(Description) Figure 6 Portraits of German and Italian criminals. Album of photographs gathered by Cesare Lombroso (1835–1909), Italian criminologist, for his book, The criminal man, 1875. Lombroso believed that criminality was hereditary and that criminals could be identified by physical defects. Lombroso’s work lent a scientific basis to the idea of the existence of a ‘criminal class’ and influenced some early criminologists in Britain.

Session 5: Systems of measurement

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This is a series of small black and white photographic portraits, arranged in eight rows of seven. Most of the subjects are male, and framed in a full-face head and shoulders shot. A few wear a collar and tie, and one has a top hat, while others wear the collarless shirts of workmen.