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Contents
- Introduction and guidance
- Introduction
- 1 Bacteria and infectious disease
- 2 Antibiotics
- 3 Pre-antibiotic era
- 4 Modern times
- 5 Case study: the link between antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance
- 6 What does the future hold?
- 7 This week’s quiz
- 8 Summary
- Introduction
- 1 Selective toxicity
- 2 Antibiotic modes of action
- 3 Case study: mechanism of ß-lactams
- 4 Types of antibiotic
- 5 This week’s quiz
- 6 Summary
- Introduction
- 1 Antibiotic resistance mechanisms
- 2 Intrinsic and acquired resistance
- 3 Case study: resistance to third-generation cephalosporins
- 4 This week’s quiz
- 5 Summary
- Introduction
- 1 How do mutations lead to resistance?
- 2 Horizontal transfer
- 3 Why are so many bacteria resistant to antibiotics?
- 4 Case study: resistance to cephalosporins
- 5 This week’s quiz
- 6 Summary
- Introduction
- 1 The antibiotic resistance crisis
- 2 How antibiotic resistance spreads
- 3 Poor hygiene and infection control
- 4 Overuse of antibiotics
- 5 Misuse of antibiotics
- 6 The antibiotic discovery void
- 7 Inadequate diagnostics and global surveillance
- 8 Case study: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
- 9 This week’s quiz
- 10 Summary
- Introduction
- 1 Origins of antibiotics
- 2 The manufacturing process
- 3 Current status of antibiotics
- 4 Barriers to new antibiotics – and possible solutions
- 5 Making existing antibiotics more effective
- 6 Case study: cephalosporin antibiotics
- 7 ‘Bioprospecting’ for new antibiotics
- 8 This week’s quiz
- 9 Summary
- Introduction
- 1 Disrupting bacterial communication
- 2 Other ways to kill bacteria
- 3 Exploiting the natural defences of bacteria
- 4 A lesson from history
- 5 This week’s quiz
- 6 Summary
- Where next?
- Introduction
- 1 Why do we need to reduce antibiotic use?
- 2 A simple way to reduce the spread of infections
- 3 Case study: reducing antibiotic resistance by improving hand washing
- 4 Rapid infection diagnostics
- 5 This week’s quiz
- 6 Summary
- References
- Acknowledgements
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