RSS feed for Croeso: beginners' Welsh

Introduction

The Open University — Mon, 05 Jul 2010 23:00:00 GMT

Welsh is a direct descendant of the Celtic language which was spoken in Britain before, during and after the Roman occupation. It is Britain’s oldest spoken language, and possesses a rich cultural history. Closely related to Breton and Cornish, and more distantly to Irish, Manx and Scots Gaelic, it is today spoken by almost 600,000 people in Wales, some 20 per cent of the population.

This OpenLearn course provides a sample of level 1 study in Languages.

You can learn more about Wales, the Welsh people and the Welsh language in the free course Discovering Wales and Welsh: first steps, which is based on the Open University course LG001 Discovering Wales and Welsh.

Tell us what you think! We’d love to hear from you to help us improve our free learning offering through OpenLearn by filling out this short survey.

Learning outcomes

The Open University — Mon, 05 Jul 2010 23:00:00 GMT

After studying this course, you should be able to:

greet people and give an introduction in Welsh
understand the numbers 0-10 in Welsh
understand the days of the week in Welsh
exchange basic personal information.

1.1 Aims of the course

The Open University — Mon, 05 Jul 2010 23:00:00 GMT

The main aim of Croeso is to teach you basic Welsh and to provide you with some cultural knowledge about Wales and other areas where Welsh is spoken. This course will give you an opportunity to begin reading, writing speaking and listening to Welsh.

1.2 Which variety of Welsh is taught in Croeso?

The Open University — Mon, 05 Jul 2010 23:00:00 GMT

While Wales has long had a standard literary language, no standard spoken form has been imposed and a speaker of Welsh will display certain dialect traits when speaking. While there are differences between east and west, the major distinction is between north and south. The divergences occur gradually rather than there being any clear demarcation line. Variations occur in pronunciation, the choice of words and in a few grammatical structures. Croeso teaches a form of Welsh from South Wales. Students on the full Croeso course can access written and spoken examples of northern Welsh on the course website.

1.3 How this course is structured

The Open University — Mon, 05 Jul 2010 23:00:00 GMT

This course consists of sessions 2, 3 and 4 taken from the first course of L196 Croeso. Each session (Sesiwn) consists of a number of activities (named Ymarfer - exercise) to develop your reading, writing, speaking and listening skills in Welsh. You will also find some sections headed Ymarfer pellach (further practice), and at the end of sessions 3 & 4 a vocabulary list (Geirfa) followed by a grammar summary (Gramadeg).

A pdf transcript accompanies each audio track.

These main sessions are followed by additional reading and writing practice sessions 2, 3 and 4. You can choose to complete the additional practice material immediately after each corresponding Sesiwn, or you may wish to leave them all for revision at the end of the course.

2 Sesiwn 2

The Open University — Mon, 05 Jul 2010 23:00:00 GMT

In this session you will learn about greetings and introductions, how to count from zero to ten and you will practise the days of the week.

Ymarfer 1

Read these phrases, then listen to them on the audio clip below and repeat. Note that the common greeting Sut mae? is pronounced shwmai in South Wales.

Sut mae?	How are things/you?
Bore da	Good morning
Prynhawn da	Good afternoon
Noswaith dda	Good evening
Hwyl	Goodbye (informal)
Da boch chi	Goodbye (formal)

Download this audio clip.Audio player: Audio 6 >

Audio 6

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Transcript: Audio 6

Gwrandewch ar y cyfarchion hyn a’u dweud ar ôl y sain:

Listen to these greetings and repeat after the sound:

Sut mae? (SFX) Sut mae?

Bore da (SFX) Bore da

Prynhawn da (SFX) Prynhawn da

Noswaith dda (SFX) Noswaith dda

Hwyl (SFX) Hwyl

Da boch chi (SFX) Da boch chi

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Ymarfer 2

Which greeting would you use at different times of day? Listen to audio track and respond appropriately.

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Audio 7

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Transcript: Audio 7

How would you greet people at these times?

In the afternoon?

Prynhawn da.

In the morning?

Bore da.

In the evening?

Noswaith dda.

At any time?

Sut mae?

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Ymarfer 3

This is how you introduce yourself. Listen to the audio clip and respond to the prompt.

Pwy dych chi? Who are you?
___ dw i. I'm ___.

Download this audio clip.Audio player: Audio 8 >

Audio 8

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Transcript: Audio 8

How do you ask someone who they are and reply? Repeat after the sound using your own name.

Pwy dych chi (SFX) Pwy dych chi?

Nia dw i. (SFX) Nia dw i.

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You may want to add the following:

Braf cwrdd â chi. Nice meeting you.

Ymarfer 4

Read the following words and phrases used for introductions. Then play the audio clip, listening to the examples and repeating them in the pause. Note that the common greeting Sut dych chi? is pronounced shwd ŷ chi in South Wales.

Sut dych chi?	How are you?
Da iawn, diolch	Very well, thank you
Iawn	Fine
Go lew/Gweddol	OK/Not bad
Wedi blino	Tired
Ofnadwy	Terrible

Download this audio clip.Audio player: Audio 9 >

Audio 9

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Transcript: Audio 9

Asking how someone feels and responding. Repeat after the sound.

Sut dych chi? (SFX) Sut dych chi?

Da iawn, diolch (SFX) Da iawn, diolch

Iawn (SFX) Iawn

Go lew (SFX) Go lew

Gweddol (SFX) Gweddol

Wedi blino (SFX) Wedi blino

Ofnadwy (SFX) Ofnadwy

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Ymarfer 5

In response to the question Sut dych chi? write an appropriate response to match the symbols.

Answer

You should have written the following:

(a) da iawn (diolch)

(b) ofnadwy

(ch) wedi blino

Ymarfer 6

Now listen to the audio clip where you will hear questions asked of the following people. Give the reply they would offer.

a.John – tired
b.Elisabeth – very well, thanks
c.Tom – terrible

Download this audio clip.Audio player: Audio 10 >

Audio 10

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Transcript: Audio 10

B. Yma, rhaid i chi roi’r ymateb cywir.

Here, give the correct response to the question.

John feels tired, Elisabeth feels very well thanks, Tom feels terrible.

Bore da, John. Sut dych chi?

Wedi blino.

Sut mae, Elisabeth. Sut dych chi?

Da iawn, diolch.

Tom, sut dych chi?

Ofnadwy!

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Ymarfer 7

Read the numbers first and then say them aloud. Then play the audio clip, listening to the pronunciation and repeating after each number.

0	dim
1	un
2	dau
3	tri
4	pedwar
5	pump
6	chwech
7	saith
8	wyth
9	naw
10	deg

Download this audio clip.Audio player: Audio 11 >

Audio 11

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Transcript: Audio 11

Rhifo. Counting.

Dwedwch y rhif ar ôl y sain. Repeat the number after the sound.

dim (SFX) dim

un (SFX) un

dau (SFX) dau

tri (SFX) tri

pedwar (SFX) pedwar

pump (SFX) pump

chwech (SFX) chwech

saith (SFX) saith

wyth (SFX) wyth

naw (SFX) naw

deg (SFX) deg

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Ymarfer 8

Listen to the numbers in the audio clip and say which number comes next.

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Transcript: Audio 12

Say the number which comes next, on hearing the sound.

tri

pedwar

dau

tri

naw

deg

chwec

saith

pump

chwech

dim

pedwar

pump

dau

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Ymarfer pellach

Here are some more ideas for number practice:

learn to say your own telephone number in Welsh
whenever you come across numbers during the day, try saying them in Welsh
practise counting down from 10 to 0.

Ymarfer 9

Now for some more practice. Say these sums aloud and answer them in Welsh. When you come across ‘+’, say a (and), and for ‘−’ say tynnu (take away).

(a) 3 + 5 =

(b) 9 − 4 =

(ch) 8 − 5 =

(d) 10 − 1 =

(dd) 3 + 7 =

(e) 4 + 6 − 8 =

Answer

How was your arithmetic? Did your sums go like this?

(a) tri + pump = wyth

(b) naw − pedwar = pump

(ch) wyth − pump = tri

(d) deg − un = naw

(dd) tri + saith = deg

(e) pedwar + chwech − wyth = dau

Ymarfer 10

Look at the days of the week and find out what they are called in Welsh. Then listen to the audio clip and practise saying them.

Download this audio clip.Audio player: Audio 13 >

Audio 13

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Transcript: Audio 13

Dyddiau’r wythnos. The days of the week.

Dwedwch y gair ar ôl clywed y sain. Say the word after hearing the sound.

dydd Sul (SFX) dydd Sul

dydd Llun (SFX) dydd Llun

dydd Mawrth (SFX) dydd Mawrth

dydd Mercher (SFX) dydd Mercher

dydd Iau (SFX) dydd Iau

dydd Gwener (SFX) dydd Gwener

dydd Sadwrn (SFX) dydd Sadwrn

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Now try to say the days of the week in order in Welsh, starting with Sunday. Use the jumbled list below to help you.

Ymarfer 11

Using the audio clip, listen to the prompts and say which day comes next.

Download this audio clip.Audio player: Audio 14 >

Audio 14

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Transcript: Audio 14

Say which day comes next, on hearing the sound.

dydd Mawrth

dydd Mercher

dydd Sul

dydd Llun

dydd Iau

dydd Gwener

dydd Llun

dydd Mawrth

dydd Mercher

dydd Iau

dydd Sadwrn

dydd Sul

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Ymarfer 12

Listen to the dialogue in the audio clip below and fill in the missing words.

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Gwrandewch ar y ddeialog.

Now listen to the dialogue.

Bore da, pwy dych chi?

Siân dw i. Pwy dych chi?

Huw dw i. Sut dych chi, Siân?

Wedi blino. Sut dych chi?

Da iawn. Braf cwrdd â chi. Hwyl.

Hwyl!

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Huw

___da. Pwy dych chi?

Siân

Siân dw i. Pwy dych chi?

Huw

Huw dw i. Sut dych chi, ___ ?

Siân

___. Sut dych chi?

Huw

___. Braf cwrdd â chi. Hwyl!

Siân

___.

Answer

Here is the complete dialogue:

Huw

Bore da. Pwy dych chi?

Siân

Siân dw i. Pwy dych chi?

Huw

Huw dw i. Sut dych chi, Siân?

Siân

Wedi blino. Sut dych chi?

Huw

Da iawn. Braf cwrdd â chi. Hwyl!

Siân

Hwyl!

Ymarfer 13

Finally, test yourself on what you have learned in this session by listening to the English prompts in this audio clip and responding in Welsh.

Download this audio clip.Audio player: Audio 16 >

Audio 16

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Transcript: Audio 16

Ask, “Who are you?” * B. Pwy dych chi?

Say that it’s good to meet you. * B. Braf cwrdd â chi.

Say: Good morning. * B. Bore da.

Say that you’re tired. * B. Wedi blino.

Ask: How are you? * B. Sut dych chi?

Say: Very well, thanks. * B. Da iawn, diolch.

Da iawn. Ceisiwch gyfarch rhywun sy’n siarad Cymraeg drwy ddweud Bore da, neu Sut mae.

Well done. Try to greet someone who speaks Welsh by saying Bore da, or Sut mae.

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3 Sesiwn 3

The Open University — Mon, 05 Jul 2010 23:00:00 GMT

In this session you will learn how to ask for and give basic information.

Ymarfer 14

Read the following exchanges, then listen to the audio clip and repeat what you hear.

Beth yw'ch enw chi?	What's your name?
Huw dw i.	I'm Huw.
Gareth dych chi?	Are you Gareth?
Beth yw'ch rhif ffôn chi?	What's your phone number?

Download this audio clip.Audio player: Audio 17 >

Audio 17

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Dwedwch y geiriau ar ôl clywed y sain.

Say the words after hearing the sound.

Beth yw’ch enw chi? (SFX) Beth yw’ch enw chi?

Huw dw i. (SFX) Huw dw i.

Gareth dych chi? (SFX) Gareth dych chi?

Beth yw’ch rhif ffôn chi? (SFX) Beth yw’ch rhif ffôn chi?

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Ymarfer 15

Listen to the audio clip below. Make a note of the places and telephone numbers you hear, then play the clip again and give the information in Welsh.

Download this audio clip.Audio player: Audio 18 >

Audio 18

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Transcript: Audio 18

Say the corresponding place and telephone number in Welsh.

Aberystwyth 242 112

Aberystwyth, dau, pedwar, dau, un, un, dau

Llangollen 559 123

Llangollen, pump, pump, naw, un, dau, tri

Llanelli 257 257

Llanelli, dau, pump, saith, dau, pump, saith

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	Lle	Rhif
Enghraifft	Caerdydd	567 900
Rhif ffôn 1
Rhif ffôn 2
Rhif ffôn 3

Answer

The answers for this activity are recorded in the audio clip.

Ymarfer 16

Listen to the phrases in the audio clip and repeat them after the sound.

Download this audio clip.Audio player: Audio 19 >

Audio 19

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Transcript: Audio 19

Gwrandewch ar yr ymadroddion, a’u dweud ar ôl y sain.

Listen to these phrases and repeat after the sound.

Ble dych chi’n byw? (SFX) Ble dych chi’n byw?

Dw i’n byw yn Aberystwyth. (SFX) Dw i’n byw yn Aberystwyth.

Dych chi’n byw yn Aberystwyth? (SFX) Dych chi’n byw yn Aberystwyth?

Ydw, dw i’n byw yn Aberystwyth. (SFX) Ydw, dw i’n byw yn Aberystwyth?

Nac ydw, dw i ddim yn byw yn Aberystwyth. (SFX) Nac ydw, dw i ddim yn byw yn Aberystwyth?

O ble dych chi’n dod yn wreiddiol? (SFX) O ble dych chi’n dod yn wreiddiol?

Beth dych chi’n wneud? (SFX) Beth dych chi’n wneud?

Ble dych chi’n gweithio? (SFX) Ble dych chi’n gweithio?

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Ble dych chi'n byw?	Where do you live?
Dw i'n byw yn Aberystwyth.	I live in Aberystwyth.
Dych chi'n byw yn Aberystwyth?	Do you live in Aberystwyth?
Ydw, dw i'n byw yn Aberystwyth.	Yes, I live in Aberystwyth.
Nac ydw, dw i ddim yn byw yn Aberystwyth.	No, I don't live in Aberystwyth.
O ble dych chi'n dod yn wreiddiol?	Where do you come from originally?
Beth dych chi'n wneud?	What do you do?
Ble dych chi'n gweithio?	Where do you work?
If you live near a town rather than in it, you may need to use ar bwys:
Dw i'n byw ar bwys Llanbed.	I live near Lampeter.

Ymarfer 17

Now learn the phrases in Ymarfer 16 and test yourself using the audio clip. Try to ask the questions without looking at the text.

Download this audio clip.Audio player: Audio 20 >

Audio 20

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Transcript: Audio 20

Gofynnwch y cwestiynau hyn. Ask these questions:

Ask, “Where do you live?”

Ble dych chi’n byw?

Ask, “Do you live in Aberystwyth?”

Dych chi’n byw yn Aberystwyth?

Ask, “From where do you come originally?”

O ble dych chi’n dod yn wreiddiol?

Ask, “Where do you work?”

Ble dych chi’n gweithio?

Ask, “What do you do?”

Beth dych chi’n wneud?

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Fill in the gaps in the responses to the questions below.

Dych chi'n byw yn Llanelli?

a) ___, dw i'n byw yn Llanelli.
b) Nac ydw, ___ yn byw yn Llanelli.
c) ___, dw i'n byw yn Abertawe.

Dych chi'n byw ar bwys Wrecsam?

(ch) ___, dw i ddim yn byw ar bwys Wrecsam.

(d) Ydw, ___ ar bwys Wrecsam.

(dd) Nac ydw, ___ ar bwys Rhuthun.

If you were asked O ble dych chi'n dod yn wreiddiol? (Where do you come from originally?) you might answer:

Dw i'n dod o Bontypridd.	I come from Pontypridd.
Dw i'n dod o Loegr.	I come from England.
Dw i'n dod o Gwmbrân.	I come from Cwmbrân.

What do you notice about the Welsh place-names Pontypridd, Lloegr and Cwmbrân in these sentences?

Answer

Here are the complete sentences:

Dych chi'n byw yn Llanelli?

a) Ydw, dw i'n byw yn Llanelli.
b) Nac ydw, dw i ddim yn byw yn Llanelli.
c) Nac ydw, dw i'n byw yn Abertawe.

Dych chi'n byw ar bwys Wrecsam?

(ch) Nac ydw, dw i ddim yn byw ar bwys Wrecsam.

(d) Ydw, dw i'n byw ar bwys Wrecsam.

(dd) Nac ydw, dw i'n byw ar bwys Rhuthun.

You will have noticed that the initial consonant of the Welsh place-names Pontypridd, Lloegr and Cwmbrân have been ‘softened’ to Bontypridd, Loegr and Gwmbrân. This is a regular change in Welsh known as the soft mutation, which is explained in the grammar section at the end of Session 3.

Ymarfer 18

Listen to the audio clip where you are asked to say where you live and where you come from originally. You will be prompted to use the places given in the grid below, and then to give your real details.

Download this audio clip.Audio player: Audio 21 >

Audio 21

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Transcript: Audio 21

Say that you live in Llangollen, and you come from Aberystwyth

Dw i’n byw yn Llangollen, a dw i’n dod o Aberystwyth.

Say that you live in Rhyl, and you come from Pontypridd

Dw i’n byw yn y Rhyl, a dw i’n dod o Bontypridd.

Say that you live in Aberaeron, and you come from England

Dw i’n byw yn Aberaeron a dw i’n dod o Loegr.

Say that you live in Ynys Môn, and you come from Cwmbrân.

Dw i’n byw yn Ynys Môn a dw i’n dod o Gwmbrân.

Say where you actually live and where you actually come from originally.

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	You live in	You come from
1	Llangollen	Aberystwyth
2	Y Rhyl	Pontypridd
3	Aberaeron	England
4	Ynys Môn (Anglesey)	Cwmbrân

Ymarfer 19

If you were asked Beth dych chi'n wneud? (What do you do?) you might use one of the following answers.

Athro dw i.	I'm a teacher. (male)
Athrawes dw i.	I'm a teacher. (female)
Gŵr tŷ dw i/Gwraig tŷ dw i.	I'm a house husband/I'm a housewife.
Dw i wedi ymddeol.	I'm retired.
Dw i'n ddi-waith.	I'm unemployed.
Dw i'n gweithio mewn siop.	I work in a shop.
Dw i'n gweithio yn y banc.	I work in the bank.

Now listen to the audio clip and repeat what you hear.

Download this audio clip.Audio player: Audio 22 >

Audio 22

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Transcript: Audio 22

Dwedwch y geiriau ar ôl clywed y sain. Say the words after the sound.

Athro dw i.

Athrawes dw i.

Gŵr tŷ dw i.

Gwraig tŷ dw i.

Dw i wedi ymddeol.

Dw i’n ddi-waith.

Dw i’n gweithio mewn siop.

Dw i’n gweithio yn y banc.

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Ymarfer pellach

Practise saying these extra phrases:

Mecanic dw i.	I'm a mechanic.
Dw i'n gweithio yn Tesco.	I work in Tesco.
Dw i'n gweithio fel actor.	I work as an actor.
Dw i'n gweithio i M&S.	I work for M&S.

Ymarfer 20

Listen to the dialogue in the audio clip. How do the speakers answer these questions in Welsh?

Download this audio clip.Audio player: Audio 23 >

Audio 23

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Transcript: Audio 23

Now listen to the dialogue:

Wel, helo, sut dych chi?

Da iawn, diolch.

Dych chi’n byw yn Aberhonddu nawr?

Nac ydw. Dw i’n byw yn Llanelli.

Beth dych chi’n wneud nawr?

Dw i’n gweithio yn y banc. A chi?

Dw i wedi ymddeol. A dw i’n dysgu Cymraeg!

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	Geraint	Ffion
Sut dych chi?
Ble dych chi'n byw?
Beth dych chi'n wneud?

Try to pick up the second thing which Geraint says he does – it's a useful thing to know how to say.

Answer

Here is the completed grid:

	Geraint	Ffion
Sut dych chi?		Da iawn
Ble dych chi'n byw?		Yn Llanelli
Beth dych chi'n wneud?	Dw i wedi ymddeol.	Dw i'n gweithio yn y banc.

Geraint added ‘…a dw i'n dysgu Cymraeg’ (‘… and I'm learning Welsh’).

Ymarfer 21

Finally, use the audio clip to practise giving your own personal answers to the questions you have learned. If necessary, go back over some of the activities until you feel confident in using the language you have learned in this session.

Download this audio clip.Audio player: Audio 24 >

Audio 24

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Transcript: Audio 24

Nawr atebwch y cwestiynau hyn. Answer these questions using information about yourself.

Beth yw’ch enw chi?

O ble dych chi’n dod yn wreiddiol?

Ble dych chi’n byw?

Beth dych chi’n wneud?

Ble dych chi’n gweithio?

Beth yw’ch rhif ffôn chi?

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Geirfa

Nouns in Welsh are either masculine or feminine. Sometimes the gender of a word will be obvious from the meaning (e.g. athro, athrawes), but for others (e.g. siop, swyddfa) you need to learn the gender when you learn the word. In the Geirfa sections of Croeso you can assume that nouns are masculine – gwrywaidd – unless they are marked (b) – benywaidd (feminine). Look at your own Welsh dictionary now to check how it indicates the gender of nouns. It will be made clear later on why you need to know a noun's gender.

actor	actor	byw	to live
actores (b)	actress, female	di-waith	unemployed
	actor	dod	to come
ar bwys	near	enw	name
ar hyn o bryd	at the moment	gŵr tŷ	house husband
athrawes (b)	teacher (female)	gwraig tŷ(b)	housewife
athro	teacher (male)	gweithio	to work
banc	bank	mewn	in a
nawr	now	wedi ymddeol	retired
o (+ TM)	from (+ soft mutation)	yn	in + the/in + specific place
rhif ffôn	phone number	yn wreiddiol	originally
siop (b)	shop	ysbyty	hospital
swyddfa (b)	office	ysgol (b)	school

Write down some vocabulary words that are relevant to you.

Gramadeg

a/an

Notice that there is no indefinite article (a/an) in Welsh:

athro	a teacher
siop	a shop

Mewn or yn?

Use mewn when it means ‘in a’:

in a hospital = mewn ysbyty
in a factory = mewn ffatri

Use yn when you refer to somewhere specific:

in the house = yn y tŷ
in Glangwili hospital = yn Ysbyty Glangwili
in the Sony factory = yn ffatri Sony

Mutations – Treigladau

Some consonants at the beginning of words undergo regular changes when in certain positions. The most common of these changes is known as the soft mutation (y treiglad meddal), which affects the initial letters listed in the table on the right. One place where this change occurs is after the word ‘from’. You will still be understood if you forget to use the mutated form, but, particularly when you need to find words in a dictionary, you need to be aware of the changes.

4 Sesiwn 4

The Open University — Mon, 05 Jul 2010 23:00:00 GMT

In this session you will work on asking for and giving basic information about another person.

Ymarfer 22

Read the dialogue below and note down the different ways you can ask who someone is. Notice the differences between ‘his name’ and ‘her name’ in Welsh. Then play the audio clip, listening to the questions and answers and repeating after the pause.

Beth yw ei enw e?	What's his name?
Huw yw e.	He's Huw.
Beth yw ei henw hi?	What's her name?
Carol yw hi.	She's Carol.
Pwy yw e?	Who's he?
Simon yw e.	He's Simon.
Pwy yw hi?	Who's she?
Llinos yw hi.	She's Llinos.
Gareth yw e?	Is he/that Gareth?
Ie*	Yes
Heulwen yw hi?	Is she/that Heulwen?
Nage*	No

* Note that ie and nage are used to answer a question which begins with a name or an occupation.

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Gwrandewch ar y geiriau a’u dweud ar ôl y sain.

Listen to the words and repeat after the sound.

Beth yw ei enw e? (SFX) Beth yw ei enw e?

Huw yw e. (SFX) Huw yw e.

Beth yw ei henw hi? (SFX) Beth yw ei henw hi?

Carol yw hi. (SFX) Carol yw hi.

Pwy yw e? (SFX) Pwy yw e?

Simon yw e (SFX) Simon yw e

Pwy yw hi? (SFX) Pwy yw hi?

Llinos yw hi. (SFX) Llinos yw hi.

Gareth yw e? (SFX) Gareth yw e?

Ie (SFX) Ie

Heulwen yw hi? (SFX) Heulwen yw hi?

Nage (SFX) Nage

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Answer

You should have noted the following:

Beth yw ei enw e?
Beth yw ei henw hi?
Pwy yw e?
Pwy yw hi?
Gareth yw e?
Heulwen yw hi?

Did you notice the difference between ei enw e and ei henw hi?

Ymarfer 23

Now practise asking the questions. Listen to the English prompts in the audio clip and ask the correct questions in Welsh.

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Ask these questions.

Ask: What’s his name?

Beth yw ei enw e?

Ask: What’s her name?

Beth yw ei henw hi?

Ask: Who is he?

Pwy yw e?

Ask: Who is she?

Pwy yw hi?

Ask: Is he Gareth?

Gareth yw e?

Ask: Is she Heulwen?

Heulwen yw hi?

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Ymarfer 24

You now practise asking for a telephone number. Read the following questions and note down the differences between ‘his phone number’ and ‘her phone number’ in Welsh. Then listen to the first three phrases in the audio clip and repeat in the pause.

Beth yw ei rif ffôn e?	What is his phone number?
Beth yw ei rhif ffôn hi?	What is her phone number?
Beth yw rhif ffôn Carol?	What is Carol's phone number?
Beth yw rhif ffôn Edward?	What is Edward's phone number?

Answer

You only need to learn the phrases for now. Further explanation of the added h in ei henw hi and the change from rh to r in ei rif ffôn e can be found in other Welsh grammar reference materials, and will be provided for students registered on the full Croeso course.

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Gwrandewch ar y geiriau a’u dweud ar ôl y sain.

Listen to the words and repeat after the sound.

Beth yw ei rif ffôn e? (SFX) Beth yw ei rif ffôn e?

Beth yw ei rhif ffôn hi? (SFX) Beth yw ei rhif ffôn hi?

Beth yw rhif ffôn Carol? (SFX) Beth yw rhif ffôn Carol?

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Ymarfer 25

Make up suitable questions or answers to complete the grid:

Cwestiynau	Atebion
	John yw e.
	Nage, Mair yw hi.
Beth yw ei rif ffôn e?
Beth yw ei henw hi?

Answer

Your completed grid should include the following:

Pwy yw e?	John yw e.
(any female name) yw hi?	Nage, Mair yw hi.
Beth yw ei rif ffôn e?	(any telephone number)
Beth yw ei henw hi?	(any female name)

Ymarfer 26

Read the following questions and responses, then play the audio clip and practise them.

Ble mae e'n byw?	Where does he live?
Mae e'n byw mewn fflat.	He lives in a flat.
Mae e'n byw ar fferm.	He lives on a farm.
Ble mae hi'n byw?	Where does she live?
Mae hi'n byw yn y wlad.	She lives in the country.
Mae hi'n byw yn y dre.	She lives in town.
O ble mae e'n dod yn wreiddiol?	Where does he come from originally?
Mae e'n dod o Aberdâr yn wreiddiol.	He comes from Aberdare originally.
O ble mae hi'n dod yn wreiddiol?	Where does she come from originally?
Mae hi'n dod yn wreiddiol o'r Rhyl.	She comes from Rhyl originally.

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Gwrandewch ar y geiriau a’u dweud ar ôl y sain.

Listen to the words and repeat after the sound.

Ble mae e’n byw? * Ble mae e’n byw?

Mae e’n byw mewn fflat. * Mae e’n byw mewn fflat.

Mae e’n byw ar fferm. * Mae e’n byw ar fferm.

Ble mae hi’n byw? * Ble mae hi’n byw?

Mae hi’n byw yn y wlad. * Mae hi’n byw yn y wlad.

Mae hi’n byw yn y dre. * Mae hi’n byw yn y dre.

O ble mae e’n dod yn wreiddiol? * O ble mae e’n dod yn wreiddiol?

Mae e’n dod o Aberdâr yn wreiddiol * Mae e’n dod o Aberdâr yn wreiddiol.

O ble mae hi’n dod yn wreiddiol? * O ble mae hi’n dod yn wreiddiol?

Mae hi’n dod yn wreiddiol o’r Rhyl. * Mae hi’n dod yn wreiddiol o’r Rhyl.

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Ymarfer 27

When you are confident that you know the expressions taught in Ymarfer 4.5, use the audio clip to test yourself.

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Answer according to the prompts given.

Say that he lives in town.

Mae e’n byw yn y dre.

Say that she comes from Aberystwyth originally.

Mae hi’n dod o Aberystwyth yn wreiddiol.

Say that he lives in the countryside.

Mae e’n byw yn y wlad.

Say that she lives in a flat.

Mae hi’n byw mewn fflat.

Say that he comes from Pontypridd originally.

Mae e’n dod o Bontypridd yn wreiddiol.

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Ymarfer 28

Read the phrases below, then listen to the audio clip and repeat.

Beth mae e'n wneud?	What does he do?
Mecanic yw e.	He's a mechanic.
Beth mae hi'n wneud?	What does she do?
Meddyg yw hi.	She's a doctor.

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Gwrandewch ar y geiriau a’u dweud ar ôl y sain.

Listen to the words and repeat after the sound.

Beth mae e’n wneud?

Mecanic yw e. (SFX) Mecanic yw e.

Beth mae hi’n wneud? (SFX) Beth mae hi’n wneud?

Meddyg yw hi. (SFX) Meddyg yw hi.

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Ymarfer 29

Read the following and note the different ways of asking questions and responding positively or negatively.

Ydy e'n gweithio?	Does he work?
Ydy, mae e'n gweithio fel garddwr.	Yes, he works as a gardener.
Ydy, mae e'n gweithio gyda phlant.	Yes, he works with children.
Nac ydy, mae e'n ddi-waith.	No, he's unemployed.
Ydy hi'n gweithio?	Does she work?
Ydy, mae hi'n gweithio fel ysgrifenyddes.	Yes, she works as a secretary.
Nac ydy, mae hi wedi ymddeol.	No, she's retired.

Ymarfer 90

Answer the questions based on the information in the following pictures.

(a) Ydy Siôn yn gweithio fel adeiladwr?

(b) Beth mae Catrin yn wneud?

(ch) Nyrs yw Nia?

(d) Plismon yw Hasan?

(dd) Beth mae Pádraig yn wneud?

(e) Ydy Iolo yn gweithio gyda chyfrifiaduron?

(f) Trydanwr yw Dic?

(ff) Ydy Mairead yn gweithio mewn swyddfa?

(g) Ydy Gwynfor wedi ymddeol?

(ng) Beth mae Ceinwen yn wneud?

(h) Ydy Helmut yn gweithio mewn siop?

Answer

Here are the correct answers:

(a) Ydy, mae e'n gweithio fel adeiladwr.

(b) Meddyg yw hi (or Mae hi'n gweithio fel meddyg).

(ch) Nage, athrawes yw hi (or Nage, mae hi'n gweithio fel athrawes).

(d) Ie, plismon yw e.

(dd) Gyrrwr (lori) yw e (or Mae e'n gweithio fel gyrrwr (lori)).

(e) Nac ydy, garddwr yw e (or Mae e'n gweithio fel garddwr).

(f) Nage, ffermwr yw e.

(ff) Ydy, swyddog gweinyddol yw hi (or Mae hi'n gweithio fel swyddog gweinyddol).

(g) Nac ydy, mae e'n gweithio fel trydanwr (or Nac ydy, trydanwr yw e).

(ng) Mecanic yw hi (or Mae hi'n gweithio fel mecanic)

(h) Ydy, siopwr yw e.

Ymarfer 31

Now practise talking about people's occupations. Listen to the prompts in the audio clip and respond in Welsh.

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Answer according to the prompts given.

Say that she’s a doctor.

Meddyg yw hi.

Say that she’s a nurse.

Nyrs yw hi.

Say that he’s a builder.

Adeiladwr yw e.

Say that she’s a teacher.

Athrawes yw hi.

Say that he’s a policeman.

Plismon yw e.

Say that he’s a driver.

Gyrrwr yw e.

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Ymarfer 32

Listen to the dialogue in the audio clip and answer the following questions:

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Now listen to the dialogue:

Dych chi’n nabod Gareth Lloyd?

Gareth Lloyd...? Doctor yw e?

Ie, mae e’n byw ar bwys Pontarddulais.

Ydy e’n gweithio nawr?

Ydy. Mae e’n gweithio mewn ysbyty yn Abertawe.

Ond o ble mae e’n dod yn wreiddiol?

O Gaerdydd, dw i’n meddwl.

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(a) Mecanic yw Gareth Lloyd?

(b) Ble mae e'n byw?

(ch) Ydy e'n dod o Abertawe yn wreiddiol?

Answer

Here are the answers to the questions:

(a) Nage, doctor yw e.

(b) Mae e'n byw ar bwys Pontarddulais.

(ch) Nac ydy, o Gaerdydd mae e'n dod yn wreiddiol.

Geirfa

actor	actor	meddwl	to think
actores (b)	actress	meddyg, doctor	doctor
adeiladwr	builder	nabod	to know
ar fferm	on a farm		(person)
cyfrifiadur/on	computer/s	nyrs	nurse
dyma…	this is…	ond	but
dw i ddim yn	I don't know	plant	children
gwybod	(a fact)	plismon	policeman
fel	as (a)	plismones (b)	policewoman
fferm (b)	farm	siopwr	shopkeeper
ffermwr	farmer	swyddog	administrative
fflat	flat	gweinyddol	officer
gwybod	to know	trydanwr	electrician
	(fact)	tŷ	house
gyda	with	y dre (b)	the town
gyda	with	y wlad (b)	the country/countryside
chyfrifiaduron	computers
gyda fi	with me	ysgrifennydd	secretary
gyda phlant	with children		(male)
gyrru	to drive	ysgrifenyddes (b)	secretary
gyrrwr	driver		(female)
mecanic	mechanic

Gramadeg

Answering ‘Yes/No’

You have already seen that if a question begins with:

Dych chi…? the answer is Ydw/Nac ydw

If a question begins with:

Ydy e/Ydy hi …? the answer is Ydy/Nac ydy

If there is a name or profession at the beginning of the question:

Huw dych chi?

Actor yw e? the answer is Ie/Nage

yn ('n) and wedi

You don't need 'n with wedi:

Dw i wedi ymddeol.

y/yr/‘r

These three forms correspond to ‘the’ in English.

y is used before consonants:

y dre, y siop

yr is used before vowels and ‘h’:

yr ysbyty, yr ysgol, yr adran (department), yr haf (summer)

'r is used after vowels, regardless of what comes afterwards:

Beth yw enw'r dyn? (What's the man's name?)

Mae e'n gyrru'r lori. (He drives the lorry.)

Mae hi'n dod o'r wlad. (She comes from the country.)

ei ‘her’

Notice that if ei meaning ‘her’ comes before a word beginning with a vowel it causes the vowel to be preceded by h:

ei henw hi.

5.1 Sesiwn 2

The Open University — Mon, 05 Jul 2010 23:00:00 GMT

Ymarfer 33

Ysgrifennwch sut byddech chi'n cyfarch pobl ar yr adegau yma o'r dydd:

How you would greet people at these times of the day?:

(a) 3 p.m. ____________

(b) 10 a.m. ____________

(ch) 7 a.m. ____________

(d) 5 p.m. ____________

(dd) 8 p.m. ____________

Answer

Here are the correct answers:

(a) 3 p.m. Prynhawn da

(b) 10 a.m. Bore da

(ch) 7 a.m. Bore da

(d) 5 p.m. Prynhawn da

(dd) 8 p.m. Noswaith dda

Ymarfer 34

Llenwch y bylchau:

Fill in the blanks:

(a) Pwy______chi?

(b) Da______, diolch.

(ch) Gareth ______ i.

(d) Sut ______ chi?

(dd) Braf ______ â chi.

Answer

You should have filled in the blanks as follows:

(a) Pwy dych chi?

(b) Da iawn, diolch.

(ch) Gareth dw i.

(d) Sut dych chi?

(dd) Braf cwrdd â chi.

Ymarfer 35

Cyfieithwch:

Translate:

(a) Good morning ____________

(b) How are you? ____________

(ch) I'm Mr Jones ____________

(d) Nice to meet you ___________

(dd) Fine, thank you ___________

(e) Goodbye! ____________

Answer

Here are the correct translations:

(a) Bore da.

(b) Sut dych chi?

(ch) Mr Jones dw i.

(d) Braf cwrdd â chi.

(dd) Iawn, diolch.

(e) Hwyl Fawr! / Da boch chi!

Ymarfer 36

Ysgrifennwch yr ateb i'r symiau yn Gymraeg:

Write the answer to the sums using Welsh words (not numerals!):

(a) 4 + 5 ____________

(b) 8 – 2 ____________

(ch) 8 – 6 ____________

(d) 5 + 3 ____________

(dd) 4 + 6 ____________

(e)9 + 2 – 11 ____________

Answer

You should have the following answers if your maths is sound:

(a) naw

(b) chwech

(ch) dau

(d) wyth

(dd) deg

(e) dim

Ymarfer 37

Ysgrifennwch ddyddiau'r wythnos yn eu trefn gywir, gan ddechrau gyda dydd Sul:

Write the days of the week in the correct order, starting with Sunday:

Dydd Sadwrn ____________

Dydd Mawrth ____________

Dydd Sul ____________

Dydd Iau ____________

Dydd Mercher ____________

Dydd Gwener ____________

Dydd Llun ____________

Answer

These are the days of the week in order, beginning with Sunday:

Dydd Sul

Dydd Llun

Dydd Mawrth

Dydd Mercher

Dydd Iau

Dydd Gwener

Dydd Sadwrn

5.2 Sesiwn 3

The Open University — Mon, 05 Jul 2010 23:00:00 GMT

Ymarfer 38

Ysgrifennwch y cwestiynau ar gyfer yr atebion hyn:

Write the questions for these answers:

(a) ____________ ?

Meirion Rees dw i.

(b) ____________ ?

Dw i'n byw yn Aberystwyth.

01443 989023

(ch) ____________ ?

Mecanic dw i.

(d) ____________ ?

Dw i'n gweithio yn swyddfa Fred Williams.

(dd) ____________ ?

Dw i'n dod o Dregaron yn wreiddiol.

Answer

Here are the correct questions:

(a) Beth yw'ch enw chi? or Pwy dych chi?

(b) Ble dych chi'n byw?

(ch) Beth dych chi'n wneud?

(d) Ble dych chi'n gweithio?

(dd) O ble dych chi'n dod yn wreiddiol?

Ymarfer 39

Rhowch y geiriau mewn trefn i wneud brawddegau cywir:

Put the words in order to form correct sentences:

(a) yr Wyddgrug? byw Dych yn chi’n

____________

(b) dw Gwraig i tŷ

____________

(ch) wreiddiol? O dych dod yn chi'n ble

____________

(d) siop gweithio i'n mewn Dw

____________

(dd) bwys i'n byw Dw ar Castell-nedd

____________

Answer

These are the correct sentences:

(a) Dych chi'n byw yn yr Wyddgrug?

(b) Gwraig tŷ dw i.

(ch) O ble dych chi'n dod yn wreiddiol?

(d) Dw i'n gweithio mewn siop.

(dd) Dw i'n byw ar bwys Castell-nedd.

Ymarfer 40

Gorffennwch y brawddegau hyn:

Complete these sentences:

(a) Beth ___ 'ch rhif ffôn chi?

(b) Ble ___ chi'n byw?

(ch) Dw i ___ ymddeol.

(d) Dw i'n gweithio ___ siop.

(dd) Dw i'n gweithio ___ Ysbyty Singleton.

Answer

This is what you should have written in the gaps:

(a) Beth yw'ch rhif ffôn chi?

(b) Ble dych chi'n byw?

(ch) Dw i wedi ymddeol.

(d) Dw i'n gweithio mewn siop. (mewnis used when it means 'in a')

(dd) Dw i'n gweithio yn Ysbyty Singleton. (ynis used when it refers to a specific location)

Ymarfer 41

Atebwch y cwestiynau yn ôl y gofyn gyda brawddegau llawn:

Answer the questions according to the prompts – Y =‘positive’, N = ‘negative’. Use complete sentences:

Enghraifft:

Dych chi'n byw yn Abergwaun? (N) Nac ydw, dw i'n byw yn Wdig.

(a) Dych chi'n byw ar bwys y Felinheli? (Y)

____________

(b) Dych chi'n gweithio mewn swyddfa? (Y)

____________

Answer

You should have these answers to questions (a) and (b). The answer to question (c) after Nac ydw is one possibility only.

Ydw, dw i'n byw ar bwys y Felinheli.
Ydw, dw i'n gweithio mewn swyddfa.
Nac ydw, dw i'n gweithio yn Boots.

Ymarfer 42

Ysgrifennwch y geiriau Cymraeg yn y bwlch yn lle'r geiriau Saesneg mewn cromfachau:

Write the Welsh words in the gap instead of the English words in brackets:

(a) Dw i ___ (retired)

(b) Dych chi'n byw ___? (in Llanelli)

(ch) Dw i'n byw ___ (near Dolgellau)

(d) Dych chi'n gweithio ___? (in the bank)

(dd) Dw i'n gweithio ___ (near the hospital)

Answer

These are the complete sentences with the translations of the English words in bold:

(a) Dw i wedi ymddeol.

(b) Dych chi'n byw yn Llanelli?

(ch) Dw i'n byw ar bwys Dolgellau.

(d) Dych chi'n gweithio yn y banc?

(dd) Dw i'n gweithio ar bwys yr ysbyty.

Ymarfer 43

Atebwch y cwestiynau gyda brawddegau llawn:

Answer the questions with complete sentences:

(a) Beth yw'ch enw chi?

____________

(b) Ble dych chi'n byw?

____________

(ch) Beth dych chi'n wneud?

____________

(d) Ble dych chi'n gweithio?

____________

Answer

The answers will obviously vary according to each individual, but compare what you have written with this version to check the structures you used.

(a) Mari Williams dw i.

(b) Dw i'n byw yn Abertawe.

(ch) Actores dw i.

(d) Dw i'n gweithio yn Theatr y Grand.

5.3 Sesiwn 4

The Open University — Mon, 05 Jul 2010 23:00:00 GMT

Ymarfer 44

Llenwch y bylchau yn y sgwrs hon.

Mae Sioned a Gwenda yn edrych ar ffotograff:

Fill the blanks in this conversation.

Sioned and Gwenda are looking at a photograph:

Sioned

Beth ___ ei enw e?

Gwenda

Fe? Colin ___ e. Mae e'n ___ yn y swyddfa.

Sioned

O ble ___ e'n dod?

Gwenda

O Aberystwyth. Ond ___ e'n byw ar bwys Aberaeron nawr.

Sioned

Beth mae e'n ___ yn y swyddfa?

Gwenda

Technegydd (technician) ___ e. Mae e'n gweithio ___ chyfrifiaduron.

Sioned

Pwy ___ hi?

Gwenda

O, Carys ___ hi.

Sioned

Ysgrifenyddes ___ hi?

Gwenda

___ (N), athrawes yw hi.

Sioned

O ble mae hi'n dod yn ___ ?

Gwenda

O Fangor.

Sioned

Ydy hi'n byw yn ___ dre?

Gwenda

___ (Y)

Answer

This is how the blanks should be filled:

Sioned

Beth yw ei enw e?

Gwenda

Fe? Colin yw e. Mae e'n gweithio yn y swyddfa.

Sioned

O ble mae e'n dod?

Gwenda

O Aberystwyth. Ond mae e'n byw ar bwys Aberaeron nawr.

Sioned

Beth mae e'n wneud yn y swyddfa?

Gwenda

Technegydd yw e. Mae e'n gweithio gyda chyfrifiaduron.

Sioned

Pwy yw hi?

Gwenda

O, Carys yw hi.

Sioned

Ysgrifenyddes yw hi?

Gwenda

Nage, athrawes yw hi.

Sioned

O ble mae hi'n dod yn wreiddiol?

Gwenda

O Fangor.

Sioned

Ydy hi'n byw yn y dre?

Gwenda

Ydy

Ymarfer 45

Ysgrifennwch y brawddegau hyn yn Gymraeg:

Write these sentences in Welsh:

(a) He lives in Llanelli.

____________

(b) Where does she live?

____________

(ch) She's a nurse.

____________

(d) What's her name?

____________

(dd) She lives near town.

____________

(e) What's his phone number?

____________

(f) Does he work?

____________

(ff) He works with children.

____________

(g) She works as a teacher.

____________

Answer

These are the sentences correctly translated into Welsh:

(a) Mae e'n byw yn Llanelli.

(b) Ble mae hi'n byw?

(ch) Nyrs yw hi.

(d) Beth yw ei henw hi?

(dd) Mae hi'n byw ar bwys y dre.

(e) Beth yw ei rif ffôn e?

(f) Ydy e'n gweithio?

(ff) Mae e'n gweithio gyda phlant.

(g) Mae hi'n gweithio fel athrawes.

Conclusion

The Open University — Mon, 05 Jul 2010 23:00:00 GMT

This free course provided an introduction to studying languages. It took you through a series of exercises designed to develop your approach to study and learning at a distance, and helped to improve your confidence as an independent learner.

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The Open University — Mon, 05 Jul 2010 23:00:00 GMT

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Acknowledgements

The Open University — Mon, 05 Jul 2010 23:00:00 GMT

This free course is an adapted extract from the course L196 Croeso: beginners' Welsh, which is currently out of presentation.

Except for third party materials and otherwise stated (see terms and conditions), this content is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 Licence

Course image: Geraint Rowland in Flickr made available under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.0 Licence.

Grateful acknowledgement is made to WJEC/CBAC for permission to use extracts adapted for this OpenLearn course from:

Croeso: beginners’ Welsh, an Open University adaptation of the Welsh language courses, Cwrs Mynediad by Elin Meek and Cwrs Sylfaen by Mark Stonelake and Emyr Davies, published by CBAC/WJEC.

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