Figures 3 and 4 The choices that can be made about ‘system’ and ‘situation’ that have implications for systems practice: practitioner
1 (top) situates systems in the world (i.e. conflates system and situation) whereas practitioner 2 (bottom) understands ‘systems’
to be a means of inquiry about situations (adapted from Checkland and Checkland and Poulter, Fig. 1.9, p. 2).