Diagrams, charts and graphs
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# 2.2.1 Try some yourself

## Activity 7

Consider the table about household sizes.

- (a) What was the total number of households surveyed in 1971?

- (b) How many of the households surveyed in 1991 consisted of three people?

- (c) What is the total for the 1981 column?

## Answer

- (a) The total number of households surveyed in 1971 was 18.6 million.

- (b) The table shows that 16% of the households surveyed in 1991 consisted of three people. The actual number of such households was 16% of 22.4 million, which is 3.584 million.

- (c) The total for the 1981 column is 22 + 32 + 17 + 18 + 7 + 4 = 100.

## Activity 8

Consider the table about families with dependent children.

- (a) What percentage of families have a single parent?

- (b) What percentage of families are couples with 2 or more dependent children?

## Answer

- (a) The percentage of families with a lone mother is 19%

- The percentage of families with a lone father is 2%

- Hence the percentage of families with a singleparent is 19% + 2% = 21%

- (b) The percentage of families that are couples with 2 dependent children is 37% and

- The percentage of families that are couples with 3 or more dependent children is 25%.

- Hence the percentage of families that are couples with 2 or more dependent children is 37% + 25% = 62%.

## Activity 9

Below is a table summarising the cigarette-smoking habits of a sample of men in various age groups.

##

Number of cigarettes | Percentage of each age group
--- | ---
smoked per day | 16–24 | 25–34 | 35–49 | 50–59 | 60 or over | All aged over 16
None | 62 | 52 | 52 | 50 | 60 | 55
1–20 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 24 | 22
Over 20 | 19 | 29 | 28 | 28 | 16 | 23
Number of men surveyed | 1850 | 2560 | 2470 | 1960 | 2150 | 10 990

- (a) Write down the percentage of men aged between 25 and 34 who smoke over 20 cigarettes a day.

- (b) How many of the men aged 60 or over are non-smokers?

- (c) Which age group has the highest percentage of heavy smokers?

## Answer

- (a) Find ‘25–34’ in the column headings; then look down this column to the ‘Over 20’ row. This gives 29%.

- (b) The ‘60 or over’ column shows that 60% of men aged 60 or over do not smoke, and that the total number of men aged 60 or over in the sample is 2150. So 60% of 2150 = 1290 of the men aged 60 or over are non-smokers.

- (c) Suppose a ‘heavy smoker’ is defined as one who smokes more than 20 cigarettes per day. Then, less than 20% of men in the 16–24 age group and the 60 and over group are heavy smokers. In the 25–34, 35–49 and 50–59 age groups, well over 20% are heavy smokers. So these are the age groups with the higher percentages of heavy smokers, with the age range 25–34 having marginally the highest.

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