Introduction to IAQ in Ice Arenas

1. INTRODUCTION

Air Quality in Ice Arenas

Welcome to the introduction to indoor air quality in is arenas. Ice arenas are a cornerstone of Canadian culture, providing spaces for hockey, figure skating, and recreational skating. With over 2800 ice arenas across Canada, these facilities play a vital role in our communities. Hosting thousands of athletes and Spectators annually.

However, these enclosed environments present unique air quality challenges. Many ice Arenas rely on fossil fuel-powered equipment, such as ice resurfacers (commonly known as Zambonis) and ice edges. Incomplete combustion of these fuels releases pollutants like carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide, which can accumulate to hazardous levels. Between 2010 and 2020, over 10 reported poisoning incidents occurred in Canadian ice arenas.

In December 2024, A suspected carbon monoxide leak in an Ottawa Arena resulted in six Adults and four children being hospitalized. This case is just one of many reinforcing the urgent and persistent need for proactive indoor air quality management in these facilities to prevent future harm.

In the previous section, we mentioned an ice edger, a piece of equipment that may be unfamiliar to many. To help you better understand what it is and how it works, we've included a short video featuring an ice arena staff member explaining its purpose and operation. This context will be useful as we continue discussing ice resurfacing and air quality.

2. HEALTH IMPACTS

Carbon Monoxide

Carbon monoxide poisoning can be difficult to detect because it is a colourless and odourless gas. 

Symptoms can range from mild fatigue and headaches to dizziness, confusion, and in severe cases, loss of consciousness or even death.

Nitrogen dioxide

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a reddish-brown gas with a pungent acrid odour. It is heavier than air and, as a result, may accumulate closer to the ice surface in occupant breathing zones.

NO2 exposure can irritate the eyes, nose, throat, and lungs, potentially causing cough, shortness of breath, tiredness, and nausea. The effects of nitrogen dioxide exposure may be immediate or, in some cases, delayed by one to two days, depending on the level of exposure and an individual's susceptibility.

Long-term exposure to carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide has also been linked to respiratory and cardiovascular issues, particularly among vulnerable populations such as children, the elderly, and individuals with pre-existing conditions. 

3. REGULATORY GAPS

The Ontario Public Health Standards, 2021 (OPHS) Health Hazard Response Protocol requires public health units to inspect and investigate potential environmental health hazards, including facilities that pose an elevated risk of exposure to harmful conditions. Ice Arenas fall under this category due to potential air quality concerns.

Additionally, the OPHS policy framework emphasizes the role of public health programs in reducing disease and preventing harm caused by environmental hazards.

Despite the known risks, Ontario currently lacks a public health regulatory framework governing indoor air quality in ice arenas, and routine inspections are not required. This lack of oversight makes it even more critical for public health inspectors to be equipped with the knowledge and tools needed to assess and address indoor air quality concerns in these facilities.

To bridge this gap, this training program has been developed to provide public health inspectors with the skills and expertise necessary to conduct effective indoor air quality inspections in ice Arenas.

By understanding the risks and best practices for indoor air quality management, public Health inspectors can play a vital role in protecting athletes, spectators, and Arena workers.

Let's begin this crucial journey to enhancing indoor air quality in ice arenas!

4. ONTARIO RECREATION FACILITIES ASSOCIATION

The Ontario Recreation Facilities Association (ORFA) plays a crucial role in promoting best practices for arena operators, including air quality management. ORFA offers guidance, training, and certification programs to ensure that recreational facility staff can effectively identify and mitigate air quality risks.

Before moving forward, please watch the short video featuring Terry Piche from the Ontario Recreational Facilities Association. In this video he provides a brief overview of ORFA and its role in supporting the safe operation and management of recreational facilities. This background will help you understand ORFA’s influence on industry standards and best practices. 

5. QUIZ

Part 1: Multiple Choice

Here is an accessible version of the Part 1 quiz above.

Part 2: Yes or No

Here is an accessible version of the Part 2 quiz above.

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