# Introduction

The study of the structure and characteristics of minerals is fundamental to the identification of igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks, and the interpretation of the environment in which they formed. This free course introduces the polarising microscope, the main tool used to study minerals in rock thin sections, which remains the foundation of learning to recognise, characterise and identify rocks.

The different atomic structures of minerals and their characteristics are explained, and the course develops the skills to identify minerals using features such as mineral shape, colour, grain size, opacity, refractive index and cleavage. The unique features of the polarising microscope are also covered, including extinction, birefringence and pleochroism.

Recognising minerals and understanding their structure is the basis for recognising rocks and interpreting microtextures to learn how they were formed. Evidence gathered by careful study of minerals in thin sections is a key part of the interpretation of igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks.

If you'd like an interactive overview of the geological makeup of the landscape of the British Isles, take a look at our Geology Toolkit.

This OpenLearn course provides a sample of level 2 study in Science.

OpenLearn - An introduction to minerals and rocks under the microscope
Except for third party materials and otherwise, this content is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 Licence, full copyright detail can be found in the acknowledgements section. Please see full copyright statement for details.