box &amp;#10;        oucontent-s-noheading&amp;#10;      "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-question"&gt;&lt;p&gt;3 C&amp;#xE0;ite an cluinnear G&amp;#xE0;idhlig an-diugh?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-answer"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h4"&gt;Answer&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cluinnear a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig air feadh na h-Alba. Tha beagan a bharrachd is leth dhen &amp;#xE0;ireamh ann an Cunntas-sluaigh 2001 a’ fuireach ann an sg&amp;#xEC;rean na G&amp;#xE0;idhealtachd (roinn Chomhairle na G&amp;#xE0;idhealtachd, Earra-Gh&amp;#xE0;idheal is Bh&amp;#xF2;id agus sg&amp;#xEC;re Chomhairle nan Eilean Siar) agus beagan nas lugha na leth dhen &amp;#xE0;ireamh (45%) deas air an sin.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha G&amp;#xE0;idhlig aig a’ mh&amp;#xF2;r-chuid ann an sg&amp;#xEC;re Chomhairle nan Eilean Siar agus ann am paraiste Chille Mhoire anns an Eilean Sgitheanach, ann an Roinn na G&amp;#xE0;idhealtachd. Chan eil ach beagan dhen cheathramh cuid de luchd-labhairt na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig a’ c&amp;#xF2;mhnaidh ann an sg&amp;#xEC;rean far a bheil iad anns a’ mh&amp;#xF2;r-chuid.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha luchd-labhairt na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig air an tarraing chun bhaile-mh&amp;#xF2;ir, le m&amp;#xF2;ran a’ fuireach an Glaschu no mun cuairt air, an D&amp;#xF9;n &amp;#xC8;ideann, Inbhir Nis agus Obair Dheathain. Mar eisimpleir tha 11,211 le G&amp;#xE0;idhlig, sin 19% dhen &amp;#xE0;ireamh gu h-iomlan, a’ fuireach mu M&amp;#xF2;r-bhaile Ghlaschu a-r&amp;#xE8;ir Cunntas-sluaigh 2001.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Lorgar cuideachd luchd-labhairt na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig an d&amp;#xF9;thchannan c&amp;#xE8;in feadh an t-saoghail, a’ mh&amp;#xF2;r-chuid dhi&amp;#xF9;bh le ceangal eilthireach agus eachdraidheil ri Alba bho &amp;#xE0;m nam Fuadaichean.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig fhathast be&amp;#xF2; ann an Ceap Breatainn ann an Canada le m&amp;#xF2;ran a’ tachairt ann an saoghal foghlaim agus ealain na d&amp;#xF9;thcha sin. Tha &amp;#xE0;ireamh cudromach dhaoine air &amp;#xF9;idh a thogail ann a bhith ag ionnsachadh na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig ann an d&amp;#xF9;thchannan leithid na Gearmailt, An Sp&amp;#xE0;inn, d&amp;#xF9;thchannan taobh an Ear na Roinn E&amp;#xF2;rpa agus Ceann a Tuath Ameireaga. Tha sgoilearan an Iapan cuideachd air &amp;#xF9;idh a nochdadh anns a’ ch&amp;#xE0;nan.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="&amp;#10;            oucontent-activity&amp;#10;           oucontent-s-heavybox1 oucontent-s-box &amp;#10;        oucontent-s-noheading&amp;#10;      "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-question"&gt;&lt;p&gt;4 C&amp;#xE0;ite an lorg mi fiosrachadh mu bhuidhnean G&amp;#xE0;idhlig?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-answer"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h4"&gt;Answer&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha grunn bhuidhnean cudromach ann an saoghal na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig. Tha an Riaghaltas a’ foillseachadh fiosrachadh mun obair aca fh&amp;#xE8;in agus ceangail ri buidhnean eile. Tha leithid eile ga dh&amp;#xE8;anamh le &amp;#xF9;ghdarrasan ionadail.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S e &lt;span class="oucontent-linkwithtip"&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.gaidhlig.org.uk"&gt;B&amp;#xF2;rd na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; a’ phr&amp;#xEC;omh bhuidheann poblach le dleastanas airson leasachadh na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig agus tha uallach air a’ Bh&amp;#xF2;rd gu s&amp;#xF2;nraichte airson foghlam G&amp;#xE0;idhlig a chur air adhart. Tha l&amp;#xE0;rach-l&amp;#xEC;n a’ Bh&amp;#xF9;ird a’ ceangal ri buidhnean eile.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S e &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/alba/"&gt;BBC ALBA&lt;/a&gt; an sianal &amp;#xF9;r telebhisein agus c&amp;#xF2;mhla ri &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/radionangaidheal/"&gt;BBC Radio nan G&amp;#xE0;idheal&lt;/a&gt; tha iad a’ cumail fiosrachadh ris an t-sluagh mu phr&amp;#xF2;graman.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha Roinnean G&amp;#xE0;idhlig no Ceiltis aig na h-Oilthighean ann an Glaschu, Obair Dheathain, agus D&amp;#xF9;n &amp;#xC8;ideann agus ’s e &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/"&gt;Sabhal M&amp;#xF2;r Ostaig&lt;/a&gt; anns an Eilean Sgitheanach, a tha na p&amp;#xE0;irt de dh’&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://uhi.ac.uk/en"&gt;Oilthigh na G&amp;#xE0;idhealtachd is nan Eilean&lt;/a&gt; (UHI), a’ phr&amp;#xEC;omh ionad G&amp;#xE0;idhlig a tha a’ tairgse raon farsaing de ch&amp;#xF9;rsaichean agus goireasan rannsachaidh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="&amp;#10;            oucontent-activity&amp;#10;           oucontent-s-heavybox1 oucontent-s-box &amp;#10;        oucontent-s-noheading&amp;#10;      "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-question"&gt;&lt;p&gt;5 C&amp;#xE0;ite am faighear fiosrachadh mu ainmean-&amp;#xE0;ite?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-answer"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h4"&gt;Answer&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S e Ainmean-&amp;#xC0;ite na h-Alba (A&amp;#xC0;A) a’ cho-bhanntachd comhairleachaidh n&amp;#xE0;iseanta airson Ainmean-&amp;#xE0;ite G&amp;#xE0;idhlig na h-Alba. Tha a’ bhuidheann seo ag aontachadh riochd ainmean-&amp;#xE0;ite airson leithid soidhnichean rathaid, mapaichean agus fiosrachadh coitcheann. Tha an obair aca air a bhonntachadh air e&amp;#xF2;las agus taic ghrunn bhuidhnean, fiosrachadh ionadail agus st&amp;#xF2;ras eachdraidheil ach an t&amp;#xE8;id ainmean-&amp;#xE0;ite aontachadh ann an d&amp;#xF2;igh cinnteach is rianail.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha A&amp;#xC0;A a’ cleachdadh siostam litreachaidh agus sti&amp;#xF9;ireadh &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.sqa.org.uk/files_ccc/SQA-Gaelic_Orthographic_Conventions-En-e.pdf"&gt;Gn&amp;#xE0;thas Litreachaidh na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig 2009&lt;/a&gt; (GOC) airson cunbhalachd.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha A&amp;#xC0;A cuideachd air a bhith ag obair an co-bhuinn ris an t-Suirbhidh &amp;#xD2;rdanais (OS), &amp;#xF9;ghdarrasan ionadail agus buidhnean poblach eile bho 2000, a’ frithealadh am feumalachdan airson mapaichean agus soidhnichean. Tha &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.ainmean-aite.org/"&gt;A&amp;#xC0;A&lt;/a&gt; a’ st&amp;#xE8;idheachadh faclair ainmean-&amp;#xE0;iteachan n&amp;#xE0;iseanta mar a chaidh moladh anns a’ Phlana G&amp;#xE0;idhlig N&amp;#xE0;iseanta.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="&amp;#10;            oucontent-activity&amp;#10;           oucontent-s-heavybox1 oucontent-s-box &amp;#10;        oucontent-s-noheading&amp;#10;      "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-question"&gt;&lt;p&gt;6 Bheil e doirbh G&amp;#xE0;idhlig ionnsachadh?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-answer"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h4"&gt;Answer&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chan eil a’ cheist sin cho s&amp;#xEC;mplidh sin. Chan urrainnear aon ch&amp;#xE0;nan a chomharrachadh an coimeas ri c&amp;#xE0;nan eile mar nas fhasa no nas duilghe, nas fheumaile no le nas lugha luach. Cha mh&amp;#xF2; a tha cr&amp;#xEC;ochan ann air an &amp;#xF9;ine a bu ch&amp;#xF2;ir a chomharrachadh airson c&amp;#xE0;nan ionnsachadh no thoirt gu tomhas mhath fileantachd.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S e an rud as cudromaiche ann a bhith ag ionnsachadh c&amp;#xE0;nan sam bith a bhith dealasach, a’ cumail ri gach d&amp;#xF9;bhlan a nochdas agus foighidneach, reusanta ann a bhith ag amas air ceann-uidhe a ghabhas coileanadh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha cothroman cleachdaidh air leth cudromach agus ma th&amp;#xE8;id aig neach a tha ag ionnsachadh a dhol am bogadh sa ch&amp;#xE0;nan no a dh’fhuireach ann an coimhearsnachd far a bheil a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig ga cleachdadh gu l&amp;#xE0;itheil, thig adhartas.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha e na chuideachadh a bhith ag &amp;#xE8;isteachd ri G&amp;#xE0;idhlig air r&amp;#xE8;idio agus air telebhisean cho math ri bhith leughadh, gu h-&amp;#xE0;raidh ma tha e na amas a bhith a’ dol an s&amp;#xE0;s ann an litreachas.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha fiosrachadh a dh’fhaodadh a bhith feumail do luchd-ionnsachaidh c&amp;#xE0;nain, air &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.omniglot.com/"&gt;Omniglot&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gheibhear sealladh air G&amp;#xE0;idhlig ionnsachadh air &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.bilingualism-matters.org.uk/"&gt;Bilingualism Matters&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha a’ bhuidheann-taic do luchd-ionnsachaidh &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.cli.org.uk"&gt;Cl&amp;#xEC; G&amp;#xE0;idhlig&lt;/a&gt; a’ frithealadh feumalachdan aig &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.cli.org.uk"&gt;http://www.cli.org.uk&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha tuilleadh fiosrachaidh agus comhairle ri fhaotainn air &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.mygaelic.com/"&gt;mygaelic.com&lt;/a&gt; far a bheil ceangail ri l&amp;#xEC;onraidh s&amp;#xF2;isealta eile.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha l&amp;#xE0;raich-l&amp;#xEC;n eile a tha feumail aig buidhnean leithid &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://gaidhlig.org.uk"&gt;B&amp;#xF2;rd na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://gaidhlig.org.uk"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; agus seirbhisean G&amp;#xE0;idhlig a’ BhBC.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gheibhear fiosrachadh is taic air-loidhne no tro ch&amp;#xF9;rsaichean bho ghrunn ionadan foghlaim.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A-thaobh stuthan taic, tha fiosrachadh aig &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.gaelic.books.net"&gt;Comhairle nan Leabhraichean&lt;/a&gt;, mu leabhraichean agus goireasan a tha feumail do luchd-ionnsachaidh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="&amp;#10;            oucontent-activity&amp;#10;           oucontent-s-heavybox1 oucontent-s-box &amp;#10;        oucontent-s-noheading&amp;#10;      "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-question"&gt;&lt;p&gt;7 Bheil Sgoiltean G&amp;#xE0;idhlig air leth ann?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-answer"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h4"&gt;Answer&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha d&amp;#xE0; bhun-sgoil Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig ann a tha a’ biathadh &amp;#xE0;rd-sgoiltean - ann an Inbhir Nis agus Glaschu, far an deach a’ chiad sgoil Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig a st&amp;#xE8;idheachadh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha iarrtas son &amp;#xE0;iteachan anns na Sgoiltean G&amp;#xE0;idhlig a’ s&amp;#xEC;or fh&amp;#xE0;s. Bha 311 ann an sgoil Ghlaschu ann an 2007 agus anns a’ bhliadhna 2010-11 bha an &amp;#xE0;ireamh sin air tighinn gu 580.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha timcheall air 2,500 duine cloinne ann am bun-sgoiltean agus &amp;#xE0;rd-sgoiltean gan teagasg tron Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig (ris an canar Gaelic Medium Education, GME, no Foghlam Tro Mheadhan na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig, FTG) agus tha 700 eile ann an cr&amp;#xF2;ileagain G&amp;#xE0;idhlig.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Th&amp;#xF2;isich GME/FTG le 24 duine cloinne ann an 1985 agus c&amp;#xF2;ig bliadhna an d&amp;#xE8;idh sin, bha an &amp;#xE0;ireamh aig 2,256. Bha 390 gam foghlam tron Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig aig &amp;#xEC;re &amp;#xE0;rd-sgoile ann an 2009-2010. Anns na 58 cr&amp;#xF2;ileagan a tha air am frithealadh le &amp;#xF9;ghdarrasan ionadail chaidh 856 duine cloinne a chl&amp;#xE0;radh anns a’ bhliadhna sgoile 2009-2010.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Anns an t-siostam foghlaim &amp;#xE0;bhaisteach tha eadar 2,500 agus 3,000 ag ionnsachadh na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig mar chuspair anns an &amp;#xE0;rd-sgoil gach bliadhna. Tha m&amp;#xF2;ran chloinne ann am bun-sgoiltean &amp;#xE0;bhaisteach ag ionnsachadh fo Sgeama na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig anns a’ Bhun-sgoil.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha f&amp;#xE0;s ri fhaicinn cuideachd anns an &amp;#xE0;ireamh de dh’oileanaich a tha leantainn na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig gu &amp;#xC0;rd-&amp;#xCC;re foghlaim no tha a’ togail air c&amp;#xF9;rsaichean G&amp;#xE0;idhlig aig gach &amp;#xEC;re a tha sin.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bu ch&amp;#xF2;ir do ph&amp;#xE0;rantan fiosrachadh mu fhoghlam G&amp;#xE0;idhlig iarraidh air &amp;#xF9;ghdarrasan ionadail no air &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.gaelic.org.uk/"&gt;B&amp;#xF2;rd na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig&lt;/a&gt; ma tha ceistean aca.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="&amp;#10;            oucontent-activity&amp;#10;           oucontent-s-heavybox1 oucontent-s-box &amp;#10;        oucontent-s-noheading&amp;#10;      "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-question"&gt;&lt;p&gt;8 Bheil G&amp;#xE0;idhlig na h-&amp;#xC8;ireann co-ionann ri G&amp;#xE0;idhlig na h-Alba?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-answer"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h4"&gt;Answer&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha G&amp;#xE0;idhlig na h-Alba mar ph&amp;#xE0;irt dhen teaghlach Ceilteach agus an dl&amp;#xF9;th-ch&amp;#xE0;irdeas ri Cuimris, c&amp;#xE0;nan na C&amp;#xF2;rn agus c&amp;#xE0;nan na Breatainne Bige. Tha G&amp;#xE0;idhlig nas dl&amp;#xF9;ithe buileach ri Gaelige na h-&amp;#xC8;irinn agus G&amp;#xE0;idhlig Eilean Mhanainn. Tha na tr&amp;#xEC; c&amp;#xE0;nain G&amp;#xE0;idhlig no Goidelic sin a’ tighinn bhon aon fhreumh agus an aon ch&amp;#xE0;nan.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha e furasta gu le&amp;#xF2;r do Gh&amp;#xE0;idheil an Alba agus an &amp;#xC8;ireann a bhith a’ c&amp;#xF2;mhradh nan c&amp;#xE0;nain fh&amp;#xE8;in anns an latha th’ ann. Tha co-ionannachd anns a’ bhriathrachas agus tha an d&amp;#xE0; ch&amp;#xE0;nan a’ d&amp;#xE8;iligeadh ri d&amp;#xF9;bhlain leasachadh c&amp;#xE0;nain an &amp;#xEC;re mhath anns an aon d&amp;#xF2;igh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha buidhnean craolaidh mar eisimpleir air tighinn c&amp;#xF2;mhla a l&amp;#xEC;bhrigeadh pr&amp;#xF2;graman far a bheileas a’ cleachdadh luchd-l&amp;#xEC;bhrigidh bhon d&amp;#xE0; thaobh de Shruth na Maoile.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Air adhbharan eachdraidheil agus cho faisg agus a tha Eilean &amp;#xCC;le air &amp;#xC8;irinn, ’s ann an sin a lorgar a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig Albannach as coltaiche ri c&amp;#xE0;nan na h-&amp;#xC8;irinn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="&amp;#10;            oucontent-activity&amp;#10;           oucontent-s-heavybox1 oucontent-s-box &amp;#10;        oucontent-s-noheading&amp;#10;      "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-question"&gt;&lt;p&gt;9 D&amp;#xE8; an inbhe laghail a tha aig G&amp;#xE0;idhlig?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-answer"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h4"&gt;Answer&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ghabh P&amp;#xE0;rlamaid na h-Alba ri Achd na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig (Alba) 2005 mar dh&amp;#xF2;igh air inbhe agus t&amp;#xE8;arainteachd fhaighinn dhan ch&amp;#xE0;nan mar chainnt oifigeil ann an Alba leis an aon &amp;#xEC;re sp&amp;#xE8;is agus a th’ aig Beurla.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;St&amp;#xE8;idhich Achd 2005 &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.gaidhlig.org.uk/"&gt;B&amp;#xF2;rd na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig&lt;/a&gt; (a’ phr&amp;#xEC;omh bhuidheann leasachaidh G&amp;#xE0;idhlig aig an Riaghaltas) mar mheadhan air leasachadh a chur air adhart.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Na ph&amp;#xE0;irt dhen sin bha uallach ri chur air buidhnean poblach Planaichean G&amp;#xE0;idhlig a dheisealachadh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chaidh seo a chur air adhart mar dh&amp;#xF2;igh air d&amp;#xE8;anamh cinnteach gu bheil an roinn phoblach ann an Alba a’ cur ri suidheachadh seasmhach a chruthachadh dhan Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig le bhith ag &amp;#xE0;rdachadh inbhe a’ ch&amp;#xE0;nain agus a’ cruthachadh cothroman cleachdaidh practaigeach.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chaidh am prionnsabal airson co-ionannachd sp&amp;#xE8;is fhighe dhan Achd ann an 2005 le P&amp;#xE0;rlamaid na h-Alba mar theachdaireachd l&amp;#xE0;idir mu luach a’ ch&amp;#xE0;nain. Bha seo ag aithneachadh gu bheil luchd-cleachdaidh na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig ag iarraidh G&amp;#xE0;idhlig a chleachdadh ann an d&amp;#xF2;igh cho &amp;#xE0;bhaisteach ’s a ghabhas agus gum bu ch&amp;#xF2;ir deagh r&amp;#xF9;n a nochdadh dhan Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig air feadh na d&amp;#xF9;thcha. Bha beachd l&amp;#xE0;idir ann nach bu ch&amp;#xF2;ir dhan ch&amp;#xE0;nan a bhith a’ fulang bho chion-sp&amp;#xE8;is no di-meas aig &amp;#xEC;re chorporra no le daoine fa-leth.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="&amp;#10;            oucontent-activity&amp;#10;           oucontent-s-heavybox1 oucontent-s-box &amp;#10;        oucontent-s-noheading&amp;#10;      "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-question"&gt;&lt;p&gt;10 D&amp;#xE8; th’ anns a’ Mh&amp;#xF2;d?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-answer"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h4"&gt;Answer&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S e am M&amp;#xF2;d R&amp;#xEC;oghail N&amp;#xE0;iseanta a’ phr&amp;#xEC;omh fh&amp;#xE8;is Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig ann an Alba agus tha e co-ionann ris an Eisteddfod anns a’ Chuimrigh. Tha am facal &amp;#x2018;m&amp;#xF2;d’ a’ ciallachadh &amp;#x2018;co-chruinneachadh’ no &amp;#x2018;tachartas’.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha am M&amp;#xF2;d ga sti&amp;#xF9;ireadh leis a’ Chomunn Gh&amp;#xE0;idhealach, t&amp;#xE8; de na buidhnean G&amp;#xE0;idhlig as sine a tha st&amp;#xE8;idhichte air ballrachd. St&amp;#xE8;idhichte anns an &amp;#xD2;ban ann an 1891, tha an Comunn air a bhith a’ seasamh c&amp;#xF2;irichean na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig bhon uairsin tro theagasg, ionnsachadh agus cleachdadh na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig a bharrachd air a bhith a’ brosnachadh litreachas, eachdraidh, ce&amp;#xF2;l agus ealain ann an G&amp;#xE0;idhlig.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tro bhith a’ cumail a’ Mh&amp;#xF2;id a’ dol agus tro obair leasachaidh ann an coimhearsnachdan G&amp;#xE0;idhlig, tha An Comunn G&amp;#xE0;idhealach a’ s&amp;#xEC;or chumail taic ris a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig agus a’ leasachadh a’ ch&amp;#xE0;nain tro ghnothaichean cultarail, eachdraidh agus dualchas aig gach &amp;#xEC;re, ionadail, n&amp;#xE0;iseanta agus eadar-n&amp;#xE0;iseanta. Tha am &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://acgmod.org/"&gt;M&amp;#xF2;d&lt;/a&gt; ann gach bliadhna (anns an D&amp;#xE0;mhair) ann an diofar &amp;#xE0;iteachan air feadh Alba.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="&amp;#10;            oucontent-activity&amp;#10;           oucontent-s-heavybox1 oucontent-s-box &amp;#10;        oucontent-s-noheading&amp;#10;      "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-question"&gt;&lt;p&gt;11 C&amp;#xE0;ite am faigh mi fiosrachadh mu leabhraichean G&amp;#xE0;idhlig?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-answer"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h4"&gt;Answer&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chaidh &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.gaelicbooks.net"&gt;Comhairle nan Leabhraichean&lt;/a&gt; a st&amp;#xE8;idheachadh ann an Glaschu airson daoine a mhisneachadh gu sgr&amp;#xF9;dadh, teagasg, e&amp;#xF2;las agus luach a chur air sgr&amp;#xEC;obhadh G&amp;#xE0;idhlig. Tha a’ Chomhairle cuideachd a’ toirt taic do thachartasan a dh’fhoillsicheas obair chruthachail ann an G&amp;#xE0;idhlig.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha Comhairle nan Leabhraichean a’ cuideachadh agus a’ comhairleachadh dhaoine air gnothaich sam bith co-cheangailte ri leabhraichean, foillseachadh agus goireasan ionnsachaidh. Tha e na amas aig a’ Chomhairle foillseachadh G&amp;#xE0;idhlig ann an Alba a chur air bonn-st&amp;#xE8;idh a tha seasmhach, a’ cur ris an &amp;#xE0;ireamh de leabhraichean de dh’iomadh se&amp;#xF2;rsa agus a’ tre&amp;#xF2;rachadh luchd-ionnsachaidh agus gan sti&amp;#xF9;ireadh gu fileantachd.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="&amp;#10;            oucontent-activity&amp;#10;           oucontent-s-heavybox1 oucontent-s-box &amp;#10;        oucontent-s-noheading&amp;#10;      "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-question"&gt;&lt;p&gt;12 C&amp;#xE0;ite am faigh mi fiosrachadh mu leabhraichean sgoile?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-answer"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h4"&gt;Answer&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha a’ bhuidheann &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.storlann.co.uk/"&gt;St&amp;#xF2;rlann N&amp;#xE0;iseanta na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig&lt;/a&gt; a’ co-&amp;#xF2;rdanachadh agus a’ sgaoileadh goireasan taice curaicealaim do sgoiltean a tha a’ teagasg G&amp;#xE0;idhlig.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha an St&amp;#xF2;rlann a’ deisealachadh goireasan teagaisg do chr&amp;#xF2;ileagain, bun-sgoiltean, &amp;#xE0;rd-sgoiltean agus buidhnean foghlaim fad-beatha.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha an St&amp;#xF2;rlann a’ reic cuid dhen stuth aca agus tha taghadh de ghoireasan eadar-ghn&amp;#xEC;omhach do ph&amp;#xE0;rantan rim faotainn an &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.gaelic4parents.com"&gt;seo&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gheibh teaghlaichean taic an sin le obair-dachaigh sgoile agus gnothaichean eile an co-cheangal ri foghlam G&amp;#xE0;idhlig.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="&amp;#10;            oucontent-activity&amp;#10;           oucontent-s-heavybox1 oucontent-s-box &amp;#10;        oucontent-s-noheading&amp;#10;      "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-question"&gt;&lt;p&gt;13 C&amp;#xE0;ite an lorg mi G&amp;#xE0;idhlig air an r&amp;#xE8;idio agus air an telebhisean?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-answer"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h4"&gt;Answer&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chaidh BBC ALBA a chur air adhart ann an 2008 mar shianal telebhisean na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig. ’S e co-bhanntachd a th’ ann eadar am BBC agus MG Alba.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/"&gt;BBC ALBA&lt;/a&gt; ri lorg mar a leanas:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul class="oucontent-bulleted"&gt;&lt;li&gt;Freeview sianal 8&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Cabal sianal 188&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Sky sianal 168&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Freesat sianal 110&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Be&amp;#xF2; air BBC iPlayer&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Gheibhear cuideachd 10 uairean a th&amp;#xEC;de taghte gach seachdain air BBC PC iPlayer agus BBC iPlayer tro Virgin Media&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/radionangaidheal/"&gt;BBC Radio nan G&amp;#xE0;idheal&lt;/a&gt;, an t-seirbheis n&amp;#xE0;iseanta r&amp;#xE8;idio a th’ air grunn dhuaisean a bhuinig, a’ craoladh air FM. Tha naidheachdan, ce&amp;#xF2;l, c&amp;#xF2;mhradh agus sp&amp;#xF2;rs air Radio nan G&amp;#xE0;idheal.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gheibhear Radio nan G&amp;#xE0;idheal tro chruinn FM air feadh Alba (ach a-mh&amp;#xE0;in na Cr&amp;#xEC;ochan, D&amp;#xF9;n Fris agus Gall-Gh&amp;#xE0;idhealaibh, Siorrachd &amp;#xC0;ir, Arcaibh is Sealtainn).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gheibhear cuideachd Radio nan G&amp;#xE0;idheal tro mheadhanan didsiteach telebhisein, DAB R&amp;#xE8;idio agus air-loidhne. Faodar na pr&amp;#xF2;graman r&amp;#xE8;idio a thogail be&amp;#xF2; no airson seachd latha an d&amp;#xE8;idh l&amp;#xE0;imhe air BBC iPlayer.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha BBC Radio nan G&amp;#xE0;idheal cuideachd a’ craoladh tro BhBC ALBA air sianal didsiteach an telebhisein nuair nach eil pr&amp;#xF2;graman telebhisein gan craoladh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha BBC Radio na G&amp;#xE0;idheal ri lorg air &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FM_broadcasting"&gt;FM&lt;/a&gt;: 103.5-105 &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megahertz"&gt;MHz&lt;/a&gt;,  &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Audio_Broadcasting"&gt;DAB&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freeview_(UK)"&gt;Freeview&lt;/a&gt;: 720 (ann an Alba a-mh&amp;#xE0;in), &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freesat"&gt;Freesat&lt;/a&gt;: 713 (&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_Alba_(TV_channel)"&gt;110&lt;/a&gt;), &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_(UK_%26_Ireland)"&gt;Sky&lt;/a&gt;: 0139 (&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_Alba_(TV_channel)"&gt;168&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Media"&gt;Virgin Media&lt;/a&gt;: 934; RDS: BBC GAEL)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha pr&amp;#xF2;graman G&amp;#xE0;idhlig gan craoladh air cuid de st&amp;#xE8;iseanan r&amp;#xE8;idio coimhearsnachd leithid Moray Firth Radio, st&amp;#xE8;idhichte ann an Inbhir Nis agus Isles FM anns na h-Eileanan Siar, Oban FM ann an Earra-Gh&amp;#xE0;idheal, Cuillin FM anns an Eilean Sgitheanach agus Nevis Radio ann an sg&amp;#xEC;re Loch Abair.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="&amp;#10;            oucontent-activity&amp;#10;           oucontent-s-heavybox1 oucontent-s-box &amp;#10;        oucontent-s-noheading&amp;#10;      "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-question"&gt;&lt;p&gt;14 An urrainnear G&amp;#xE0;idhlig a ghabhail aig &amp;#xEC;re Oilthigh is Colaiste?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-answer"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h4"&gt;Answer&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha grunn ch&amp;#xF9;rsaichean G&amp;#xE0;idhlig rim faotainn aig Colaistean agus Oilthighean ann an Alba, agus cuid eile thall thairis, mar eisimpleir ann an Canada. Tha cuid de na c&amp;#xF9;rsaichean gan teagaisg tron Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig gu h-iomlan – leithid an fheadhainn ann an &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/index_gd.html"&gt;Sabhal M&amp;#xF2;r Ostaig&lt;/a&gt; anns an Eilean Sgitheanach agus &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.lews.uhi.ac.uk/"&gt;Colaiste Caisteil Le&amp;#xF2;dhais&lt;/a&gt;, a tha le ch&amp;#xE8;ile nam p&amp;#xE0;irt de dh’&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.uhi.ac.uk/en"&gt;Oilthigh na G&amp;#xE0;idhealtachd is nan Eilean&lt;/a&gt; (UHI).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha ceumannan ann an Ceiltis agus G&amp;#xE0;idhlig air an tairgsinn ann an Oilthighean &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.gla.ac.uk/departments/celtic/"&gt;Ghlaschu&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.celtscot.ed.ac.uk/"&gt;Dh&amp;#xF9;n &amp;#xC8;ideann&lt;/a&gt; agus &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.abdn.ac.uk/celtic/"&gt;Obair Dheathain&lt;/a&gt; agus tha G&amp;#xE0;idhlig na p&amp;#xE0;irt cudromach anns an obair.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha c&amp;#xF9;rsaichean tr&amp;#xE8;anaidh luchd-teagaisg rim faighinn ann an Oilthigh Srath Chluaidh agus anns a’ Cholaiste Tuath ann an Obar Dheathain.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="&amp;#10;            oucontent-activity&amp;#10;           oucontent-s-heavybox1 oucontent-s-box &amp;#10;        oucontent-s-noheading&amp;#10;      "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-question"&gt;&lt;p&gt;15 C&amp;#xE0;ite bheil Colaiste N&amp;#xE0;iseanta na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-answer"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h4"&gt;Answer&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bho 1973, nuair a chaidh &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk"&gt;Sabhal M&amp;#xF2;r Ostaig&lt;/a&gt; a st&amp;#xE8;idheachadh anns an Eilean Sgitheanach, tha a’ cholaiste air inbhe a thogail gu h-eadar-n&amp;#xE0;iseanta mar Ionad N&amp;#xE0;iseanta airson cultar agus c&amp;#xE0;nan na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig. Tha a’ cholaiste na ball sgoilearach de UHI, Oilthigh na G&amp;#xE0;idhealtachd is nan Eilean, a’ tairgse &amp;#xE0;rd-&amp;#xEC;rean teagaisg agus cothroman rannsachaidh tron Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha Sabhal M&amp;#xF2;r Ostaig &amp;#xF9;r agus adhartach le f&amp;#xEC;or ghoireasan ionnsachaidh leithid leabhar-lann air leth, goireasan craolaidh agus cl&amp;#xE0;raidh, &amp;#xE0;iteachan-fuirich do dh’oileanaich agus goireasan &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.fasmor.org.uk/"&gt;c&amp;#xF9;ram chloinne&lt;/a&gt; tron Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha timcheall air 90 oileanach l&amp;#xE0;n-&amp;#xF9;ine anns a’ Cholaiste anns a’ bhliadhna 2011-12, le 260 a’ frithealadh c&amp;#xF9;rsaichean aig astar, agus 800 eile air &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/Foghlam/Tagh-Cursa/Cursaichean-Goirid/index_gd.html"&gt;c&amp;#xF9;rsaichean goirid&lt;/a&gt; gach bliadhna.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ann a bhith a’ co-obrachadh le buidhnean eile ann an Coimhearsnachd na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig tha a’ Cholaiste air a neartachadh gu m&amp;#xF2;r. Tha i cuideachd na dachaigh do ghrunn phr&amp;#xF2;iseactan cruthachail agus cultarail leithid &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.tobarandualchais.co.uk/"&gt;Tobar an Dualchais&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.faclair.ac.uk/"&gt;Faclair na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.soillse.ac.uk/index-en.php"&gt;Soillse&lt;/a&gt;, an t-ionad rannsachaidh &amp;#xF9;r agus &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.canan.co.uk"&gt;C&amp;#xE0;nan&lt;/a&gt;, a’ chompanaidh dealbhachaidh agus iomadh-meadhanach.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bidh a’ Cholaiste cuideachd gu m&amp;#xF2;r an s&amp;#xE0;s ann a bhith a’ brosnachadh ealain agus cultar na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig le pr&amp;#xF2;gram de luchd-ealain a’ tadhal agus a’ fuireach aig a’ Cholaiste, a’ gabhail a-steach ce&amp;#xF2;l, litreachas, dr&amp;#xE0;ma agus dealbhachd.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="&amp;#10;            oucontent-activity&amp;#10;           oucontent-s-heavybox1 oucontent-s-box &amp;#10;        oucontent-s-noheading&amp;#10;      "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-question"&gt;&lt;p&gt;16 A bheil bathar bog G&amp;#xE0;idhlig ri fhaotainn airson coimpiutaran?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-answer"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h4"&gt;Answer&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chaidh grunn phr&amp;#xF2;graman a dhealbh airson an cleachdadh tron Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig air coimpiutairean.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mar eisimpleir, chruthaich &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.opera.com/press/releases/2000/12/21/"&gt;Opera Software&lt;/a&gt;, a tha st&amp;#xE8;idhichte ann an Oslo, a’ chiad bhrabhsair G&amp;#xE0;idhlig airson an eadar-l&amp;#xEC;on. Tha e saor agus an asgaidh agus ri fhaotainn ann an G&amp;#xE0;idhlig na h-Alba agus &amp;#xC8;ireann, ann an Cuimris agus ann an c&amp;#xE0;nan na Breatainne Bige.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha innleachd eadar-theangachaidh ann air a bheil &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.microsoft.com/download/en/details.aspx?displaylang=gb&amp;amp;id=12852"&gt;Microsoft Captions Language Interface Pack&lt;/a&gt; (CLIP). Faodar CLIP a chleachdadh mar thaic c&amp;#xE0;nain no mar dh&amp;#xF2;igh air eadar-theangachadh agus diofar dual-chainnt a shoilleireachadh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha grunn ph&amp;#xEC;osan &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.languageresourceonline.com/group.asp?grp=309"&gt;bathair bog&lt;/a&gt; rim faotainn a tha cuideachail ann a bhith a’ teagasg gr&amp;#xE0;mar agus st&amp;#xF2;r fhaclan, an d&amp;#xE0; chuid airson DOS agus Macs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Faodar cuideachd G&amp;#xE0;idhlig a chleachdadh air &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.google.com/webhp?hl=gd"&gt;Google&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ma tha sibh ag iarraidh dearbhairean, mar eiseimpleir, chaidh An Dearbhair a leasachadh an toiseach airson Microsoft Word 2003 agus gheibhear e an &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://gaidhlig.ltscotland.org.uk/innealantaic/index.asp"&gt;seo&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha siostam G&amp;#xE0;idhlig ann airson &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="https://www.mozilla.com/gd/firefox/"&gt;Firefox&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha cruinneachadh de ch&amp;#xF2;rr is 500 facal a bhios feumail nuair a thathas a’ cleachdadh an eadar-l&amp;#xEC;n ri fhaotainn bho aig &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.anseotal.co.uk"&gt;Seotal&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="&amp;#10;            oucontent-activity&amp;#10;           oucontent-s-heavybox1 oucontent-s-box &amp;#10;        oucontent-s-noheading&amp;#10;      "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-question"&gt;&lt;p&gt;17 D&amp;#xE8; na faclairean G&amp;#xE0;idhlig as fheumaile?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-answer"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h4"&gt;Answer&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha deagh fhaclair air leth cudromach do neach-ionnsachaidh sam bith airson an sgilean a thoirt air adhart (agus gu dearbh do dh’fhileantaich). Tha eadar-theangachadh air an d&amp;#xE0; shlighe eadar an d&amp;#xE0; ch&amp;#xE0;nan gu math cuideachail. Gheibhear cobhair eadar-theangachaidh an-asgaidh tro ghrunn l&amp;#xE0;raich-l&amp;#xEC;n.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chaidh am faclair &lt;i&gt;The Teach Yourself Essential Gaelic Dictionary&lt;/i&gt;, fhoillseachadh le &amp;#xF9;rachadh ann an 2010, agus ’s e seo am faclair as goireasaiche.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha grunn eile ann a tha feumail air an cruthachadh le leithid Angus Watson, Gordon MacIllInnein agus Colin Mark agus tha fiosrachadh mun deidhinn ri fhaotainn bho &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.gaelicbooks.net"&gt;Chomhairle nan Leabhraichean&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha grunn fhaclairean air-loidhne ann a-nis leithid &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.dwelly.info/"&gt;Dwelly air-loidhne&lt;/a&gt; far a bheil an t-seann fhaclair aig Dwelly, a bha an &amp;#xEC;re mhath na shlat-tomhais fad iomadh bliadhna ri fhaotainn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The m&amp;#xF2;ran briathrachais ann an &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www2.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/sbg/lorg.php"&gt;St&amp;#xF2;r-data Briathrachais G&amp;#xE0;idhlig&lt;/a&gt; a chaidh a chruthachadh le Sabhal M&amp;#xF2;r Ostaig.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dh’fhoillsich an Riaghaltas &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/129226/0055783.pdf"&gt;Faclair na P&amp;#xE0;rlamaid&lt;/a&gt; ann an 2001, le st&amp;#xF2;r fhaclan a tha feumail a thaobh obair &amp;#xF9;ghdarrasan ionadail agus raointean obrach an Riaghaltais fh&amp;#xE8;in.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha Faclair airson Riaghaltas Ionadail ri lorg aig &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.cne-siar.gov.uk/gaelic/dictionary.asp"&gt;http://www.cne-siar.gov.uk/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;gaelic/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;dictionary.asp&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha pr&amp;#xF2;iseact &amp;#xF9;r &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.faclair.ac.uk/"&gt;Faclair na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig&lt;/a&gt; a-nis st&amp;#xE8;idhichte aig Sabhal M&amp;#xF2;r Ostaig, na cho-obrachadh eadar Oilthighean Obair Dheathain, D&amp;#xF9;n &amp;#xC8;ideann, Srath Chluaidh agus UHI. ’S e faclair eachdraidheil a tha seo, coltach ri na faclairean m&amp;#xF2;ra a chaidh a chruthachadh airson na c&amp;#xE0;nain Albais agus Beurla, &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.dsl.ac.uk"&gt;Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue&lt;/a&gt;, Faclair N&amp;#xE0;iseanta na h-Alba, (&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.dsl.ac.uk"&gt;Scottish National Dictionary&lt;/a&gt;) agus Faclair Beurla Oxford.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Th&amp;#xE8;id am faclair &amp;#xF9;r G&amp;#xE0;idhlig fhoillseachadh ann an riochd eileagtronaigeach an toiseach. Bidh am faclair a’ m&amp;#xEC;neachadh eachdraidh na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig agus cultar nan G&amp;#xE0;idheal bhon chiad fhianais ann an l&amp;#xE0;mh-sgr&amp;#xEC;obhainn f&amp;#xEC;or-thr&amp;#xE0;th, a’ cur G&amp;#xE0;idhlig ann an co-theacs le G&amp;#xE0;idhlig na h-&amp;#xC8;ireann. Agus a’ cheart cho cudromach sin, seallaidh e an ceangal eadar an d&amp;#xE0; she&amp;#xF2;rsa G&amp;#xE0;idhlig.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="&amp;#10;            oucontent-activity&amp;#10;           oucontent-s-heavybox1 oucontent-s-box &amp;#10;        oucontent-s-noheading&amp;#10;      "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-question"&gt;&lt;p&gt;18 C&amp;#xE0;ite am faigh mi a-mach mu ainmean pearsanta G&amp;#xE0;idhlig?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-answer"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h4"&gt;Answer&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha cuid de dh’ainmean a bhuineas dhan dualchas nach gabh eadar-theangachadh gu d&amp;#xEC;reach dhan Bheurla: Oighrig, air a bheil sinn e&amp;#xF2;lach gu le&amp;#xF2;r mar Euphemia (Effie) no Henrietta (Etta) (roimhe sin mar Henny no fi&amp;#xF9; Harriet), no, Diorbhal, a th’air a cheangal ri Dorothy, gun adhbhar ach gu bheil an litreachadh cha mh&amp;#xF2;r co-ionann; Gormul, far nach eil c&amp;#xE0;il idir co-ionann ann am Beurla agus e ga thionndadh an uair sin gu 'Gormelia' ar neo 'Dorothy'; Beathag, a th’ air a cheangal ri Becky (&amp;gt; Rebecca) agus fi&amp;#xF9; Betsy, no Sophie.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha cuid de dh’ainmean a’ nochdadh an G&amp;#xE0;idhlig an d&amp;#xE8;idh tighinn bhon t-seann ch&amp;#xE0;nan Lochlannach, leithid, mar eisimpleir Somhairle a tha mar as trice air a thionndadh am Beurla gu Sorley (no, gu h-eachdraidheil, Somerled).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha sinn cho e&amp;#xF2;lach air cuid de dh’ainmean G&amp;#xE0;idhlig gu bheileas gan cleachdadh gu math tric taobh a-muigh saoghal na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig ann an riochdan Beurla, leithid: Ailean, Aonghas, D&amp;#xF2;mhnall, Donnchadh, Coinneach, Murchadh (Alan, Angus, Donald, Duncan, Kenneth, Murdo). Iain (John), Alasdair (Alexander), Uilleam (William), Catr&amp;#xEC;ona (Catherine), Raibert (Robert), Cairist&amp;#xEC;ona (Christina), Anna (Ann), M&amp;#xE0;iri (Mary), Seumas (James), P&amp;#xE0;draig (Patrick) agus T&amp;#xF2;mas (Thomas). Tha Hamish gu math cumanta agus nas &amp;#xF9;ire na sin tha Mhairi (le fuaim [va&amp;#x2D0;ri]) agus tha iad sin a’ tighinn d&amp;#xEC;reach bhon Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig airson Seumas, James, agus M&amp;#xE0;iri, Mary.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha an leabhar &amp;#x2018;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.amazon.co.uk/Gaelic-Personal-Names-Donncha-OCorrain/dp/0906187397/ref=sr_1_6?s=books&amp;amp;ie=UTF8&amp;amp;qid=1307045401&amp;amp;sr=1-6"&gt;Gaelic Personal Names&lt;/a&gt;&amp;#x2018; le Donncha O'Corrain agus Fidelma Maguire, a chaidh fhoillseachadh ann an 1981 gu math feumail airson toiseach-t&amp;#xF2;iseachaidh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="&amp;#10;            oucontent-activity&amp;#10;           oucontent-s-heavybox1 oucontent-s-box &amp;#10;        oucontent-s-noheading&amp;#10;      "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-question"&gt;&lt;p&gt;19 A bheil p&amp;#xE0;ipearan-naidheachd G&amp;#xE0;idhlig ann?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-answer"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h4"&gt;Answer&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chan eil p&amp;#xE0;ipearan-naidheachd fa leth ann an G&amp;#xE0;idhlig ach tha colbhan, naidheachdan agus artaigilean ann an G&amp;#xE0;idhlig an grunn dhiubh, mar eisimpleir Courier Inbhir Nis, am Press &amp;amp; Journal, T&amp;#xEC;m an &amp;#xD2;bain, Gazette Ste&amp;#xF2;rnabhaigh agus P&amp;#xE0;ipear Beag an Eilein Sgitheanaich, a West Highland Free Press.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S e &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.scotsman.com/"&gt;An t-Albannach&lt;/a&gt; (The Scotsman) an aon ph&amp;#xE0;ipear-naidheachd n&amp;#xE0;iseanta anns a bheil sgr&amp;#xEC;obhadh G&amp;#xE0;idhlig gu cunbhalach.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha tomhais de sgr&amp;#xEC;obhadh G&amp;#xE0;idhlig ri lorg ann am p&amp;#xE0;ipearan-naidheachd coimhearsnachd air taobh siar na d&amp;#xF9;thcha agus tha tomhais dhen stuth sin a-nise a’ nochdadh air l&amp;#xE0;raich-l&amp;#xEC;n.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="&amp;#10;            oucontent-activity&amp;#10;           oucontent-s-heavybox1 oucontent-s-box &amp;#10;        oucontent-s-noheading&amp;#10;      "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-question"&gt;&lt;p&gt;20 A bheil aibidil eadar-dhealaichte aig G&amp;#xE0;idhlig bho Bheurla?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-answer"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h4"&gt;Answer&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha 18 litir anns an aibidil Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig agus a r&amp;#xE8;ir an dualchais bha ceangal aig gach litir ri ainm craoibhe no lus. Seo an fheadhainn nach eileas a’ cleachdadh ann an G&amp;#xE0;idhlig: j, k, q, v, w, x, y, z.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gheibhear &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.sqa.org.uk/files_ccc/SQA-Gaelic_Orthographic_Conventions-En-e.pdf"&gt;comhairle&lt;/a&gt; bho sti&amp;#xF9;ir &amp;#xD9;ghdarras Theisteanas na h-Alba air mar is c&amp;#xF2;ir d&amp;#xE8;iligeadh ri faclan anns a bheil na litrichean sin a’ nochdadh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="&amp;#10;            oucontent-activity&amp;#10;           oucontent-s-heavybox1 oucontent-s-box &amp;#10;        oucontent-s-noheading&amp;#10;      "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-question"&gt;&lt;p&gt;21 A bheil G&amp;#xE0;idhlig agus Albais coltach air dh&amp;#xF2;igh sam bith?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-answer"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h4"&gt;Answer&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cha bu ch&amp;#xF2;ir togail gu bheil Albais (Scots) co-ionnan ri Beurla Albannach no G&amp;#xE0;idhlig an Alba. Tha Albais ri chluinntinn ann an Alba, &amp;#xC8;ireann a Tuath agus anns a’ Phoblachd. Nochd rannsachadh a rinneadh le Riaghaltas na h-Alba gu robh 85% de na fhreagair an ceisteachan (mar sh&amp;#xE0;mhla de dh’inbhich na h-Alba) dhen bharail gu robh iad a’ bruidhinn Albais gu &amp;#xEC;re air choireigin.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha Albais, a th’ air a mheas mar &amp;#x2018;ch&amp;#xE0;nan traidiseanta’ le Riaghaltas na h-Alba, air a chomharrachadh mar &amp;#x2018;ch&amp;#xE0;nan roinneil no mion-ch&amp;#xE0;nan’ fo Chairt E&amp;#xF2;rpach nam Mion-ch&amp;#xE0;nan ris an do chuir Riaghaltas an RA l&amp;#xE0;mh ann an 2001. Air uair, bidh daoine a’ gabhail &amp;#x2018;Albannais nan Cr&amp;#xEC;ochan’ (Lowland Scots) air a’ ch&amp;#xE0;nan airson a chumail air leth bho Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig na h-Alba.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Seach nach eil f&amp;#xEC;or aonta ann air tomhaisean a tha a’ soilleireachadh an diofar eadar c&amp;#xE0;nan agus dual-chainnt, bidh sgoilearan gu math tric a’ deasbad mun inbhe eachdraidheil, c&amp;#xE0;nanach agus s&amp;#xF2;isealta aig Albais. Le sin, thathas gu math tric a’ d&amp;#xE8;anamh dheth gur e t&amp;#xE8; de na seann se&amp;#xF2;rsaichean Beurla a th’ ann le dual-chainnt &amp;#xE0;raid dhith fh&amp;#xE8;in.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Air uair eile, th&amp;#xE8;id a mheas gu bheil Albais na c&amp;#xE0;nan Gearmailteach, anns an aon d&amp;#xF2;igh is a bheil a’ ch&amp;#xE0;nan Lochlannach faisg air, ach eadar-dhealaichte bhon ch&amp;#xE0;nan Danmhairgeach.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chaidh ceist mu Albais a chur anns a’ Chunntas-sluaigh ann an Alba airson a’ chiad uair ann an 2011.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="&amp;#10;            oucontent-activity&amp;#10;           oucontent-s-heavybox1 oucontent-s-box &amp;#10;        oucontent-s-noheading&amp;#10;      "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-question"&gt;&lt;p&gt;22 Bheil G&amp;#xE0;idhlig ga bruidhinn an Alba a-mh&amp;#xE0;in?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-answer"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h4"&gt;Answer&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha G&amp;#xE0;idhlig air a bhith an Ceap Breatainn agus Alba Nuadh airson c&amp;#xF2;rr is 200 bliadhna gun bhriseadh agus sin a-nis an &amp;#xEC;re mhath na h-aon &amp;#xE0;iteachan far an cluinnear G&amp;#xE0;idhlig gu h-&amp;#xE0;bhaisteach taobh a-muigh Alba.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha beagan G&amp;#xE0;idhlig ri chluinntinn air Eilean a’ Phrionnsa (PEI), Bronsuig Nuadh, ann an Cunndaidh Ghlinn Garaidh ann an Ontario agus am measg eilthirich a tha a’ fuireach ann am pr&amp;#xEC;omh-bhailtean Chanada leithid Toronto.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Rinneadh Rannsachadh Buaidh Eaconamach le Riaghaltas Alba Nuadh ann an 2002 a bha a’ tomhas gu robh G&amp;#xE0;idhlig a’ toirt a-steach $23.5 millean gach bliadhna, le faisg air 380,000 neach a’ frithealadh mu 2,070 tachartas G&amp;#xE0;idhlig gach bliadhna.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;An d&amp;#xE8;idh an rannsachaidh seo th&amp;#xE0;inig aithisg agus ro-innleachd, &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.gov.ns.ca/tch/pubs/GaelicStrategy-English.pdf"&gt;The Gaelic Preservation Strategy&lt;/a&gt;, a ghabh eala ris a’ mhiann a bha anns a’ choimhearsnachd an c&amp;#xE0;nan a ghleidheadh agus aonta a shireadh air d&amp;#xF2;ighean leasachaidh iomchaidh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chaidh Oifis Iomairtean na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig (Office of Gaelic Affairs), a st&amp;#xE8;idheachadh mar mheur dhen Riaghaltas roinneil anns an D&amp;#xF9;bhlachd 2006, leis an uallach a bhith a’ misneachadh agus a’ co-obrachadh leis a’ choimhearsnachd Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha c&amp;#xF9;rsaichean G&amp;#xE0;idhlig rim faotainn ann an c&amp;#xF2;rr is dusan ionad foghlaim (leithid c&amp;#xF9;rsa air eachdraidh Chanada aig Ionad Tuath Nova, Alba Nuadh) a bharrachd air pr&amp;#xF2;graman adhartach aig &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.cbu.ca/academics/celtic-culture-and-gaelic/"&gt;Oilthighean Cheap Breatainn&lt;/a&gt;, Naomh &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Francis_Xavier_University"&gt;Francis Xavier&lt;/a&gt;, agus &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://gaelicacademy.ca/"&gt;Acadamaidh G&amp;#xE0;idhlig an Atlantaig&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha a’ cholaiste Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig airson Ealain agus Ci&amp;#xF9;ird Ceilteach ann an &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.gaeliccollege.edu/"&gt;St. Ann's&lt;/a&gt; a’ tairgse clasaichean samhraidh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="&amp;#10;            oucontent-activity&amp;#10;           oucontent-s-heavybox1 oucontent-s-box &amp;#10;        oucontent-s-noheading&amp;#10;      "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-question"&gt;&lt;p&gt;23 A bheil soidhnichean rathaid ann an G&amp;#xE0;idhlig s&amp;#xE0;bhailte?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-answer"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h4"&gt;Answer&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ann an grunn dh&amp;#xF9;thchannan leithid na Beilge, Fionnlan, &amp;#xC8;irinn agus an Eilbheis thathas a’ gabhail ri soidhnichean rathaid gu h-&amp;#xE0;bhaisteach agus chan eil ceist mh&amp;#xF2;r sam bith ga thogail mun d&amp;#xE8;idhinn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ann an d&amp;#xF9;thchannan eile far nach eil iomadh-ch&amp;#xE0;nan &amp;#xE0;bhaisteach, tha a’ cheist gu math connspaideach aig amannan. Tha an deasbad mar as trice co-cheangailte ri s&amp;#xE0;bhailteachd agus cosgais.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chan eil dearbhadh sam bith ann a tha ag r&amp;#xE0;dh gu bheil soidhnichean le iomadh c&amp;#xE0;nan cunnartach. Tha soidhnichean G&amp;#xE0;idhlig gam meas gu math cudromach ann a bhith a’ togail aire gu inbhe na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig agus ga h-&amp;#xE0;bhaisteachadh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Airson tuilleadh fiosrachaidh agus coimeas eadar soidhnichean rathaid iomadh-ch&amp;#xE0;nanach agus cuid de na ceistean a tha gan deasbad ann an Nirribhidh, Alba agus an Eadailt, cliog an &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.era.lib.ed.ac.uk/bitstream/1842/2118/1/2007PuzeyGDissertationMSc.pdf"&gt;seo&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="&amp;#10;            oucontent-activity&amp;#10;           oucontent-s-heavybox1 oucontent-s-box &amp;#10;        oucontent-s-noheading&amp;#10;      "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-question"&gt;&lt;p&gt;24 Bheil leithid de rud ann is G&amp;#xE0;idhlig &amp;#x2018;choitcheann’?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-answer"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h4"&gt;Answer&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha beairteas is modhan cainnt l&amp;#xE0;idir is luachmhor anns a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cleas a h-uile c&amp;#xE0;nan eile a tha be&amp;#xF2; agus ag atharrachadh (Beurla nam measg) tha G&amp;#xE0;idhlig air raon farsaing de dh’fhaclan a ghabhail a-staigh thar nam bliadhnaichean. Tha iad air tighinn bho leithid Laideann, Greugais, Lochlannais, Beurla agus Fraingis mar a tha a’ ch&amp;#xE0;nan air a bhith ga h-&amp;#xF9;rachadh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Air an l&amp;#xE0;imh eile, tha e cuideachd f&amp;#xEC;or gun deach tomhas mhath de dh’fhaclan G&amp;#xE0;idhlig &amp;#xE0; Alba agus &amp;#xC8;ireann a thogail le c&amp;#xE0;nain eile, leithid Beurla.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mar eisimpleir: tha G&amp;#xE0;idhlig &lt;i&gt;galore&lt;/i&gt;, no gu le&amp;#xF2;r a’ nochdadh nar cainnt l&amp;#xE0;itheil. &amp;#x2018;&lt;i&gt;Do you twig&lt;/i&gt;’, no an tuig thu? &amp;#x2018;S d&amp;#xF2;cha gum bu mhiann leat uisge-beatha (ann an iomadh riochd)? Agus an d&amp;#xE8;idh drama no dh&amp;#xE0; a dhol gu c&amp;#xE8;ilidh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="&amp;#10;            oucontent-activity&amp;#10;           oucontent-s-heavybox1 oucontent-s-box &amp;#10;        oucontent-s-noheading&amp;#10;      "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-question"&gt;&lt;p&gt;25 Bheil teisteanasan G&amp;#xE0;idhlig ann a bhiodh feumail son cosnadh?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-answer"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h4"&gt;Answer&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha barrachd is barrachd chompanaidhean a-nis a’ lorg dhaoine le G&amp;#xE0;idhlig. Tha grunn raointean obrach ann far a bheil e feumail ma tha comas air choireigin aig tagraiche ann an G&amp;#xE0;idhlig agus far a bheil sin buannachdail.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha G&amp;#xE0;idhlig air a mheas gu math cudromach ann an raointean leithid turasachd, teagasg, craoladh agus obraichean eile co-cheangailte riutha sin. A bharrachd air a bhith na c&amp;#xE0;nan inntinneach aig cridhe cultair agus dualchas na h-Alba, tha G&amp;#xE0;idhlig fhathast na p&amp;#xE0;irt de bheatha dhaoine anns an latha an-diugh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha an neach a dh’ionnsaicheas G&amp;#xE0;idhlig a’ faighinn tuigse air eachdraidh, &amp;#xF2;rain agus litreachas na l&amp;#xF9;ib, a bharrachd air buannachd cosnaidh. Tha ceudan chosnaidhean ann far a bheil G&amp;#xE0;idhlig cudromach, agus mar a tha coimhearsnachd na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig a’ f&amp;#xE0;s, thig cothroman eile an l&amp;#xF9;ib na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig a r&amp;#xE8;ir sin.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha na h-oilthighean a-nis a’ tairgse raon de ch&amp;#xF9;rsaichean aig &amp;#xEC;re ceum le G&amp;#xE0;idhlig agus/no C&amp;#xE0;nain Ceilteach, gu math tric le taghadh de chuspairean eile. ’S e cuid de na h-ionadan a tha a’ teagasg G&amp;#xE0;idhlig Oilthighean Ghlaschu, Obar Dheathain, D&amp;#xF9;n &amp;#xC8;ideann, Sabhal M&amp;#xF2;r Ostaig anns an Eilean Sgitheanach, Colaiste a’ Chaisteil ann an Ste&amp;#xF2;rnabhagh, Colaiste Telford ann an D&amp;#xF9;n &amp;#xC8;ideann, agus Colaiste Stow ann an Glaschu.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.sqa.org.uk/sqa/CCC_FirstPage.jsp"&gt;&amp;#xD9;ghdarras Teisteanas na h-Alba&lt;/a&gt; (SQA) a’ cur air adhart c&amp;#xF9;rsaichean fa-leth do dh’fhileantaich agus luchd-ionnsachaidh, agus ’s e &amp;#x2018;G&amp;#xE0;idhlig’ a’ th’ air an fheadhainn do dh’fhileantaich. Tha na c&amp;#xF9;rsaichean airson G&amp;#xE0;idhlig (Luchd-ionnsachaidh) agus G&amp;#xE0;idhlig a’ toirt a chothrom do dhaoine sgilean litreachais agus cainnt a leasachadh. Tha na c&amp;#xF9;rsaichean sin cuideachd a’ toirt sealladh is e&amp;#xF2;las air cultar, d&amp;#xF2;igh-smaoineachaidh agus &amp;#xE0;rainneachd coimhearsnachdan nan G&amp;#xE0;idheal.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="&amp;#10;            oucontent-activity&amp;#10;           oucontent-s-heavybox1 oucontent-s-box &amp;#10;        oucontent-s-noheading&amp;#10;      "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-question"&gt;&lt;p&gt;26 An e t&amp;#xE8; de ch&amp;#xE0;nain c&amp;#xE0;nan n&amp;#xE0;iseanta na h-Alba a th’ anns a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-answer"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h4"&gt;Answer&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha l&amp;#xE0;n ch&amp;#xF2;ir aig G&amp;#xE0;idhlig air leithid de dh’inbhe anns an t-seadh gu robhas ga bruidhinn air feadh a’ mh&amp;#xF2;r-chuid dhen d&amp;#xF9;thaich r&amp;#xE8; &amp;#xF9;ine. Chan eil sin ag r&amp;#xE0;dh gur h-i G&amp;#xE0;idhlig a-mh&amp;#xE0;in a’ ch&amp;#xE0;nan n&amp;#xE0;iseanta.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha G&amp;#xE0;idhlig aig teis-mheadhan saoghal cultarail na h-Alba. ’S i G&amp;#xE0;idhlig a bh’ aig seann r&amp;#xEC;ghrean na h-Alba agus bha i aig MacBheatha agus Raibeart Brus; agus tha m&amp;#xF2;ran ainmean-&amp;#xE0;ite air feadh na d&amp;#xF9;thcha an-diugh nan dearbhadh air mar a sgap na G&amp;#xE0;idheil tro Alba.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha gl&amp;#xE8; bheag de dh’&amp;#xE0;iteachan far nach eil co-dhi&amp;#xF9; beagan de chomharradh gun deach an ainmeachadh le G&amp;#xE0;idheil, bho &lt;i&gt;Balerno&lt;/i&gt; (baile &amp;#xE0;irneach &amp;#x2018;hawthorn farm’) ann am Meadhan Lodainn gu &lt;i&gt;Baile Mh&amp;#xE0;rtainn&lt;/i&gt; ann an Uibhist a Tuath, bho &lt;i&gt;Craigentinny&lt;/i&gt; (creag an t-sionnaich &amp;#x2018;fox craig’) ann an D&amp;#xF9;n &amp;#xC8;ideann gu &lt;i&gt;Aultivullin&lt;/i&gt; (allt a’ mhuilinn &amp;#x2018;mill burn’) ann am f&amp;#xEC;or cheann a tuath Ghallaibh; bho &lt;i&gt;Drummore&lt;/i&gt; (druim m&amp;#xF2;r &amp;#x2018;big ridge’) ann an Gall-Gh&amp;#xE0;idhealaibh gu &lt;i&gt;Cairnbulg&lt;/i&gt; (c&amp;#xE0;rn builg &amp;#x2018;gap cairn’) faisg air a’ Bhruaich.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ann an t&amp;#xF2;rr &amp;#xE0;iteachan far nach eilear a’ cleachdadh na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig gu h-&amp;#xE0;bhaisteach, leithid Gall-Gh&amp;#xE0;idhealaibh, F&amp;#xEC;obha no Siorrachd Obar Dheathain, tha an &amp;#xE0;rainneachd air a chomharrachadh le ainmean G&amp;#xE0;idhlig gu &amp;#xEC;re mh&amp;#xF2;ir.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Anns na 12mh agus 13mh linn, nuair a bha G&amp;#xE0;idhlig aig a h-&amp;#xE0;irde air feadh Alba, bha luchd-labhairt na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig rin lorg anns a h-uile &amp;#xE0;ite. Tha rannsachadh a’ dearbhadh gur ann anns an 12mh linn a chaidh na h-ainmean &amp;#xE0;ite as cumanta leithid &lt;i&gt;baile&lt;/i&gt; &amp;#x2018;farm, settlement’, agus &lt;i&gt;achadh&lt;/i&gt; &amp;#x2018;field’, a chleachdadh an toiseach.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="&amp;#10;            oucontent-activity&amp;#10;           oucontent-s-heavybox1 oucontent-s-box &amp;#10;        oucontent-s-noheading&amp;#10;      "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-question"&gt;&lt;p&gt;27 D&amp;#xE8; na tha Riaghaltas na h-Alba a’ cosg air G&amp;#xE0;idhlig?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-answer"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h4"&gt;Answer&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ann an 2011-12, bidh an Riaghaltas an Alba a’ cosg mu &amp;#xA3;23 millean air G&amp;#xE0;idhlig. Tha seo mar gum biodh mu 0.07% den &amp;#xA3;29 billean ionmhais a th’ aig Riaghaltas na h-Alba gu h-iomlan.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A-mach &amp;#xE0;s an &amp;#xA3;23 millean, tha &amp;#xA3;5.1m mu choinneamh B&amp;#xF2;rd na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig; tha &amp;#xA3;4.6 millean air a chomharrachadh airson Sgeama nan Tabhartasan S&amp;#xF2;nraichte a tha air a roinn am measg nan 21 &amp;#xD9;ghdarras Ionadail feadh Alba; tha MG ALBA a’ faighinn taic de &amp;#xA3;11.8 millean airson an t-sianail telebhisein agus gnothaichean eile an-l&amp;#xF9;ib sin. Tha &amp;#xA3;1.1 millean ann an St&amp;#xF2;ras Calpa nan Sgoiltean airson cuideachadh le obair leithid togalaichean a bhiodh &amp;#xF9;ghdarrasan ionadail airson a thogail no a leasachadh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="&amp;#10;            oucontent-activity&amp;#10;           oucontent-s-heavybox1 oucontent-s-box &amp;#10;        oucontent-s-noheading&amp;#10;      "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-question"&gt;&lt;p&gt;28 Nach bu ch&amp;#xF2;ir do chloinn a bhith ag ionnsachadh c&amp;#xE0;nain eile leithid c&amp;#xE0;nan S&amp;#xEC;onach, no c&amp;#xE0;nan &amp;#xF9;r E&amp;#xF2;rpach?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-answer"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h4"&gt;Answer&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha iomadh c&amp;#xE0;nan ri chluinntinn ann an Alba an-diugh, ’s d&amp;#xF2;cha suas gu 106 a-r&amp;#xE8;ir aithris. Tha iomadh cothrom an l&amp;#xF9;ib sin do shluagh d&amp;#xF9;thaich le timcheall air 5 millean duine a thaobh iomadachd cultair, cothroman eaconamach agus leasachaidhean foghlaim. Tha Riaghaltas na h-Alba ag r&amp;#xE0;dh gur e maoin luachmhor a th’ anns a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig dhan d&amp;#xF9;thaich.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha e cumanta gu le&amp;#xF2;r air feadh an t-saoghail gum biodh barrachd air d&amp;#xE0; ch&amp;#xE0;nan aig clann bho &amp;#xE0;m breith, ach anns a’ mh&amp;#xF2;r-chuid dhen Roinn E&amp;#xF2;rpa, ’s e gnothach caran &amp;#xF9;r a tha seo.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Air sg&amp;#xE0;th sin, tha amharas ann gu bheil clann a tha a’ f&amp;#xE0;s suas le barrachd air aon ch&amp;#xE0;nan ann an suidheachadh &amp;#x2018;s&amp;#xF2;nraichte’ no fi&amp;#xF9;s &amp;#x2018;cunnartach’ a-thaobh an leasachaidh agus tha d&amp;#xE0;-ch&amp;#xE0;nanas fhathast air a chuairteachadh le m&amp;#xEC;-thuigse agus beachdan &amp;#xE0;icheil. ’S e cion-fiosrachaidh a th’ air c&amp;#xF9;l m&amp;#xF2;ran dhen seo.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S e cnag na c&amp;#xF9;ise nach eil mothachadh gu le&amp;#xF2;r aig daoine air na buannachdan a tha an l&amp;#xF9;ib d&amp;#xE0;-ch&amp;#xE0;nanas agus ’s e f&amp;#xEC;rinn na c&amp;#xF9;ise gu bheil a bhith ag ionnsachadh ch&amp;#xE0;nan, agus chan eil e gu diofar cia mheud, gu math feumail agus tha iomadh buannachd na l&amp;#xF9;ib do luchd-ionnsachaidh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="&amp;#10;            oucontent-activity&amp;#10;           oucontent-s-heavybox1 oucontent-s-box &amp;#10;        oucontent-s-noheading&amp;#10;      "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-question"&gt;&lt;p&gt;29 D&amp;#xE8; na buannachdan a tha an l&amp;#xF9;ib d&amp;#xE0;-ch&amp;#xE0;nanas?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-answer"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h4"&gt;Answer&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha rannsachadh air dearbhadh gu bheil d&amp;#xE0;-ch&amp;#xE0;nanas a’ cuideachadh chloinne gan leasachadh agus gan toirt air adhart. Tha clann a tha air a bhith le barrachd air aon ch&amp;#xE0;nan nas dualtaich a bhith mothachail air diofar chultaran, air daoine eile agus am beachdan fa-leth.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha iad cuideachd buailteach a bhith nas fhe&amp;#xE0;rr air iomadh-gn&amp;#xEC;omh, agus a bhith a’ cumail aire air c&amp;#xF9;isean.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gu math tric tha iad adhartach ann an sgilean leughaidh agus tha e gu math nas fhasa dhaibh c&amp;#xE0;nain eile a thogail. Tha d&amp;#xE0; ch&amp;#xE0;nan a’ tairgse m&amp;#xF2;ran a bharrachd air d&amp;#xE0; ch&amp;#xE0;nan do chloinn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ann an 2011 bha Foghlam tron Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig ri fhaighinn ann an 14 sg&amp;#xEC;re &amp;#xD9;ghdarrais Ionadail an Alba agus tha e air a dhearbhadh mar aon de na d&amp;#xF2;ighean as fhe&amp;#xE0;rr air tighinn gu fileantachd. Tha air soirbheachadh le Foghlam tron Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig ann a bhith a’ togail aire agus &amp;#xF9;idh dhaoine.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dhearbh rannsachadh &amp;#xF9;r bho Oilthigh Dh&amp;#xF9;n &amp;#xC8;ideann gu bheil clann air an oideachadh tron Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig cho math no nas fhe&amp;#xE0;rr na clann le aon ch&amp;#xE0;nan ann an iomadach d&amp;#xF2;igh. Tha clann a tha dol tro fhoghlam G&amp;#xE0;idhlig a’ buannachadh ann an d&amp;#xF2;ighean ionnsachaidh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha cothrom aca air litreachas eile agus d&amp;#xF2;ighean eile air a bhith a’ smaoineachadh agus gan gi&amp;#xF9;lain fh&amp;#xE8;in. Tha tuigse nas fhe&amp;#xE0;rr aig clann le G&amp;#xE0;idhlig air an &amp;#xE0;ite ann am f&amp;#xE8;in-aithne chultair na h-Alba. Tha iomadh cothrom cosnaidh a bharrachd aig clann a tha d&amp;#xE0;-ch&amp;#xE0;nanach. Tha clann a fhuair barrachd air aon ch&amp;#xE0;nan nan &amp;#xF2;ige nas buailtiche a bhith nas fhe&amp;#xE0;rr air an aire a chumail air iomadh-gn&amp;#xEC;omhan. Tha iad nas fhe&amp;#xE0;rr air leughadh agus tha e nas fhasa dhaibh c&amp;#xE0;nain eile a thogail.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="&amp;#10;            oucontent-activity&amp;#10;           oucontent-s-heavybox1 oucontent-s-box &amp;#10;        oucontent-s-noheading&amp;#10;      "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-question"&gt;&lt;p&gt;30 C&amp;#xE0;ite am faigh mi fiosrachadh mu &amp;#xF2;rain Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-answer"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h4"&gt;Answer&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chaidh l&amp;#xE0;rach-l&amp;#xEC;n &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.tobarandualchais.co.uk/"&gt;Tobar an Dualchais&lt;/a&gt; (Kist o Riches) fhoillseachadh an toiseach ann an 2010. Tha na m&amp;#xEC;ltean de dh’&amp;#xF2;rain cl&amp;#xE0;raichte an seo bho ann an G&amp;#xE0;idhlig, am Beurla agus ann an Albais. Tha sgeulachdan ann, &amp;#xF2;rain, beul-aithris, b&amp;#xE0;rdachd agus iomadh se&amp;#xF2;rsa fiosrachaidh eile. Chaidh an stuth a chruinneachadh air feadh Alba bho na 1930an.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chaidh na th’ air a chl&amp;#xE0;radh a thional bho Sgoil E&amp;#xF2;lais na h-Alba (Oilthigh Dh&amp;#xF9;n &amp;#xC8;ideann), BBC Alba agus Cruinneachadh a’ Chaimbeulaich a tha le Urras N&amp;#xE0;iseanta na h-Alba ann an Canaigh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S e 2010 Bliadhna nan &amp;#xD2;ran air BBC Radio nan G&amp;#xE0;idheal agus BBC ALBA agus tron bhliadhna chaidh sreath de phr&amp;#xF2;graman s&amp;#xF2;nraichte a chraoladh, nam measg &amp;#xD2;ran an L&amp;#xE0;, far an deach aon &amp;#xF2;ran a chomharrachadh mu choinneimh gach latha anns a’ bhliadhna le fiosrachadh mionaideach mun deidhinn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha an l&amp;#xE0;rach-l&amp;#xEC;n &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/oran/"&gt;Bliadhna nan Oran&lt;/a&gt; again mar dh&amp;#xEC;leab bhon phr&amp;#xF2;iseact sin agus tha cothrom an sin s&amp;#xF9;il a thoirt air an fhiosrachadh a tha an-l&amp;#xF9;ib nan &amp;#xF2;ran ann an d&amp;#xF2;igh s&amp;#xEC;mplidh agus furasta a l&amp;#xE0;imhseachadh. Tha an l&amp;#xE0;rach air a roinn ann an earannan leithid &amp;#xD2;rain, Sgr&amp;#xEC;obhaichean, Cuspairean, A-Z agus M&amp;#xF2;d.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-7</guid>
    <dc:title>7 Ceistean Cumanta</dc:title><dc:identifier>Gaidhlig_1</dc:identifier><dc:description>&lt;div class="
            oucontent-activity
           oucontent-s-heavybox1 oucontent-s-box 
        oucontent-s-noheading
      "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-question"&gt;&lt;p&gt;1 Cò às a thàinig Gàidhlig?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-answer"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h4"&gt;Answer&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S e Gàidhlig tè de chànain na h-Alba agus tha buaidh a’ chànain ri fhaicinn air feadh na dùthcha, tro na linntean agus gu h-àraidh ann an ainmean-àite.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Buinidh Gàidhlig dhan teaghlach Ceilteach, le dlùth-chàirdeas do Chuimris, cànan a’ Chòrn agus cànan na Breatainne Bige.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha i nas dlùithe buileach do Ghaeilge na h-Èireann agus cànan Eilean Mhanainn. Tha na trì seòrsaichean Gàidhlig sin, no cànain Goidelic, uile a’ tighinn bho aon chànan a bha ga bruidhinn ann an Èireann anmoch anns a’ chiad mìle bliadhna BC agus a’ chiad mile bliadhna AD.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha sgrìobhaichean ann an Laideann a’ toirt iomradh air daoine a bha a’ fuireach ann an Èireann, agus a bhiodh a’ còmhradh anns a’ chànan seo, mar Scotti, agus a’ gabhail Scotia air Èireann.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Anns na Meadhan Aoisean, gabh iad thuca fhèin ainm nam Breatannach, Goídil, na Gàidheil. Bha Gàidhlig air tighinn gu iar-thuath na dùthcha, gu Earra-Ghàidheal ron 6mh linn AD aig a’ char as fhaide.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha deasbad ann fhathast mu dìreach ciamar a thàinig Gàidhlig gu Alba, ach tha gu leòr dhen bheachd gur e gluasad sluaigh as bh’ ann eadar Èireann agus Alba. Tha e cinnteach gu leòr ged-tà gu robh luchd-riaghlaidh agus pearsachan-eaglais Earra-Ghàidheil agus Dàl Riata (a bha fhathast a’ gabhail a-staigh ceàrnaidhean de cheann-a-tuath Èirinn) a’ cleachdadh na Gàidhlig ron 6mh linn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="
            oucontent-activity
           oucontent-s-heavybox1 oucontent-s-box 
        oucontent-s-noheading
      "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-question"&gt;&lt;p&gt;2 Cia mheud neach a bhruidhneas Gàidhlig?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-answer"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h4"&gt;Answer&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Anns a’ Chunntas Sluaigh ann an 2001 chaidh tomhas gu robh comasan labhairt agus/no sgrìobhaidh/tuigse ann an Gàidhlig aig 92,400 neach (1.9% de mhòr-shluagh na h-Alba).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bha an àireamh sin a’ gabhail a-staigh 58,652 (1.2% de mhòr-shluagh na h-Alba) a bhruidhneadh Gàidhlig.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table oucontent-s-normal oucontent-s-box"&gt;&lt;h3 class="oucontent-h3 oucontent-heading oucontent-nonumber"&gt;Cunntas-sluaigh 2001&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-table-wrapper"&gt;&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td/&gt;&lt;td&gt;Sluagh iomlan aig aois 3+ (=100%)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Comasach air Gàidhlig a bhruidhinn&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Comas labhairt, sgrìobhaidh, leughaidh&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Comas labhairt, leughaidh, sgrìobhaidh, no tuigse&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Alba&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;4,900,492&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;58,652 (1.2%)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;65,674 (1.3%)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;92,386 (1.9%)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ged a bha lughdachadh ann an àireamh luchd-labhairt na Gàidhlig gu h-iomlan anns a’ Chunntas mu dheireadh, eadar 1991 agus 2001 bha àrdachadh anns an àireamh far am b’ urrainn do dhaoine bruidhinn anns a’ chànan agus aig an robh sgilean leughaidh agus sgrìobhaidh a bharrachd air sin. Tha seo a’ dearbhadh àrdachadh ann an comasan litearrachd ann an Gàidhlig agus cuideachd anns an luchd-ionnsachaidh. Bha fàs cuideachd anns an àireamh chloinne eadar aois 5-15 aig an robh Gàidhlig eadar 1991 agus 2001.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="
            oucontent-activity
           oucontent-s-heavybox1 oucontent-s-box 
        oucontent-s-noheading
      "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-question"&gt;&lt;p&gt;3 Càite an cluinnear Gàidhlig an-diugh?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-answer"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h4"&gt;Answer&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cluinnear a’ Ghàidhlig air feadh na h-Alba. Tha beagan a bharrachd is leth dhen àireamh ann an Cunntas-sluaigh 2001 a’ fuireach ann an sgìrean na Gàidhealtachd (roinn Chomhairle na Gàidhealtachd, Earra-Ghàidheal is Bhòid agus sgìre Chomhairle nan Eilean Siar) agus beagan nas lugha na leth dhen àireamh (45%) deas air an sin.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha Gàidhlig aig a’ mhòr-chuid ann an sgìre Chomhairle nan Eilean Siar agus ann am paraiste Chille Mhoire anns an Eilean Sgitheanach, ann an Roinn na Gàidhealtachd. Chan eil ach beagan dhen cheathramh cuid de luchd-labhairt na Gàidhlig a’ còmhnaidh ann an sgìrean far a bheil iad anns a’ mhòr-chuid.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha luchd-labhairt na Gàidhlig air an tarraing chun bhaile-mhòir, le mòran a’ fuireach an Glaschu no mun cuairt air, an Dùn Èideann, Inbhir Nis agus Obair Dheathain. Mar eisimpleir tha 11,211 le Gàidhlig, sin 19% dhen àireamh gu h-iomlan, a’ fuireach mu Mòr-bhaile Ghlaschu a-rèir Cunntas-sluaigh 2001.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Lorgar cuideachd luchd-labhairt na Gàidhlig an dùthchannan cèin feadh an t-saoghail, a’ mhòr-chuid dhiùbh le ceangal eilthireach agus eachdraidheil ri Alba bho àm nam Fuadaichean.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha a’ Ghàidhlig fhathast beò ann an Ceap Breatainn ann an Canada le mòran a’ tachairt ann an saoghal foghlaim agus ealain na dùthcha sin. Tha àireamh cudromach dhaoine air ùidh a thogail ann a bhith ag ionnsachadh na Gàidhlig ann an dùthchannan leithid na Gearmailt, An Spàinn, dùthchannan taobh an Ear na Roinn Eòrpa agus Ceann a Tuath Ameireaga. Tha sgoilearan an Iapan cuideachd air ùidh a nochdadh anns a’ chànan.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="
            oucontent-activity
           oucontent-s-heavybox1 oucontent-s-box 
        oucontent-s-noheading
      "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-question"&gt;&lt;p&gt;4 Càite an lorg mi fiosrachadh mu bhuidhnean Gàidhlig?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-answer"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h4"&gt;Answer&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha grunn bhuidhnean cudromach ann an saoghal na Gàidhlig. Tha an Riaghaltas a’ foillseachadh fiosrachadh mun obair aca fhèin agus ceangail ri buidhnean eile. Tha leithid eile ga dhèanamh le ùghdarrasan ionadail.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S e &lt;span class="oucontent-linkwithtip"&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.gaidhlig.org.uk"&gt;Bòrd na Gàidhlig&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; a’ phrìomh bhuidheann poblach le dleastanas airson leasachadh na Gàidhlig agus tha uallach air a’ Bhòrd gu sònraichte airson foghlam Gàidhlig a chur air adhart. Tha làrach-lìn a’ Bhùird a’ ceangal ri buidhnean eile.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S e &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/alba/"&gt;BBC ALBA&lt;/a&gt; an sianal ùr telebhisein agus còmhla ri &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/radionangaidheal/"&gt;BBC Radio nan Gàidheal&lt;/a&gt; tha iad a’ cumail fiosrachadh ris an t-sluagh mu phrògraman.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha Roinnean Gàidhlig no Ceiltis aig na h-Oilthighean ann an Glaschu, Obair Dheathain, agus Dùn Èideann agus ’s e &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/"&gt;Sabhal Mòr Ostaig&lt;/a&gt; anns an Eilean Sgitheanach, a tha na pàirt de dh’&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://uhi.ac.uk/en"&gt;Oilthigh na Gàidhealtachd is nan Eilean&lt;/a&gt; (UHI), a’ phrìomh ionad Gàidhlig a tha a’ tairgse raon farsaing de chùrsaichean agus goireasan rannsachaidh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="
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      "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-question"&gt;&lt;p&gt;5 Càite am faighear fiosrachadh mu ainmean-àite?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-answer"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h4"&gt;Answer&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S e Ainmean-Àite na h-Alba (AÀA) a’ cho-bhanntachd comhairleachaidh nàiseanta airson Ainmean-àite Gàidhlig na h-Alba. Tha a’ bhuidheann seo ag aontachadh riochd ainmean-àite airson leithid soidhnichean rathaid, mapaichean agus fiosrachadh coitcheann. Tha an obair aca air a bhonntachadh air eòlas agus taic ghrunn bhuidhnean, fiosrachadh ionadail agus stòras eachdraidheil ach an tèid ainmean-àite aontachadh ann an dòigh cinnteach is rianail.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha AÀA a’ cleachdadh siostam litreachaidh agus stiùireadh &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.sqa.org.uk/files_ccc/SQA-Gaelic_Orthographic_Conventions-En-e.pdf"&gt;Gnàthas Litreachaidh na Gàidhlig 2009&lt;/a&gt; (GOC) airson cunbhalachd.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha AÀA cuideachd air a bhith ag obair an co-bhuinn ris an t-Suirbhidh Òrdanais (OS), ùghdarrasan ionadail agus buidhnean poblach eile bho 2000, a’ frithealadh am feumalachdan airson mapaichean agus soidhnichean. Tha &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.ainmean-aite.org/"&gt;AÀA&lt;/a&gt; a’ stèidheachadh faclair ainmean-àiteachan nàiseanta mar a chaidh moladh anns a’ Phlana Gàidhlig Nàiseanta.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="
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      "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-question"&gt;&lt;p&gt;6 Bheil e doirbh Gàidhlig ionnsachadh?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-answer"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h4"&gt;Answer&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chan eil a’ cheist sin cho sìmplidh sin. Chan urrainnear aon chànan a chomharrachadh an coimeas ri cànan eile mar nas fhasa no nas duilghe, nas fheumaile no le nas lugha luach. Cha mhò a tha crìochan ann air an ùine a bu chòir a chomharrachadh airson cànan ionnsachadh no thoirt gu tomhas mhath fileantachd.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S e an rud as cudromaiche ann a bhith ag ionnsachadh cànan sam bith a bhith dealasach, a’ cumail ri gach dùbhlan a nochdas agus foighidneach, reusanta ann a bhith ag amas air ceann-uidhe a ghabhas coileanadh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha cothroman cleachdaidh air leth cudromach agus ma thèid aig neach a tha ag ionnsachadh a dhol am bogadh sa chànan no a dh’fhuireach ann an coimhearsnachd far a bheil a’ Ghàidhlig ga cleachdadh gu làitheil, thig adhartas.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha e na chuideachadh a bhith ag èisteachd ri Gàidhlig air rèidio agus air telebhisean cho math ri bhith leughadh, gu h-àraidh ma tha e na amas a bhith a’ dol an sàs ann an litreachas.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha fiosrachadh a dh’fhaodadh a bhith feumail do luchd-ionnsachaidh cànain, air &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.omniglot.com/"&gt;Omniglot&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gheibhear sealladh air Gàidhlig ionnsachadh air &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.bilingualism-matters.org.uk/"&gt;Bilingualism Matters&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha a’ bhuidheann-taic do luchd-ionnsachaidh &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.cli.org.uk"&gt;Clì Gàidhlig&lt;/a&gt; a’ frithealadh feumalachdan aig &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.cli.org.uk"&gt;http://www.cli.org.uk&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha tuilleadh fiosrachaidh agus comhairle ri fhaotainn air &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.mygaelic.com/"&gt;mygaelic.com&lt;/a&gt; far a bheil ceangail ri lìonraidh sòisealta eile.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha làraich-lìn eile a tha feumail aig buidhnean leithid &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://gaidhlig.org.uk"&gt;Bòrd na Gàidhlig&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://gaidhlig.org.uk"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; agus seirbhisean Gàidhlig a’ BhBC.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gheibhear fiosrachadh is taic air-loidhne no tro chùrsaichean bho ghrunn ionadan foghlaim.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A-thaobh stuthan taic, tha fiosrachadh aig &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.gaelic.books.net"&gt;Comhairle nan Leabhraichean&lt;/a&gt;, mu leabhraichean agus goireasan a tha feumail do luchd-ionnsachaidh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="
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      "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-question"&gt;&lt;p&gt;7 Bheil Sgoiltean Gàidhlig air leth ann?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-answer"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h4"&gt;Answer&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha dà bhun-sgoil Ghàidhlig ann a tha a’ biathadh àrd-sgoiltean - ann an Inbhir Nis agus Glaschu, far an deach a’ chiad sgoil Ghàidhlig a stèidheachadh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha iarrtas son àiteachan anns na Sgoiltean Gàidhlig a’ sìor fhàs. Bha 311 ann an sgoil Ghlaschu ann an 2007 agus anns a’ bhliadhna 2010-11 bha an àireamh sin air tighinn gu 580.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha timcheall air 2,500 duine cloinne ann am bun-sgoiltean agus àrd-sgoiltean gan teagasg tron Ghàidhlig (ris an canar Gaelic Medium Education, GME, no Foghlam Tro Mheadhan na Gàidhlig, FTG) agus tha 700 eile ann an cròileagain Gàidhlig.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Thòisich GME/FTG le 24 duine cloinne ann an 1985 agus còig bliadhna an dèidh sin, bha an àireamh aig 2,256. Bha 390 gam foghlam tron Ghàidhlig aig ìre àrd-sgoile ann an 2009-2010. Anns na 58 cròileagan a tha air am frithealadh le ùghdarrasan ionadail chaidh 856 duine cloinne a chlàradh anns a’ bhliadhna sgoile 2009-2010.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Anns an t-siostam foghlaim àbhaisteach tha eadar 2,500 agus 3,000 ag ionnsachadh na Gàidhlig mar chuspair anns an àrd-sgoil gach bliadhna. Tha mòran chloinne ann am bun-sgoiltean àbhaisteach ag ionnsachadh fo Sgeama na Gàidhlig anns a’ Bhun-sgoil.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha fàs ri fhaicinn cuideachd anns an àireamh de dh’oileanaich a tha leantainn na Gàidhlig gu Àrd-Ìre foghlaim no tha a’ togail air cùrsaichean Gàidhlig aig gach ìre a tha sin.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bu chòir do phàrantan fiosrachadh mu fhoghlam Gàidhlig iarraidh air ùghdarrasan ionadail no air &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.gaelic.org.uk/"&gt;Bòrd na Gàidhlig&lt;/a&gt; ma tha ceistean aca.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="
            oucontent-activity
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      "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-question"&gt;&lt;p&gt;8 Bheil Gàidhlig na h-Èireann co-ionann ri Gàidhlig na h-Alba?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-answer"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h4"&gt;Answer&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha Gàidhlig na h-Alba mar phàirt dhen teaghlach Ceilteach agus an dlùth-chàirdeas ri Cuimris, cànan na Còrn agus cànan na Breatainne Bige. Tha Gàidhlig nas dlùithe buileach ri Gaelige na h-Èirinn agus Gàidhlig Eilean Mhanainn. Tha na trì cànain Gàidhlig no Goidelic sin a’ tighinn bhon aon fhreumh agus an aon chànan.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha e furasta gu leòr do Ghàidheil an Alba agus an Èireann a bhith a’ còmhradh nan cànain fhèin anns an latha th’ ann. Tha co-ionannachd anns a’ bhriathrachas agus tha an dà chànan a’ dèiligeadh ri dùbhlain leasachadh cànain an ìre mhath anns an aon dòigh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha buidhnean craolaidh mar eisimpleir air tighinn còmhla a lìbhrigeadh prògraman far a bheileas a’ cleachdadh luchd-lìbhrigidh bhon dà thaobh de Shruth na Maoile.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Air adhbharan eachdraidheil agus cho faisg agus a tha Eilean Ìle air Èirinn, ’s ann an sin a lorgar a’ Ghàidhlig Albannach as coltaiche ri cànan na h-Èirinn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="
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      "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-question"&gt;&lt;p&gt;9 Dè an inbhe laghail a tha aig Gàidhlig?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-answer"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h4"&gt;Answer&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ghabh Pàrlamaid na h-Alba ri Achd na Gàidhlig (Alba) 2005 mar dhòigh air inbhe agus tèarainteachd fhaighinn dhan chànan mar chainnt oifigeil ann an Alba leis an aon ìre spèis agus a th’ aig Beurla.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Stèidhich Achd 2005 &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.gaidhlig.org.uk/"&gt;Bòrd na Gàidhlig&lt;/a&gt; (a’ phrìomh bhuidheann leasachaidh Gàidhlig aig an Riaghaltas) mar mheadhan air leasachadh a chur air adhart.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Na phàirt dhen sin bha uallach ri chur air buidhnean poblach Planaichean Gàidhlig a dheisealachadh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chaidh seo a chur air adhart mar dhòigh air dèanamh cinnteach gu bheil an roinn phoblach ann an Alba a’ cur ri suidheachadh seasmhach a chruthachadh dhan Ghàidhlig le bhith ag àrdachadh inbhe a’ chànain agus a’ cruthachadh cothroman cleachdaidh practaigeach.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chaidh am prionnsabal airson co-ionannachd spèis fhighe dhan Achd ann an 2005 le Pàrlamaid na h-Alba mar theachdaireachd làidir mu luach a’ chànain. Bha seo ag aithneachadh gu bheil luchd-cleachdaidh na Gàidhlig ag iarraidh Gàidhlig a chleachdadh ann an dòigh cho àbhaisteach ’s a ghabhas agus gum bu chòir deagh rùn a nochdadh dhan Ghàidhlig air feadh na dùthcha. Bha beachd làidir ann nach bu chòir dhan chànan a bhith a’ fulang bho chion-spèis no di-meas aig ìre chorporra no le daoine fa-leth.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="
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      "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-question"&gt;&lt;p&gt;10 Dè th’ anns a’ Mhòd?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-answer"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h4"&gt;Answer&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S e am Mòd Rìoghail Nàiseanta a’ phrìomh fhèis Ghàidhlig ann an Alba agus tha e co-ionann ris an Eisteddfod anns a’ Chuimrigh. Tha am facal ‘mòd’ a’ ciallachadh ‘co-chruinneachadh’ no ‘tachartas’.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha am Mòd ga stiùireadh leis a’ Chomunn Ghàidhealach, tè de na buidhnean Gàidhlig as sine a tha stèidhichte air ballrachd. Stèidhichte anns an Òban ann an 1891, tha an Comunn air a bhith a’ seasamh còirichean na Gàidhlig bhon uairsin tro theagasg, ionnsachadh agus cleachdadh na Gàidhlig a bharrachd air a bhith a’ brosnachadh litreachas, eachdraidh, ceòl agus ealain ann an Gàidhlig.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tro bhith a’ cumail a’ Mhòid a’ dol agus tro obair leasachaidh ann an coimhearsnachdan Gàidhlig, tha An Comunn Gàidhealach a’ sìor chumail taic ris a’ Ghàidhlig agus a’ leasachadh a’ chànain tro ghnothaichean cultarail, eachdraidh agus dualchas aig gach ìre, ionadail, nàiseanta agus eadar-nàiseanta. Tha am &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://acgmod.org/"&gt;Mòd&lt;/a&gt; ann gach bliadhna (anns an Dàmhair) ann an diofar àiteachan air feadh Alba.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="
            oucontent-activity
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      "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-question"&gt;&lt;p&gt;11 Càite am faigh mi fiosrachadh mu leabhraichean Gàidhlig?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-answer"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h4"&gt;Answer&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chaidh &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.gaelicbooks.net"&gt;Comhairle nan Leabhraichean&lt;/a&gt; a stèidheachadh ann an Glaschu airson daoine a mhisneachadh gu sgrùdadh, teagasg, eòlas agus luach a chur air sgrìobhadh Gàidhlig. Tha a’ Chomhairle cuideachd a’ toirt taic do thachartasan a dh’fhoillsicheas obair chruthachail ann an Gàidhlig.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha Comhairle nan Leabhraichean a’ cuideachadh agus a’ comhairleachadh dhaoine air gnothaich sam bith co-cheangailte ri leabhraichean, foillseachadh agus goireasan ionnsachaidh. Tha e na amas aig a’ Chomhairle foillseachadh Gàidhlig ann an Alba a chur air bonn-stèidh a tha seasmhach, a’ cur ris an àireamh de leabhraichean de dh’iomadh seòrsa agus a’ treòrachadh luchd-ionnsachaidh agus gan stiùireadh gu fileantachd.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="
            oucontent-activity
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      "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-question"&gt;&lt;p&gt;12 Càite am faigh mi fiosrachadh mu leabhraichean sgoile?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-answer"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h4"&gt;Answer&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha a’ bhuidheann &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.storlann.co.uk/"&gt;Stòrlann Nàiseanta na Gàidhlig&lt;/a&gt; a’ co-òrdanachadh agus a’ sgaoileadh goireasan taice curaicealaim do sgoiltean a tha a’ teagasg Gàidhlig.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha an Stòrlann a’ deisealachadh goireasan teagaisg do chròileagain, bun-sgoiltean, àrd-sgoiltean agus buidhnean foghlaim fad-beatha.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha an Stòrlann a’ reic cuid dhen stuth aca agus tha taghadh de ghoireasan eadar-ghnìomhach do phàrantan rim faotainn an &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.gaelic4parents.com"&gt;seo&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gheibh teaghlaichean taic an sin le obair-dachaigh sgoile agus gnothaichean eile an co-cheangal ri foghlam Gàidhlig.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="
            oucontent-activity
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      "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-question"&gt;&lt;p&gt;13 Càite an lorg mi Gàidhlig air an rèidio agus air an telebhisean?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-answer"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h4"&gt;Answer&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chaidh BBC ALBA a chur air adhart ann an 2008 mar shianal telebhisean na Gàidhlig. ’S e co-bhanntachd a th’ ann eadar am BBC agus MG Alba.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/"&gt;BBC ALBA&lt;/a&gt; ri lorg mar a leanas:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul class="oucontent-bulleted"&gt;&lt;li&gt;Freeview sianal 8&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Cabal sianal 188&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Sky sianal 168&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Freesat sianal 110&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Beò air BBC iPlayer&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Gheibhear cuideachd 10 uairean a thìde taghte gach seachdain air BBC PC iPlayer agus BBC iPlayer tro Virgin Media&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/radionangaidheal/"&gt;BBC Radio nan Gàidheal&lt;/a&gt;, an t-seirbheis nàiseanta rèidio a th’ air grunn dhuaisean a bhuinig, a’ craoladh air FM. Tha naidheachdan, ceòl, còmhradh agus spòrs air Radio nan Gàidheal.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gheibhear Radio nan Gàidheal tro chruinn FM air feadh Alba (ach a-mhàin na Crìochan, Dùn Fris agus Gall-Ghàidhealaibh, Siorrachd Àir, Arcaibh is Sealtainn).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gheibhear cuideachd Radio nan Gàidheal tro mheadhanan didsiteach telebhisein, DAB Rèidio agus air-loidhne. Faodar na prògraman rèidio a thogail beò no airson seachd latha an dèidh làimhe air BBC iPlayer.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha BBC Radio nan Gàidheal cuideachd a’ craoladh tro BhBC ALBA air sianal didsiteach an telebhisein nuair nach eil prògraman telebhisein gan craoladh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha BBC Radio na Gàidheal ri lorg air &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FM_broadcasting"&gt;FM&lt;/a&gt;: 103.5-105 &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megahertz"&gt;MHz&lt;/a&gt;,  &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Audio_Broadcasting"&gt;DAB&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freeview_(UK)"&gt;Freeview&lt;/a&gt;: 720 (ann an Alba a-mhàin), &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freesat"&gt;Freesat&lt;/a&gt;: 713 (&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_Alba_(TV_channel)"&gt;110&lt;/a&gt;), &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_(UK_%26_Ireland)"&gt;Sky&lt;/a&gt;: 0139 (&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_Alba_(TV_channel)"&gt;168&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Media"&gt;Virgin Media&lt;/a&gt;: 934; RDS: BBC GAEL)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha prògraman Gàidhlig gan craoladh air cuid de stèiseanan rèidio coimhearsnachd leithid Moray Firth Radio, stèidhichte ann an Inbhir Nis agus Isles FM anns na h-Eileanan Siar, Oban FM ann an Earra-Ghàidheal, Cuillin FM anns an Eilean Sgitheanach agus Nevis Radio ann an sgìre Loch Abair.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="
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      "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-question"&gt;&lt;p&gt;14 An urrainnear Gàidhlig a ghabhail aig ìre Oilthigh is Colaiste?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-answer"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h4"&gt;Answer&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha grunn chùrsaichean Gàidhlig rim faotainn aig Colaistean agus Oilthighean ann an Alba, agus cuid eile thall thairis, mar eisimpleir ann an Canada. Tha cuid de na cùrsaichean gan teagaisg tron Ghàidhlig gu h-iomlan – leithid an fheadhainn ann an &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/index_gd.html"&gt;Sabhal Mòr Ostaig&lt;/a&gt; anns an Eilean Sgitheanach agus &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.lews.uhi.ac.uk/"&gt;Colaiste Caisteil Leòdhais&lt;/a&gt;, a tha le chèile nam pàirt de dh’&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.uhi.ac.uk/en"&gt;Oilthigh na Gàidhealtachd is nan Eilean&lt;/a&gt; (UHI).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha ceumannan ann an Ceiltis agus Gàidhlig air an tairgsinn ann an Oilthighean &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.gla.ac.uk/departments/celtic/"&gt;Ghlaschu&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.celtscot.ed.ac.uk/"&gt;Dhùn Èideann&lt;/a&gt; agus &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.abdn.ac.uk/celtic/"&gt;Obair Dheathain&lt;/a&gt; agus tha Gàidhlig na pàirt cudromach anns an obair.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha cùrsaichean trèanaidh luchd-teagaisg rim faighinn ann an Oilthigh Srath Chluaidh agus anns a’ Cholaiste Tuath ann an Obar Dheathain.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="
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      "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-question"&gt;&lt;p&gt;15 Càite bheil Colaiste Nàiseanta na Gàidhlig?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-answer"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h4"&gt;Answer&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bho 1973, nuair a chaidh &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk"&gt;Sabhal Mòr Ostaig&lt;/a&gt; a stèidheachadh anns an Eilean Sgitheanach, tha a’ cholaiste air inbhe a thogail gu h-eadar-nàiseanta mar Ionad Nàiseanta airson cultar agus cànan na Gàidhlig. Tha a’ cholaiste na ball sgoilearach de UHI, Oilthigh na Gàidhealtachd is nan Eilean, a’ tairgse àrd-ìrean teagaisg agus cothroman rannsachaidh tron Ghàidhlig.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha Sabhal Mòr Ostaig ùr agus adhartach le fìor ghoireasan ionnsachaidh leithid leabhar-lann air leth, goireasan craolaidh agus clàraidh, àiteachan-fuirich do dh’oileanaich agus goireasan &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.fasmor.org.uk/"&gt;cùram chloinne&lt;/a&gt; tron Ghàidhlig.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha timcheall air 90 oileanach làn-ùine anns a’ Cholaiste anns a’ bhliadhna 2011-12, le 260 a’ frithealadh cùrsaichean aig astar, agus 800 eile air &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/Foghlam/Tagh-Cursa/Cursaichean-Goirid/index_gd.html"&gt;cùrsaichean goirid&lt;/a&gt; gach bliadhna.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ann a bhith a’ co-obrachadh le buidhnean eile ann an Coimhearsnachd na Gàidhlig tha a’ Cholaiste air a neartachadh gu mòr. Tha i cuideachd na dachaigh do ghrunn phròiseactan cruthachail agus cultarail leithid &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.tobarandualchais.co.uk/"&gt;Tobar an Dualchais&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.faclair.ac.uk/"&gt;Faclair na Gàidhlig&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.soillse.ac.uk/index-en.php"&gt;Soillse&lt;/a&gt;, an t-ionad rannsachaidh ùr agus &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.canan.co.uk"&gt;Cànan&lt;/a&gt;, a’ chompanaidh dealbhachaidh agus iomadh-meadhanach.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bidh a’ Cholaiste cuideachd gu mòr an sàs ann a bhith a’ brosnachadh ealain agus cultar na Gàidhlig le prògram de luchd-ealain a’ tadhal agus a’ fuireach aig a’ Cholaiste, a’ gabhail a-steach ceòl, litreachas, dràma agus dealbhachd.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="
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      "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-question"&gt;&lt;p&gt;16 A bheil bathar bog Gàidhlig ri fhaotainn airson coimpiutaran?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-answer"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h4"&gt;Answer&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chaidh grunn phrògraman a dhealbh airson an cleachdadh tron Ghàidhlig air coimpiutairean.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mar eisimpleir, chruthaich &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.opera.com/press/releases/2000/12/21/"&gt;Opera Software&lt;/a&gt;, a tha stèidhichte ann an Oslo, a’ chiad bhrabhsair Gàidhlig airson an eadar-lìon. Tha e saor agus an asgaidh agus ri fhaotainn ann an Gàidhlig na h-Alba agus Èireann, ann an Cuimris agus ann an cànan na Breatainne Bige.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha innleachd eadar-theangachaidh ann air a bheil &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.microsoft.com/download/en/details.aspx?displaylang=gb&amp;id=12852"&gt;Microsoft Captions Language Interface Pack&lt;/a&gt; (CLIP). Faodar CLIP a chleachdadh mar thaic cànain no mar dhòigh air eadar-theangachadh agus diofar dual-chainnt a shoilleireachadh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha grunn phìosan &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.languageresourceonline.com/group.asp?grp=309"&gt;bathair bog&lt;/a&gt; rim faotainn a tha cuideachail ann a bhith a’ teagasg gràmar agus stòr fhaclan, an dà chuid airson DOS agus Macs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Faodar cuideachd Gàidhlig a chleachdadh air &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.google.com/webhp?hl=gd"&gt;Google&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ma tha sibh ag iarraidh dearbhairean, mar eiseimpleir, chaidh An Dearbhair a leasachadh an toiseach airson Microsoft Word 2003 agus gheibhear e an &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://gaidhlig.ltscotland.org.uk/innealantaic/index.asp"&gt;seo&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha siostam Gàidhlig ann airson &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="https://www.mozilla.com/gd/firefox/"&gt;Firefox&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha cruinneachadh de chòrr is 500 facal a bhios feumail nuair a thathas a’ cleachdadh an eadar-lìn ri fhaotainn bho aig &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.anseotal.co.uk"&gt;Seotal&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="
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      "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-question"&gt;&lt;p&gt;17 Dè na faclairean Gàidhlig as fheumaile?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-answer"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h4"&gt;Answer&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha deagh fhaclair air leth cudromach do neach-ionnsachaidh sam bith airson an sgilean a thoirt air adhart (agus gu dearbh do dh’fhileantaich). Tha eadar-theangachadh air an dà shlighe eadar an dà chànan gu math cuideachail. Gheibhear cobhair eadar-theangachaidh an-asgaidh tro ghrunn làraich-lìn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chaidh am faclair &lt;i&gt;The Teach Yourself Essential Gaelic Dictionary&lt;/i&gt;, fhoillseachadh le ùrachadh ann an 2010, agus ’s e seo am faclair as goireasaiche.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha grunn eile ann a tha feumail air an cruthachadh le leithid Angus Watson, Gordon MacIllInnein agus Colin Mark agus tha fiosrachadh mun deidhinn ri fhaotainn bho &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.gaelicbooks.net"&gt;Chomhairle nan Leabhraichean&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha grunn fhaclairean air-loidhne ann a-nis leithid &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.dwelly.info/"&gt;Dwelly air-loidhne&lt;/a&gt; far a bheil an t-seann fhaclair aig Dwelly, a bha an ìre mhath na shlat-tomhais fad iomadh bliadhna ri fhaotainn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The mòran briathrachais ann an &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www2.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/sbg/lorg.php"&gt;Stòr-data Briathrachais Gàidhlig&lt;/a&gt; a chaidh a chruthachadh le Sabhal Mòr Ostaig.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dh’fhoillsich an Riaghaltas &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/129226/0055783.pdf"&gt;Faclair na Pàrlamaid&lt;/a&gt; ann an 2001, le stòr fhaclan a tha feumail a thaobh obair ùghdarrasan ionadail agus raointean obrach an Riaghaltais fhèin.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha Faclair airson Riaghaltas Ionadail ri lorg aig &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.cne-siar.gov.uk/gaelic/dictionary.asp"&gt;http://www.cne-siar.gov.uk/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;gaelic/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;dictionary.asp&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha pròiseact ùr &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.faclair.ac.uk/"&gt;Faclair na Gàidhlig&lt;/a&gt; a-nis stèidhichte aig Sabhal Mòr Ostaig, na cho-obrachadh eadar Oilthighean Obair Dheathain, Dùn Èideann, Srath Chluaidh agus UHI. ’S e faclair eachdraidheil a tha seo, coltach ri na faclairean mòra a chaidh a chruthachadh airson na cànain Albais agus Beurla, &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.dsl.ac.uk"&gt;Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue&lt;/a&gt;, Faclair Nàiseanta na h-Alba, (&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.dsl.ac.uk"&gt;Scottish National Dictionary&lt;/a&gt;) agus Faclair Beurla Oxford.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Thèid am faclair ùr Gàidhlig fhoillseachadh ann an riochd eileagtronaigeach an toiseach. Bidh am faclair a’ mìneachadh eachdraidh na Gàidhlig agus cultar nan Gàidheal bhon chiad fhianais ann an làmh-sgrìobhainn fìor-thràth, a’ cur Gàidhlig ann an co-theacs le Gàidhlig na h-Èireann. Agus a’ cheart cho cudromach sin, seallaidh e an ceangal eadar an dà sheòrsa Gàidhlig.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="
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      "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-question"&gt;&lt;p&gt;18 Càite am faigh mi a-mach mu ainmean pearsanta Gàidhlig?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-answer"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h4"&gt;Answer&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha cuid de dh’ainmean a bhuineas dhan dualchas nach gabh eadar-theangachadh gu dìreach dhan Bheurla: Oighrig, air a bheil sinn eòlach gu leòr mar Euphemia (Effie) no Henrietta (Etta) (roimhe sin mar Henny no fiù Harriet), no, Diorbhal, a th’air a cheangal ri Dorothy, gun adhbhar ach gu bheil an litreachadh cha mhòr co-ionann; Gormul, far nach eil càil idir co-ionann ann am Beurla agus e ga thionndadh an uair sin gu 'Gormelia' ar neo 'Dorothy'; Beathag, a th’ air a cheangal ri Becky (&gt; Rebecca) agus fiù Betsy, no Sophie.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha cuid de dh’ainmean a’ nochdadh an Gàidhlig an dèidh tighinn bhon t-seann chànan Lochlannach, leithid, mar eisimpleir Somhairle a tha mar as trice air a thionndadh am Beurla gu Sorley (no, gu h-eachdraidheil, Somerled).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha sinn cho eòlach air cuid de dh’ainmean Gàidhlig gu bheileas gan cleachdadh gu math tric taobh a-muigh saoghal na Gàidhlig ann an riochdan Beurla, leithid: Ailean, Aonghas, Dòmhnall, Donnchadh, Coinneach, Murchadh (Alan, Angus, Donald, Duncan, Kenneth, Murdo). Iain (John), Alasdair (Alexander), Uilleam (William), Catrìona (Catherine), Raibert (Robert), Cairistìona (Christina), Anna (Ann), Màiri (Mary), Seumas (James), Pàdraig (Patrick) agus Tòmas (Thomas). Tha Hamish gu math cumanta agus nas ùire na sin tha Mhairi (le fuaim [vaːri]) agus tha iad sin a’ tighinn dìreach bhon Ghàidhlig airson Seumas, James, agus Màiri, Mary.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha an leabhar ‘&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.amazon.co.uk/Gaelic-Personal-Names-Donncha-OCorrain/dp/0906187397/ref=sr_1_6?s=books&amp;ie=UTF8&amp;qid=1307045401&amp;sr=1-6"&gt;Gaelic Personal Names&lt;/a&gt;‘ le Donncha O'Corrain agus Fidelma Maguire, a chaidh fhoillseachadh ann an 1981 gu math feumail airson toiseach-tòiseachaidh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="
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      "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-question"&gt;&lt;p&gt;19 A bheil pàipearan-naidheachd Gàidhlig ann?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-answer"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h4"&gt;Answer&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chan eil pàipearan-naidheachd fa leth ann an Gàidhlig ach tha colbhan, naidheachdan agus artaigilean ann an Gàidhlig an grunn dhiubh, mar eisimpleir Courier Inbhir Nis, am Press &amp; Journal, Tìm an Òbain, Gazette Steòrnabhaigh agus Pàipear Beag an Eilein Sgitheanaich, a West Highland Free Press.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S e &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.scotsman.com/"&gt;An t-Albannach&lt;/a&gt; (The Scotsman) an aon phàipear-naidheachd nàiseanta anns a bheil sgrìobhadh Gàidhlig gu cunbhalach.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha tomhais de sgrìobhadh Gàidhlig ri lorg ann am pàipearan-naidheachd coimhearsnachd air taobh siar na dùthcha agus tha tomhais dhen stuth sin a-nise a’ nochdadh air làraich-lìn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="
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      "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-question"&gt;&lt;p&gt;20 A bheil aibidil eadar-dhealaichte aig Gàidhlig bho Bheurla?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-answer"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h4"&gt;Answer&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha 18 litir anns an aibidil Ghàidhlig agus a rèir an dualchais bha ceangal aig gach litir ri ainm craoibhe no lus. Seo an fheadhainn nach eileas a’ cleachdadh ann an Gàidhlig: j, k, q, v, w, x, y, z.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gheibhear &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.sqa.org.uk/files_ccc/SQA-Gaelic_Orthographic_Conventions-En-e.pdf"&gt;comhairle&lt;/a&gt; bho stiùir Ùghdarras Theisteanas na h-Alba air mar is còir dèiligeadh ri faclan anns a bheil na litrichean sin a’ nochdadh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="
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      "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-question"&gt;&lt;p&gt;21 A bheil Gàidhlig agus Albais coltach air dhòigh sam bith?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-answer"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h4"&gt;Answer&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cha bu chòir togail gu bheil Albais (Scots) co-ionnan ri Beurla Albannach no Gàidhlig an Alba. Tha Albais ri chluinntinn ann an Alba, Èireann a Tuath agus anns a’ Phoblachd. Nochd rannsachadh a rinneadh le Riaghaltas na h-Alba gu robh 85% de na fhreagair an ceisteachan (mar shàmhla de dh’inbhich na h-Alba) dhen bharail gu robh iad a’ bruidhinn Albais gu ìre air choireigin.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha Albais, a th’ air a mheas mar ‘chànan traidiseanta’ le Riaghaltas na h-Alba, air a chomharrachadh mar ‘chànan roinneil no mion-chànan’ fo Chairt Eòrpach nam Mion-chànan ris an do chuir Riaghaltas an RA làmh ann an 2001. Air uair, bidh daoine a’ gabhail ‘Albannais nan Crìochan’ (Lowland Scots) air a’ chànan airson a chumail air leth bho Ghàidhlig na h-Alba.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Seach nach eil fìor aonta ann air tomhaisean a tha a’ soilleireachadh an diofar eadar cànan agus dual-chainnt, bidh sgoilearan gu math tric a’ deasbad mun inbhe eachdraidheil, cànanach agus sòisealta aig Albais. Le sin, thathas gu math tric a’ dèanamh dheth gur e tè de na seann seòrsaichean Beurla a th’ ann le dual-chainnt àraid dhith fhèin.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Air uair eile, thèid a mheas gu bheil Albais na cànan Gearmailteach, anns an aon dòigh is a bheil a’ chànan Lochlannach faisg air, ach eadar-dhealaichte bhon chànan Danmhairgeach.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chaidh ceist mu Albais a chur anns a’ Chunntas-sluaigh ann an Alba airson a’ chiad uair ann an 2011.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="
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      "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-question"&gt;&lt;p&gt;22 Bheil Gàidhlig ga bruidhinn an Alba a-mhàin?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-answer"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h4"&gt;Answer&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha Gàidhlig air a bhith an Ceap Breatainn agus Alba Nuadh airson còrr is 200 bliadhna gun bhriseadh agus sin a-nis an ìre mhath na h-aon àiteachan far an cluinnear Gàidhlig gu h-àbhaisteach taobh a-muigh Alba.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha beagan Gàidhlig ri chluinntinn air Eilean a’ Phrionnsa (PEI), Bronsuig Nuadh, ann an Cunndaidh Ghlinn Garaidh ann an Ontario agus am measg eilthirich a tha a’ fuireach ann am prìomh-bhailtean Chanada leithid Toronto.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Rinneadh Rannsachadh Buaidh Eaconamach le Riaghaltas Alba Nuadh ann an 2002 a bha a’ tomhas gu robh Gàidhlig a’ toirt a-steach $23.5 millean gach bliadhna, le faisg air 380,000 neach a’ frithealadh mu 2,070 tachartas Gàidhlig gach bliadhna.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;An dèidh an rannsachaidh seo thàinig aithisg agus ro-innleachd, &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.gov.ns.ca/tch/pubs/GaelicStrategy-English.pdf"&gt;The Gaelic Preservation Strategy&lt;/a&gt;, a ghabh eala ris a’ mhiann a bha anns a’ choimhearsnachd an cànan a ghleidheadh agus aonta a shireadh air dòighean leasachaidh iomchaidh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chaidh Oifis Iomairtean na Gàidhlig (Office of Gaelic Affairs), a stèidheachadh mar mheur dhen Riaghaltas roinneil anns an Dùbhlachd 2006, leis an uallach a bhith a’ misneachadh agus a’ co-obrachadh leis a’ choimhearsnachd Ghàidhlig.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha cùrsaichean Gàidhlig rim faotainn ann an còrr is dusan ionad foghlaim (leithid cùrsa air eachdraidh Chanada aig Ionad Tuath Nova, Alba Nuadh) a bharrachd air prògraman adhartach aig &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.cbu.ca/academics/celtic-culture-and-gaelic/"&gt;Oilthighean Cheap Breatainn&lt;/a&gt;, Naomh &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Francis_Xavier_University"&gt;Francis Xavier&lt;/a&gt;, agus &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://gaelicacademy.ca/"&gt;Acadamaidh Gàidhlig an Atlantaig&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha a’ cholaiste Ghàidhlig airson Ealain agus Ciùird Ceilteach ann an &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.gaeliccollege.edu/"&gt;St. Ann's&lt;/a&gt; a’ tairgse clasaichean samhraidh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="
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      "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-question"&gt;&lt;p&gt;23 A bheil soidhnichean rathaid ann an Gàidhlig sàbhailte?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-answer"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h4"&gt;Answer&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ann an grunn dhùthchannan leithid na Beilge, Fionnlan, Èirinn agus an Eilbheis thathas a’ gabhail ri soidhnichean rathaid gu h-àbhaisteach agus chan eil ceist mhòr sam bith ga thogail mun dèidhinn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ann an dùthchannan eile far nach eil iomadh-chànan àbhaisteach, tha a’ cheist gu math connspaideach aig amannan. Tha an deasbad mar as trice co-cheangailte ri sàbhailteachd agus cosgais.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chan eil dearbhadh sam bith ann a tha ag ràdh gu bheil soidhnichean le iomadh cànan cunnartach. Tha soidhnichean Gàidhlig gam meas gu math cudromach ann a bhith a’ togail aire gu inbhe na Gàidhlig agus ga h-àbhaisteachadh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Airson tuilleadh fiosrachaidh agus coimeas eadar soidhnichean rathaid iomadh-chànanach agus cuid de na ceistean a tha gan deasbad ann an Nirribhidh, Alba agus an Eadailt, cliog an &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.era.lib.ed.ac.uk/bitstream/1842/2118/1/2007PuzeyGDissertationMSc.pdf"&gt;seo&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="
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      "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-question"&gt;&lt;p&gt;24 Bheil leithid de rud ann is Gàidhlig ‘choitcheann’?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-answer"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h4"&gt;Answer&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha beairteas is modhan cainnt làidir is luachmhor anns a’ Ghàidhlig.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cleas a h-uile cànan eile a tha beò agus ag atharrachadh (Beurla nam measg) tha Gàidhlig air raon farsaing de dh’fhaclan a ghabhail a-staigh thar nam bliadhnaichean. Tha iad air tighinn bho leithid Laideann, Greugais, Lochlannais, Beurla agus Fraingis mar a tha a’ chànan air a bhith ga h-ùrachadh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Air an làimh eile, tha e cuideachd fìor gun deach tomhas mhath de dh’fhaclan Gàidhlig à Alba agus Èireann a thogail le cànain eile, leithid Beurla.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mar eisimpleir: tha Gàidhlig &lt;i&gt;galore&lt;/i&gt;, no gu leòr a’ nochdadh nar cainnt làitheil. ‘&lt;i&gt;Do you twig&lt;/i&gt;’, no an tuig thu? ‘S dòcha gum bu mhiann leat uisge-beatha (ann an iomadh riochd)? Agus an dèidh drama no dhà a dhol gu cèilidh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="
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      "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-question"&gt;&lt;p&gt;25 Bheil teisteanasan Gàidhlig ann a bhiodh feumail son cosnadh?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-answer"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h4"&gt;Answer&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha barrachd is barrachd chompanaidhean a-nis a’ lorg dhaoine le Gàidhlig. Tha grunn raointean obrach ann far a bheil e feumail ma tha comas air choireigin aig tagraiche ann an Gàidhlig agus far a bheil sin buannachdail.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha Gàidhlig air a mheas gu math cudromach ann an raointean leithid turasachd, teagasg, craoladh agus obraichean eile co-cheangailte riutha sin. A bharrachd air a bhith na cànan inntinneach aig cridhe cultair agus dualchas na h-Alba, tha Gàidhlig fhathast na pàirt de bheatha dhaoine anns an latha an-diugh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha an neach a dh’ionnsaicheas Gàidhlig a’ faighinn tuigse air eachdraidh, òrain agus litreachas na lùib, a bharrachd air buannachd cosnaidh. Tha ceudan chosnaidhean ann far a bheil Gàidhlig cudromach, agus mar a tha coimhearsnachd na Gàidhlig a’ fàs, thig cothroman eile an lùib na Gàidhlig a rèir sin.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha na h-oilthighean a-nis a’ tairgse raon de chùrsaichean aig ìre ceum le Gàidhlig agus/no Cànain Ceilteach, gu math tric le taghadh de chuspairean eile. ’S e cuid de na h-ionadan a tha a’ teagasg Gàidhlig Oilthighean Ghlaschu, Obar Dheathain, Dùn Èideann, Sabhal Mòr Ostaig anns an Eilean Sgitheanach, Colaiste a’ Chaisteil ann an Steòrnabhagh, Colaiste Telford ann an Dùn Èideann, agus Colaiste Stow ann an Glaschu.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.sqa.org.uk/sqa/CCC_FirstPage.jsp"&gt;Ùghdarras Teisteanas na h-Alba&lt;/a&gt; (SQA) a’ cur air adhart cùrsaichean fa-leth do dh’fhileantaich agus luchd-ionnsachaidh, agus ’s e ‘Gàidhlig’ a’ th’ air an fheadhainn do dh’fhileantaich. Tha na cùrsaichean airson Gàidhlig (Luchd-ionnsachaidh) agus Gàidhlig a’ toirt a chothrom do dhaoine sgilean litreachais agus cainnt a leasachadh. Tha na cùrsaichean sin cuideachd a’ toirt sealladh is eòlas air cultar, dòigh-smaoineachaidh agus àrainneachd coimhearsnachdan nan Gàidheal.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="
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      "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-question"&gt;&lt;p&gt;26 An e tè de chànain cànan nàiseanta na h-Alba a th’ anns a’ Ghàidhlig?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-answer"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h4"&gt;Answer&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha làn chòir aig Gàidhlig air leithid de dh’inbhe anns an t-seadh gu robhas ga bruidhinn air feadh a’ mhòr-chuid dhen dùthaich rè ùine. Chan eil sin ag ràdh gur h-i Gàidhlig a-mhàin a’ chànan nàiseanta.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha Gàidhlig aig teis-mheadhan saoghal cultarail na h-Alba. ’S i Gàidhlig a bh’ aig seann rìghrean na h-Alba agus bha i aig MacBheatha agus Raibeart Brus; agus tha mòran ainmean-àite air feadh na dùthcha an-diugh nan dearbhadh air mar a sgap na Gàidheil tro Alba.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha glè bheag de dh’àiteachan far nach eil co-dhiù beagan de chomharradh gun deach an ainmeachadh le Gàidheil, bho &lt;i&gt;Balerno&lt;/i&gt; (baile àirneach ‘hawthorn farm’) ann am Meadhan Lodainn gu &lt;i&gt;Baile Mhàrtainn&lt;/i&gt; ann an Uibhist a Tuath, bho &lt;i&gt;Craigentinny&lt;/i&gt; (creag an t-sionnaich ‘fox craig’) ann an Dùn Èideann gu &lt;i&gt;Aultivullin&lt;/i&gt; (allt a’ mhuilinn ‘mill burn’) ann am fìor cheann a tuath Ghallaibh; bho &lt;i&gt;Drummore&lt;/i&gt; (druim mòr ‘big ridge’) ann an Gall-Ghàidhealaibh gu &lt;i&gt;Cairnbulg&lt;/i&gt; (càrn builg ‘gap cairn’) faisg air a’ Bhruaich.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ann an tòrr àiteachan far nach eilear a’ cleachdadh na Gàidhlig gu h-àbhaisteach, leithid Gall-Ghàidhealaibh, Fìobha no Siorrachd Obar Dheathain, tha an àrainneachd air a chomharrachadh le ainmean Gàidhlig gu ìre mhòir.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Anns na 12mh agus 13mh linn, nuair a bha Gàidhlig aig a h-àirde air feadh Alba, bha luchd-labhairt na Gàidhlig rin lorg anns a h-uile àite. Tha rannsachadh a’ dearbhadh gur ann anns an 12mh linn a chaidh na h-ainmean àite as cumanta leithid &lt;i&gt;baile&lt;/i&gt; ‘farm, settlement’, agus &lt;i&gt;achadh&lt;/i&gt; ‘field’, a chleachdadh an toiseach.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="
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      "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-question"&gt;&lt;p&gt;27 Dè na tha Riaghaltas na h-Alba a’ cosg air Gàidhlig?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-answer"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h4"&gt;Answer&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ann an 2011-12, bidh an Riaghaltas an Alba a’ cosg mu £23 millean air Gàidhlig. Tha seo mar gum biodh mu 0.07% den £29 billean ionmhais a th’ aig Riaghaltas na h-Alba gu h-iomlan.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A-mach às an £23 millean, tha £5.1m mu choinneamh Bòrd na Gàidhlig; tha £4.6 millean air a chomharrachadh airson Sgeama nan Tabhartasan Sònraichte a tha air a roinn am measg nan 21 Ùghdarras Ionadail feadh Alba; tha MG ALBA a’ faighinn taic de £11.8 millean airson an t-sianail telebhisein agus gnothaichean eile an-lùib sin. Tha £1.1 millean ann an Stòras Calpa nan Sgoiltean airson cuideachadh le obair leithid togalaichean a bhiodh ùghdarrasan ionadail airson a thogail no a leasachadh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="
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      "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-question"&gt;&lt;p&gt;28 Nach bu chòir do chloinn a bhith ag ionnsachadh cànain eile leithid cànan Sìonach, no cànan ùr Eòrpach?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-answer"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h4"&gt;Answer&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha iomadh cànan ri chluinntinn ann an Alba an-diugh, ’s dòcha suas gu 106 a-rèir aithris. Tha iomadh cothrom an lùib sin do shluagh dùthaich le timcheall air 5 millean duine a thaobh iomadachd cultair, cothroman eaconamach agus leasachaidhean foghlaim. Tha Riaghaltas na h-Alba ag ràdh gur e maoin luachmhor a th’ anns a’ Ghàidhlig dhan dùthaich.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha e cumanta gu leòr air feadh an t-saoghail gum biodh barrachd air dà chànan aig clann bho àm breith, ach anns a’ mhòr-chuid dhen Roinn Eòrpa, ’s e gnothach caran ùr a tha seo.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Air sgàth sin, tha amharas ann gu bheil clann a tha a’ fàs suas le barrachd air aon chànan ann an suidheachadh ‘sònraichte’ no fiùs ‘cunnartach’ a-thaobh an leasachaidh agus tha dà-chànanas fhathast air a chuairteachadh le mì-thuigse agus beachdan àicheil. ’S e cion-fiosrachaidh a th’ air cùl mòran dhen seo.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S e cnag na cùise nach eil mothachadh gu leòr aig daoine air na buannachdan a tha an lùib dà-chànanas agus ’s e fìrinn na cùise gu bheil a bhith ag ionnsachadh chànan, agus chan eil e gu diofar cia mheud, gu math feumail agus tha iomadh buannachd na lùib do luchd-ionnsachaidh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="
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      "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-question"&gt;&lt;p&gt;29 Dè na buannachdan a tha an lùib dà-chànanas?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-answer"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h4"&gt;Answer&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha rannsachadh air dearbhadh gu bheil dà-chànanas a’ cuideachadh chloinne gan leasachadh agus gan toirt air adhart. Tha clann a tha air a bhith le barrachd air aon chànan nas dualtaich a bhith mothachail air diofar chultaran, air daoine eile agus am beachdan fa-leth.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha iad cuideachd buailteach a bhith nas fheàrr air iomadh-gnìomh, agus a bhith a’ cumail aire air cùisean.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gu math tric tha iad adhartach ann an sgilean leughaidh agus tha e gu math nas fhasa dhaibh cànain eile a thogail. Tha dà chànan a’ tairgse mòran a bharrachd air dà chànan do chloinn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ann an 2011 bha Foghlam tron Ghàidhlig ri fhaighinn ann an 14 sgìre Ùghdarrais Ionadail an Alba agus tha e air a dhearbhadh mar aon de na dòighean as fheàrr air tighinn gu fileantachd. Tha air soirbheachadh le Foghlam tron Ghàidhlig ann a bhith a’ togail aire agus ùidh dhaoine.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dhearbh rannsachadh ùr bho Oilthigh Dhùn Èideann gu bheil clann air an oideachadh tron Ghàidhlig cho math no nas fheàrr na clann le aon chànan ann an iomadach dòigh. Tha clann a tha dol tro fhoghlam Gàidhlig a’ buannachadh ann an dòighean ionnsachaidh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha cothrom aca air litreachas eile agus dòighean eile air a bhith a’ smaoineachadh agus gan giùlain fhèin. Tha tuigse nas fheàrr aig clann le Gàidhlig air an àite ann am fèin-aithne chultair na h-Alba. Tha iomadh cothrom cosnaidh a bharrachd aig clann a tha dà-chànanach. Tha clann a fhuair barrachd air aon chànan nan òige nas buailtiche a bhith nas fheàrr air an aire a chumail air iomadh-gnìomhan. Tha iad nas fheàrr air leughadh agus tha e nas fhasa dhaibh cànain eile a thogail.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="
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      "&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-outer-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-inner-box"&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-question"&gt;&lt;p&gt;30 Càite am faigh mi fiosrachadh mu òrain Ghàidhlig?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class="oucontent-saq-answer"&gt;&lt;h2 class="oucontent-h4"&gt;Answer&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chaidh làrach-lìn &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.tobarandualchais.co.uk/"&gt;Tobar an Dualchais&lt;/a&gt; (Kist o Riches) fhoillseachadh an toiseach ann an 2010. Tha na mìltean de dh’òrain clàraichte an seo bho ann an Gàidhlig, am Beurla agus ann an Albais. Tha sgeulachdan ann, òrain, beul-aithris, bàrdachd agus iomadh seòrsa fiosrachaidh eile. Chaidh an stuth a chruinneachadh air feadh Alba bho na 1930an.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chaidh na th’ air a chlàradh a thional bho Sgoil Eòlais na h-Alba (Oilthigh Dhùn Èideann), BBC Alba agus Cruinneachadh a’ Chaimbeulaich a tha le Urras Nàiseanta na h-Alba ann an Canaigh.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;’S e 2010 Bliadhna nan Òran air BBC Radio nan Gàidheal agus BBC ALBA agus tron bhliadhna chaidh sreath de phrògraman sònraichte a chraoladh, nam measg Òran an Là, far an deach aon òran a chomharrachadh mu choinneimh gach latha anns a’ bhliadhna le fiosrachadh mionaideach mun deidhinn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tha an làrach-lìn &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/oran/"&gt;Bliadhna nan Oran&lt;/a&gt; again mar dhìleab bhon phròiseact sin agus tha cothrom an sin sùil a thoirt air an fhiosrachadh a tha an-lùib nan òran ann an dòigh sìmplidh agus furasta a làimhseachadh. Tha an làrach air a roinn ann an earannan leithid Òrain, Sgrìobhaichean, Cuspairean, A-Z agus Mòd.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</dc:description><dc:publisher>The Open University</dc:publisher><dc:creator>The Open University</dc:creator><dc:type>Course</dc:type><dc:format>text/html</dc:format><dc:language>en-GB</dc:language><dc:source>Cànan nan Gàidheal - Gaidhlig_1</dc:source><cc:license>Copyright © 2016 The Open University</cc:license></item>
    <item>
      <title>Notaichean</title>
      <link>https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-8</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>&lt;ol class="oucontent-numbered"&gt;&lt;li&gt;Na leabhar ainmeil, &lt;i&gt;The History of the Celtic Place-Names of Scotland&lt;/i&gt;, sgr&amp;#xEC;obh am Proifeasair MacBh&amp;#xE0;tair: &amp;#x2018;Malcolm, son of Kenneth, routed the Northumbrians in the great and decisive battle of Carham in AD 1018, and fixed the boundary of Scotland practically as it stands now... It was during this period, probably from about AD 960 onwards, that Gaelic came to be current in Lothian; there is some evidence that it extended beyond the present boundary of Scotland.’&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Bidh sliochd nan Albannach air feadh an t-saoghail gu tric a’ fuaimneachadh a’ chinnidh &lt;i&gt;Menzies&lt;/i&gt; mar &amp;#x2018;MEN-zeez’ agus tha iongnadh orra nuair a chluinneas iad am fuaimneachadh ann an Alba fh&amp;#xE8;in, &amp;#x2018;MING-iss’. Tha e coltach gun t&amp;#xE0;inig t&amp;#xF9;sairean a’ chinnidh &amp;#xE0; Mesnieres ann an Normandaidh. ’S e &lt;i&gt;de Meyneris&lt;/i&gt; a bh’ orra ann am Beurla, a’ leantainn na d&amp;#xF2;igh Normanaich, agus &lt;i&gt;M&amp;#xE8;innearach&lt;/i&gt; ann an G&amp;#xE0;idhlig (mar an ceudna, &amp;#x2018;s &lt;i&gt;de Brus&lt;/i&gt; a bh’ air Bruce ann am Beurla agus &lt;i&gt;Brus&lt;/i&gt; ann an G&amp;#xE0;idhlig). Cha robh an &amp;#x2018;z’ ann am &lt;i&gt;Menzies&lt;/i&gt; na &amp;#x2018;z’ bho th&amp;#xF9;s idir, ach litir ris an canar &amp;#x2018;yogh’ a bh’ ann an seann aibidilean na h-Albais is na Beurla Mheadhanaich; bha i air a sgr&amp;#xEC;obhadh mar &amp;#x2018;&amp;#x21D;’ ach air a fuaimneachadh mar &amp;#x2018;y’. Gu minic, cha robh yogh ri fhaighinn don fheadhainn a bha a’ cur sgr&amp;#xEC;obhadh ann an cl&amp;#xF2; agus chuireadh iad &amp;#x2018;z’ na &amp;#xE0;ite (an litir a b’ fhaisge ann an cumadh), a’ toirt atharrachadh air fuaimneachadh an ainm ann am Beurla. Ach cha deach atharrachadh a thoirt air a’ Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig – ’s e M&amp;#xE8;innearach a chanar fhathast. Tha cur-a-steach an &amp;#x2018;z’ an &amp;#xE0;ite yogh air fuaimneachaidhean eile de dh’fhaclan Albais st&amp;#xE8;idhichte air feadhainn Gh&amp;#xE0;idhlig atharrachadh a bharrachd, leithid &lt;i&gt;capercailzie&lt;/i&gt; (capall coille), &lt;i&gt;MacKenzie&lt;/i&gt; (MacCoinnich) agus&lt;i&gt; Cockenzie&lt;/i&gt; (C&amp;#xF9;il Choinnich).&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Bha Achd na Comhairle Dh&amp;#xEC;omhair anns an D&amp;#xF9;bhlachd 1616 mar a leanas: Forsameikle as the Kingis Majestie having a speciall care and regaird that the trew religioun be advancit and establisheit in all the pairtis of this kingdome and that all his Majesties subjectis especiallie the youth, be exercised and trayned up in civilitie, godliness, knawledge, and learning, that the vulgar Inglishe toung be universallie plantit, and the Irische language, whilk is one of the cheif and principall causes of the continewance of barbarite and incivilitie amongis the inhabitantis of the Ilis and Heylandis, may be abolishit and removeit; and quhair as thair is no measure more powerfull to further his Majesties princlie regaird and purpois that the establisheing of Scooles in the particular parroches of this Kingdom whair the youthe may be taught at least to write and reid, and be catechised and instructed in the groundis of religioun.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Sgr&amp;#xEC;obh a’ bhuidheann: &amp;#x2018;Nothing can be more effectual for reducing these Countries to order and making them usefull to the Commonwealth, than teaching them their duty to God, their King and Countrey, and rooting out their Irish language, and this has been the care of the Society so far as it could, for all the Schollars are taught in English.’&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;’S e amas &lt;span class="oucontent-linkwithtip"&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/asp/2005/7"&gt;Achd na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; (Alba) 2005 inbhe is follaiseachd na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig a thoirt am feabhas ann am buidhnean a thig fo &amp;#xF9;ghdarras P&amp;#xE0;rlamaid na h-Alba. Chaidh am Bile airson na h-Achd tron Ph&amp;#xE0;rlamaid air 21 Giblean 2005 agus fhuair i Cead R&amp;#xEC;oghail air 1 &amp;#xD2;gmhios 2005. Seo mar a th&amp;#xF2;isicheas i: &lt;i&gt;An Act of the Scottish Parliament to establish a body having functions exercisable with a view to securing the status of the Gaelic language as an official language of Scotland commanding equal respect to the English language, including the functions of preparing a national Gaelic language plan, of requiring certain public authorities to prepare and publish Gaelic language plans in connection with the exercise of their functions and to maintain and implement such plans, and of issuing guidance in relation to Gaelic education.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Tha cuid de sgoilearan dhen bheachd gun t&amp;#xE0;inig an c&amp;#xE0;nan t&amp;#xF9;sail P-Ceilteach gu bith (le &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;- a’ gabhail &amp;#xE0;ite &lt;i&gt;qu&lt;/i&gt;-) ann am meadhan na Roinn E&amp;#xF2;rpa anns a’ chiad mh&amp;#xEC;le bliadhna RC ach nach do r&amp;#xE0;inig e &amp;#xC8;irinn no na sg&amp;#xEC;rean Ceilteach anns an Rubha Ib&amp;#xEC;rianach a dh’fhuirich Q-Ceilteach. Mar sin, tha an sgaradh eadar an d&amp;#xE0; mheur de na c&amp;#xE0;nanan Ceilteach air a bhith ann fad &amp;#xF9;ine mh&amp;#xF2;r.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Gheibhear fiosrachadh inntinneach mun Chuimris ann an Argentina ann an &amp;#xD3; N&amp;#xE9;ill, Diarmuid (deas.) &lt;i&gt;Rebuilding the Celtic Languages: Reversing Language Shift in the Celtic Countries&lt;/i&gt; Y Lolfa 2005.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;’S e a bhith sgaradh cultar o a dhualchas l&amp;#xE8;irsinneach d&amp;#xF2;igh a tha air a chleachdadh uaireannan gus d&amp;#xEC;meas a dh&amp;#xE8;anamh air cultar. Mar eisimpleir, dh’fheuch luchd-riaghlaidh nan Innseachan san 19amh linn ri dhearbhadh nach robh ann an ealan nan Innseachan ach copaidh de ealan na Gr&amp;#xE8;ige agus mar sin nach robh e ro luachmhor, anns an d&amp;#xF2;igh seo a’ d&amp;#xE8;anamh t&amp;#xE0;ire air a’ chultar.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Mar eisimpleir, chl&amp;#xE0;r Gibb, ann an Leabhar a Dh&amp;#xE0; de &lt;i&gt;Sculptured Stones of Scotland &lt;/i&gt;aig John Stuart 1867, obair mar an Kildalton Cross ann an &amp;#xCC;le agus Crois an Naoimh M&amp;#xE0;rtainn ann an Eilean &amp;#xCC;. Bha &lt;i&gt;Sculptured&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;Monuments&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; of Iona and the West &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;Highlands&lt;/i&gt; aig Drummond, a chaidh fhoillseachadh ann an 1881, cudromach leis gun do tharraing e aire chun na stoidhle snaidheadaireachd seo a bha an impis a dhol &amp;#xE0; cuimhne.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Faic Macdonald, M., 2008, &amp;#x2018;The Visual Dimension of &lt;i&gt;Carmina Gadelica&lt;/i&gt;’ ann an Stiubhart, D. U., deas., &lt;i&gt;The Life and Legacy of Alexander Carmichael&lt;/i&gt;, Port of Ness: The Islands Book Trust.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Dwelly, E., 1902-1911, Faclair G&amp;#xE0;idhlig – air son nan sgoiltean. Le Dealbhan / A Gaelic Dictionary – specially designed for beginners and for use in schools. Profusely illustrated, Herne Bay: The Gaelic Press. Tha an &amp;#x2018;F’ aig &amp;#x2018;Faclair’ st&amp;#xE8;idhte air an &amp;#x2018;F’ aig &amp;#x2018;Failt’ air duilleag 108 den chiad leabhar de Carmina Gadelica.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;</description>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-8</guid>
    <dc:title>Notaichean</dc:title><dc:identifier>Gaidhlig_1</dc:identifier><dc:description>&lt;ol class="oucontent-numbered"&gt;&lt;li&gt;Na leabhar ainmeil, &lt;i&gt;The History of the Celtic Place-Names of Scotland&lt;/i&gt;, sgrìobh am Proifeasair MacBhàtair: ‘Malcolm, son of Kenneth, routed the Northumbrians in the great and decisive battle of Carham in AD 1018, and fixed the boundary of Scotland practically as it stands now... It was during this period, probably from about AD 960 onwards, that Gaelic came to be current in Lothian; there is some evidence that it extended beyond the present boundary of Scotland.’&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Bidh sliochd nan Albannach air feadh an t-saoghail gu tric a’ fuaimneachadh a’ chinnidh &lt;i&gt;Menzies&lt;/i&gt; mar ‘MEN-zeez’ agus tha iongnadh orra nuair a chluinneas iad am fuaimneachadh ann an Alba fhèin, ‘MING-iss’. Tha e coltach gun tàinig tùsairean a’ chinnidh à Mesnieres ann an Normandaidh. ’S e &lt;i&gt;de Meyneris&lt;/i&gt; a bh’ orra ann am Beurla, a’ leantainn na dòigh Normanaich, agus &lt;i&gt;Mèinnearach&lt;/i&gt; ann an Gàidhlig (mar an ceudna, ‘s &lt;i&gt;de Brus&lt;/i&gt; a bh’ air Bruce ann am Beurla agus &lt;i&gt;Brus&lt;/i&gt; ann an Gàidhlig). Cha robh an ‘z’ ann am &lt;i&gt;Menzies&lt;/i&gt; na ‘z’ bho thùs idir, ach litir ris an canar ‘yogh’ a bh’ ann an seann aibidilean na h-Albais is na Beurla Mheadhanaich; bha i air a sgrìobhadh mar ‘ȝ’ ach air a fuaimneachadh mar ‘y’. Gu minic, cha robh yogh ri fhaighinn don fheadhainn a bha a’ cur sgrìobhadh ann an clò agus chuireadh iad ‘z’ na àite (an litir a b’ fhaisge ann an cumadh), a’ toirt atharrachadh air fuaimneachadh an ainm ann am Beurla. Ach cha deach atharrachadh a thoirt air a’ Ghàidhlig – ’s e Mèinnearach a chanar fhathast. Tha cur-a-steach an ‘z’ an àite yogh air fuaimneachaidhean eile de dh’fhaclan Albais stèidhichte air feadhainn Ghàidhlig atharrachadh a bharrachd, leithid &lt;i&gt;capercailzie&lt;/i&gt; (capall coille), &lt;i&gt;MacKenzie&lt;/i&gt; (MacCoinnich) agus&lt;i&gt; Cockenzie&lt;/i&gt; (Cùil Choinnich).&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Bha Achd na Comhairle Dhìomhair anns an Dùbhlachd 1616 mar a leanas: Forsameikle as the Kingis Majestie having a speciall care and regaird that the trew religioun be advancit and establisheit in all the pairtis of this kingdome and that all his Majesties subjectis especiallie the youth, be exercised and trayned up in civilitie, godliness, knawledge, and learning, that the vulgar Inglishe toung be universallie plantit, and the Irische language, whilk is one of the cheif and principall causes of the continewance of barbarite and incivilitie amongis the inhabitantis of the Ilis and Heylandis, may be abolishit and removeit; and quhair as thair is no measure more powerfull to further his Majesties princlie regaird and purpois that the establisheing of Scooles in the particular parroches of this Kingdom whair the youthe may be taught at least to write and reid, and be catechised and instructed in the groundis of religioun.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Sgrìobh a’ bhuidheann: ‘Nothing can be more effectual for reducing these Countries to order and making them usefull to the Commonwealth, than teaching them their duty to God, their King and Countrey, and rooting out their Irish language, and this has been the care of the Society so far as it could, for all the Schollars are taught in English.’&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;’S e amas &lt;span class="oucontent-linkwithtip"&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/asp/2005/7"&gt;Achd na Gàidhlig&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; (Alba) 2005 inbhe is follaiseachd na Gàidhlig a thoirt am feabhas ann am buidhnean a thig fo ùghdarras Pàrlamaid na h-Alba. Chaidh am Bile airson na h-Achd tron Phàrlamaid air 21 Giblean 2005 agus fhuair i Cead Rìoghail air 1 Ògmhios 2005. Seo mar a thòisicheas i: &lt;i&gt;An Act of the Scottish Parliament to establish a body having functions exercisable with a view to securing the status of the Gaelic language as an official language of Scotland commanding equal respect to the English language, including the functions of preparing a national Gaelic language plan, of requiring certain public authorities to prepare and publish Gaelic language plans in connection with the exercise of their functions and to maintain and implement such plans, and of issuing guidance in relation to Gaelic education.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Tha cuid de sgoilearan dhen bheachd gun tàinig an cànan tùsail P-Ceilteach gu bith (le &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;- a’ gabhail àite &lt;i&gt;qu&lt;/i&gt;-) ann am meadhan na Roinn Eòrpa anns a’ chiad mhìle bliadhna RC ach nach do ràinig e Èirinn no na sgìrean Ceilteach anns an Rubha Ibìrianach a dh’fhuirich Q-Ceilteach. Mar sin, tha an sgaradh eadar an dà mheur de na cànanan Ceilteach air a bhith ann fad ùine mhòr.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Gheibhear fiosrachadh inntinneach mun Chuimris ann an Argentina ann an Ó Néill, Diarmuid (deas.) &lt;i&gt;Rebuilding the Celtic Languages: Reversing Language Shift in the Celtic Countries&lt;/i&gt; Y Lolfa 2005.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;’S e a bhith sgaradh cultar o a dhualchas lèirsinneach dòigh a tha air a chleachdadh uaireannan gus dìmeas a dhèanamh air cultar. Mar eisimpleir, dh’fheuch luchd-riaghlaidh nan Innseachan san 19amh linn ri dhearbhadh nach robh ann an ealan nan Innseachan ach copaidh de ealan na Grèige agus mar sin nach robh e ro luachmhor, anns an dòigh seo a’ dèanamh tàire air a’ chultar.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Mar eisimpleir, chlàr Gibb, ann an Leabhar a Dhà de &lt;i&gt;Sculptured Stones of Scotland &lt;/i&gt;aig John Stuart 1867, obair mar an Kildalton Cross ann an Ìle agus Crois an Naoimh Màrtainn ann an Eilean Ì. Bha &lt;i&gt;Sculptured&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;Monuments&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; of Iona and the West &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;Highlands&lt;/i&gt; aig Drummond, a chaidh fhoillseachadh ann an 1881, cudromach leis gun do tharraing e aire chun na stoidhle snaidheadaireachd seo a bha an impis a dhol à cuimhne.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Faic Macdonald, M., 2008, ‘The Visual Dimension of &lt;i&gt;Carmina Gadelica&lt;/i&gt;’ ann an Stiubhart, D. U., deas., &lt;i&gt;The Life and Legacy of Alexander Carmichael&lt;/i&gt;, Port of Ness: The Islands Book Trust.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Dwelly, E., 1902-1911, Faclair Gàidhlig – air son nan sgoiltean. Le Dealbhan / A Gaelic Dictionary – specially designed for beginners and for use in schools. Profusely illustrated, Herne Bay: The Gaelic Press. Tha an ‘F’ aig ‘Faclair’ stèidhte air an ‘F’ aig ‘Failt’ air duilleag 108 den chiad leabhar de Carmina Gadelica.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;</dc:description><dc:publisher>The Open University</dc:publisher><dc:creator>The Open University</dc:creator><dc:type>Course</dc:type><dc:format>text/html</dc:format><dc:language>en-GB</dc:language><dc:source>Cànan nan Gàidheal - Gaidhlig_1</dc:source><cc:license>Copyright © 2016 The Open University</cc:license></item>
    <item>
      <title>Conclusion</title>
      <link>https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-9</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;This free course provided an introduction to studying Philosophy. It took you through a series of exercises designed to develop your approach to study and learning at a distance and helped to improve your confidence as an independent learner.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-9</guid>
    <dc:title>Conclusion</dc:title><dc:identifier>Gaidhlig_1</dc:identifier><dc:description>&lt;p&gt;This free course provided an introduction to studying Philosophy. It took you through a series of exercises designed to develop your approach to study and learning at a distance and helped to improve your confidence as an independent learner.&lt;/p&gt;</dc:description><dc:publisher>The Open University</dc:publisher><dc:creator>The Open University</dc:creator><dc:type>Course</dc:type><dc:format>text/html</dc:format><dc:language>en-GB</dc:language><dc:source>Cànan nan Gàidheal - Gaidhlig_1</dc:source><cc:license>Copyright © 2016 The Open University</cc:license></item>
    <item>
      <title>Keep on learning</title>
      <link>https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section-10</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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    <item>
      <title>Further reading</title>
      <link>https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section---furtherreading</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>&lt;div class="oucontent-referenceitem"&gt;&lt;i&gt;An Lasair&lt;/i&gt; – cruinneachadh de bh&amp;#xE0;rdachd na 18mh linn, deas. Raghnall Mac Ille Dhuibh, Polygon 2001&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-referenceitem"&gt;&lt;i&gt;An Tuil&lt;/i&gt; – cruinneachadh de bh&amp;#xE0;rdachd na 20mh linn, deas. Raghnall Mac Ille Dhuibh, Polygon 1999&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-referenceitem"&gt; &lt;i&gt;An Oidhche mus do she&amp;#xF2;l i&lt;/i&gt;, Aonghas P&amp;#xE0;draig Caimbeul, &amp;#xD9;r-sgeul, 2003&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-referenceitem"&gt; &lt;i&gt;Samhraidhean D&amp;#xEC;omhair&lt;/i&gt;, Catriona Lexy Chaimbeul, &amp;#xD9;r-sgeul, 2009&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-referenceitem"&gt;&lt;i&gt;B&amp;#xF9;rn is Aran&lt;/i&gt;, Iain Crichton Mac a’ Ghobhainn, Gairm, Glaschu, 1960&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-referenceitem"&gt;&lt;i&gt;An Aghaidh Choimheach&lt;/i&gt;, Iain Moireach, Gairm, Glaschu, 1973&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-referenceitem"&gt;&lt;i&gt;An Claigeann aig Damien Hirst&lt;/i&gt; – cruinneachadh de sgeulachdan goirid, &amp;#xD9;r-sgeul, 2008&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-referenceitem"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Na Balaich air R&amp;#xF2;naidh&lt;/i&gt;, Fionnlagh MacLe&amp;#xF2;id, Aberdeen University Press, 1972&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-referenceitem"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Songs of Gaelic Scotland&lt;/i&gt;, deas. Anna L. Nic Gill &amp;#xCC;osa, Birlinn, 2010&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-referenceitem"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Flower of the West&lt;/i&gt;, Aberdeen, 2000 (Eachdraidh Runrig)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-referenceitem"&gt;&lt;i&gt;The Companion to Gaelic Scotland&lt;/i&gt;, deas. Ruaraidh MacTh&amp;#xF2;mais, Oxford, 1983&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-referenceitem"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Scotland’s Music&lt;/i&gt;, John Purser, Mainstream Publishing D&amp;#xF9;n &amp;#xC8;ideann, 1992&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-referenceitem"&gt;&lt;i&gt;The Fiddle Music of &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;Scotland&lt;/i&gt;, James Hunter, The Hardie Press, D&amp;#xF9;n &amp;#xC8;ideann 1987&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-referenceitem"&gt;&lt;i&gt;The &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;Highland&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; Bagpipe and its Music,&lt;/i&gt; Roderick Cannon, Birlinn, D&amp;#xF9;n &amp;#xC8;ideann, 2008&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-referenceitem"&gt;&lt;i&gt;A National Collection of the National Instrument&lt;/i&gt; (leabhar agus CD) Hugh Cheape, 2008&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-referenceitem"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Psalms from the Hebrides of &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;Scotland&lt;/i&gt; CD Vols 1-3. Ridge Records RR031&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-referenceitem"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Scottish Tradition:&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;Music from the Western Isles&lt;/i&gt;: Tangent Records Number 2. TNGM10&lt;/div&gt;</description>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section---furtherreading</guid>
    <dc:title>Further reading</dc:title><dc:identifier>Gaidhlig_1</dc:identifier><dc:description>&lt;div class="oucontent-referenceitem"&gt;&lt;i&gt;An Lasair&lt;/i&gt; – cruinneachadh de bhàrdachd na 18mh linn, deas. Raghnall Mac Ille Dhuibh, Polygon 2001&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-referenceitem"&gt;&lt;i&gt;An Tuil&lt;/i&gt; – cruinneachadh de bhàrdachd na 20mh linn, deas. Raghnall Mac Ille Dhuibh, Polygon 1999&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-referenceitem"&gt; &lt;i&gt;An Oidhche mus do sheòl i&lt;/i&gt;, Aonghas Pàdraig Caimbeul, Ùr-sgeul, 2003&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-referenceitem"&gt; &lt;i&gt;Samhraidhean Dìomhair&lt;/i&gt;, Catriona Lexy Chaimbeul, Ùr-sgeul, 2009&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-referenceitem"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Bùrn is Aran&lt;/i&gt;, Iain Crichton Mac a’ Ghobhainn, Gairm, Glaschu, 1960&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-referenceitem"&gt;&lt;i&gt;An Aghaidh Choimheach&lt;/i&gt;, Iain Moireach, Gairm, Glaschu, 1973&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-referenceitem"&gt;&lt;i&gt;An Claigeann aig Damien Hirst&lt;/i&gt; – cruinneachadh de sgeulachdan goirid, Ùr-sgeul, 2008&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-referenceitem"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Na Balaich air Rònaidh&lt;/i&gt;, Fionnlagh MacLeòid, Aberdeen University Press, 1972&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-referenceitem"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Songs of Gaelic Scotland&lt;/i&gt;, deas. Anna L. Nic Gill Ìosa, Birlinn, 2010&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-referenceitem"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Flower of the West&lt;/i&gt;, Aberdeen, 2000 (Eachdraidh Runrig)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-referenceitem"&gt;&lt;i&gt;The Companion to Gaelic Scotland&lt;/i&gt;, deas. Ruaraidh MacThòmais, Oxford, 1983&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-referenceitem"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Scotland’s Music&lt;/i&gt;, John Purser, Mainstream Publishing Dùn Èideann, 1992&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-referenceitem"&gt;&lt;i&gt;The Fiddle Music of &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;Scotland&lt;/i&gt;, James Hunter, The Hardie Press, Dùn Èideann 1987&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-referenceitem"&gt;&lt;i&gt;The &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;Highland&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; Bagpipe and its Music,&lt;/i&gt; Roderick Cannon, Birlinn, Dùn Èideann, 2008&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-referenceitem"&gt;&lt;i&gt;A National Collection of the National Instrument&lt;/i&gt; (leabhar agus CD) Hugh Cheape, 2008&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-referenceitem"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Psalms from the Hebrides of &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;Scotland&lt;/i&gt; CD Vols 1-3. Ridge Records RR031&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="oucontent-referenceitem"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Scottish Tradition:&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;Music from the Western Isles&lt;/i&gt;: Tangent Records Number 2. TNGM10&lt;/div&gt;</dc:description><dc:publisher>The Open University</dc:publisher><dc:creator>The Open University</dc:creator><dc:type>Course</dc:type><dc:format>text/html</dc:format><dc:language>en-GB</dc:language><dc:source>Cànan nan Gàidheal - Gaidhlig_1</dc:source><cc:license>Copyright © 2016 The Open University</cc:license></item>
    <item>
      <title>Acknowledgements</title>
      <link>https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section---acknowledgements</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;The unit was funded by generous donations from The Open University’s alumni. Thank you.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Section 1 &lt;i&gt;Gaelic as a national language of &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;Scotland&lt;/i&gt; was written by Roddy Maclean&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Section 2 &lt;i&gt;Celtic roots and international reach&lt;/i&gt; was written by Roddy Maclean&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Section 3 &lt;i&gt;Gaelic in the modern era&lt;/i&gt; was written by Dr Donald John MacLeod&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Section 4 &lt;i&gt;Gaelic – the rationale &lt;/i&gt;was written by Dr Donald John MacLeod&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Section 5 &lt;i&gt;How the Gaelic language works &lt;/i&gt;was written by Dr Donald John MacLeod&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Section 6.1 &lt;i&gt;The art of the &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;G&amp;#xE0;idhealtachd&lt;/i&gt; was written by Professor Murdo MacDonald&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Section 6.2 &lt;i&gt;Gaelic music and song&lt;/i&gt; was written by Dr Hugh Dan MacLennan&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Section 6.3 &lt;i&gt;Dance&lt;/i&gt; was written by Dr Hugh Dan MacLennan&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Section 6.4 &lt;i&gt;Gaelic literature&lt;/i&gt; was written by Dr Donald John MacLeod&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Section 6.5 &lt;i&gt;Sports and pastimes &lt;/i&gt;was written by Dr Hugh Dan MacLennan&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Section 7 &lt;i&gt;FAQs&lt;/i&gt; was written by Dr Hugh Dan MacLennan&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This unit was edited in English by Jo MacDonald and Lucy MacLeod, and in Gaelic by Jo MacDonald.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Grateful acknowledgement is made to the following people for their support and permission to reproduce material in this unit:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;BBC ALBA&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;B&amp;#xF2;rd na G&amp;#xE0;idhlig&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;National Galleries Scotland&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Will Lamb&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Alasdair MacCailum&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Fiona Dunn&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;DW Stewart&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Kathryn Farrell&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Except for third party materials and otherwise stated (see &lt;span class="oucontent-linkwithtip"&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.open.ac.uk/conditions"&gt;terms and conditions&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;), this content is made available under a &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"&gt;Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 Licence&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Course image: &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/tiennegolf/"&gt;Andrea Nardi&lt;/a&gt;  in Flickr made available under &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/legalcode"&gt;Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 Licence&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Various audiovisual clips used courtesy of BBC ALBA.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Box&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt; 6&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;:&lt;/b&gt; The act an overview &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.gaidhlig.org.uk/"&gt;http://www.gaidhlig.org.uk/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Unit image:&lt;/b&gt; iStock&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 1:&lt;/b&gt; Footprint of Dunadd: from Programme 1 Adhart by Ishbel MacLean Productions for BBC&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 4:&lt;/b&gt; Queen Margaret: This image is made available by Wikipedia on &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Creative_Commons"&gt;Creative Commons&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en"&gt;Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 6:&lt;/b&gt; James Stuart Memorial: courtesy of &amp;#xA9; Roddy Maclean&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 7:&lt;/b&gt; Language tree: courtesy of Jack Lynch&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 8:&lt;/b&gt; courtesy of Rosemania/Flickr&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 9:&lt;/b&gt; La Tene Art: &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://autocww.colorado.edu"&gt;http://autocww.colorado.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 11:&lt;/b&gt; 2.2 Map: courtesy of Tormod Kinnes &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://oaks/nvg.org/celin"&gt;http://oaks/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;nvg.org/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;celin&lt;/a&gt; (c) 2000-2010&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 15:&lt;/b&gt; Flag: courtesy of Gaelic Affairs, a Division of the Department of Communities, Culture and Heritage, Province of Nova Scotia&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 16:&lt;/b&gt; Book covers from: Damien Hirst's Skull by Michael Klevenhaus available in German (Der Schadel von Damien Hirst) and Gaelic (An Claigeann aig Damien Hirst): Ur-sgeul &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.ur-sgeul.com/"&gt;http://www.ur-sgeul.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Collage courtesy of &amp;#xA9;Dr Donald John Macleod,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 19:&lt;/b&gt; Big Gaelic Day: courtesy The Highland Council &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.highland.gov.uk"&gt;www.highland.gov.uk&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 20:&lt;/b&gt; Gaelic Medium Primary School Education pupil numbers: &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.cnag.org.uk"&gt;http://www.cnag.org.uk&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 21:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.bsgi.highland.sch.uk"&gt;www.bsgi.highland.sch.uk&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 22:&lt;/b&gt; Wikimedia&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 24:&lt;/b&gt; GME residential learning event in Skye in 2006: &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.cnag.org.uk"&gt;www.cnag.org.uk&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 25:&lt;/b&gt; Ellen Bialystok: news.yorku.can&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 26:&lt;/b&gt; Dr Donald John Macleod&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 27:&lt;/b&gt; A map of An t-sr&amp;#xF2;n, &amp;#x2018;the nose’: &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.allferries.co.uk"&gt;http://www.allferries.co.uk&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figures 28 and 29:&lt;/b&gt; Iain and Sine courtesy of Iain and Sine&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 30:&lt;/b&gt; Aonghas MacNeacail: &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.aonghasmacneacail.co.uk"&gt;http://www.aonghasmacneacail.co.uk&lt;/a&gt;, courtesy of Aonghas MacNeacail&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Section 5 images:&lt;/b&gt; iStockphoto.com&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Montage of children’s book covers adapted from:&lt;/b&gt; Mar a Chuala mise e, told by Mairi Kidd, illustrated by Nicola O' Byrne, St&amp;#xF2;rlann, 2011; Aodach, by Catherine Anholt , Acair Ltd (2007); Bha cailleach ann turas a shluig cuileag mho&amp;#x300;r&amp;#xA0;,by Pam Adams, Swindon, Child's Play (International), 1996; An Tractar agus an Liobht by Catriona Black, Acair Ltd ( 2010); An Gruffalo by Julia Donaldson , Acair Ltd ( 2007); Air do bhonnagan a ghaoil edited by Norman Campbell , Acair Ltd (2005); Am Prionnsa Beag by Antoine De Saint-Exupery , Nadine Sauer Edition Tintenfa (2008)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 31: &lt;/b&gt;Scottish Parliament : &amp;#xA9; unknown&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 32:&lt;/b&gt; Illustrations: BBC ALBA&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 33:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://meetup.gaelicglasgow.org.uk/"&gt;http://meetup.gaelicglasgow.org.uk/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 33:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.glasgowgaelic.glasgow.sch.uk"&gt;www.glasgowgaelic.glasgow.sch.uk&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 34:&lt;/b&gt; Map iStockphoto.com, Old Deer image made available from Wikimedia&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 38:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;William McTaggart, The Sailing of the Emigrant Ship, National Gallery of &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;Scotland&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 39:&lt;/b&gt; An example of Will Maclean’s Memorial Cairns (Aignis), courtesy of Murdo MacDonald&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 40:&lt;/b&gt; City Art Centre, Edinburgh: courtesy of Murdo MacDonald&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 41:&lt;/b&gt; Crannghal, courtesy of Murdo MacDonald&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 42:&lt;/b&gt; A waulking song group in South Uist. &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.tobarandualchais.co.uk"&gt;http://www.tobarandualchais.co.uk&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 43:&lt;/b&gt; A scene from the opera Hiort: St Kilda: Courtesy of Proisect nan Ealan, the Gaelic National Arts Agency&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 44:&lt;/b&gt; Cover from Aneka’s &amp;#x2018;Japanese Boy’ (1981) , Hansa International&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 47:&lt;/b&gt; Highland dancing made available on Wikipedia on a &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_License"&gt;Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Unported License&lt;/a&gt; (CC-BY-SA)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 48:&lt;/b&gt; Sorley MacLean – courtesy of Dr Julian Toms&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 54:&lt;/b&gt; The Littlejohn album photo courtesy of Dr H D MacLennan&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 55:&lt;/b&gt; Shinty in 21st century photo Willie Thornton of Largs&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 56:&lt;/b&gt; Runrig &amp;#x2018;Everything You See’ (2007) album cover&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Montage of adult books adapted from:&lt;/b&gt; Fo Sgail a Swastika: Under the Shadow of the Swastika by Donald J MacDonald , Acair Ltd ( 2000); Essential Gaelic Dictionary – by &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.amazon.co.uk/Boyd-Robertson/e/B001HQ361Q/ref=ntt_athr_dp_pel_1"&gt;Boyd Robertson&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.amazon.co.uk/Essential-Gaelic-Dictionary-Teach-Yourself/dp/1444103997/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&amp;amp;ie=UTF8&amp;amp;qid=1312368163&amp;amp;sr=1-1"&gt;http://www.amazon.co.uk/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Essential-Gaelic-Dictionary-Teach-Yourself/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;dp/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;1444103997/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;ref=sr_1_1?s=books&amp;amp;ie=UTF8&amp;amp;qid=1312368163&amp;amp;sr=1-1&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.amazon.co.uk/s/ref=ntt_athr_dp_sr_2?_encoding=UTF8&amp;amp;search-alias=books-uk&amp;amp;field-author=Ian%20MacDonald"&gt;Ian MacDonald&lt;/a&gt;, Teach Yourself ( 2010); Suthainn Sior by Norma NicLeoid, &amp;#xD9;r-Sgeul 2011; Orain Lizzie a’Ghlinne by Ealasaid SHUTHARLAN, [Stornoway] Comhairle nan leabhraichean 2010; Sulaisgeir:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Authors: Catriona MacGeoch, John Love, Finlay Macleod, Acair Ltd ( 2010); Cleasan A' Bhaile Mhor by Catriona Lexy Campbell, Sandstone Press Ltd; SMP ed edition (2009); Impireachd by Iain F. MacLeoid, 2010, &amp;#xD9;r-Sgeul 2010; Cocoa and Crabs/Coco is Crubagan: A Hebridean Childhood by Flora MacDonald , The Islands Book Trust ( 2009); Verbots: Learn 101 Scottish Gaelic Verbs by Rory Ryder , Tsunami Systems (2009); An Cuilithionn 1939: The Cuillin 1939 and Unpublished Poems by Sorley Maclean, Christopher Whyte (Editor); Association for Scottish Literary Studies (2011); The Gaelic-English Dictionary: A Dictionary of Scottish Gaelic by Colin B.D. Mark , Routledge; 1 edition (2003); An Druim Bho Thuath by Tormod Caimbeul , &amp;#xD9;r-Sgeul 2011; Cleas Sgathain by Mairi Anna NicDhomhnaill,, Publisher: &amp;#xD9;r-Sgeul 2008; DUALCHAS AN AGHAIDH NAN CREAG (THE GAELIC REVIVAL 1890–2020) by Domhnall Iain MacLeoid, CLO BEAG; Orain nan Gaidheal: Gaelic Sea-Songs and Lullabies v. 3: Songs of the Gael edited by Bruce Campbell, Gairm Publications (1994); Meas Air Chrannaibh (Fruit on Branches) by Angus Peter Campbell, Acair Ltd (2007)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Graph: &amp;#xA9; K MacKinnon, Sgr&amp;#xF9;d, www.sgrud.org.uk&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Graph: Compiled by the research agency Sgr&amp;#xF9;d &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.sgrud.org.uk"&gt;www.sgrud.org.uk&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Poem:&lt;/b&gt; Marilyn Monroe by Aonghas Macneacail &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.aonghasmacneacail.co.uk/"&gt;http://www.aonghasmacneacail.co.uk/&lt;/a&gt; &amp;#xA9;aonghasmacneacail Courtesy of Aonghas MacNeacail&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Poem:&lt;/b&gt; Scotland V Argentina &amp;#xA9; Derick Thomson&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Don't miss out:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;If reading this text has inspired you to learn more, you may be interested in joining the millions of people who discover our free learning resources and qualifications by visiting The Open University - &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.open.edu/openlearn/free-courses?utm_source=openlearn&amp;amp;utm_campaign=ol&amp;amp;utm_medium=ebook"&gt;www.open.edu/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;openlearn/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;free-courses&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/more-languages/canan-nan-gaidheal/content-section---acknowledgements</guid>
    <dc:title>Acknowledgements</dc:title><dc:identifier>Gaidhlig_1</dc:identifier><dc:description>&lt;p&gt;The unit was funded by generous donations from The Open University’s alumni. Thank you.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Section 1 &lt;i&gt;Gaelic as a national language of &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;Scotland&lt;/i&gt; was written by Roddy Maclean&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Section 2 &lt;i&gt;Celtic roots and international reach&lt;/i&gt; was written by Roddy Maclean&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Section 3 &lt;i&gt;Gaelic in the modern era&lt;/i&gt; was written by Dr Donald John MacLeod&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Section 4 &lt;i&gt;Gaelic – the rationale &lt;/i&gt;was written by Dr Donald John MacLeod&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Section 5 &lt;i&gt;How the Gaelic language works &lt;/i&gt;was written by Dr Donald John MacLeod&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Section 6.1 &lt;i&gt;The art of the &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;Gàidhealtachd&lt;/i&gt; was written by Professor Murdo MacDonald&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Section 6.2 &lt;i&gt;Gaelic music and song&lt;/i&gt; was written by Dr Hugh Dan MacLennan&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Section 6.3 &lt;i&gt;Dance&lt;/i&gt; was written by Dr Hugh Dan MacLennan&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Section 6.4 &lt;i&gt;Gaelic literature&lt;/i&gt; was written by Dr Donald John MacLeod&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Section 6.5 &lt;i&gt;Sports and pastimes &lt;/i&gt;was written by Dr Hugh Dan MacLennan&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Section 7 &lt;i&gt;FAQs&lt;/i&gt; was written by Dr Hugh Dan MacLennan&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This unit was edited in English by Jo MacDonald and Lucy MacLeod, and in Gaelic by Jo MacDonald.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Grateful acknowledgement is made to the following people for their support and permission to reproduce material in this unit:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;BBC ALBA&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bòrd na Gàidhlig&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;National Galleries Scotland&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Will Lamb&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Alasdair MacCailum&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Fiona Dunn&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;DW Stewart&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Kathryn Farrell&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Except for third party materials and otherwise stated (see &lt;span class="oucontent-linkwithtip"&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.open.ac.uk/conditions"&gt;terms and conditions&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;), this content is made available under a &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"&gt;Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 Licence&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Course image: &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/tiennegolf/"&gt;Andrea Nardi&lt;/a&gt;  in Flickr made available under &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/legalcode"&gt;Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 Licence&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Various audiovisual clips used courtesy of BBC ALBA.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Box&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt; 6&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;:&lt;/b&gt; The act an overview &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.gaidhlig.org.uk/"&gt;http://www.gaidhlig.org.uk/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Unit image:&lt;/b&gt; iStock&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 1:&lt;/b&gt; Footprint of Dunadd: from Programme 1 Adhart by Ishbel MacLean Productions for BBC&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 4:&lt;/b&gt; Queen Margaret: This image is made available by Wikipedia on &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Creative_Commons"&gt;Creative Commons&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en"&gt;Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 6:&lt;/b&gt; James Stuart Memorial: courtesy of © Roddy Maclean&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 7:&lt;/b&gt; Language tree: courtesy of Jack Lynch&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 8:&lt;/b&gt; courtesy of Rosemania/Flickr&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 9:&lt;/b&gt; La Tene Art: &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://autocww.colorado.edu"&gt;http://autocww.colorado.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 11:&lt;/b&gt; 2.2 Map: courtesy of Tormod Kinnes &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://oaks/nvg.org/celin"&gt;http://oaks/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;nvg.org/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;celin&lt;/a&gt; (c) 2000-2010&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 15:&lt;/b&gt; Flag: courtesy of Gaelic Affairs, a Division of the Department of Communities, Culture and Heritage, Province of Nova Scotia&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 16:&lt;/b&gt; Book covers from: Damien Hirst's Skull by Michael Klevenhaus available in German (Der Schadel von Damien Hirst) and Gaelic (An Claigeann aig Damien Hirst): Ur-sgeul &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.ur-sgeul.com/"&gt;http://www.ur-sgeul.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Collage courtesy of ©Dr Donald John Macleod,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 19:&lt;/b&gt; Big Gaelic Day: courtesy The Highland Council &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.highland.gov.uk"&gt;www.highland.gov.uk&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 20:&lt;/b&gt; Gaelic Medium Primary School Education pupil numbers: &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.cnag.org.uk"&gt;http://www.cnag.org.uk&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 21:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.bsgi.highland.sch.uk"&gt;www.bsgi.highland.sch.uk&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 22:&lt;/b&gt; Wikimedia&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 24:&lt;/b&gt; GME residential learning event in Skye in 2006: &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.cnag.org.uk"&gt;www.cnag.org.uk&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 25:&lt;/b&gt; Ellen Bialystok: news.yorku.can&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 26:&lt;/b&gt; Dr Donald John Macleod&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 27:&lt;/b&gt; A map of An t-sròn, ‘the nose’: &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.allferries.co.uk"&gt;http://www.allferries.co.uk&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figures 28 and 29:&lt;/b&gt; Iain and Sine courtesy of Iain and Sine&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 30:&lt;/b&gt; Aonghas MacNeacail: &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.aonghasmacneacail.co.uk"&gt;http://www.aonghasmacneacail.co.uk&lt;/a&gt;, courtesy of Aonghas MacNeacail&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Section 5 images:&lt;/b&gt; iStockphoto.com&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Montage of children’s book covers adapted from:&lt;/b&gt; Mar a Chuala mise e, told by Mairi Kidd, illustrated by Nicola O' Byrne, Stòrlann, 2011; Aodach, by Catherine Anholt , Acair Ltd (2007); Bha cailleach ann turas a shluig cuileag mhòr ,by Pam Adams, Swindon, Child's Play (International), 1996; An Tractar agus an Liobht by Catriona Black, Acair Ltd ( 2010); An Gruffalo by Julia Donaldson , Acair Ltd ( 2007); Air do bhonnagan a ghaoil edited by Norman Campbell , Acair Ltd (2005); Am Prionnsa Beag by Antoine De Saint-Exupery , Nadine Sauer Edition Tintenfa (2008)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 31: &lt;/b&gt;Scottish Parliament : © unknown&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 32:&lt;/b&gt; Illustrations: BBC ALBA&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 33:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://meetup.gaelicglasgow.org.uk/"&gt;http://meetup.gaelicglasgow.org.uk/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 33:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.glasgowgaelic.glasgow.sch.uk"&gt;www.glasgowgaelic.glasgow.sch.uk&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 34:&lt;/b&gt; Map iStockphoto.com, Old Deer image made available from Wikimedia&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 38:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;William McTaggart, The Sailing of the Emigrant Ship, National Gallery of &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;Scotland&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 39:&lt;/b&gt; An example of Will Maclean’s Memorial Cairns (Aignis), courtesy of Murdo MacDonald&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 40:&lt;/b&gt; City Art Centre, Edinburgh: courtesy of Murdo MacDonald&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 41:&lt;/b&gt; Crannghal, courtesy of Murdo MacDonald&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 42:&lt;/b&gt; A waulking song group in South Uist. &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.tobarandualchais.co.uk"&gt;http://www.tobarandualchais.co.uk&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 43:&lt;/b&gt; A scene from the opera Hiort: St Kilda: Courtesy of Proisect nan Ealan, the Gaelic National Arts Agency&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 44:&lt;/b&gt; Cover from Aneka’s ‘Japanese Boy’ (1981) , Hansa International&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 47:&lt;/b&gt; Highland dancing made available on Wikipedia on a &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_License"&gt;Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Unported License&lt;/a&gt; (CC-BY-SA)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 48:&lt;/b&gt; Sorley MacLean – courtesy of Dr Julian Toms&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 54:&lt;/b&gt; The Littlejohn album photo courtesy of Dr H D MacLennan&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 55:&lt;/b&gt; Shinty in 21st century photo Willie Thornton of Largs&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure 56:&lt;/b&gt; Runrig ‘Everything You See’ (2007) album cover&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Montage of adult books adapted from:&lt;/b&gt; Fo Sgail a Swastika: Under the Shadow of the Swastika by Donald J MacDonald , Acair Ltd ( 2000); Essential Gaelic Dictionary – by &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.amazon.co.uk/Boyd-Robertson/e/B001HQ361Q/ref=ntt_athr_dp_pel_1"&gt;Boyd Robertson&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.amazon.co.uk/Essential-Gaelic-Dictionary-Teach-Yourself/dp/1444103997/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&amp;ie=UTF8&amp;qid=1312368163&amp;sr=1-1"&gt;http://www.amazon.co.uk/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Essential-Gaelic-Dictionary-Teach-Yourself/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;dp/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;1444103997/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;ref=sr_1_1?s=books&amp;ie=UTF8&amp;qid=1312368163&amp;sr=1-1&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.amazon.co.uk/s/ref=ntt_athr_dp_sr_2?_encoding=UTF8&amp;search-alias=books-uk&amp;field-author=Ian%20MacDonald"&gt;Ian MacDonald&lt;/a&gt;, Teach Yourself ( 2010); Suthainn Sior by Norma NicLeoid, Ùr-Sgeul 2011; Orain Lizzie a’Ghlinne by Ealasaid SHUTHARLAN, [Stornoway] Comhairle nan leabhraichean 2010; Sulaisgeir:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Authors: Catriona MacGeoch, John Love, Finlay Macleod, Acair Ltd ( 2010); Cleasan A' Bhaile Mhor by Catriona Lexy Campbell, Sandstone Press Ltd; SMP ed edition (2009); Impireachd by Iain F. MacLeoid, 2010, Ùr-Sgeul 2010; Cocoa and Crabs/Coco is Crubagan: A Hebridean Childhood by Flora MacDonald , The Islands Book Trust ( 2009); Verbots: Learn 101 Scottish Gaelic Verbs by Rory Ryder , Tsunami Systems (2009); An Cuilithionn 1939: The Cuillin 1939 and Unpublished Poems by Sorley Maclean, Christopher Whyte (Editor); Association for Scottish Literary Studies (2011); The Gaelic-English Dictionary: A Dictionary of Scottish Gaelic by Colin B.D. Mark , Routledge; 1 edition (2003); An Druim Bho Thuath by Tormod Caimbeul , Ùr-Sgeul 2011; Cleas Sgathain by Mairi Anna NicDhomhnaill,, Publisher: Ùr-Sgeul 2008; DUALCHAS AN AGHAIDH NAN CREAG (THE GAELIC REVIVAL 1890–2020) by Domhnall Iain MacLeoid, CLO BEAG; Orain nan Gaidheal: Gaelic Sea-Songs and Lullabies v. 3: Songs of the Gael edited by Bruce Campbell, Gairm Publications (1994); Meas Air Chrannaibh (Fruit on Branches) by Angus Peter Campbell, Acair Ltd (2007)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Graph: © K MacKinnon, Sgrùd, www.sgrud.org.uk&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Graph: Compiled by the research agency Sgrùd &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.sgrud.org.uk"&gt;www.sgrud.org.uk&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Poem:&lt;/b&gt; Marilyn Monroe by Aonghas Macneacail &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.aonghasmacneacail.co.uk/"&gt;http://www.aonghasmacneacail.co.uk/&lt;/a&gt; ©aonghasmacneacail Courtesy of Aonghas MacNeacail&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Poem:&lt;/b&gt; Scotland V Argentina © Derick Thomson&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Don't miss out:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;If reading this text has inspired you to learn more, you may be interested in joining the millions of people who discover our free learning resources and qualifications by visiting The Open University - &lt;a class="oucontent-hyperlink" href="http://www.open.edu/openlearn/free-courses?utm_source=openlearn&amp;utm_campaign=ol&amp;utm_medium=ebook"&gt;www.open.edu/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;openlearn/&lt;span class="oucontent-hidespace"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;free-courses&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</dc:description><dc:publisher>The Open University</dc:publisher><dc:creator>The Open University</dc:creator><dc:type>Course</dc:type><dc:format>text/html</dc:format><dc:language>en-GB</dc:language><dc:source>Cànan nan Gàidheal - Gaidhlig_1</dc:source><cc:license>Copyright © 2016 The Open University</cc:license></item>
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