The figure comprises two drawings. Part (a) shows a dog standing upright, looking straight ahead with its ears pointed, and its tail held high. The fur on the dog’s back is also raised. Part (b) shows a dog with its chest close to the ground, its head angled upwards and ears held back. Its front legs bent and extended forward and its back is arched and smooth, with the rear end raised and tail hanging low.

◄ 2.1  An evolutionary approach to emotion in humans and animals