3 Arithmetic

Although you may have a calculator at your disposal, you need to be able to carry out some calculations (usually with simpler numbers) in order to check your calculator work. Actually handling numbers, on paper or in your head, helps you to understand the nature of the calculations you perform on your calculator and gives you a deeper understanding of the underlying mathematical processes. In some cases, it really is quicker and easier to carry out a calculation by hand rather than key it into your calculator. However, do use your calculator for more cumbersome arithmetic.

The arithmetic system works not only for positive whole numbers but also for fractions, decimals and negative numbers. It can also be used when letters represent unknown numbers (algebra). It is therefore important to understand the principles for whole numbers, so you can extend these ideas to include different types of numbers.