# 2.2.4 Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

ASD is a spectrum condition affecting individuals differently, with manifestations ranging from mild to severe. Core characteristics include repetitive behaviours and challenges in social communication. Autistic individuals may also experience sensory sensitivities, heightened anxiety, and develop an intense focus on specific interests. As with the other neurodivergent conditions, everyone with ASD has unique strengths and weaknesses, and the degree and combination of all associated traits can vary widely. However, both repetitive behaviours and difficulties with social interaction are essential for a diagnosis.

## Further resources

For a more detailed definition, visit the National Autistic Society. You may also want to study the 24-hour OpenLearn badged course Understanding autism.

Understanding these conditions ensures that support is holistic, addressing not just academic needs but also emotional and behavioural aspects. This comprehensive approach helps neurodivergent individuals thrive in various environments. Week 4 will look more closely at comorbidity and mental health as the association between learning difficulties and mental health ‘is the rule, not the exception’ (Chung, Patel and Nizami, 2020).

OpenLearn - Understanding dyslexia
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