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# Long description

A diagram of four vertical columns of rounded boxes stacked on top of one another. From the left, the first column has 9 boxes, with the following text inside: traditional software, application, runtime environment, middleware, operating system, virtual machines, servers, storage, networking. There is an arrow running vertically along all of these, labelled client manages. The second column has another 9 boxes, with the following text: infrastructure as a service (IaaS), application, runtime environment, middleware, operating system. These boxes have an arrow running vertically alongside them, with the label: client manages. The remaining four boxes in this column have the following text: virtual machines, servers, storage, networking, and these have an arrow running alongside them with the label vendor manages. The third column from the left has 9 boxes, with the following: Platform as a service (PaaS), application, runtime environment, middleware, operating system, virtual machines, servers, storage, networking. There is an arrow running from the application box to the last box, with the label vendor manages. The final column on the right has 9 boxes. There is an arrow running along all of them, with the label vendor manages. The boxes have the following text: Software as a service (SaaS), application, runtime environment, midleware, operating system, virtual machines, servers, storage, networking.