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Welsh history and its sources

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Wales glossary

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C

Campbell, Malcolm

On Pendine Sands near Carmarthen, he set a new world land-speed record on 25 September 1924 by reaching 146m.p.h. in his Sunbeam car, ‘Bluebird’.

Campbell-Bannerman, Henry

Liberal MP from 1868. Prime Minister 1905–8. Gave self-government to the colonies in South Africa.

Cantref/cantred

An administrative division in medieval Wales based on a notional ‘hundred townships’.

Captain Swing

Also referred to as the ‘Swing Riots’. These were rick–burning episodes in southern England, from Kent to Dorset, in 1830. They took place at night against a background of increasing agrarian and industrial unrest in grim economic conditions. Suppressed by Home Secretary, Lord Melbourne, with great harshness. Nine were hanged and 1,000 transported.

Caput

Head or top — chief castle of a lordship.

Cardiff City

Cardiff City football club has reached the FA Cup Final three times: in 1925 they lost 1:0 to Sheffield United; in 1927 they beat Arsenal 1:0, becoming the first club to take the FA Cup out of England; and in 2008 they lost 1:0 to Portsmouth.

Cardis

People who came from the former county of Cardiganshire.

Carucate

A unit of land, usually 120 acres.

Catechism

A set of questions and answers on the principal points of the Christian faith, printed as part of the Anglican Book of Common Prayer, with many later versions by Dissenters and others.

Catholics

Term exclusively used in the eighteenth century of the adherents of the Roman Catholic church; otherwise referred to as papists.