# Glossary

Administrative devolution
  Refers to a transfer of responsibility for policy areas with a specific Welsh dimension from Whitehall to Wales-specific bodies.

Child poverty
  is measured by the proportion of children living in families with a household income of less than 60 per cent of the national average household income. This is usually measured after housing costs are deducted.

Cultural capital
  means the knowledge, skills and education which individuals have.

A cultural division of labour
  means that people’s jobs are related to their ethnic or national origins.

Democracy
  Comes from the Greek demos (the people) and kratos (rule).

Devolution
  Is a process whereby political authority is transferred from central government to a lower (regional) level of government.

Ethnic nationalism
  is national belonging defined in terms of culture and common descent, although not necessarily genetic descent.

Economic globalisation
  is a process in which local and national economies become integrated into a global system of exchange and trade)

Gender roles
  Are the patterns of behaviour that society expects from a man or woman

Globalisation
  refers to the increasing extent to which the world is becoming integrated, so that many places are felt to be losing their distinctive qualities and growing more alike.

Gross value added (GVA)
  represents the value of the goods and services produced per head in a region before taxes and subsidies are considered. When the latter are added, the total is referred to as gross domestic product (GDP).

‘Life chances’
  is a term associated with the sociologist Max Weber. It refers to the typical expectation of rewards, opportunities and deprivations that a person may have over the course of a lifetime. Comparison of life chances provides a way of assessing inequalities between different kinds of individuals and groups.

Neo-corporatism
  Refers to a privileged relationship between political actors (especially those in government) and a narrow group of actors representing a specific set of interests.

Race
  signifies the division of humans according to physical characteristics (notably skin colour) into different racial groups. Racismis the attribution of characteristics of superiority or inferiority to a population sharing certain physically inherited characteristics.

Racism
  Is the attribution of characteristics of superiority or inferiority to a population sharing certain physically inherited characteristics.

Shamateurism
  refers to the sham of financial rewards being offered to players by clubs in the era (before 1995) when rugby was ostensibly amateur

Social exclusion
  refers to the economic, cultural and social marginalisation of individuals, families and communities. It describes the long-term consequences of poverty where people experiencing poverty suffer poor educational attainment, poor health outcomes and low housing quality.

Social capital
  means the networks to which people belong which produce resources for achieving their ends.

The Six Nations Championship
  (or RBS 6 Nations for sponsorship reasons) An annual international rugby union competition between England, France, Ireland, Italy, Scotland and Wales

OpenLearn - Contemporary Wales
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