Introduction to active galaxies
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## Contents

- Introduction
- Learning outcomes
- 1 Overview
- 2 The spectra of galaxies
  - 2.1 What contributes to the spectra of galaxies?
  - 2.2 Optical spectra
    - 2.2.1 Normal galaxies
    - Active galaxies
  - 2.3 Broadband spectra
    - Normal galaxies
    - Active galaxies
- 3 Types of active galaxies
  - 3.1 Introduction
  - 3.2 Seyfert galaxies
  - 3.3 Quasars
  - 3.4 Radio galaxies
  - 3.5 Blazars
  - 3.6 A 'non-active' class - the starburst galaxies
- 4 The central engine
  - 4.1 Introduction: the active galactic nuclei (AGN)
  - 4.2 The size of AGNs
  - 4.3 The luminosity of AGNs
  - 4.4 A supermassive black hole
  - 4.5 An accretion disc
  - 4.6 Accretion power
  - 4.7 Jets
- 5 Models of active galaxies
  - 5.1 Introduction
  - 5.2 The obscuring torus
  - 5.3 The broad- and narrow-line regions
    - Broad-line region
    - Narrow-line region
  - 5.4 Unified models
    - Radio-quiet AGNs
    - Radio-loud AGNs
- 6 Outstanding Issues
  - 6.1 Introduction
  - 6.2 Do supermassive black holes really exist?
  - 6.3 Where are they now?
- 7 course Summary
  - 7.1 The spectra of galaxies
  - 7.2 Types of active galaxy
  - 7.3 The central engine
  - 7.4 Models of active galaxies
  - 7.5 Outstanding issues
  - 7.6 Questions
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgements

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