Cotton is very important to M&S. Within our Clothing & Home business it is the largest raw material and on average we use around 50,000 tonnes of lint cotton each year. Our cotton fibre mainly comes from India, China, Pakistan, Turkey, Brazil, USA, Africa and Australia and our supply chain is complex. We don’t own farms or factories and don’t purchase raw materials directly. Most of the raw materials that go into our products are sourced in a global market and cotton is no exception. (Marks and Spencer PLC, 2018)
Our sustainable business model is characterised by a high degree of integration of all phases of the fashion process: design, supply, product and manufacturing quality control, logistics and retail through our 7,475 stores worldwide and in 47 online markets. (Inditex Annual Report 2017, p. 27)
China | 15.1 |
United States | 7.6 |
India | 4.7 |
Pakistan | 3.5 |
Vietnam | 2.6 |
Turkey | 1.7 |
Australia | 1.6 |
Hong Kong | 1.6 |
Brazil | 1.5 |
Italy | 1.4 |
China | 28.2% |
United States | 14.2% |
India | |
Pakistan | |
Vietnam | 4.9% |
Turkey | |
Australia | 3.0% |
Hong Kong | 3.0% |
Brazil | |
Italy | 2.7% |
China | 28.2% |
United States | 14.2% |
India | 8.8% |
Pakistan | 6.5% |
Vietnam | 4.9% |
Turkey | 3.2% |
Australia | 3.0% |
Hong Kong | 3.0% |
Brazil | 2.8% |
Italy | 2.7% |
China | 17.3% |
Bangladesh | 10.7% |
Vietnam | 8.4% |
Turkey | 6.0% |
Indonesia | 4.3% |
Hong Kong | 3.0% |
Italy | 2.5% |
South Korea | 2.1% |
Germany | 2.0% |
Mexico | 2.0% |
Bangladesh | 18.3% |
China | 14.2% |
Turkey | 5.9% |
Germany | 5.0% |
India | 4.4% |
Italy | 3.8% |
Spain | 3.2% |
Vietnam | 3.0% |
Netherlands | 3.0% |
Honduras | 2.9% |
Cotton exporters | Textile and spinning | Making | Retail |
---|---|---|---|
China | China | Bangladesh | USA |
USA | Bangladesh | China | Germany |
India | Vietnam | Turkey | Japan |
Pakistan | Turkey | Germany | France |
Vietnam | Indonesia | India | UK |
Turkey | Hong Kong | Italy | Spain |
Australia | Italy | Spain | Netherlands |
Hong Kong | South Korea | Vietnam | Italy |
Brazil | Germany | Netherlands | Korea |
Italy | Mexico | Honduras | Hong Kong |
Price (US$) |
Selling price of cotton per kg |
---|---|
Farming (crop) | 0.56 |
Ginning (fibre or lint) | 1.29 |
Spinning (yarn) | 2.56 |
Knitting (grey fabric) | 3.17 |
Dyeing and finishing (dyed fabric) | 5.60 |
Garment stitching | 12.68 |
Finished garment | 64 |
Price (US$) |
Selling price of cotton per kg | Value added |
---|---|---|
Farming (crop) | 0.56 | 0.56 |
Ginning (fibre or lint) | 1.29 | 0.73 |
Spinning (yarn) | 2.56 | |
Knitting (grey fabric) | 3.17 | 0.61 |
Dyeing and finishing (dyed fabric) | 5.60 | |
Garment stitching | 12.68 | 7.08 |
Finished garment (1kg is 4 t-shirts) | 64 |
Price (US$) |
Selling price of cotton per kg | Value added |
---|---|---|
Farming (crop) | 0.56 | 0.56 |
Ginning (fibre or lint) | 1.29 | 0.73 |
Spinning (yarn) | 2.56 | 1.27 |
Knitting (grey fabric) | 3.17 | 0.61 |
Dyeing and finishing (dyed fabric) | 5.60 | 2.43 |
Garment stitching | 12.68 | 7.08 |
Finished garment (1kg is 4 t-shirts) | 64 | 51.32 |
RMG is the mainstay of the Bangladesh economy which contributes 83.5% of the export earnings from production by 3,856 factories employing 3.6m workers, of which 85% are women. (USAD, 2018)
Bangladesh’s poverty rate reduced to 24.3% at the end of the last year from 31.55% in previous years, according to a survey report. (Dhaka Tribune, 2017)