Lesson 5.1: Grassroots resistance

3. Everyday and digital resistance

When public protest becomes too risky, resistance shifts to less visible forms. 

SPAIN

The case study on Spain describes these as ‘everyday micro-strategies’ – the small acts that sustain activists under pressure. These include: 

• blocking or muting online attackers

• using encrypted messaging apps 

• establishing panic buttons or alarm systems

• sharing legal advice and mental-health resources

• maintaining small, trusted friendship networks

BELARUS & TURKIYE

In Belarus and Turkey, encrypted channels keep exiled and local activists connected, despite surveillance risks. These networks provide emotional support and political continuity even when physical organising is impossible.

Such strategies reveal that resistance does not only happen in streets or parliaments. It also happens in the quiet maintenance of safety, connection, and care – practices often overlooked but essential for long-term survival.