{\rtf1\adeflang1025\ansi\ansicpg1252\uc1\adeff31507\deff0\stshfdbch31506\stshfloch31506\stshfhich31506\stshfbi31507\deflang2057\deflangfe2057\themelang2057\themelangfe0\themelangcs0{\fonttbl{\f0\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\f34\fbidi \froman\fcharset1\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria Math;}
{\f36\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria;}{\flomajor\f31500\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}
{\fdbmajor\f31501\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\fhimajor\f31502\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}
{\fbimajor\f31503\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\flominor\f31504\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}
{\fdbminor\f31505\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\fhiminor\f31506\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria;}
{\fbiminor\f31507\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\f40\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\f41\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\f43\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\f44\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\f45\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\f46\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\f47\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\f48\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\f400\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria CE;}{\f401\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Cyr;}
{\f403\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Greek;}{\f404\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Tur;}{\f407\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Baltic;}{\f408\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria (Vietnamese);}
{\flomajor\f31508\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\flomajor\f31509\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\flomajor\f31511\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}
{\flomajor\f31512\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\flomajor\f31513\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\flomajor\f31514\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\flomajor\f31515\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\flomajor\f31516\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fdbmajor\f31518\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\fdbmajor\f31519\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fdbmajor\f31521\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fdbmajor\f31522\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}
{\fdbmajor\f31523\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fdbmajor\f31524\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fdbmajor\f31525\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
{\fdbmajor\f31526\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fhimajor\f31528\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}{\fhimajor\f31529\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}
{\fhimajor\f31531\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\fhimajor\f31532\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}{\fhimajor\f31535\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}
{\fhimajor\f31536\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\fbimajor\f31538\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fbimajor\f31539\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\fbimajor\f31541\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fbimajor\f31542\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fbimajor\f31543\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\fbimajor\f31544\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fbimajor\f31545\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fbimajor\f31546\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}
{\flominor\f31548\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\flominor\f31549\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\flominor\f31551\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}
{\flominor\f31552\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\flominor\f31553\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\flominor\f31554\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\flominor\f31555\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\flominor\f31556\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fdbminor\f31558\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\fdbminor\f31559\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fdbminor\f31561\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fdbminor\f31562\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}
{\fdbminor\f31563\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fdbminor\f31564\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fdbminor\f31565\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
{\fdbminor\f31566\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fhiminor\f31568\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria CE;}{\fhiminor\f31569\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Cyr;}
{\fhiminor\f31571\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Greek;}{\fhiminor\f31572\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Tur;}{\fhiminor\f31575\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Baltic;}
{\fhiminor\f31576\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria (Vietnamese);}{\fbiminor\f31578\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fbiminor\f31579\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\fbiminor\f31581\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fbiminor\f31582\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fbiminor\f31583\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\fbiminor\f31584\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fbiminor\f31585\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fbiminor\f31586\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}}
{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255;\red0\green255\blue0;\red255\green0\blue255;\red255\green0\blue0;\red255\green255\blue0;\red255\green255\blue255;\red0\green0\blue128;\red0\green128\blue128;\red0\green128\blue0;
\red128\green0\blue128;\red128\green0\blue0;\red128\green128\blue0;\red128\green128\blue128;\red192\green192\blue192;\ctextone\ctint255\cshade255\red0\green0\blue0;}{\*\defchp \f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033 }{\*\defpap 
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 }\noqfpromote {\stylesheet{\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 \snext0 \sqformat \spriority0 \styrsid14886031 Normal;}{\*\cs10 \additive \ssemihidden \sunhideused \spriority1 Default Paragraph Font;}{\*
\ts11\tsrowd\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblind0\tblindtype3\tsvertalt\tsbrdrt\tsbrdrl\tsbrdrb\tsbrdrr\tsbrdrdgl\tsbrdrdgr\tsbrdrh\tsbrdrv 
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \snext11 \ssemihidden \sunhideused Normal Table;}{\*
\ts15\tsrowd\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblind0\tblindtype3\tsvertalt\tsbrdrt\tsbrdrl\tsbrdrb\tsbrdrr\tsbrdrdgl\tsbrdrdgr\tsbrdrh\tsbrdrv 
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon11 \snext15 \spriority59 \styrsid14886031 
Table Grid;}}{\*\rsidtbl \rsid204323\rsid1924392\rsid1998830\rsid2781732\rsid3503628\rsid3815815\rsid3891632\rsid4215240\rsid4811500\rsid5124437\rsid5460440\rsid5855038\rsid6429728\rsid7223140\rsid7755140\rsid7802835\rsid8130460\rsid8921735\rsid8986100
\rsid9991378\rsid10230174\rsid11213529\rsid12009013\rsid12746084\rsid13920859\rsid14103877\rsid14293380\rsid14886031\rsid14966371\rsid15818833\rsid16196625}{\mmathPr\mmathFont34\mbrkBin0\mbrkBinSub0\msmallFrac0\mdispDef0\mlMargin0\mrMargin0\mdefJc1
\mwrapRight1\mintLim0\mnaryLim0}{\info{\author Jessica Watson}{\operator  }{\creatim\yr2012\mo3\dy7\hr11\min47}{\revtim\yr2012\mo3\dy7\hr11\min47}{\version2}{\edmins0}{\nofpages10}{\nofwords2597}{\nofchars14803}{\*\company University of Durham}
{\nofcharsws17366}{\vern49255}{\*\saveprevpict}}{\*\xmlnstbl {\xmlns1 http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2003/wordml}}\paperw16834\paperh11904\margl1440\margr1440\margt1800\margb1800\gutter0\ltrsect 
\widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\trackmoves0\trackformatting1\donotembedsysfont0\relyonvml0\donotembedlingdata0\grfdocevents0\validatexml1\showplaceholdtext0\ignoremixedcontent0\saveinvalidxml0\showxmlerrors1\noxlattoyen
\expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\formshade\horzdoc\dgmargin\dghspace360\dgvspace360\dghorigin1440\dgvorigin1800\dghshow0\dgvshow0
\jexpand\viewkind1\viewscale106\viewzk2\pgbrdrhead\pgbrdrfoot\splytwnine\ftnlytwnine\htmautsp\nolnhtadjtbl\useltbaln\alntblind\lytcalctblwd\lyttblrtgr\lnbrkrule\nobrkwrptbl\snaptogridincell\allowfieldendsel
\wrppunct\asianbrkrule\rsidroot14886031\newtblstyruls\nogrowautofit\usenormstyforlist\noindnmbrts\felnbrelev\nocxsptable\indrlsweleven\afelev\utinl\hwelev\notvatxbx \nouicompat \fet0{\*\wgrffmtfilter 2450}\nofeaturethrottle1\ilfomacatclnup0\ltrpar 
\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14886031\sftnbj {\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3
\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}
{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14886031 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid8130460 WWP m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6429728 ultiple cause}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14886031  diagram}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14886031\charrsid11434279  animated tutorial}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14886031 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14886031\charrsid11353773 This }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6429728 multiple cause}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14886031  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14886031\charrsid11353773 diagram contains }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14886031 text}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8130460 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14886031  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8130460 arrows }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14886031 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8130460 shapes, including }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14886031 circles}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14886031\charrsid11353773 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14886031  In this description the term \'93label\'94 refers to text in the diagram, and the term \'93phrase\'94 refers to text in the audio description or transcript. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6429728 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14886031 
\par \ltrrow}\trowd \irow0\irowband0\ltrrow\ts15\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkborder\tbllkshading\tbllkfont\tbllkcolor\tbllkbestfit\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1384\clshdrawnil \cellx1276\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6095\clshdrawnil \cellx7371\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6379\clshdrawnil \cellx13750\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid4811500 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14886031\charrsid11434279 Page\cell Transcript\cell Description\cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14886031\charrsid11434279 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\ltrrow\ts15\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkborder\tbllkshading\tbllkfont\tbllkcolor\tbllkbestfit\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1384\clshdrawnil \cellx1276\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6095\clshdrawnil \cellx7371\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6379\clshdrawnil \cellx13750\row \ltrrow}\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid4811500 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14886031 Page 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14886031\charrsid1861186 \cell }\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid6429728 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6429728 The WWP summary suggests many factors or events which might act as start
ing points for tracing paths of causality and consequence. Examples include the spread of invasive species to South Africa, water conflicts, ecosystem degeneration, and post-apartheid policy on natural resources. You can probably think of others. Each exa
mple would provide a very rich and interesting source for exploration, but I\rquote d need more information in order to generate meaningful multiple cause diagrams.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid4811500 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14886031 \cell }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4811500 
Four rectangular shapes appear on the page.
\par Inside each of these four shapes is a central label, with arrows pointing to and from other points, represented by question marks. 
\par The labels are: \'93spread of invasive species\'94, \'93water conflicts\'94, \'93ecosystem degeneration\'94 and \'93post-apartheid policy on natural resources\'94. These are highlighted when they are mentioned in the audio description.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14886031 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14886031 \trowd \irow1\irowband1\ltrrow\ts15\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkborder\tbllkshading\tbllkfont\tbllkcolor\tbllkbestfit\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1384\clshdrawnil \cellx1276\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6095\clshdrawnil \cellx7371\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6379\clshdrawnil \cellx13750\row \ltrrow}\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid4811500 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14886031\charrsid11434279 Page 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14886031\charrsid6375580 \cell }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6429728 You also need to be cautious in assigning factors as being causal rather than simply influential. Claims of causality often require more information or evidence. This is why influence diagramming is often considered as providing \lquote 
safer ground\rquote  for mapping. In developing the multiple cause diagram we\rquote ll explore the causes and consequences associated with the implementation of the WWP. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14886031 \cell }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4811500 The page goes blank. 
\par The label \'93Working for Water Programme (WWP)\'94 appears, with two arrows pointing from it to the labels \'93introduction of water charges\'94 and \'93water policy\'94.
\par Over this, the label \'93Influence diagram or Casual diagram\'94 appears. At the phrase \'93This is why influence diagramming is often considered\'85\'94, a tick symbol appears next to \'93Influence diagram\'94 and a question mark appears next to \'93
Causal diagram\'94. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14886031 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14886031 \trowd \irow2\irowband2\ltrrow\ts15\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkborder\tbllkshading\tbllkfont\tbllkcolor\tbllkbestfit\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1384\clshdrawnil \cellx1276\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6095\clshdrawnil \cellx7371\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6379\clshdrawnil \cellx13750\row \ltrrow}\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid4811500 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14886031\charrsid11434279 Page 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14886031\charrsid6375580 \cell }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6429728 The first task is to identify the immediate causes for the implementation of the programme. These appear to relate to economic, social, political and ecological drivers associated with post-apartheid South Africa.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14886031 \cell }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4811500 The page goes blank.
\par The central label \'93Implementation of Working for Work Programme (WWP)\'94 appears. A number of labels with arrows pointing to the central label appear: \'93pressure from environmentalists\'94, \'93inability to provide quality water for all\'94, \'93
impoverished black South Africans\'94, \'93high rural black unemployment\'94, \'93post-apartheid demand for stakeholder participation\'94 and \'93availability of government resources\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14886031 \cell 
}\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14886031 \trowd \irow3\irowband3\ltrrow\ts15\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkborder\tbllkshading\tbllkfont\tbllkcolor\tbllkbestfit\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1384\clshdrawnil \cellx1276\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6095\clshdrawnil \cellx7371\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6379\clshdrawnil \cellx13750\row \ltrrow}\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid4811500 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14886031\charrsid11434279 Page 4\cell }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6429728 It\rquote s then possible to trace back
 further causal factors associated with each of the immediate causes. The spread of invasive species seems to be particularly important and so I\rquote 
ve encircled it. Another key factor for the WWP is the availability of government resources to support the programme.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14886031 \cell }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4811500 
A number of additional labels and arrows appear.
\par Pointing at \'93impoverished black South Africans\'94 is the label \'93apartheid governance \rquote 48-\lquote 94\'94. 
\par Pointing at \'93availability of government resources\'94 is an arrow from the label \'93development of rural economy\'94.
\par Pointing at \'93inability to provide quality water for all\'94 is an arrow from the label \'93poor water quantity and availability\'94. Pointing at \'93poor water quantity and availability\'94 and the label \'93reduced bioversity\'94
 are arrows from the label \'93ecosystem degeneration\'94. Pointing at \'93ecosystem degeneration\'94 is an arrow from the label \'93spread of invasive species\'94. Pointing at \'93spread of invasive species\'94 is an arrow from the label \'93
failure of conventional sector-based agricultural development\'94.
\par At the phrase \'93the spread of invasive species\'94 a circle appears around that label.
\par At the phrase \'93Another key factors for the WWP\'94 a circle appears around \'93availability of government resources\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14886031 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14886031 
\trowd \irow4\irowband4\ltrrow\ts15\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkborder\tbllkshading\tbllkfont\tbllkcolor\tbllkbestfit\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1384\clshdrawnil \cellx1276\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6095\clshdrawnil \cellx7371\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6379\clshdrawnil \cellx13750\row \ltrrow}\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid4811500 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14886031\charrsid11434279 Page 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14886031\charrsid6375580 \cell }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6429728 After tracing the direct and indirect lines of causality, it\rquote s then poss
ible to begin identifying the immediate and less immediate consequences of the programme. Job creation, as well as environmental protection, are perhaps the most important consequences for the programme.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14886031 
\cell }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4811500 A number of additional labels and arrows appear.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14966371 Four}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4811500  new points appear with arrows pointing from the central label \'93Implementation of Working for Water Programme (WWP)\'94. These are: \'93
improved biodiversity, quality and quantity of water\'94, \'93revenue from products arising from clearance\'94, \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14966371 artisan skills developed\'94 and \'93job creation to remove invasive species\'94.

\par From \'93improved biodiversity, quality and quantity of water\'94 arrows point to the new label \'93rising costs of implementation\'94 and to \'93availability of government resources\'94.
\par From \'93revenue from products arising from clearance\'94 an arrow points to \'93development of rural economy\'94.
\par From \'93artisan skills developed\'94 an arrow points to \'93development of rural economy\'94.
\par From \'93job creation to remove invasive species\'94 an arrow points to \'93development of rural economy\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4811500 
\par A new label \'93economic return for invasive species cultivation\'94 appears with an arrow pointing to \'93spread of invasive species\'94.
\par From \'93reduced biodiversity\'94 an arrow points to \'93pressure from environmentalists\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14966371 
\par 
\par At the phrase \'93Job creation, as well as environmental protection\'94, circles appear around the labels \'93job creation to remove invasive species\'94, \'93revenue from products arising from clearance\'94 and \'93
improved biodiversity, quality and quantity of water\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14886031 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14886031 \trowd \irow5\irowband5\ltrrow\ts15\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkborder\tbllkshading\tbllkfont\tbllkcolor\tbllkbestfit\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1384\clshdrawnil \cellx1276\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6095\clshdrawnil \cellx7371\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6379\clshdrawnil \cellx13750\row \ltrrow}\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid4811500 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5460440\charrsid11434279 Page 6\cell }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5460440 Next it\rquote s possible to explore how some of the vari
ables affect each other to generate feedback loops. There are two types of these. Firstly, reinforcing feedback loops where variable change triggers a cycle of reinforcing change. For example, \lquote implementation of WWP\rquote  leads to \lquote 
improved biodiversity\'85\rquote  which leads to \lquote availability of government resources\rquote  which again leads to further implementation of WWP.\cell }\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid4215240 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5460440 At the phrase \'93For example\'85\'94
, a series of labels and their connecting arrows is highlighted in stages. The central label \'93Implementation of Working for Water Programme (WWP)\'94 is highlighted, then both the arrow pointing to and the label \'93
improved biodiversity, quality and quantity of water\'94, then the arrow pointing to and the label \'93availability of government resources\'94, then the arrow that points back to the central label.\cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5460440 
\trowd \irow6\irowband6\ltrrow\ts15\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkborder\tbllkshading\tbllkfont\tbllkcolor\tbllkbestfit\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1384\clshdrawnil \cellx1276\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6095\clshdrawnil \cellx7371\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6379\clshdrawnil \cellx13750\row \ltrrow}\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid4811500 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5460440 Page 6 plus \endash  reinforcing loops}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14886031\charrsid6375580 \cell }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14886031 \cell }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid5460440 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5460440 
A number of other reinforcing loops highlighting different areas of the diagram are displayed on the page, numbered from 1 to 4. These are described below.
\par 
\par Reinforcing loop 1 is described above.
\par Reinforcing loop 2 highlights the central label to \'93artisan skills developed\'94 to \'93development of rural economy\'94 to \'93availability of government resources\'94 and back to the central label.
\par Reinforcing loop 3 highlights the central label to \'93revenue from products arising from clearance\'94 to \'93development of rural economy\'94 to \'93availability of government resources\'94 and back to the central label.
\par Reinforcing loop 4 highlights the central label to \'93job creation to remove invasive species\'94 to \'93development of rural economy\'94 to \'93availability of government resources\'94 and back to the central label.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14886031 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14886031 \trowd \irow7\irowband7\ltrrow\ts15\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkborder\tbllkshading\tbllkfont\tbllkcolor\tbllkbestfit\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1384\clshdrawnil \cellx1276\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6095\clshdrawnil \cellx7371\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6379\clshdrawnil \cellx13750\row \ltrrow}\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid4811500 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15818833 Page 7\cell }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15818833 
A second type of feedback loop is where change in one variable in the loop leads to an opposite change in the next variable. The resultant \lquote loop\rquote 
 signals an opposing change. These loops consist of arrows that might require labelling. For example, the rising costs of implementing WWP may inhibit further investment. Other oppositional changes and loops might be identified by adding the verb \lquote 
reduces\rquote  on a causal link.\cell }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid15818833 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15818833 The central label, the labels \'93
improved biodiversity, quality and quantity of water\'94 and \'93rising costs of implementation\'94 and the arrows connecting them are highlighted. 
\par Another arrow appears, pointing from \'93rising costs of implementation\'94 to \'93availability of government resources\'94. This arrow is labelled \'93inhibits\'94. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid4811500 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15818833 At the phrase \'93Other oppositional changes and loops\'85\'94, the label \'93reduces
\'94 is added to a number of arrows over the whole diagram:  the arrow pointing from \'93ecosystem degeneration\'94 to \'93economic return for invasive species cultivation\'94; the arrows pointing from \'93job creation to remove invasive species\'94 to 
\'93spread of invasive species\'94, \'93impoverished black South Africans\'94 and \'93high rural black unemployment\'94.\cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15818833 \trowd \irow8\irowband8\ltrrow\ts15\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkborder\tbllkshading\tbllkfont\tbllkcolor\tbllkbestfit\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1384\clshdrawnil \cellx1276\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6095\clshdrawnil \cellx7371\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6379\clshdrawnil \cellx13750\row \ltrrow}\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid4811500 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15818833\charrsid15818833 Page 7 plus}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15818833 - oppositional loops}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid14886031\charrsid15818833 \cell }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14886031 \cell }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3891632 A number of other oppositional loops}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15818833 
 highlighting different areas of the diagram}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3891632  are displayed on the page, numbered from 5 to 10. These are described below.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15818833 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3891632 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid3891632 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3891632 Oppositional loop 5 is described above, highlighting the links from the central label 
\'93Implementation of WWP\'94, to \'93improved biodiversity\'85}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15818833 \'94 to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3891632  \'93rising costs of implementation\'94 and \'93availability of
 government resources\'94.
\par Oppositional loop 6 highlights the central label, to \'93job creation to remove invasive species\'94, the arrow labelled \'93reduces\'94 pointing to \'93hig}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15818833 h rural black unemployment\'94 and }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3891632 back to the central label.
\par Oppositional loop }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15818833 7 highlights the central label }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3891632 to \'93job creation to remove invasive species\'94, the arrow labelled \'93reduces\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15818833 pointing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3891632 to \'93impoverished black South Africans\'94 and back to the central label.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15818833 
\par Oppositional loop 8 highlights the central label to \'93job creation to remove invasive species\'94, the arrow labelled \'93reduces\'94 pointing to \'93spread of invasive species\'94 to \'93ecosystem degeneration\'94 to \'93reduced biodiversity\'94 to 
\'93pressure from environmentalists\'94 and back to the central label.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3891632 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15818833 Oppositional loop 9 highlights the central label to \'93job creation to remove invasive species\'94, the arrow labelled \'93reduces\'94 pointing to \'93spread of invasive species\'94 to \'93
ecosystem degeneration\'94 to \'93poor water quantity and availability\'94 to \'93inability to provide quality water for all\'94 and back to the central label.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid15818833 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15818833 Oppositional loop 10 highlights the label \'93spread of invasive species\'94 to \'93
ecosystem degeneration\'94, the arrow labelled \'93reduces\'94 pointing to \'93economic return for invasive species cultivation\'94 and back to \'93spread of invasive species\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14886031 \cell 
}\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14886031 \trowd \irow9\irowband9\ltrrow\ts15\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkborder\tbllkshading\tbllkfont\tbllkcolor\tbllkbestfit\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1384\clshdrawnil \cellx1276\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6095\clshdrawnil \cellx7371\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6379\clshdrawnil \cellx13750\row \ltrrow}\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid4811500 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14886031 Page 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14886031\charrsid1861186 \cell }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6429728 On a multiple cause diagram, it\rquote s the loops that provide important clues as to where intervention might be appropriate. For example, the loop from WWP to \lquote revenue from\'85\rquote  to \lquote development of rural economy
\rquote  to \lquote availability\'85\rquote  back to WWP suggests that strategies to increase revenue from clearance products might be a useful point of intervention.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14886031 \cell }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15818833 All highlighting disappears.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid15818833 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15818833 The following loop is highlighted: from the central label, to \'93
revenue from products arising from clearance\'94 to \'93development of rural economy\'94 to \'93availability of government resources\'94 back to the central label.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14886031 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14886031 
\trowd \irow10\irowband10\ltrrow\ts15\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkborder\tbllkshading\tbllkfont\tbllkcolor\tbllkbestfit\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1384\clshdrawnil \cellx1276\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6095\clshdrawnil \cellx7371\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6379\clshdrawnil \cellx13750\row \ltrrow}\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid4811500 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14886031 Page 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14886031\charrsid1861186 \cell }\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid6429728 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6429728 
I went through a number of versions and lots of scrap paper before achieving my final diagram. One of my earlier sketches is shown here. There are a number of difficulties with this 
version. First, there are lines crossing, which make it difficult to read.
\par 
\par I then had to try and arrange the elements of the diagram to avoid any possible confusion.
\par 
\par The diagram is also too congested with too many variables. One way to deal with this is to identify variables that might be of a similar type and to cluster them together.
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid4811500 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6429728 
Whilst removing some variables, it also struck me that other important variables were missing.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14886031 \cell }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid1998830 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af36 \ltrch\fcs0 \f36\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1998830 The page goes blank.
\par A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af36 \ltrch\fcs0 \f36\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid8130460 t the phrase \'93One of my earlier sketches\'85\'94 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af36 \ltrch\fcs0 \f36\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1998830 nother 
version of the multiple cause diagram is shown. This description will first cover the arrows and labels pointing from the central label, and their further links; and then the arrows and labels pointing at the central label, and their further links.
\par 
\par The central label is the same as before: \'93Implementation of Working for Water Programme (WWP)\'94. From the central label six arrows point away to the labels: \'93legislation on water charges (\rquote 97)\'94, \'93improved quality and quantity of water
\'94, \'93rising costs of implementation\'94, \'93artisan skills developed\'94, \'93revenue from products arising from clearance\'94 and \'93job creation to remove invasive species\'94 (which is circled).
\par 
\par From \'93legislation on water charges (\rquote 97)\'94 there are two arrows pointing to the labels \'93preferential water charges for landowners cultivating invasive species\'94 and \'93revenue from water charges\'94. From \'93revenue from water charges
\'94 an arrow points to the label \'93funds made available\'94. From "preferential water charges\'85" an arrow points to "high economic return for invasive species cultivation".
\par From \'93improved quality and quantity of water\'94 there is an arrow pointing to \'93increased international profile\'94.
\par From \'93rising costs of implementation\'94 there is an arrow, pointing to \'93funds made available".
\par From \'93revenue from products arising from clearance\'94 \'93artisan skills developed\'94 and from \'93job creation to remove invasive species\'94, arrows point to \'93development of rural economy\'94, from which an arrow points to \'93
funds made available\'94.
\par 
\par There are 5 arrows pointed at the central label: \'93inability to provide quality water for all\'94, \'93ecosystem degeneration\'94, \'93policy on water as common property resource (\rquote 98)\'94, \'93
post-apartheid demand for stakeholder participation" and \'93high rural black unemployment\'94.
\par 
\par From \'93ecosystem degeneration\'94 two arrows point to the labels \'93poor water quality\'94 and \'93poor water availability\'94. Two arrows point to \'93ecosystem degeneration\'94 from the labels \'93spread of invasive species\'94 and \'93
failure of conventional sector-based agricultural development\'94.
\par From the label \'93failure of conventional\'85\'94, a further arrow points to \'93spread of invasive species\'94. There are arrows pointed at these two labels from the label "high economic return for invasive species cultivation".
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid16196625 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af36 \ltrch\fcs0 \f36\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1998830 From the label "spread of invasive species" an arrow po
ints to the label "cultural preference for non-native species". A further arrow points to this label from "apartheid governance '48-'94", which also points to "impoverished black South Africans".
\par Please note that a number of the direction arrows are }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af36 \ltrch\fcs0 \f36\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid8130460 overlapping}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af36 \ltrch\fcs0 \f36\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1998830  in this diagram.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1998830 
\par 
\par At the phrase \'93there are lines crossing\'94, the arrows that are overlapping are highlighted, then }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7755140 the highlight }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1998830 fade}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7755140 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1998830 .
\par At the phrase \'93One way to try and deal with this\'94, the labels \'93poor water quality\'94 and \'93poor water availability\'94 are highlighted and merge to form a new label: \'93poor water quality and availability\'94
. This label has one arrow pointing to it from \'93ecosystem degeneration\'94 and has another arrow pointing to \'93inability to provide quality water for all\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7755140 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1998830 
\par At the phrase \'93whilst removing some variables\'94, a number of new labels and arrows appear on the diagram. From the label \'93ecosystem degeneration\'94 an arrow pointing to the label \'93reduced biodiversity\'94
 with a question mark, a further arrow pointing to \'93pressure from environmentalists\'94 and another question mark, and an arrow pointing back to the central label appear. Another label with an arrow pointing to the central label also appears: \'93
availability of g}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7755140 overnment resources\'94. This label}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1998830  has two arrows pointed at it from \'93development of rural economy\'94 and \'93
rising costs of implementation\'94 (this arrow is labelled \'93inhibits\'94 with a question mark).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5855038 
\par From the label \'93improved quality and quantity of water\'94 an arrow pointing to the label \'93more WWP projects\'94 and a further arrow pointing to \'93rising costs of implementation\'94 appear.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14886031 \cell 
}\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14886031 \trowd \irow11\irowband11\ltrrow\ts15\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkborder\tbllkshading\tbllkfont\tbllkcolor\tbllkbestfit\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1384\clshdrawnil \cellx1276\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6095\clshdrawnil \cellx7371\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6379\clshdrawnil \cellx13750\row \ltrrow}\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid4811500 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14886031 Page 10}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14886031\charrsid1861186 \cell }\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid6429728 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6429728 
In drafting a multiple cause diagram you need to think about presentational issues, such as avoiding crossed lines and having too many variables. You also need to think about substantive issues. Are all the 
key variables present? Are some variables less important? Check if any variables can be removed.
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid4811500 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6429728 Are the suggested variables perhaps more of \lquote influence\rquote  rather than 
\lquote cause\rquote ? Make sure the causal links are clear to you or to others. Looking at the final dr
aft, what questions occur to you about the presentational aspects? How might you present different variables? What about the substantive elements? For example, which feedback loop is particularly important as a possible focus for future intervention to im
prove the success of WWP?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14886031 \cell }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af36 \ltrch\fcs0 \f36\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid5855038 At the phrase \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af36 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f36\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7755140 Are all the key variables present?\'94 the labels \'93reduced biodiversity\'94, \'93pressure from environmentalists\'94, \'93more WWP projects\'94, and \'93availability of government resources\'94
 are highlighted and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7755140 then the highlight fades.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af36 \ltrch\fcs0 \f36\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7755140 
\par At the phrase \'93Are some variables less important\'94, the labels \'93cultural preference for non-native species\'94, \'93legislation on water charges (\rquote 97)\'94, \'93increased international profile\'94 and \'93
policy on water as common property resource (\rquote 98)\'94 are highlighted, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7755140 and then the highlight fades.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af36 \ltrch\fcs0 \f36\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7755140  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af36 \ltrch\fcs0 \f36\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid5855038 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8986100 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5460440 At the phrase \'93Looking at the final draft\'94 the previous version}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8986100  of the multiple cause diagram is displayed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5855038 , with the arrows labelled \'93reduces\'94 and \'93inhibits\'94 described above}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8986100 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14886031 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14886031 
\trowd \irow12\irowband12\ltrrow\ts15\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkborder\tbllkshading\tbllkfont\tbllkcolor\tbllkbestfit\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1384\clshdrawnil \cellx1276\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6095\clshdrawnil \cellx7371\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6379\clshdrawnil \cellx13750\row \ltrrow}\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid4811500 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14886031\charrsid10946169 Summary\cell }\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid6429728 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6429728 Summary
\par 
\par 1 Identify the event to be explored and write this down on lower half of paper.
\par 
\par 2 Note the various direct immediate agencies of change (variables or other \lquote events\rquote ) that brought about the event using arrows to indicate causal connections.
\par 
\par 3 Trace indirect less-immediate agencies of change as sub-causes by continually working backwards from the main event.
\par 
\par 4 Similarly, explore any consequences (either intended or unintended) arising from the chosen event and map these out as variables/ events on your diagram.
\par 
\par 5 Identify and indicate with arrows whether variables/ events might be causally interconnected. Label any arrows that have an inhibiting or reducing effect.
\par 
\par 6 Encircle those variables or events that you feel are particularly significant.
\par 
\par 7 Identify any causal loops either inhibiting or reinforcing activities shown on your diagram.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid4811500 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14886031 \cell \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14886031 
\trowd \irow13\irowband13\lastrow \ltrrow\ts15\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkborder\tbllkshading\tbllkfont\tbllkcolor\tbllkbestfit\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1384\clshdrawnil \cellx1276\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6095\clshdrawnil \cellx7371\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \clbrdrr
\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6379\clshdrawnil \cellx13750\row }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14886031 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4811500 
\par }{\*\themedata 504b030414000600080000002100e9de0fbfff0000001c020000130000005b436f6e74656e745f54797065735d2e786d6cac91cb4ec3301045f748fc83e52d4a
9cb2400825e982c78ec7a27cc0c8992416c9d8b2a755fbf74cd25442a820166c2cd933f79e3be372bd1f07b5c3989ca74aaff2422b24eb1b475da5df374fd9ad
5689811a183c61a50f98f4babebc2837878049899a52a57be670674cb23d8e90721f90a4d2fa3802cb35762680fd800ecd7551dc18eb899138e3c943d7e503b6
b01d583deee5f99824e290b4ba3f364eac4a430883b3c092d4eca8f946c916422ecab927f52ea42b89a1cd59c254f919b0e85e6535d135a8de20f20b8c12c3b0
0c895fcf6720192de6bf3b9e89ecdbd6596cbcdd8eb28e7c365ecc4ec1ff1460f53fe813d3cc7f5b7f020000ffff0300504b030414000600080000002100a5d6
a7e7c0000000360100000b0000005f72656c732f2e72656c73848fcf6ac3300c87ef85bd83d17d51d2c31825762fa590432fa37d00e1287f68221bdb1bebdb4f
c7060abb0884a4eff7a93dfeae8bf9e194e720169aaa06c3e2433fcb68e1763dbf7f82c985a4a725085b787086a37bdbb55fbc50d1a33ccd311ba548b6309512
0f88d94fbc52ae4264d1c910d24a45db3462247fa791715fd71f989e19e0364cd3f51652d73760ae8fa8c9ffb3c330cc9e4fc17faf2ce545046e37944c69e462
a1a82fe353bd90a865aad41ed0b5b8f9d6fd010000ffff0300504b0304140006000800000021006b799616830000008a0000001c0000007468656d652f746865
6d652f7468656d654d616e616765722e786d6c0ccc4d0ac3201040e17da17790d93763bb284562b2cbaebbf600439c1a41c7a0d29fdbd7e5e38337cedf14d59b
4b0d592c9c070d8a65cd2e88b7f07c2ca71ba8da481cc52c6ce1c715e6e97818c9b48d13df49c873517d23d59085adb5dd20d6b52bd521ef2cdd5eb9246a3d8b
4757e8d3f729e245eb2b260a0238fd010000ffff0300504b0304140006000800000021009d5c8bbe10070000871d0000160000007468656d652f7468656d652f
7468656d65312e786d6cec594f6f1b4514bf23f11d467b6f13274e9a4475aad8b109b469a3d82dea71bc3bf64e33bbb39a1927f10db547242444411ca8c48d03
022ab51297f269024550a47e05deccecae77e271e39400153487d63bfb7b6fdefbbd3ff367af5e3b4e183a2442529e3682dae5c5009134e4114d878de076af73
692d4052e134c28ca7a4118c890cae6dbefbce55bca162921004f2a9dcc08d20562adb585890210c63799967248577032e12ace0510c1722818f406fc2169616
175717124cd300a53801b5b706031a12d4d32a83cd42799bc163aaa41e0899e86ad5c49130d8e8a0a611722c5b4ca043cc1a01cc13f1a31e39560162582a78d1
0816cd5fb0b07975016fe4424ccd90adc875cc5f2e970b44074b664e31ec9793d63af5f52bdba57e03606a1ad76eb75bed5aa9cf00701882a7d696aace7a67ad
d62c745640f6e7b4eed6e2ca62ddc557f42f4fd9bcde6c3657d6735bac5203b23feb53f8b5c5d5fad6928337208b5f99c2d79b5badd6aa8337208b5f9dc277ae
acafd65dbc01c58ca60753681dd04e27d75e42069ced78e16b005f5bcce113146443995d7a8a014fd5ac5c4bf03d2e3a00d04086154d911a67648043c8e21666
b42fa89e006f105c796387423935a4e742321434538de0830c43454cf4bd7cf6ddcb674fd0c9fda727f77f3c79f0e0e4fe0f569123b583d36155eac5379ffef1
e823f4fb93af5f3cfcdc8f9755fc2fdf7ffcf34f9ff981503e13739e7ff1f8d7a78f9f7ff9c96fdf3ef4c0b704ee57e13d9a10896e9223b4cf1370ccb0e25a4e
fae27c12bd18d3aac4563a9438c57a168ffeb68a1df4cd3166d8836b1297c13b02da870ff8dee89e637037162395c7dbf1ec7a9c38c05dce59930b2f0bd7f55c
159a7ba374e89f5c8caab87d8c0f7d73b770eac4b73dcaa06f529fca564c1c33f7184e151e929428a4dff103423c7cdda5d4e1759786824b3e50e82e454d4cbd
94f468dfc9a689d00e4d202e639f81106f879bdd3ba8c999cfeb6d72e822a12a30f318df23cca1f13d3c5238f1a9ece1845509bf8155ec33b23b166115d7960a
223d248ca37644a4f4c9dc12e06f25e8d7a175f8c3becbc6898b148a1ef874dec09c5791dbfca015e324f361bb348dabd8f7e501a428467b5cf9e0bbdcad10fd
0c71c0e9cc70dfa1c409f7d9dde0361d3a264d1244bf19091d4b68d54e074e68faaa769c4037ceddb9b8760c0df0f9578f3c99f5a636e22d20c157093ba7daef
2cdce9a6dbe222a26f7ecfddc6a3748f409a4f2f3c6f5beedb961bfce75beeac7a9eb7d14e7a2bb45dbdbdb19b62b3454e66ee900794b1ae1a3372439a4db284
7522eac0a09633a743529e98b2187ee67dddc10d0536324870f521557137c6196cb06b81563294b9eaa144199770b033c35edd1a0f9b74658f852bfac060fb81
c46a97477678590f17e782528d596d86e6f0594cb4ac15cc3bd9f2955c29b8fd3a93d5b45173cf5633a69956e7cc56ba0c319c760d064b3661038260db022caf
c2f95c4f0d0713cc48a479b76b6f11161385bf2744b9d7d6911847c486c819aeb05933b12b52c85c10404a7942773e364bd680b4b38d3069313b7fe624b95030
215997dda96a6269b5b6588a8e1ac1facad24a80429c3582011c49e1679241d0a4deb26136847b9d50099bb567d6a229d289c7ebfeacaac12dc38c8271ca3813
526d6319db189a5779a858aa67b2f62fadd475b25d8c0336515fc38ae53548917fcd0a08b51b5a3218905055835d19d1dcd9c7bc13f29122a21b4747a8cf4662
1f43f88153ed4f4425dc2c9882d60f700da6d936afdcde9a779aeae593c1d971ccb218e7dd525fa3141567e1a6de4a1bcc53c53cf0cd6bbb71eefcaee88abf28
57aa69fc3f73452f0770d05f8e740442b8851518e97a6d045ca8984317ca621a7604acfba67740b6c0552abc06f2e12ed8fc2fc8a1fedfd69cd561ca1ace6b6a
9f0e91a0b09ca85810b2076dc964df19ca6af9d26355b25c91c9a88ab932b366f7c921613ddd0357750f0e500ca96eba49de060cee74feb9cf7905f5877a8f52
ad37a787944ba7ad817f7ae3628b199c3ab597d0f95bf05f9ae859fdacbc112fd6c8aa23fac56497542faac259fcd6d7f3a95ed3847916e0ca5a6b3bd694c74b
2b857110c5698f61b0dccf64705d83f43fb0fe511132fb61412fa83dbe0fbd15c17702cb1f82acbea4bb1a64906e90f6571ff63d76d026935665a9cd773e9ab5
62b1bee08d6a39ef29b2b565f3c4fb9c64979b28773aa7162f92ec9c61876b3b36936a88ece91285a141710e3181315fa4aa1f8d78ff1e047a1baee747cc7e46
92193c993ac8f684c9ae3e8fc6f94f26ed826bb34e9f613492a5fb648068745c9c3f4a266c09d94f19c516d9a0b5984eb45270d97768700573bc16b5ab6529bc
74b67029616686965d0a9b1b329f02f89095376e7db403bc6db2d66b5d5c05532cfd2b94cd61bc9f32efc9675ecaec41f195817a0dcad4f1ab29cb9902f2a613
0f3e450a0c4793aee9bfb0e8d84c3729bbf927000000ffff0300504b0304140006000800000021000dd1909fb60000001b010000270000007468656d652f7468
656d652f5f72656c732f7468656d654d616e616765722e786d6c2e72656c73848f4d0ac2301484f78277086f6fd3ba109126dd88d0add40384e4350d363f2451
eced0dae2c082e8761be9969bb979dc9136332de3168aa1a083ae995719ac16db8ec8e4052164e89d93b64b060828e6f37ed1567914b284d262452282e319872
0e274a939cd08a54f980ae38a38f56e422a3a641c8bbd048f7757da0f19b017cc524bd62107bd5001996509affb3fd381a89672f1f165dfe514173d9850528a2
c6cce0239baa4c04ca5bbabac4df000000ffff0300504b01022d0014000600080000002100e9de0fbfff0000001c020000130000000000000000000000000000
0000005b436f6e74656e745f54797065735d2e786d6c504b01022d0014000600080000002100a5d6a7e7c0000000360100000b00000000000000000000000000
300100005f72656c732f2e72656c73504b01022d00140006000800000021006b799616830000008a0000001c0000000000000000000000000019020000746865
6d652f7468656d652f7468656d654d616e616765722e786d6c504b01022d00140006000800000021009d5c8bbe10070000871d00001600000000000000000000
000000d60200007468656d652f7468656d652f7468656d65312e786d6c504b01022d00140006000800000021000dd1909fb60000001b01000027000000000000
000000000000001a0a00007468656d652f7468656d652f5f72656c732f7468656d654d616e616765722e786d6c2e72656c73504b050600000000050005005d010000150b00000000}
{\*\colorschememapping 3c3f786d6c2076657273696f6e3d22312e302220656e636f64696e673d225554462d3822207374616e64616c6f6e653d22796573223f3e0d0a3c613a636c724d
617020786d6c6e733a613d22687474703a2f2f736368656d61732e6f70656e786d6c666f726d6174732e6f72672f64726177696e676d6c2f323030362f6d6169
6e22206267313d226c743122207478313d22646b3122206267323d226c743222207478323d22646b322220616363656e74313d22616363656e74312220616363
656e74323d22616363656e74322220616363656e74333d22616363656e74332220616363656e74343d22616363656e74342220616363656e74353d22616363656e74352220616363656e74363d22616363656e74362220686c696e6b3d22686c696e6b2220666f6c486c696e6b3d22666f6c486c696e6b222f3e}
{\*\latentstyles\lsdstimax267\lsdlockeddef0\lsdsemihiddendef0\lsdunhideuseddef0\lsdqformatdef0\lsdprioritydef0{\lsdlockedexcept \lsdqformat1 \lsdlocked0 Normal;\lsdpriority59 \lsdlocked0 Table Grid;}}{\*\datastore 010500000200000018000000
4d73786d6c322e534158584d4c5265616465722e362e3000000000000000000000060000
d0cf11e0a1b11ae1000000000000000000000000000000003e000300feff090006000000000000000000000001000000010000000000000000100000feffffff00000000feffffff0000000000000000ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
fffffffffffffffffdfffffffeffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff52006f006f007400200045006e00740072007900000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000016000500ffffffffffffffffffffffff0c6ad98892f1d411a65f0040963251e5000000000000000000000000909d
630f58fccc01feffffff00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000ffffffffffffffffffffffff00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000ffffffffffffffffffffffff0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000ffffffffffffffffffffffff000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000105000000000000}}