This image shows the Burke-Litwin change model. The model is split into five sections (vertically – top to bottom): external factors, strategic factors, operating factors, individual factors, and outputs. Sitting within each vertical section are boxes, all interconnected with arrows. External factors: Management practices. Note: External factors often create the need for change. Strategic factors: Strategy/mission; Management practices; Organisational culture. Note: Transformational factors are key to the success of any change. They’re also often where the objectives of change are first captured. Operating factors: Structure; Management practices; Systems (policy & procedure). Note: Transactional factors may be fairly easy to change, but might not actually lead to lasting organisational change. Individual factors: Individual skills & tasks; Work unit climate; Motivation; Individual needs & values. Note: Individual factors are affected by many things and are key to enabling individual performance. Outputs: Ind. & Org. performance. Note: The ultimate output of any change is the impact on performance.