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肝脏位于腹腔右侧，如图1。它是身体里一个大的而且非常重要的器官，有很多功能和作用。它通过储藏葡萄糖来帮助控制血糖浓度。通过这种方式，葡萄糖被转换成肝糖（葡萄糖链粘合在一起形成的物质）。你可以把肝糖当成是葡萄糖存贮的一种形式。如果血液中的葡萄糖过多，身体就会转化成肝糖留待体内葡萄糖缺少时再使用。例如，将血液中的葡萄糖转化成肝糖并储存在体内一夜，那么第二天早上不吃饭的时候，肝脏就会慢慢地从肝糖储藏中释放葡萄糖。同样道理，当你锻炼身体需要能量时，肝脏就会慢慢地释放葡萄糖以提升能量（参见图4）。
需要了解的一点是胰岛素（后面会继续讲）也会刺激肝脏吸收葡萄糖。
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