L196_1 Croeso: beginners' WelshAbout this free courseThis OpenLearn course provides a sample of level 1 study in Languages http://www.open.ac.uk/courses/find/languagesThis version of the content may include video, images and interactive content that may not be optimised for your device.You can experience this free course as it was originally designed on OpenLearn, the home of free learning from The Open University - http://www.open.edu/openlearn/languages/welsh/croeso-beginners-welsh/content-section-0.There you’ll also be able to track your progress via your activity record, which you can use to demonstrate your learning.

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Copyright © 2016 The Open UniversityIntellectual propertyUnless otherwise stated, this resource is released under the terms of the Creative Commons Licence v4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.en_GB. Within that The Open University interprets this licence in the following way: www.open.edu/openlearn/about-openlearn/frequently-asked-questions-on-openlearn. Copyright and rights falling outside the terms of the Creative Commons Licence are retained or controlled by The Open University. Please read the full text before using any of the content.We believe the primary barrier to accessing high-quality educational experiences is cost, which is why we aim to publish as much free content as possible under an open licence. If it proves difficult to release content under our preferred Creative Commons licence (e.g. because we can’t afford or gain the clearances or find suitable alternatives), we will still release the materials for free under a personal end-user licence.This is because the learning experience will always be the same high quality offering and that should always be seen as positive – even if at times the licensing is different to Creative Commons.When using the content you must attribute us (The Open University) (the OU) and any identified author in accordance with the terms of the Creative Commons Licence.The Acknowledgements section is used to list, amongst other things, third party (Proprietary), licensed content which is not subject to Creative Commons licensing. Proprietary content must be used (retained) intact and in context to the content at all times.The Acknowledgements section is also used to bring to your attention any other Special Restrictions which may apply to the content. For example there may be times when the Creative Commons Non-Commercial Sharealike licence does not apply to any of the content even if owned by us (The Open University). In these instances, unless stated otherwise, the content may be used for personal and non-commercial use.We have also identified as Proprietary other material included in the content which is not subject to Creative Commons Licence. These are OU logos, trading names and may extend to certain photographic and video images and sound recordings and any other material as may be brought to your attention.Unauthorised use of any of the content may constitute a breach of the terms and conditions and/or intellectual property laws.We reserve the right to alter, amend or bring to an end any terms and conditions provided here without notice.All rights falling outside the terms of the Creative Commons licence are retained or controlled by The Open University.Head of Intellectual Property, The Open UniversityDesigned and edited by The Open University978 1 47300 059 9 (.kdl)
978 1 47300 154 1 (.epub)Welsh is a direct descendant of the Celtic language which was spoken in Britain before, during and after the Roman occupation. It is Britain’s oldest spoken language, and possesses a rich cultural history. Closely related to Breton and Cornish, and more distantly to Irish, Manx and Scots Gaelic, it is today spoken by almost 600,000 people in Wales, some 20 per cent of the population.This OpenLearn course provides a sample of level 1 study in Languages.You can learn more about Wales, the Welsh people and the Welsh language in the free course Discovering Wales and Welsh: first steps, which is based on the Open University course LG001 Discovering Wales and Welsh.Tell us what you think! We’d love to hear from you to help us improve our free learning offering through OpenLearn by filling out this short survey.After studying this course, you should be able to:greet people and give an introduction in Welshunderstand the numbers 0-10 in Welshunderstand the days of the week in Welshexchange basic personal information.

The main aim of Croeso is to teach you basic Welsh and to provide you with some cultural knowledge about Wales and other areas where Welsh is spoken. This course will give you an opportunity to begin reading, writing speaking and listening to Welsh.

While Wales has long had a standard literary language, no standard spoken form has been imposed and a speaker of Welsh will display certain dialect traits when speaking. While there are differences between east and west, the major distinction is between north and south. The divergences occur gradually rather than there being any clear demarcation line. Variations occur in pronunciation, the choice of words and in a few grammatical structures. Croeso teaches a form of Welsh from South Wales. Students on the full Croeso course can access written and spoken examples of northern Welsh on the course website.

This course consists of sessions 2, 3 and 4 taken from the first course of L196 Croeso. Each session (Sesiwn) consists of a number of activities (named Ymarfer - exercise) to develop your reading, writing, speaking and listening skills in Welsh. You will also find some sections headed Ymarfer pellach (further practice), and at the end of sessions 3 & 4 a vocabulary list (Geirfa) followed by a grammar summary (Gramadeg).A pdf transcript accompanies each audio track.These main sessions are followed by additional reading and writing practice sessions 2, 3 and 4. You can choose to complete the additional practice material immediately after each corresponding Sesiwn, or you may wish to leave them all for revision at the end of the course.

In this session you will learn about greetings and introductions, how to count from zero to ten and you will practise the days of the week.Ymarfer 1Read these phrases, then listen to them on the audio clip below and repeat. Note that the common greeting Sut mae? is pronounced shwmai in South Wales.

Sut mae?	How are things/you?
Bore da	Good morning
Prynhawn da	Good afternoon
Noswaith dda	Good evening
Hwyl	Goodbye (informal)
Da boch chi	Goodbye (formal)

Audio 6AGwrandewch ar y cyfarchion hyn a’u dweud ar ôl y sain:Listen to these greetings and repeat after the sound:Sut mae? (SFX) Sut mae?Bore da (SFX) Bore daPrynhawn da (SFX) Prynhawn daNoswaith dda (SFX) Noswaith ddaHwyl (SFX) HwylDa boch chi (SFX) Da boch chiYmarfer 2Which greeting would you use at different times of day? Listen to audio track and respond appropriately.Audio 7B.How would you greet people at these times?B.In the afternoon?A.Prynhawn da.B.In the morning?A.Bore da.B.In the evening?A.Noswaith dda.B.At any time?A.Sut mae?Ymarfer 3This is how you introduce yourself. Listen to the audio clip and respond to the prompt.Pwy dych chi? Who are you?___ dw i. I'm ___.Audio 8B.How do you ask someone who they are and reply? Repeat after the sound using your own name.A.Pwy dych chi (SFX) Pwy dych chi?B.Nia dw i. (SFX) Nia dw i.You may want to add the following:Braf cwrdd â chi. Nice meeting you.Ymarfer 4Read the following words and phrases used for introductions. Then play the audio clip, listening to the examples and repeating them in the pause. Note that the common greeting Sut dych chi? is pronounced shwd ŷ chi in South Wales.

Sut dych chi?	How are you?
Da iawn, diolch	Very well, thank you
Iawn	Fine
Go lew/Gweddol	OK/Not bad
Wedi blino	Tired
Ofnadwy	Terrible

Audio 9A.Asking how someone feels and responding. Repeat after the sound.Sut dych chi? (SFX) Sut dych chi?Da iawn, diolch (SFX) Da iawn, diolchIawn (SFX) IawnGo lew (SFX) Go lewGweddol (SFX) GweddolWedi blino (SFX) Wedi blinoOfnadwy (SFX) OfnadwyYmarfer 5In response to the question Sut dych chi? write an appropriate response to match the symbols.

You should have written the following:(a) da iawn (diolch)(b) ofnadwy(c) go lew/gweddol(ch) wedi blinoYmarfer 6Now listen to the audio clip where you will hear questions asked of the following people. Give the reply they would offer.John – tiredElisabeth – very well, thanksTom – terribleAudio 10B. Yma, rhaid i chi roi’r ymateb cywir.Here, give the correct response to the question.John feels tired, Elisabeth feels very well thanks, Tom feels terrible.B.Bore da, John. Sut dych chi?A.Wedi blino.A.Sut mae, Elisabeth. Sut dych chi?B.Da iawn, diolch.B.Tom, sut dych chi?A.Ofnadwy!Ymarfer 7Read the numbers first and then say them aloud. Then play the audio clip, listening to the pronunciation and repeating after each number.

0	dim
1	un
2	dau
3	tri
4	pedwar
5	pump
6	chwech
7	saith
8	wyth
9	naw
10	deg

Audio 11B.Rhifo. Counting.Dwedwch y rhif ar ôl y sain. Repeat the number after the sound.A.dim (SFX) dimun (SFX) undau (SFX) dautri (SFX) tripedwar (SFX) pedwarpump (SFX) pumpchwech (SFX) chwechsaith (SFX) saithwyth (SFX) wythnaw (SFX) nawdeg (SFX) degYmarfer 8Listen to the numbers in the audio clip and say which number comes next.Audio 12B.Say the number which comes next, on hearing the sound.A.triB.pedwarA.dauB.triA.nawB.degA.chwecB.saithA.pumpB.chwechA.dimB.unA.pedwarB.pumpA.unB.dauYmarfer pellachHere are some more ideas for number practice:learn to say your own telephone number in Welshwhenever you come across numbers during the day, try saying them in Welshpractise counting down from 10 to 0.Ymarfer 9Now for some more practice. Say these sums aloud and answer them in Welsh. When you come across ‘+’, say a (and), and for ‘−’ say tynnu (take away).(a) 3 + 5 =(b) 9 − 4 =(c) 3 + 4 − 7 =(ch) 8 − 5 =(d) 10 − 1 =(dd) 3 + 7 =(e) 4 + 6 − 8 =How was your arithmetic? Did your sums go like this?(a) tri + pump = wyth(b) naw − pedwar = pump(c) tri + pedwar − saith = dim(ch) wyth − pump = tri(d) deg − un = naw(dd) tri + saith = deg(e) pedwar + chwech − wyth = dauYmarfer 10Look at the days of the week and find out what they are called in Welsh. Then listen to the audio clip and practise saying them.

Audio 13A.Dyddiau’r wythnos. The days of the week.Dwedwch y gair ar ôl clywed y sain. Say the word after hearing the sound.B.dydd Sul (SFX) dydd Suldydd Llun (SFX) dydd Llundydd Mawrth (SFX) dydd Mawrthdydd Mercher (SFX) dydd Mercherdydd Iau (SFX) dydd Iaudydd Gwener (SFX) dydd Gwenerdydd Sadwrn (SFX) dydd SadwrnNow try to say the days of the week in order in Welsh, starting with Sunday. Use the jumbled list below to help you.

Ymarfer 11Using the audio clip, listen to the prompts and say which day comes next.Audio 14B.Say which day comes next, on hearing the sound.A.dydd MawrthB.dydd MercherA.dydd SulB.dydd LlunA.dydd IauB.dydd GwenerA.dydd LlunB.dydd MawrthA.dydd MercherB.dydd IauA.dydd SadwrnB.dydd SulYmarfer 12Listen to the dialogue in the audio clip below and fill in the missing words.Audio 15B.Gwrandewch ar y ddeialog.A.Now listen to the dialogue.Bore da, pwy dych chi?B.Siân dw i. Pwy dych chi?A.Huw dw i. Sut dych chi, Siân?B.Wedi blino. Sut dych chi?A.Da iawn. Braf cwrdd â chi. Hwyl.B.Hwyl!Huw___da. Pwy dych chi?SiânSiân dw i. Pwy dych chi?HuwHuw dw i. Sut dych chi, ___ ?Siân___. Sut dych chi?Huw___. Braf cwrdd â chi. Hwyl!Siân___.Here is the complete dialogue:HuwBore da. Pwy dych chi?SiânSiân dw i. Pwy dych chi?HuwHuw dw i. Sut dych chi, Siân?SiânWedi blino. Sut dych chi?HuwDa iawn. Braf cwrdd â chi. Hwyl!SiânHwyl!Ymarfer 13Finally, test yourself on what you have learned in this session by listening to the English prompts in this audio clip and responding in Welsh.Audio 16A.Ask, “Who are you?” * B. Pwy dych chi?A.Say that it’s good to meet you. * B. Braf cwrdd â chi.A.Say: Good morning. * B. Bore da.A.Say that you’re tired. * B. Wedi blino.A.Ask: How are you? * B. Sut dych chi?A.Say: Very well, thanks. * B. Da iawn, diolch.B.Da iawn. Ceisiwch gyfarch rhywun sy’n siarad Cymraeg drwy ddweud Bore da, neu Sut mae.Well done. Try to greet someone who speaks Welsh by saying Bore da, or Sut mae.In this session you will learn how to ask for and give basic information.Ymarfer 14Read the following exchanges, then listen to the audio clip and repeat what you hear.

Beth yw'ch enw chi?	What's your name?
Huw dw i.	I'm Huw.
Gareth dych chi?	Are you Gareth?
Beth yw'ch rhif ffôn chi?	What's your phone number?

Audio 17B.Dwedwch y geiriau ar ôl clywed y sain.Say the words after hearing the sound.A.Beth yw’ch enw chi? (SFX) Beth yw’ch enw chi?A.Huw dw i. (SFX) Huw dw i.A.Gareth dych chi? (SFX) Gareth dych chi?A.Beth yw’ch rhif ffôn chi? (SFX) Beth yw’ch rhif ffôn chi?Ymarfer 15Listen to the audio clip below. Make a note of the places and telephone numbers you hear, then play the clip again and give the information in Welsh.Audio 18B.Say the corresponding place and telephone number in Welsh.B.Aberystwyth 242 112A.Aberystwyth, dau, pedwar, dau, un, un, dauB.Llangollen 559 123A.Llangollen, pump, pump, naw, un, dau, triB.Llanelli 257 257A.Llanelli, dau, pump, saith, dau, pump, saith

	Lle	Rhif
Enghraifft	Caerdydd	567 900
Rhif ffôn 1
Rhif ffôn 2
Rhif ffôn 3

The answers for this activity are recorded in the audio clip.Ymarfer 16Listen to the phrases in the audio clip and repeat them after the sound.Audio 19B.Gwrandewch ar yr ymadroddion, a’u dweud ar ôl y sain.Listen to these phrases and repeat after the sound.A.Ble dych chi’n byw? (SFX) Ble dych chi’n byw?A.Dw i’n byw yn Aberystwyth. (SFX) Dw i’n byw yn Aberystwyth.A.Dych chi’n byw yn Aberystwyth? (SFX) Dych chi’n byw yn Aberystwyth?A.Ydw, dw i’n byw yn Aberystwyth. (SFX) Ydw, dw i’n byw yn Aberystwyth?A.Nac ydw, dw i ddim yn byw yn Aberystwyth. (SFX) Nac ydw, dw i ddim yn byw yn Aberystwyth?A.O ble dych chi’n dod yn wreiddiol? (SFX) O ble dych chi’n dod yn wreiddiol?A.Beth dych chi’n wneud? (SFX) Beth dych chi’n wneud?A.Ble dych chi’n gweithio? (SFX) Ble dych chi’n gweithio?

Ble dych chi'n byw?	Where do you live?
Dw i'n byw yn Aberystwyth.	I live in Aberystwyth.
Dych chi'n byw yn Aberystwyth?	Do you live in Aberystwyth?
Ydw, dw i'n byw yn Aberystwyth.	Yes, I live in Aberystwyth.
Nac ydw, dw i ddim yn byw yn Aberystwyth.	No, I don't live in Aberystwyth.
O ble dych chi'n dod yn wreiddiol?	Where do you come from originally?
Beth dych chi'n wneud?	What do you do?
Ble dych chi'n gweithio?	Where do you work?
If you live near a town rather than in it, you may need to use ar bwys:
Dw i'n byw ar bwys Llanbed.	I live near Lampeter.

Ymarfer 17Now learn the phrases in Ymarfer 16 and test yourself using the audio clip. Try to ask the questions without looking at the text.Audio 20B.Gofynnwch y cwestiynau hyn. Ask these questions:B.Ask, “Where do you live?”A.Ble dych chi’n byw?B.Ask, “Do you live in Aberystwyth?”A.Dych chi’n byw yn Aberystwyth?B.Ask, “From where do you come originally?”A.O ble dych chi’n dod yn wreiddiol?B.Ask, “Where do you work?”A.Ble dych chi’n gweithio?B.Ask, “What do you do?”A.Beth dych chi’n wneud?Fill in the gaps in the responses to the questions below.Dych chi'n byw yn Llanelli?a) ___, dw i'n byw yn Llanelli.b) Nac ydw, ___ yn byw yn Llanelli.c) ___, dw i'n byw yn Abertawe.Dych chi'n byw ar bwys Wrecsam?(ch) ___, dw i ddim yn byw ar bwys Wrecsam.(d) Ydw, ___ ar bwys Wrecsam.(dd) Nac ydw, ___ ar bwys Rhuthun.If you were asked O ble dych chi'n dod yn wreiddiol? (Where do you come from originally?) you might answer:

Dw i'n dod o Bontypridd.	I come from Pontypridd.
Dw i'n dod o Loegr.	I come from England.
Dw i'n dod o Gwmbrân.	I come from Cwmbrân.

What do you notice about the Welsh place-names Pontypridd, Lloegr and Cwmbrân in these sentences?Here are the complete sentences:Dych chi'n byw yn Llanelli?a) Ydw, dw i'n byw yn Llanelli.b) Nac ydw, dw i ddim yn byw yn Llanelli.c) Nac ydw, dw i'n byw yn Abertawe.Dych chi'n byw ar bwys Wrecsam?(ch) Nac ydw, dw i ddim yn byw ar bwys Wrecsam.(d) Ydw, dw i'n byw ar bwys Wrecsam.(dd) Nac ydw, dw i'n byw ar bwys Rhuthun.You will have noticed that the initial consonant of the Welsh place-names Pontypridd, Lloegr and Cwmbrân have been ‘softened’ to Bontypridd, Loegr and Gwmbrân. This is a regular change in Welsh known as the soft mutation, which is explained in the grammar section at the end of Session 3.Ymarfer 18Listen to the audio clip where you are asked to say where you live and where you come from originally. You will be prompted to use the places given in the grid below, and then to give your real details.Audio 21A.Say that you live in Llangollen, and you come from AberystwythB.Dw i’n byw yn Llangollen, a dw i’n dod o Aberystwyth.A.Say that you live in Rhyl, and you come from PontypriddB.Dw i’n byw yn y Rhyl, a dw i’n dod o Bontypridd.A.Say that you live in Aberaeron, and you come from EnglandB.Dw i’n byw yn Aberaeron a dw i’n dod o Loegr.A.Say that you live in Ynys Môn, and you come from Cwmbrân.B.Dw i’n byw yn Ynys Môn a dw i’n dod o Gwmbrân.A.Say where you actually live and where you actually come from originally.

	You live in	You come from
1	Llangollen	Aberystwyth
2	Y Rhyl	Pontypridd
3	Aberaeron	England
4	Ynys Môn (Anglesey)	Cwmbrân

Ymarfer 19If you were asked Beth dych chi'n wneud? (What do you do?) you might use one of the following answers.

Athro dw i.	I'm a teacher. (male)
Athrawes dw i.	I'm a teacher. (female)
Gŵr tŷ dw i/Gwraig tŷ dw i.	I'm a house husband/I'm a housewife.
Dw i wedi ymddeol.	I'm retired.
Dw i'n ddi-waith.	I'm unemployed.
Dw i'n gweithio mewn siop.	I work in a shop.
Dw i'n gweithio yn y banc.	I work in the bank.

Now listen to the audio clip and repeat what you hear.Audio 22B.Dwedwch y geiriau ar ôl clywed y sain. Say the words after the sound.A.Athro dw i.Athro dw i.B.Athrawes dw i.Athrawes dw i.A.Gŵr tŷ dw i.Gŵr tŷ dw i.B.Gwraig tŷ dw i.Gwraig tŷ dw i.A.Dw i wedi ymddeol.Dw i wedi ymddeol.B.Dw i’n ddi-waith.Dw i’n ddi-waith.A.Dw i’n gweithio mewn siop.Dw i’n gweithio mewn siop.B.Dw i’n gweithio yn y banc.Dw i’n gweithio yn y banc.Ymarfer pellachPractise saying these extra phrases:

Mecanic dw i.	I'm a mechanic.
Dw i'n gweithio yn Tesco.	I work in Tesco.
Dw i'n gweithio fel actor.	I work as an actor.
Dw i'n gweithio i M&S.	I work for M&S.

Ymarfer 20Listen to the dialogue in the audio clip. How do the speakers answer these questions in Welsh?Audio 23A.Now listen to the dialogue:A.Wel, helo, sut dych chi?B.Da iawn, diolch.A.Dych chi’n byw yn Aberhonddu nawr?B.Nac ydw. Dw i’n byw yn Llanelli.A.Beth dych chi’n wneud nawr?B.Dw i’n gweithio yn y banc. A chi?A.Dw i wedi ymddeol. A dw i’n dysgu Cymraeg!

	Geraint	Ffion
Sut dych chi?
Ble dych chi'n byw?
Beth dych chi'n wneud?

Try to pick up the second thing which Geraint says he does – it's a useful thing to know how to say.Here is the completed grid:

	Geraint	Ffion
Sut dych chi?		Da iawn
Ble dych chi'n byw?		Yn Llanelli
Beth dych chi'n wneud?	Dw i wedi ymddeol.	Dw i'n gweithio yn y banc.

Geraint added ‘…a dw i'n dysgu Cymraeg’ (‘… and I'm learning Welsh’).Ymarfer 21Finally, use the audio clip to practise giving your own personal answers to the questions you have learned. If necessary, go back over some of the activities until you feel confident in using the language you have learned in this session.Audio 24B.Nawr atebwch y cwestiynau hyn. Answer these questions using information about yourself.A.Beth yw’ch enw chi?A.O ble dych chi’n dod yn wreiddiol?A.Ble dych chi’n byw?A.Beth dych chi’n wneud?A.Ble dych chi’n gweithio?A.Beth yw’ch rhif ffôn chi?GeirfaNouns in Welsh are either masculine or feminine. Sometimes the gender of a word will be obvious from the meaning (e.g. athro, athrawes), but for others (e.g. siop, swyddfa) you need to learn the gender when you learn the word. In the Geirfa sections of Croeso you can assume that nouns are masculine – gwrywaidd – unless they are marked (b) – benywaidd (feminine). Look at your own Welsh dictionary now to check how it indicates the gender of nouns. It will be made clear later on why you need to know a noun's gender.

actor	actor	byw	to live
actores (b)	actress, female	di-waith	unemployed
	actor	dod	to come
ar bwys	near	enw	name
ar hyn o bryd	at the moment	gŵr tŷ	house husband
athrawes (b)	teacher (female)	gwraig tŷ(b)	housewife
athro	teacher (male)	gweithio	to work
banc	bank	mewn	in a
nawr	now	wedi ymddeol	retired
o (+ TM)	from (+ soft mutation)	yn	in + the/in + specific place
rhif ffôn	phone number	yn wreiddiol	originally
siop (b)	shop	ysbyty	hospital
swyddfa (b)	office	ysgol (b)	school

Write down some vocabulary words that are relevant to you.Gramadega/anNotice that there is no indefinite article (a/an) in Welsh:

athro	a teacher
siop	a shop

Mewn or yn?Use mewn when it means ‘in a’:in a hospital = mewn ysbytyin a factory = mewn ffatriUse yn when you refer to somewhere specific:in the house = yn y tŷin Glangwili hospital = yn Ysbyty Glangwiliin the Sony factory = yn ffatri SonyMutations – TreigladauSome consonants at the beginning of words undergo regular changes when in certain positions. The most common of these changes is known as the soft mutation (y treiglad meddal), which affects the initial letters listed in the table on the right. One place where this change occurs is after the word ‘from’. You will still be understood if you forget to use the mutated form, but, particularly when you need to find words in a dictionary, you need to be aware of the changes.

In this session you will work on asking for and giving basic information about another person.Ymarfer 22Read the dialogue below and note down the different ways you can ask who someone is. Notice the differences between ‘his name’ and ‘her name’ in Welsh. Then play the audio clip, listening to the questions and answers and repeating after the pause.* Note that ie and nage are used to answer a question which begins with a name or an occupation.

Beth yw ei enw e?	What's his name?
Huw yw e.	He's Huw.
Beth yw ei henw hi?	What's her name?
Carol yw hi.	She's Carol.
Pwy yw e?	Who's he?
Simon yw e.	He's Simon.
Pwy yw hi?	Who's she?
Llinos yw hi.	She's Llinos.
Gareth yw e?	Is he/that Gareth?
Ie*	Yes
Heulwen yw hi?	Is she/that Heulwen?
Nage*	No

Audio 25A.Gwrandewch ar y geiriau a’u dweud ar ôl y sain.Listen to the words and repeat after the sound.B.Beth yw ei enw e? (SFX) Beth yw ei enw e?A.Huw yw e. (SFX) Huw yw e.B.Beth yw ei henw hi? (SFX) Beth yw ei henw hi?A.Carol yw hi. (SFX) Carol yw hi.B.Pwy yw e? (SFX) Pwy yw e?A.Simon yw e (SFX) Simon yw eB.Pwy yw hi? (SFX) Pwy yw hi?A.Llinos yw hi. (SFX) Llinos yw hi.B.Gareth yw e? (SFX) Gareth yw e?A.Ie (SFX) IeB.Heulwen yw hi? (SFX) Heulwen yw hi?A.Nage (SFX) NageYou should have noted the following:Beth yw ei enw e?Beth yw ei henw hi?Pwy yw e?Pwy yw hi?Gareth yw e?Heulwen yw hi?Did you notice the difference between ei enw e and ei henw hi?Ymarfer 23Now practise asking the questions. Listen to the English prompts in the audio clip and ask the correct questions in Welsh.Audio 26B.Ask these questions.B.Ask: What’s his name?A.Beth yw ei enw e?B.Ask: What’s her name?A.Beth yw ei henw hi?B.Ask: Who is he?A.Pwy yw e?B.Ask: Who is she?A.Pwy yw hi?B.Ask: Is he Gareth?A.Gareth yw e?B.Ask: Is she Heulwen?A.Heulwen yw hi?Ymarfer 24You now practise asking for a telephone number. Read the following questions and note down the differences between ‘his phone number’ and ‘her phone number’ in Welsh. Then listen to the first three phrases in the audio clip and repeat in the pause.

Beth yw ei rif ffôn e?	What is his phone number?
Beth yw ei rhif ffôn hi?	What is her phone number?
Beth yw rhif ffôn Carol?	What is Carol's phone number?
Beth yw rhif ffôn Edward?	What is Edward's phone number?

You only need to learn the phrases for now. Further explanation of the added h in ei henw hi and the change from rh to r in ei rif ffôn e can be found in other Welsh grammar reference materials, and will be provided for students registered on the full Croeso course.Audio 27A.Gwrandewch ar y geiriau a’u dweud ar ôl y sain.Listen to the words and repeat after the sound.B.Beth yw ei rif ffôn e? (SFX) Beth yw ei rif ffôn e?B.Beth yw ei rhif ffôn hi? (SFX) Beth yw ei rhif ffôn hi?B.Beth yw rhif ffôn Carol? (SFX) Beth yw rhif ffôn Carol?Ymarfer 25Make up suitable questions or answers to complete the grid:

Cwestiynau	Atebion
	John yw e.
	Nage, Mair yw hi.
Beth yw ei rif ffôn e?
Beth yw ei henw hi?

Your completed grid should include the following:

Pwy yw e?	John yw e.
(any female name) yw hi?	Nage, Mair yw hi.
Beth yw ei rif ffôn e?	(any telephone number)
Beth yw ei henw hi?	(any female name)

Ymarfer 26Read the following questions and responses, then play the audio clip and practise them.

Ble mae e'n byw?	Where does he live?
Mae e'n byw mewn fflat.	He lives in a flat.
Mae e'n byw ar fferm.	He lives on a farm.
Ble mae hi'n byw?	Where does she live?
Mae hi'n byw yn y wlad.	She lives in the country.
Mae hi'n byw yn y dre.	She lives in town.
O ble mae e'n dod yn wreiddiol?	Where does he come from originally?
Mae e'n dod o Aberdâr yn wreiddiol.	He comes from Aberdare originally.
O ble mae hi'n dod yn wreiddiol?	Where does she come from originally?
Mae hi'n dod yn wreiddiol o'r Rhyl.	She comes from Rhyl originally.

Audio 28B.Gwrandewch ar y geiriau a’u dweud ar ôl y sain.Listen to the words and repeat after the sound.B.Ble mae e’n byw? * Ble mae e’n byw?A.Mae e’n byw mewn fflat. * Mae e’n byw mewn fflat.A.Mae e’n byw ar fferm. * Mae e’n byw ar fferm.B.Ble mae hi’n byw? * Ble mae hi’n byw?A.Mae hi’n byw yn y wlad. * Mae hi’n byw yn y wlad.A.Mae hi’n byw yn y dre. * Mae hi’n byw yn y dre.B.O ble mae e’n dod yn wreiddiol? * O ble mae e’n dod yn wreiddiol?A.Mae e’n dod o Aberdâr yn wreiddiol * Mae e’n dod o Aberdâr yn wreiddiol.B.O ble mae hi’n dod yn wreiddiol? * O ble mae hi’n dod yn wreiddiol?A.Mae hi’n dod yn wreiddiol o’r Rhyl. * Mae hi’n dod yn wreiddiol o’r Rhyl.Ymarfer 27When you are confident that you know the expressions taught in Ymarfer 4.5, use the audio clip to test yourself.Audio 29A.Answer according to the prompts given.Say that he lives in town.B.Mae e’n byw yn y dre.A.Say that she comes from Aberystwyth originally.B.Mae hi’n dod o Aberystwyth yn wreiddiol.A.Say that he lives in the countryside.B.Mae e’n byw yn y wlad.A.Say that she lives in a flat.B.Mae hi’n byw mewn fflat.A.Say that he comes from Pontypridd originally.B.Mae e’n dod o Bontypridd yn wreiddiol.Ymarfer 28Read the phrases below, then listen to the audio clip and repeat.

Beth mae e'n wneud?	What does he do?
Mecanic yw e.	He's a mechanic.
Beth mae hi'n wneud?	What does she do?
Meddyg yw hi.	She's a doctor.

Audio 30A.Gwrandewch ar y geiriau a’u dweud ar ôl y sain.Listen to the words and repeat after the sound.Beth mae e’n wneud?Beth mae e’n wneud?B.Mecanic yw e. (SFX) Mecanic yw e.A.Beth mae hi’n wneud? (SFX) Beth mae hi’n wneud?B.Meddyg yw hi. (SFX) Meddyg yw hi.Ymarfer 29Read the following and note the different ways of asking questions and responding positively or negatively.

Ydy e'n gweithio?	Does he work?
Ydy, mae e'n gweithio fel garddwr.	Yes, he works as a gardener.
Ydy, mae e'n gweithio gyda phlant.	Yes, he works with children.
Nac ydy, mae e'n ddi-waith.	No, he's unemployed.
Ydy hi'n gweithio?	Does she work?
Ydy, mae hi'n gweithio fel ysgrifenyddes.	Yes, she works as a secretary.
Nac ydy, mae hi wedi ymddeol.	No, she's retired.

Ymarfer 90Answer the questions based on the information in the following pictures.

(a) Ydy Siôn yn gweithio fel adeiladwr?(b) Beth mae Catrin yn wneud?(c) Ydy Iwan yn gweithio fel ffermwr?(ch) Nyrs yw Nia?(d) Plismon yw Hasan?(dd) Beth mae Pádraig yn wneud?(e) Ydy Iolo yn gweithio gyda chyfrifiaduron?(f) Trydanwr yw Dic?(ff) Ydy Mairead yn gweithio mewn swyddfa?(g) Ydy Gwynfor wedi ymddeol?(ng) Beth mae Ceinwen yn wneud?(h) Ydy Helmut yn gweithio mewn siop?Here are the correct answers:(a) Ydy, mae e'n gweithio fel adeiladwr.(b) Meddyg yw hi (or Mae hi'n gweithio fel meddyg).(c) Nac ydy, nyrs yw e (or Nac ydy, mae e'n gweithio fel nyrs).(ch) Nage, athrawes yw hi (or Nage, mae hi'n gweithio fel athrawes).(d) Ie, plismon yw e.(dd) Gyrrwr (lori) yw e (or Mae e'n gweithio fel gyrrwr (lori)).(e) Nac ydy, garddwr yw e (or Mae e'n gweithio fel garddwr).(f) Nage, ffermwr yw e.(ff) Ydy, swyddog gweinyddol yw hi (or Mae hi'n gweithio fel swyddog gweinyddol).(g) Nac ydy, mae e'n gweithio fel trydanwr (or Nac ydy, trydanwr yw e).(ng) Mecanic yw hi (or Mae hi'n gweithio fel mecanic)(h) Ydy, siopwr yw e.Ymarfer 31Now practise talking about people's occupations. Listen to the prompts in the audio clip and respond in Welsh.Audio 31A.Answer according to the prompts given.Say that she’s a doctor.B.Meddyg yw hi.A.Say that she’s a nurse.B.Nyrs yw hi.A.Say that he’s a builder.B.Adeiladwr yw e.A.Say that she’s a teacher.B.Athrawes yw hi.A.Say that he’s a policeman.B.Plismon yw e.A.Say that he’s a driver.B.Gyrrwr yw e.Ymarfer 32Listen to the dialogue in the audio clip and answer the following questions:Audio 32B.Now listen to the dialogue:A.Dych chi’n nabod Gareth Lloyd?B.Gareth Lloyd...? Doctor yw e?A.Ie, mae e’n byw ar bwys Pontarddulais.B.Ydy e’n gweithio nawr?A.Ydy. Mae e’n gweithio mewn ysbyty yn Abertawe.B.Ond o ble mae e’n dod yn wreiddiol?A.O Gaerdydd, dw i’n meddwl.(a) Mecanic yw Gareth Lloyd?(b) Ble mae e'n byw?(c) Ydy e'n gweithio mewn ysbyty?(ch) Ydy e'n dod o Abertawe yn wreiddiol?Here are the answers to the questions:(a) Nage, doctor yw e.(b) Mae e'n byw ar bwys Pontarddulais.(c) Ydy, mae e'n gweithio mewn ysbyty (yn Abertawe).(ch) Nac ydy, o Gaerdydd mae e'n dod yn wreiddiol.Geirfa

actor	actor	meddwl	to think
actores (b)	actress	meddyg, doctor	doctor
adeiladwr	builder	nabod	to know
ar fferm	on a farm		(person)
cyfrifiadur/on	computer/s	nyrs	nurse
dyma…	this is…	ond	but
dw i ddim yn	I don't know	plant	children
gwybod	(a fact)	plismon	policeman
fel	as (a)	plismones (b)	policewoman
fferm (b)	farm	siopwr	shopkeeper
ffermwr	farmer	swyddog	administrative
fflat	flat	gweinyddol	officer
gwybod	to know	trydanwr	electrician
	(fact)	tŷ	house
gyda	with	y dre (b)	the town
gyda	with	y wlad (b)	the country/countryside
chyfrifiaduron	computers
gyda fi	with me	ysgrifennydd	secretary
gyda phlant	with children		(male)
gyrru	to drive	ysgrifenyddes (b)	secretary
gyrrwr	driver		(female)
mecanic	mechanic

GramadegAnswering ‘Yes/No’You have already seen that if a question begins with: Dych chi…?  the answer is Ydw/Nac ydwIf a question begins with: Ydy e/Ydy hi …? the answer is Ydy/Nac ydyIf there is a name or profession at the beginning of the question: Huw dych chi? Actor yw e? the answer is Ie/Nageyn ('n) and wediYou don't need 'n with wedi: Dw i wedi ymddeol.y/yr/‘rThese three forms correspond to ‘the’ in English.y is used before consonants: y dre, y siopyr is used before vowels and ‘h’: yr ysbyty, yr ysgol, yr adran (department), yr haf (summer)'r is used after vowels, regardless of what comes afterwards: Beth yw enw'r dyn? (What's the man's name?) Mae e'n gyrru'r lori. (He drives the lorry.) Mae hi'n dod o'r wlad. (She comes from the country.)ei ‘her’Notice that if ei meaning ‘her’ comes before a word beginning with a vowel it causes the vowel to be preceded by h: ei henw hi.

Ymarfer 33Ysgrifennwch sut byddech chi'n cyfarch pobl ar yr adegau yma o'r dydd:How you would greet people at these times of the day?:(a) 3 p.m. ____________(b) 10 a.m. ____________(c) 7 p.m. ____________(ch) 7 a.m. ____________(d) 5 p.m. ____________(dd) 8 p.m. ____________Here are the correct answers:(a) 3 p.m. Prynhawn da(b) 10 a.m. Bore da(c) 7 p.m. Noswaith dda(ch) 7 a.m. Bore da(d) 5 p.m. Prynhawn da(dd) 8 p.m. Noswaith ddaYmarfer 34Llenwch y bylchau:Fill in the blanks:(a) Pwy______chi?(b) Da______, diolch.(c) Dydd Sul, Dydd Llun, Dydd Mawrth, Dydd______, Dydd Iau.(ch) Gareth ______ i.(d) Sut ______ chi?(dd) Braf ______ â chi.You should have filled in the blanks as follows:(a) Pwy dych chi?(b) Da iawn, diolch.(c) Dydd Sul, Dydd Llun, Dydd Mawrth, Dydd Mercher, Dydd Iau.(ch) Gareth dw i.(d) Sut dych chi?(dd) Braf cwrdd â chi.Ymarfer 35Cyfieithwch:Translate:(a) Good morning ____________(b) How are you? ____________(c) Who are you? ____________(ch) I'm Mr Jones ____________(d) Nice to meet you ___________(dd) Fine, thank you ___________(e) Goodbye! ____________Here are the correct translations:(a) Bore da.(b) Sut dych chi?(c) Pwy dych chi?(ch) Mr Jones dw i.(d) Braf cwrdd â chi.(dd) Iawn, diolch.(e) Hwyl Fawr! / Da boch chi!Ymarfer 36Ysgrifennwch yr ateb i'r symiau yn Gymraeg:Write the answer to the sums using Welsh words (not numerals!):(a) 4 + 5 ____________(b) 8 – 2 ____________(c) 3 + 4 ____________(ch) 8 – 6 ____________(d) 5 + 3 ____________(dd) 4 + 6 ____________(e)9 + 2 – 11 ____________You should have the following answers if your maths is sound:(a) naw(b) chwech(c) saith(ch) dau(d) wyth(dd) deg(e) dimYmarfer 37Ysgrifennwch ddyddiau'r wythnos yn eu trefn gywir, gan ddechrau gyda dydd Sul:Write the days of the week in the correct order, starting with Sunday:Dydd Sadwrn ____________Dydd Mawrth ____________Dydd Sul ____________Dydd Iau ____________Dydd Mercher ____________Dydd Gwener ____________Dydd Llun ____________These are the days of the week in order, beginning with Sunday:Dydd SulDydd LlunDydd MawrthDydd MercherDydd IauDydd GwenerDydd Sadwrn

Ymarfer 38Ysgrifennwch y cwestiynau ar gyfer yr atebion hyn:Write the questions for these answers:(a) ____________ ? Meirion Rees dw i.(b) ____________ ? Dw i'n byw yn Aberystwyth.(c) ____________ ? 01443 989023(ch) ____________ ? Mecanic dw i.(d) ____________ ? Dw i'n gweithio yn swyddfa Fred Williams.(dd) ____________ ? Dw i'n dod o Dregaron yn wreiddiol.Here are the correct questions:(a) Beth yw'ch enw chi? or Pwy dych chi?(b) Ble dych chi'n byw?(c) Beth yw'ch rhif ffôn chi?(ch) Beth dych chi'n wneud?(d) Ble dych chi'n gweithio?(dd) O ble dych chi'n dod yn wreiddiol?Ymarfer 39Rhowch y geiriau mewn trefn i wneud brawddegau cywir:Put the words in order to form correct sentences:(a) yr Wyddgrug? byw Dych yn chi’n ____________(b) dw Gwraig i tŷ ____________(c) chi? Michael Hughes dych ____________(ch) wreiddiol? O dych dod yn chi'n ble ____________(d) siop gweithio i'n mewn Dw ____________(dd) bwys i'n byw Dw ar Castell-nedd ____________These are the correct sentences:(a) Dych chi'n byw yn yr Wyddgrug?(b) Gwraig tŷ dw i.(c) Michael Hughes dych chi?(ch) O ble dych chi'n dod yn wreiddiol?(d) Dw i'n gweithio mewn siop.(dd) Dw i'n byw ar bwys Castell-nedd.Ymarfer 40Gorffennwch y brawddegau hyn:Complete these sentences:(a) Beth ___ 'ch rhif ffôn chi?(b) Ble ___ chi'n byw?(c) Dw i'n ___ o Fodelwyddan.(ch) Dw i ___ ymddeol.(d) Dw i'n gweithio ___ siop.(dd) Dw i'n gweithio ___ Ysbyty Singleton.This is what you should have written in the gaps:(a) Beth yw'ch rhif ffôn chi?(b) Ble dych chi'n byw?(c) Dw i'n dod o Fodelwyddan.(ch) Dw i wedi ymddeol.(d) Dw i'n gweithio mewn siop. (mewnis used when it means 'in a')(dd) Dw i'n gweithio yn Ysbyty Singleton. (ynis used when it refers to a specific location)Ymarfer 41Atebwch y cwestiynau yn ôl y gofyn gyda brawddegau llawn:Answer the questions according to the prompts – Y =‘positive’, N = ‘negative’. Use complete sentences:Enghraifft:Dych chi'n byw yn Abergwaun? (N) Nac ydw, dw i'n byw yn Wdig.(a) Dych chi'n byw ar bwys y Felinheli? (Y)____________(b) Dych chi'n gweithio mewn swyddfa? (Y)____________(c) Dych chi'n gweithio yn Tesco? (N)____________You should have these answers to questions (a) and (b). The answer to question (c) after Nac ydw is one possibility only.Ydw, dw i'n byw ar bwys y Felinheli.Ydw, dw i'n gweithio mewn swyddfa.Nac ydw, dw i'n gweithio yn Boots.Ymarfer 42Ysgrifennwch y geiriau Cymraeg yn y bwlch yn lle'r geiriau Saesneg mewn cromfachau:Write the Welsh words in the gap instead of the English words in brackets:(a) Dw i ___ (retired)(b) Dych chi'n byw ___? (in Llanelli)(c) Dw i'n gweithio ___ (in a school)(ch) Dw i'n byw ___ (near Dolgellau)(d) Dych chi'n gweithio ___? (in the bank)(dd) Dw i'n gweithio ___ (near the hospital)These are the complete sentences with the translations of the English words in bold:(a) Dw i wedi ymddeol.(b) Dych chi'n byw yn Llanelli?(c) Dw i'n gweithio mewn ysgol.(ch) Dw i'n byw ar bwys Dolgellau.(d) Dych chi'n gweithio yn y banc?(dd) Dw i'n gweithio ar bwys yr ysbyty.Ymarfer 43Atebwch y cwestiynau gyda brawddegau llawn:Answer the questions with complete sentences:(a) Beth yw'ch enw chi? ____________(b) Ble dych chi'n byw? ____________(c) O ble dych chi'n dod yn wreiddiol? ____________(ch) Beth dych chi'n wneud?____________(d) Ble dych chi'n gweithio? ____________The answers will obviously vary according to each individual, but compare what you have written with this version to check the structures you used.(a) Mari Williams dw i.(b) Dw i'n byw yn Abertawe.(c) Dw i'n dod o Gaerdydd yn wreiddiol.(ch) Actores dw i.(d) Dw i'n gweithio yn Theatr y Grand.

Ymarfer 44Llenwch y bylchau yn y sgwrs hon.Mae Sioned a Gwenda yn edrych ar ffotograff:Fill the blanks in this conversation.Sioned and Gwenda are looking at a photograph:SionedBeth ___ ei enw e?GwendaFe? Colin ___ e. Mae e'n ___ yn y swyddfa.SionedO ble ___ e'n dod?GwendaO Aberystwyth. Ond ___ e'n byw ar bwys Aberaeron nawr.SionedBeth mae e'n ___ yn y swyddfa?GwendaTechnegydd (technician) ___ e. Mae e'n gweithio ___ chyfrifiaduron.SionedPwy ___ hi?GwendaO, Carys ___ hi.SionedYsgrifenyddes ___ hi?Gwenda___ (N), athrawes yw hi.SionedO ble mae hi'n dod yn ___ ?GwendaO Fangor.SionedYdy hi'n byw yn ___ dre?Gwenda___ (Y)This is how the blanks should be filled:SionedBeth yw ei enw e?GwendaFe? Colin yw e. Mae e'n gweithio yn y swyddfa.SionedO ble mae e'n dod?GwendaO Aberystwyth. Ond mae e'n byw ar bwys Aberaeron nawr.SionedBeth mae e'n wneud yn y swyddfa?GwendaTechnegydd yw e. Mae e'n gweithio gyda chyfrifiaduron.SionedPwy yw hi?GwendaO, Carys yw hi.SionedYsgrifenyddes yw hi?GwendaNage, athrawes yw hi.SionedO ble mae hi'n dod yn wreiddiol?GwendaO Fangor.SionedYdy hi'n byw yn y dre?GwendaYdyYmarfer 45Ysgrifennwch y brawddegau hyn yn Gymraeg:Write these sentences in Welsh:(a) He lives in Llanelli. ____________(b) Where does she live? ____________(c) What does he do? ____________(ch) She's a nurse. ____________(d) What's her name? ____________(dd) She lives near town. ____________(e) What's his phone number? ____________(f) Does he work? ____________(ff) He works with children. ____________(g) She works as a teacher. ____________These are the sentences correctly translated into Welsh:(a) Mae e'n byw yn Llanelli.(b) Ble mae hi'n byw?(c) Beth mae e'n wneud?(ch) Nyrs yw hi.(d) Beth yw ei henw hi?(dd) Mae hi'n byw ar bwys y dre.(e) Beth yw ei rif ffôn e?(f) Ydy e'n gweithio?(ff) Mae e'n gweithio gyda phlant.(g) Mae hi'n gweithio fel athrawes.

This free course provided an introduction to studying languages. It took you through a series of exercises designed to develop your approach to study and learning at a distance, and helped to improve your confidence as an independent learner.You can learn more about Wales, the Welsh people and the Welsh language in the free course Discovering Wales and Welsh: first steps, which is based on the Open University course LG001 Discovering Wales and Welsh.

 Study another free courseThere are more than 800 courses on OpenLearn for you to choose from on a range of subjects. Find out more about all our free courses. Take your studies furtherFind out more about studying with The Open University by visiting our online prospectus.If you are new to university study, you may be interested in our Access Courses or Certificates. What’s new from OpenLearn?Sign up to our newsletter or view a sample. For reference, full URLs to pages listed above:OpenLearn – www.open.edu/openlearn/free-coursesVisiting our online prospectus – www.open.ac.uk/coursesAccess Courses – www.open.ac.uk/courses/do-it/accessCertificates – www.open.ac.uk/courses/certificates-heNewsletter ­– www.open.edu/openlearn/about-openlearn/subscribe-the-openlearn-newsletterThis free course is an adapted extract from the course L196 Croeso: beginners' Welsh, which is currently out of presentation.Except for third party materials and otherwise stated (see terms and conditions), this content is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 LicenceCourse image: Geraint Rowland in Flickr made available under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.0 Licence.Grateful acknowledgement is made to WJEC/CBAC for permission to use extracts adapted for this OpenLearn course from:Croeso: beginners’ Welsh, an Open University adaptation of the Welsh language courses, Cwrs Mynediad by Elin Meek and Cwrs Sylfaen by Mark Stonelake and Emyr Davies, published by CBAC/WJEC.Don't miss out:If reading this text has inspired you to learn more, you may be interested in joining the millions of people who discover our free learning resources and qualifications by visiting The Open University - www.open.edu/openlearn/free-courses

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