This is a tree diagram with linking lines in dark blue and blocks containing languages in light blue.

At the top there is a dark blue horizontal line with seven short vertical branches. These are all linked in the centre to ‘Proto-Indo-European’ which is shown in the light blue block above it.

The seven branches from left to right are ‘GERMANIC’, ‘SLAVIC’, ’ITALIC’, ‘CELTIC’, ‘Greek’, ‘IRANIAN’ and ‘INDO-ARYAN’. Of these only Greek has no links further down the tree.

To the far left is GERMANIC. Two branches are connected to it. In the upper block is ‘German’, ‘Dutch’ and ‘English’. In the lower block is ‘Swedish’, ‘Danish’ and ‘Norwegian’.

Further to the right is ‘SLAVIC’. Two branches are connected to it. In the upper block is ‘Russian’, ‘Polish’ and ‘Czech’. In the lower block is ‘Bulgarian’, ‘Serbian’ and ‘Croatian’.

Further to the right is ‘ITALIC’. One branch is connected to it. In this block is ‘Latin’, ‘Italian’, ‘Spanish’, ‘Portuguese’, ‘French’ and ‘Romanian’.

In the centre is ‘CELTIC’. Two branches are connected to it. In the upper block is ‘Welsh’ and ‘Breton’. In the lower block is ‘Scottish Gaelic’ and ‘Irish Gaelic’.

To the right of this is ‘Greek’. There are no connecting branches.

Further to the right is ‘IRANIAN’. One branch is connected to it. In this block is ‘Avestan’, ‘Persian’ and ‘Kurdish’.

To the far right is ‘INDO-ARYAN’. One branch is connected to it. In this block is ‘Sanskrit’, ‘Hindu/Urdu’, ‘Bengali’ and ‘Gujarati’.

All the languages in the light blue blocks stem from ‘Proto-Indo-European’.