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Session 4: Customers and markets

Completion requirements

The original four Ps are:

  • product – the core benefits of the offer
  • price – often real costs paid, but may include other forms of exchange
  • place – how people access the offer
  • promotion – how the offer or ‘marketing mix’ is communicated.

The additional three Ps are:

  • people – which accounts for the interactions in the service industry
  • physical evidence – which relates to the ability of the customer to discern qualities of a product
  • process – which acknowledges the importance of how a service is delivered.

This are all pointing inwards towards the Target market.