Illustrated newspaper founded in 1842, dealing with domestic and international news.

A sum paid as compensation for loss or by one party in a conflict to another to secure peace.

Founded 1893. Wanted eight-hour day and collective ownership of the means of production, distribution and exchange in the national economy. One of the major movements which resulted from and became part of the foundation of the Labour party. Spread quickly in south Wales after 1898.

The Liberal MPs who refused to support the National (in practice Conservative) government after the election of October 1931.

The name given historically to chapels of the Congregationalist denomination and still used for Welsh-language Congregationalist chapels. They were noted for democratic chapel government.

In Roman Catholicism, remission of purgatorial atonement for sin secured by canonical penance.

The process of building on land within town walls.

Literally, engineer.

Those workers who, in partnership with their employers, had paid unemployment insurance contributions under the 1920 Unemployment Insurance Act. Included almost all categories of workers except domestic workers, agricultural labourers and civil servants.

A church decree depriving groups of people or communities of all church services and sacraments. The Pope imposed a full interdict on King John’s England from 1208–14.