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Introducing engineering

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Figure 1 shows an array of 6 photographs of engineered objects that could be considered as being fashionably attractive or impressive. Viewing left to right, top to bottom. The Sydney Opera House is shown lit up at night with the harbour bridge behind. The lighting accentuates the distinctive form of the large precast concrete roofs of the Opera House, generally referred to as "shells", each composed of sections of a sphere of about 75 metres radius. Next, the Hubble space telescope is in low earth orbit and comprises a cylindrical metallic housing, with two large solar panels on opposite sides and two radio antennae on the other two sides. The Hubble telescope has instruments designed to observe in the near ultraviolet, visible, and near infrared wavelengths. Picture C, The Shard, is the tallest building in the European Union being about 310 metres high with 72 habitable floors. It has a pyramidal shape and is covered in glass. Next, the lava lamp is a decorative artefact dating from the 1960s. It consists of a clear glass vessel containing a clear liquid and blobs of coloured wax. In the base there is an incandescent light bulb shining into the liquid which heats the liquid causing the wax blobs to rise and fall. The pictured Smartphone has more advanced computing capability and connectivity than a feature phone. Although small enough to be held in the hand, it can have a number of other functions as well as verbal communication e.g. playing music, taking pictures and video, and helping us find our way around. Instead of a key pad, it uses touch screen technology, which has been further developed for visually impaired and blind users. Finally, the Falkirk Wheel boat lift has two tanks, each containing about 360,000 litres of water, which are pivoted about a common central axis and the form of the rotating structure is inspired by the double-headed Celtic axe. When a boat enters one of the tanks, the weight remains the same as the boat displaces its own weight in water (known as Archimedes Principle). Because the structure is so well balanced it uses very little energy to raise and lower boats between two canals that are about 30 metres apart in height.

 1.1 What is engineering?