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# 2.3 Diverging terminology

Different countries use various terms to describe neurodivergent conditions, reflecting cultural, historical and societal approaches. In the UK, primary and secondary education refer to these conditions as ‘Special Educational Needs’ (SEN), while further and higher education use ‘Specific Learning Differences’ (SpLD). In the USA and Australia, the term ‘Specific Learning Disabilities’ is common. The distinction between ‘differences’ and ‘disabilities’ highlights varying national perspectives and societal beliefs. The term ‘Specific Learning Disorder’ is also found in academic literature.

## Activity 5 How these terms impact us

Allow about 15 minutes

Focusing on the terms ‘Specific Learning Differences’ as used in the UK, and ‘Specific Learning Disabilities’ as adopted in the USA, consider how language could be shaping our understanding and attitudes toward neurodivergent conditions. Reflect on the semantic and emotional weight each term carries, how they might influence an individual’s self-perception, and what implications they might have on policy, educational approaches and support systems.

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Recently, terms like ‘neurodivergent’ and ‘neurotypical’ have become popular. These terms promote inclusivity, reduce stigma, empower individuals, foster better communication, and encourage supportive practices. They help recognise and respect cognitive diversity. However, language is always evolving, and these terms might change in the future as political correctness continues to foster a more respectful and understanding society.

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