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# Long description

Example 1 is an extract. It reads: ‘The description of a character’s experience of the start of a migraine attack in Ian McEwan’s Atonement (20012, p. 63): “She felt in the top right corner of her brain a heaviness, the inert body weight of some curled and sleeping animal; but when she touched her head and pressed, the presence disappeared from the co-ordinates of actual space. Now it was in the top right corner of her mind, and in her imagination she could stand on tiptoe and raise her right hand to it. It was important, however, not to provoke it; once this lazy creature moved from the peripheries to the centre, then the knifing pains wouuld obliterate all thought, and there would be no chance of dining with Leon and the family tonight.”’

Example 2 is a joke. It reads: ‘A penguin walks into a shop and asks the assistant: “Do you have any grapes?” “No,” he replies. The same thing happens the next day and on the third day the assistant replies: “No, and id you come in asking for grapes again I will nail your flippers to the floor” Next day the penguin walks in and asks: “Got any nails?” “No,” replies the assistant. “Got any grapes?” the penguin asks. (Daily Mail, 2014)’

Example 3 is a tweet. It reads: ‘A conversation reported on Twitter by the father in the conversation: “Father: All you post on Instagram is selfies; Son 2: I have high self-esteem; Daughter: You mean selfie-esteem.”’

Example 4 is an image of a wall with graffiti. There is a jagged black line that starts on the left side of the image and meanders to the top. In the bottom half of the image some white text in graffiti font reads ‘This is my New York accent’, with the dot on top of the ‘I’ in the shape of a star. Below it in much smaller white writing and a more standard italics font is the text ‘… normally I write like this’.

Example 5 is a cartoon with a yellow background, showing a green hedge row in the shape of a square. A man and a woman are inside the square hedge. Above the square is a speech bubble with the words ‘Yes it’s lovely, but there’s something about an open plan maze that doesn’t quite work for me.’

Example 6 is a poem by ee Cummings written top to bottom laid out in the following way: first stanza, first line: ‘n’; first stanza, second line: ‘Othl’; first stanza, third line: ‘n’; second stanza, only line: ‘g can’; third stanza, first line: ‘s’; third stanza, second line: ‘erPas;’ third stanza, third line: ‘s’; fourth stanza, only line: ‘the m’; fifth stanza, first line: ‘y’; fifth stanza, second line: ‘SteR’; fifth stanza, third line: ‘y’; sixth stanza, only line: ‘of’; seventh stanza, first line: ‘s’; seventh stanza, second line: ‘tilLnes’; seventh stanza, third line: ‘s’. Last line: ‘ee cummings’.