stimulus–response psychologyAn outlook within psychology which suggested that learning consists in forming relationships between stimuli and responses. |
stress-induced analgesia |
stress reactionThe response of the body to shock caused by damage to tissues and organs, involving the release of stress hormones which increase metabolic rate and initiate repair activities. Often accompanied by fever. |
structural formula |
substrate-level phosphorylationFormation of ATP by addition of a phosphate group from the reaction substrate, to ADP. (Compare with oxidative phosphorylation, which is ATP formation by addition of inorganic phosphate (Pi) to ADP.) |
successive approximationsIn the context of operant conditioning, a process whereby the demand is made more stringent before reward is given. This is a process of shaping. |
sulcusSulci (plural) are folds in the cerebral cortex. They serve as landmarks for identifying brain regions. |
superoxide dismutase (SOD) |
sympathetic nervous systemOne of two divisions of the autonomic nervous system, it is responsible for activation of the body, e.g. sympathetic activity increases heart rate. See also parasympathetic nervous system. |
sympathetic overactivityOveractivity of the part of the nervous system that controls such processes as heart rate, sweating and digestion. A consequence of its overactivity is a higher than normal heart rate. |