Glossary
Browse the glossary using this index
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E |
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empirical diagnosisA diagnosis based on clinical experience, using the visible signs and symptoms experienced by a patient. | |
empiric treatmentAntibiotic therapy administered without a definitive diagnosis and often based on clinical observation and experience. | |
enterobacteriaA family of Gram-negative bacteria, including Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli. | |
enzymesProteins that speed up (catalyse) chemical reactions in living organisms. | |
eukaryotesOne of the two main categories of living things (the other is prokaryotes). Eukaryotic organisms, including humans and animals, have cells containing nuclei and other membranous organelles. | |
evolutionThe process by which all living organisms develop from a common ancestor. A change over time in the inherited characteristics or traits in a population. This change is largely brought about by natural selection. | |
extended spectrum cephalosporins (ESCs)Cephalosporins with greater activity against Gram-negative bacteria than first-generation cephalosporins. | |
extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)An enzyme that destroys a broad spectrum of β-lactam antibiotics, including penicillin and cephalosporins. | |
F |
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faecal–oral transmissionThe route of infection in which pathogens are transmitted directly from hand to mouth or via faecally contaminated food, water or utensils. | |
fomitesObjects in the environment, such as door handles, cups and pens, that are routinely touched and can transmit infections. | |