(1698–1779) Supporter of Griffith Jones’s circulating schools, especially after his death in 1761; known as ‘Madam Bevan’.

The civil servant whose report on social insurance in 1943 was the blueprint for the post-Second World War welfare state.

Person who works in defiance of a trade union when there is a strike.

The published findings of a Government enquiry into the state of education in Wales in 1846–7, which reported that the Welsh were ignorant, lazy and immoral – and that these poor qualities were due to the use of the Welsh language. The report caused much outrage in Wales, and was referred to as 'y brad y Llyfrau Gleision' (the treachery of the Blue Books).

Founded in 1899 as the central government agency for administering education.

Local organisations responsible for the administration of poor relief. See, for example, Bedwellty Guardians.

The first, 1880–1, occurred when the Boers or Dutch settlers of the Transvaal rebelled against British annexation. The second, 1899–1902, normally called the Boer War, broke out when the Boers invaded Nataal. British forces eventually won, annexing the Orange Free State and the Transvaal.

The seventh of that name, c. 1250–98, Marcher lord of Brecknock.

The name generally applied to the post-1917 Russian communist state, or its party members. Originally applied to the majority group led by Lenin who defeated Martov and Trotsky in a crucial ideological debate in 1903 on the nature of the communist party in Russia.

Part of the organisation of medieval Welsh social and economic life. The lower orders in Welsh society consisted of bondsmen whose position in society was roughly equivalent to that of the villein. Their freedom was restricted and they provided labour services.