Skip to content
Skip to main content

About this free course

Author

Download this course

Share this free course

Learning from sport burnout and overtraining
Learning from sport burnout and overtraining

Start this free course now. Just create an account and sign in. Enrol and complete the course for a free statement of participation or digital badge if available.

References

(Barker, 2018)
(Raedeke and Smith, 2001)
Barker E. in Friday Sports Panel (2018) BBC Radio 5 Live, 5 January [Online]. Available at https://www.bbc.co.uk/ programmes/ p05syjfc [Tip: hold Ctrl and click a link to open it in a new tab. (Hide tip)] (Accessed 7 January 2019).
Coakley, J. (1992) ‘Burnout among adolescent athletes: A personal failure or social problem?’, Sociology of Sport Journal, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 271–85.
Cresswell, S. L., and Eklund, R. C. (2005) ‘Motivation and burnout among top amateur rugby players’, Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 469–77.
Deci, E. and Ryan, R. M. (1985) Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior, Springer Science & Business Media.
DeFreese, J., Raedeke, T. and Smith, A. (2015) ‘Athlete burnout: an individual and organizational phenomenon’, in Williams, J. and Krane, V. (eds.) Applied sport psychology: Personal growth to peak performance, 7th edn, New York, McGraw Hill, pp. 44461.
Eklund, R. C. and DeFreese, J. D. (2017) ‘Burnout in sport and performance’,Oxford Research Encyclopaedia [Online]. Available at http://oxfordre.com/ psychology/ view/ 10.1093/ acrefore/ 9780190236557.001.0001/ acrefore-9780190236557-e-165#acrefore-9780190236557-e-165-bibItem-0030 (Accessed 7 January 2019).
Goodger, K. I., and Jones, M. I. (2012) ‘Burnout: A darker side to performance’ in Murphy, S. (ed) The Oxford Handbook of Sport and Performance Psychology, Oxford University Press, pp. 56280.
Gould, D., Udry, E., Tuffey, S., and Loehr, J. (1997) ‘Burnout in competitive junior tennis players: III. Individual differences in the burnout experience’, The Sport Psychologist, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 25776.
Gustafsson, H., Madigan, D. and Lundkvist, E. (2017) ‘Burnout in Athletes’ in Fuchs, R. and Gerber, M. (eds) Handbook of Stress Regulation and Sport, Springer Reference Psychologie, Berlin, Springer, pp. 121.
Kellmann, M. (2002) ‘Underrecovery and overtraining: Different concepts–similar impact’, Enhancing recovery: Preventing underperformance in athletes, pp. 3–24, Champaign IL, Human Kinetics.
Raedeke, T. D., and Smith, A. L. (2001) ‘Development and preliminary validation of an athlete burnout measure’, Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 281306.
Smith, R. E. (1986) ‘Toward a cognitive–affective model of athletic burnout’, Journal of Sport Psychology, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 36–50.
Brewer, B., Van Raalte, J. and Linder, D. (1993) ‘Athletic identity: Hercules' muscles or Achilles heel?’, International Journal of Sport Psychology, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 237–54.
DeFreese, J., Raedeke, T. and Smith, A. (2015) ‘Athlete burnout: an individual and organizational phenomenon’, in Williams, J. and Krane, V. (eds) Applied sport psychology: Personal growth to peak performance, 7th edn, New York, McGraw Hill, pp. 444–61.
Gambetta, V. (2007) Athletic development: The art & science of functional sports conditioning. Champaign: Human Kinetics.
Gustafsson, H., Martinent, G., Isoard-Gautheur, S., Hassmén, P., and Guillet-Descas, E. (2018) ‘Performance based self-esteem and athlete-identity in athlete burnout: A person-centered approach’, Psychology of Sport and Exercise, vol. 38, pp. 56–60.
Gustafsson, H., Hassmén, P., Kenttä, G. and Johansson, M. (2008) ‘A qualitative analysis of burnout in elite Swedish athletes’, Psychology of Sport and Exercise, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 800–16.
Kellmann, M. (2002) ‘Underrecovery and overtraining: Different concepts-similar impact’, Enhancing recovery: Preventing underperformance in athletes, Champaign, Human Kinetics, pp. 3–24.
Kellmann, M. (2010) ‘Preventing overtraining in athletes in high‐intensity sports and stress/recovery monitoring’, Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, vol. 20, pp. 95–102.
Kreher, J. B. (2016) ‘Diagnosis and prevention of overtraining syndrome: an opinion on education strategies’, Open access Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 7, pp. 115–22.
Magness, S. (2017) ‘Tips to prevent burnout, regardless of field’, Peak Performance newsletter summary [Online]. Available athttps://twitter.com/ stevemagness/ status/ 827141657820794880 (Accessed 7 January 2019).
Martin, L., Fogarty, G. and Albion, M. (2014) ‘Changes in athletic identity and life satisfaction of elite athletes as a function of retirement status’, Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 96–110.
Vallerand, R. J., Blanchard, C., Mageau, G. A., Koestner, R., Ratelle, C., Léonard, M. and Marsolais, J. (2003) ‘Les passions de l'ame: on obsessive and harmonious passion’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 85, no. 4, p. 756.
English Institute of Sport (2017) Case study: The Performance Data Management System (PDMS): An information-driven approach to athlete health. Available at https://www.eis2win.co.uk/ resources/ case-study-personal-data-management-system-pdms-information-driven-approach-athlete-health/ (Accessed 7 January 2019).
Gambetta, V. (2015) ‘Less is More’, Elite Track Sports Training and Conditioning,1 September [Blog]. Available at https://elitetrack.com/ less-is-more/ (Accessed 7 January 2019).
Grey-Thompson, T. (2017) ‘Duty of Care Report to UK Government’, Department of Digital, Culture, Media and Sport, 21 April. Available at https://www.gov.uk/ government/ publications/ duty-of-care-in-sport-review (Accessed 7 January 2019).
Gustafsson, H., Hassmén, P., Kenttä, G. and Johansson, M. (2008) ‘A qualitative analysis of burnout in elite Swedish athletes’, Psychology of Sport and Exercise, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 800–16.
Meeusen, R., Duclos, M., Foster, C., Fry, A., Gleeson, M., Nieman, D., Raglin, J., Rietjens, G., Steinacker, J and Urhausen, A. (2013) ‘Prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of the overtraining syndrome: joint consensus statement of the European College of Sport Science and the American College of Sports Medicine’, Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 186–205.
National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine (NCSEM) (2017) Eating disorders and disordered eating in sport An introduction for coaches and sports professionals [Online]. Available at http://www.ncsem-em.org.uk/ wp-content/ uploads/ 2017/ 05/ FINAL-web-pdf-Eating-disorders-brochure.pdf (Accessed 7 January 2019).
Pfaff, D. in 5Live Track and Field US 'Super Coaches' (2012)BBC Radio 5 Live, 18 December [Online]. Available at https://www.bbc.co.uk/ programmes/ p02t2v6b(Accessed 7 January 2019).
Raedeke, T. D., and Smith, A. L. (2001) ‘Development and preliminary validation of an athlete burnout measure’, Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 281–306.
Wellington, C. (2012) A Life Without Limits: A World Champion's Journey, New York, Hachette.
Ames, C. (1992) ‘Achievement goals and the classroom motivational climate’, in Schunk, D. H and Meece, J. L. (eds) Student perceptions in the classroom, Hillsdale, NJ, Lawrence Erlbaum, pp. 327–48.
Amorose, A. and Anderson-Butcher, D. (2007) ‘Autonomy-supportive coaching and self-determined motivation in high school and college athletes: A test of self-determination theory’, Psychology of Sport and Exercise, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 654–70.
Anthony, J., (2017) ‘Manipulating the paradox of perfectionism: promoting healthy perfectionism in sport’, BelievePerform, Wellbeing [Online]. Available at https://believeperform.com/ wellbeing/ manipulating-the-paradox-of-perfectionism-promoting-healthy-perfectionism-in-sport/(Accessed 7 January 2019).
Coakley, J. (1992) ‘Burnout among adolescent athletes: A personal failure or social problem?’, Sociology of Sport Journal, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 271–85.
Cresswell, S. L., and Eklund, R. C. (2005) ‘Motivation and burnout among top amateur rugby players’, Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 469–77.
Deci, E. and Ryan, R. M. (1985) Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior, Springer Science & Business Media.
Hall, H., Jowett, G., and Hill, A. (2014) ‘Perfectionism: The Role of Personality in Shaping an Athlete's Sporting Experience’, in Papaioannou, A. and Hackfort, D. (eds) Routledge Companion to Sport and Exercise Psychology: Global Perspectives and Fundamental Concepts, Abingdon, Routledge.
Hill, A. P., Witcher, C. S., Gotwals, J. K., and Leyland, A. F. (2015) ‘A qualitative study of perfectionism among self-identified perfectionists in sport and the performing arts’, Sport, Exercise and Performance Psychology, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 237.
Oakley, B. (2014) What shapes a sporting champion? London, Bloomsbury.
Ntoumanis, N. and Biddle, S. (1999) ‘A review of motivational climate in physical activity’, Journal of Sports Sciences, vol. 17, no. 8, pp. 643–65.
Pines, A. (1993) ‘Burnout: An existential perspective’, in Schaufeli, W., Maslach, C., and Marek, T., (eds) Professional burnout: Research developments in theory and research, Washington DC, Taylor and Francis, pp. 33–51.
Reinboth, M. and Duda, J. (2004) ‘The motivational climate, perceived ability, and athletes’ psychological and physical well-being’, The Sport Psychologist, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 237–51.
Reinboth, M., and Duda, J. (2006) ‘Perceived motivational climate, need satisfaction and indices of well-being in team sports: A longitudinal perspective’, Psychology of sport and exercise, vol. 7, no.3, pp. 269–286.
Sage, G. H. (1977) Introduction to motor behavior: A neuropsychological approach, Reading, MA, Addison-Wesley, vol. 2.
Stoeber, J. and Stoeber, F. S. (2009) ‘Domains of perfectionism: Prevalence and relationships with perfectionism, gender, age, and satisfaction with life’, Personality and Individual Differences, vol. 46, pp. 530–5.
Hochshild, A. (1983) The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human Feeling, University of California Press, Berkeley.
Larner, R., Wagstaff, C., Thelwell, R. and Corbett, J. (2017) ‘A multistudy examination of organizational stressors, emotional labor, burnout, and turnover in sport organizations’, Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, vol. 27, no. 12, pp. 2103–15.
McNeill, K., Durand-Bush, N. and Lemyre, P. (2017) ‘Understanding coach burnout and underlying emotions: a narrative approach’, Sports Coaching Review, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 179–96.
Richards, J. and Gross, J. (2000) ‘Emotion regulation and memory: the cognitive costs of keeping one's cool’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 79, no. 3, p. 410.
Ames, C. (1992) ‘Achievement goals and the classroom motivational climate’, in Schunk, D. H and Meece, J. L. (eds) Student perceptions in the classroom, Hillsdale, NJ, Lawrence Erlbaum, pp. 327–48.
Bergeron, M. F., Mountjoy, M., Armstrong, N., Chia, M., Côté, J., Emery, C. A., Faigenbaum, A., Hall, G., Kriemler, S., Léglise, M. and Malina, R. M. (2015) ‘International Olympic Committee consensus statement on youth athletic development’, Br J Sports Med, vol. 49, no. 13, pp. 843–51.
Bosquet L, Merkari S, Arvisais D and Aubert A. (2008) ‘Is heart rate a convenient tool to monitor over-reaching? A systematic review of the literature’, Br J Sports Med, vol. 42, pp. 709–14.
Coakley, J. (1992) ‘Burnout among adolescent athletes: A personal failure or social problem?’, Sociology of Sport Journal, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 271–85.
DeFreese, J., Raedeke, T. and Smith, A. (2015) ‘Athlete burnout: an individual and organizational phenomenon’, in Williams, J. and Krane, V. (eds.) Applied sport psychology: Personal growth to peak performance, 7th edn, New York, McGraw Hill, pp. 44461.
DiFiori, J., Benjamin, H., Brenner, J., Gregory, A., Jayanthi, N., Landry, G. and Luke, A. (2014) ‘Overuse injuries and burnout in youth sports: a position statement from the American Medical Society for Sports Medicine’, Br J Sports Med, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 287–8.
González, L., García-Merita, M., Castillo, I. and Balaguer, I. (2015) ‘Young athletes' perceptions of coach behaviors and their implications on their well-and ill-being over time’, The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 1147–54.
Gustafsson, H., Hill, A., Stenling, A. and Wagnsson, S. (2016) ‘Profiles of perfectionism, parental climate, and burnout among competitive junior athletes’, Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, vol. 26, no. 10, pp. 1256–64.
Harwood, C. and Knight, C. (2009) ‘Stress in youth sport: A developmental investigation of tennis parents’, Psychology of Sport and Exercise, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 447–56.
Isoard-Gautheur, S., Guillet-Descas, E. and Lemyre, P. (2012) ‘A prospective study of the influence of perceived coaching style on burnout propensity in high level young athletes: Using a self-determination theory perspective’, The Sport Psychologist, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 282–98.
Lemyre, P., Hall, H. and Roberts, G. (2008) ‘A social cognitive approach to burnout in elite athletes’, Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 221–34.
Meeusen, R. and De Pauw, K. (2013) Recovery for performance in sport, Champaign, IL, Human Kinetics.
Ntoumanis, N. and Biddle, S. J. (1999) ‘A review of motivational climate in physical activity’, Journal of sports sciences, vol. 17, no. 8, pp. 643–65.
Reinboth, M., Duda, J. and Ntoumanis, N. (2004) ‘Dimensions of coaching behavior, need satisfaction, and the psychological and physical welfare of young athletes’, Motivation and Emotion, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 297–313.
Arvinen-Barrow, M. and Pack, S. (2013) ‘Social support in sport injury rehabilitation’, The Psychology of Sport Injury and Rehabilitation, pp. 11731.
Arvinen-Barrow, M. and Hemmings, B. (2013) ‘Goal setting in sport injury rehabilitation’, Psychology of Sport Injury and Rehabilitation, Abingdon, UK, Routledge, pp. 56–70.
Bergland, C. (2018) ‘Self-Compassion Counterbalances Maladaptive Perfectionism’, Psychology Today [Online]. Available at https://www.psychologytoday.com/ gb/ blog/ the-athletes-way/ 201802/ self-compassion-counterbalances-maladaptive-perfectionism (Accessed 7 January 2019).
Cresswell, S. (2009) ‘Possible early signs of athlete burnout: A prospective study’, Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 393–8.
Cutrona, C. E. and Russell, D. W. (1987) ‘The provisions of social relationships and adaptation to stress’, Advances in Personal Relationships, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 37–67.
DeFreese, J., Raedeke, T. and Smith, A. (2015) ‘Athlete burnout: an individual and organizational phenomenon’, in Williams, J. and Krane, V. (eds.) Applied sport psychology: Personal growth to peak performance, 7th edn, New York, McGraw Hill, pp. 44461.
DeFreese, J. and Smith, A. (2013) ‘Teammate social support, burnout, and self-determined motivation in collegiate athletes’, Psychology of Sport and Exercise, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 258–65.
Goodger, K. I., and Jones, M. I. (2012) ‘Burnout: A darker side to performance’ in Murphy, S. (ed) The Oxford Handbook of Sport and Performance Psychology, Oxford University Press, pp. 56280.
Isoard-Gautheur, S., Guillet-Descas, E. and Duda, J. L. (2013) ‘How to achieve in elite training centers without burning out? An achievement goal theory perspective’, Psychology of Sport and Exercise, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 72–83.
Jordan, M. (n.d.) ForbesQuotes, Thoughts so the business of life [Online]. Available at https://www.forbes.com/ quotes/ 11194/(Accessed 7 January 2019).
Kowalksi, K. and Ferguson, L. (2018) ‘The agony of defeat: How Olympians can deal with failure’, The Conversation [Online]. Available at https://theconversation.com/ the-agony-of-defeat-how-olympians-can-deal-with-failure-90810(Accessed 7 January 2019).
Mosewich, A., Crocker, P., Kowalski, K. and DeLongis, A. (2013) ‘Applying self-compassion in sport: An intervention with women athletes’, Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, vol. 35, no. 5, pp. 514–24.
Neff. K. (2019) Self Compassion: Self Compassion Exercises [Online]. Available at https://self-compassion.org/ category/ exercises/ #guided-meditations(Accessed 7 January 2019).
Nelson, L., Cushion, C., Potrac, P. and Groom, R. (2014) ‘Carl Rogers, learning and educational practice: Critical considerations and applications in sports coaching’, Sport, Education and Society, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 513–31.
Rogers, C. R. (1957) ‘The necessary and sufficient conditions of therapeutic personality change’, Journal of Consulting Psychology, vol. 21, no. 2, p. 95.
Smith, A., Ntoumanis, N. and Duda, J. (2007) ‘Goal striving, goal attainment, and well-being: Adapting and testing the self-concordance model in sport’, Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, vol. 29, no. 6, pp. 763–82.
Stoeber, J., Uphill, M. A. and Hotham, S. (2009) ‘Predicting race performance in triathlon: The role of perfectionism, achievement goals, and personal goal setting’, Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 211–45.
University of Michigan (2018) Athletes Connected: Student Athletes (Skills and Strategies) [Online]. Available at https://athletesconnected.umich.edu/ for-student-athletes/ skills-strategies/(Accessed 7 January 2019).
Britton, D. (2014) ‘Burnout in professional sport, Jonathan Trott: Burnout, Sky Sports 1’, The Psychologist, British Psychological Society, vol. 27, no. 5 [Online].  Available at https://thepsychologist.bps.org.uk/ volume-27/ edition-5/ horizon-living-autism (Accessed 7 January 2019). 
DeFreese, J. D., Raedeke, T. D. and Smith, A. L. (2015) ‘Athlete burnout: an individual and organizational phenomenon’ in Williams, J. and Krane, V. (eds) Applied sport psychology: Personal growth to peak performance, 7thedn, New York, McGraw Hill, pp. 44461.
Engen (2017) cited in Gustafsson, H., Madigan, D. and Lundkvist, E. (2017) ‘Burnout in Athletes’ in Fuchs, R. and Gerber, M. (eds) Handbook of Stress Regulation and Sport. Springer Reference Psychologie, Berlin, Springer, pp. 121.
Freudenberger, H. J. (1983) ‘Burnout: Contemporary issues, trends, and concerns.’, Stress and burnout in the human service professions, New York, Pergamon, pp. 238.
Goodger, K. I., and Jones, M. I. (2012) ‘Burnout: A darker side to performance’ in Murphy, S. (ed) The Oxford Handbook of Sport and Performance Psychology, Oxford University Press, pp. 56280.
Gould, D., Udry, E., Tuffey, S., and Loehr, J. (1997) ‘Burnout in competitive junior tennis players: III. Individual differences in the burnout experience’, The Sport Psychologist, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 25776.
Raedeke, T. D., and Smith, A. L. (2001) ‘Development and preliminary validation of an athlete burnout measure’, Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 281306.
Rock, B. in Sarner, M. (2018) ‘How burnout became a sinister and insidious epidemic’, The Guardian 21 February [Online]. Available at www.theguardian.com/ society/ 2018/ feb/ 21/ how-burnout-became-a-sinister-and-insidious-epidemic (Accessed 7 January 2019).
Shirom, A. (2005) ‘Reflections on the study of burnout’, Work & Stress, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 26370.