Blood and the respiratory system
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Contents

  • Introduction
  • Learning outcomes
  • 1 Respiratory structures and ventilation
    • 1.1 Structure of the respiratory system
      • 1.1.1 Upper respiratory tract
      • 1.1.2 Lower respiratory tract
      • 1.1.3 Respiratory zone
    • 1.2 Muscles of ventilation
    • 1.3 Mechanics of inhalation and expiration
    • 1.4 Non-respiratory functions
  • 2 Factors affecting pulmonary ventilation
    • 2.1 Atmospheric pressure
    • 2.2 Partial pressure
    • 2.3 Decompression sickness
    • 2.4 Surface tension
    • 2.5 Compliance and airway resistance
  • 3 Lung function
    • 3.1 Spirometry
    • 3.2 Lung function impairment
  • 4 Gas exchange
    • 4.1 O2 and CO2 transport in the blood
    • 4.2 Haemoglobin
    • 4.2.1 Influencing the curve
    • 4.3 Bicarbonate
  • 5 Inherited disorders of haemoglobin
    • 5.1 Sickle cell anaemia
    • 5.2 Thalassaemia
  • 6 Control of respiration
    • 6.1 Central chemoreceptors
    • 6.2 Peripheral chemoreceptors
    • 6.3 Additional neuronal control
    • 6.4 Sleep apnoea
  • Conclusion
  • References
  • Further reading
  • Acknowledgements
  • Glossary

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