Cell signalling
Skip contents

## Contents

- Introduction
- Learning outcomes
- 1 General principles of signal transduction
  - 1.1 Introduction
  - 1.2 Extracellular signals can act locally or at a distance
    - 1.2.1 Cell–cell contact-dependent signalling
    - 1.2.2 Cell–cell signalling via secreted molecules
  - 1.3 Most receptors are on the cell surface
  - 1.4 Cellular responses are diverse
  - 1.5 Signal transduction mechanisms
  - 1.6 Signalling proteins can act as molecular switches
  - 1.7 Localization of signalling proteins
  - 1.8 Protein–protein interactions in signal transduction
  - 1.9 Summary
- 2 Receptors and their ligands
  - 2.1 Introduction
  - 2.2 Receptor specificity
  - 2.3 Receptor activation
    - 2.3.1 Ion-channel receptors
    - 2.3.2 Seven-helix transmembrane (7TM) receptors
    - 2.3.3 Receptors with intrinsic enzymatic activity
    - 2.3.4 Recruiter receptors
  - 2.4 Receptor inactivation
  - 2.5 Intracellular receptors
  - 2.6 Summary
- 3 Intracellular signalling components
  - 3.1 Introduction
  - 3.2 Trimeric G proteins
  - 3.3 Lipid-modifying enzymes
    - 3.3.1 Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase)
    - 3.3.2 Phospholipase C (PLC)
  - 3.4 Second messengers
    - 3.4.1 Calcium ions
    - 3.4.2 Cyclic AMP
    - 3.4.3 Cyclic GMP
  - 3.5 Monomeric G proteins
  - 3.6 Protein kinases
    - 3.6.1 The MAP kinase pathway
    - 3.6.2 The JAK–STAT pathway
  - 3.7 Protein phosphatases
  - 3.8 Activation of transcription factors
  - 3.9 Summary
- 4 Glucose metabolism: an example of integration of signalling pathways
  - 4.1 Glucose metabolism
  - 4.2 Summary
- Conclusion
- Keep on learning
- References
- Acknowledgements

Except for third party materials and otherwise stated in the acknowledgements section, this content is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 Licence

Please see full copyright statement and terms of use for more details.