Substance | Relative density at room conditions (compared with water = 1.0) | Structure and bonding |
---|
Ice, H2O | 0.9 | open structure; covalent bonds plus weak bonds between H2O molecules |
Graphite, C | 2.2 | open structure; covalent bonds plus weak bonds between layers |
Feldspar, KAlSi3O8 | 2.5 | open structure; predominantly covalent bonds |
Quartz, SiO2 | 2.7 | open structure; predominantly covalent bonds |
Olivine, Mg2SiO4−Fe2SiO4 | 3.2-4.4 | structure based on close-packing, but with ionic and covalent bonds; density increases as Fe content increases |
Diamond, C | 3.5 | structure based on close-packing, but with covalent bonds |
Barite, BaSO4 | 4.5 | ionic bonds between barium and sulfate groups |
Hematite (iron oxide), Fe2O3 | 5.3 | structure based on close-packing; ionic and metallic bonds |
Galena (lead sulfide), PbS | 7.6 | structure based on close-packing; ionic and metallic bonds |
Silver, Ag | 10.5 | close-packed structure; metallic bonds |
Gold, Au | 19.3 | close-packed structure; metallic bonds |