Surface water
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## Contents

- Introduction
- Learning outcomes
- 1 Springs
- 2 River flow
- 3 Reservoirs
  - 3.1 Introduction
  - 3.2 Sites for reservoirs
  - 3.3 Dams
  - 3.4 Environmental effects of reservoir construction
    - 3.4.1 Land use
    - 3.4.2 Ecological changes
    - 3.4.3 Dam failure
    - 3.4.4 Sediment filling
    - 3.4.5 Sediment loss to agriculture
    - 3.4.6 Soil salinization
    - 3.4.7 Induced earthquakes
  - 3.5 Big dams in the future?
- Conclusion
- Keep on learning
- References
- Acknowledgements

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