water source that is within safe physical reach from the home or institution, usually within 1 kilometre or a 30-minute round trip (1)

an obligation or willingness by an organisation or individual to account for their actions and accept responsibility for them. (3)

modifying actions and behaviours to cope with the changed situation; adjustments in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic effects in order to moderate the harm they may cause. (15)

water supply that fulfils the minimum amount per person per day, defined by WHO as 20 litres per person per day. (1)

noun form of the verb to align; to arrange something in a correct position. (4)

initial set of data collected at the start of a project that provides a basis for comparison with later changes. (3)

departments or agencies of a national government that donate funds to another country, i.e. only two countries are involved. (9)

bank account in birr rather than foreign currency. In the context of OWNP, it is important that the Consolidated WASH Account is a birr account. (12)

allocation of funds, usually on an annual basis, from federal to local levels of government. (12)

the ability to do something. (5)

the process through which individuals, organisations and societies obtain, strengthen and maintain the capabilities to set and achieve their own development objectives over time. (5)

also known as ‘agent for change’; someone or something that helps to make changes happen. (6)

schools services with improved sanitation and good handwashing facilities suitable for children. (1)

see CSO

long-term variation in global climate largely attributed to human activities. (15)

national economy designed to withstand possible negative impacts of climate change. (15)

method for mobilising communities to completely eliminate open defecation by triggering collective behaviour change and installing and using latrines (10)

the same as ‘CLTS’, but includes explicit reference to hygiene (H) (10)

latrines shared by a group of households in a community. (14)

giving authority or power to the community and helping them build confidence in their capabilities. (8)

WASH implementation approach where communities are supported to undertake all stages of a project from initiation through planning to implementation and management continuing into the future.  (10)

group of people who share an interest in doing something and learn how to do it better by sharing their experiences. (4)

procurement process in which several service providers are put in competition with each other to bid for the work. (13)

in the OWNP context, categories that divide the programme into appropriate sub-sections in consideration of physical and financial planning, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation activities. (6)

general agreement among a group of people. (5)

unified funding channel that allows all funds from major donors to be deposited in one bank account. (1)

single combined plan for water supply, sanitation and hygiene schemes that integrates the separate plans from all WASH implementing organisations. (10)

topics that affect (i.e. cut across) all aspects of a programme. (8)

(civil society organisation) organisations that are not commercial, not part of government and not based on family. (9)

strong need or desire for a certain commodity or service. (5)

facilities for removing sludge from pit latrines and septic tanks, e.g. vacuum truck services. (14)

collaborative body consisting of development partners who provide development assistance in Ethiopia. (9)

any organisation working in partnership with national and local government bodies that provides development assistance. (9)

increasing output for a given input, or minimising input for a given output. (3)

conditions that can enable a certain phenomenon or event or programme to happen. (5)

study of the patterns of distribution and causes of disease in a population. (1)

equal allocation of resources, services and opportunity to all segments of the population. (3)

objective assessment of an ongoing or completed project or programme to assess its design, implementation and results, and the extent to which the stated objectives have been achieved (13)

day of activity/meeting/gathering/celebration, usually focused on a single theme (e.g. water supply, hygiene promotion); may be local, national or international. (11)

of disease, meaning the infection passes from faeces to mouth. (1)

study conducted before a project to assess if the construction is technically possible and can be achieved at reasonable cost. (6)

WASH sector stakeholder forum linking research with practice, led by MoWIE in collaboration with RiPPLE. (11)

formal meeting of many participants representing a wide range of WASH stakeholders, usually held over several days that aims to share knowledge and experience or to debate and resolve several identified problems. (11)

to recover all costs of operation and maintenance as well as investment costs (6)

to consider women’s needs and perspectives equally with men's at all times; to realise gender is an important issue and not an afterthought. (2)

the processes for making and implementing the best possible decisions. (5)

high-level decision making and the development of strategies that will be implemented by others. (7)

financial support given by a donor that is not paid back. (10)

gases such as carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide that contribute to climate change. (15)

stores of water held underground within the rocks are gradually reduced because too much water has been extracted via wells and boreholes. (15)

five-year Ethiopian national development plan to improve the economy. (2)

advice or counselling. (7)

physical parts of a scheme such as well linings, pumps, latrine slabs, etc. (see ‘software components’). (10)

bringing about agreement or standardisation among different people, plans or actions. (4)

teams of people (mostly women) at community level who will promote primary health activities, including WASH, at grassroots level among other families. (6)

links between groups at a similar level in an organisation. (7)

set of practices performed for the preservation of health and healthy living. (1)

long-term effects and consequences of project or programme outcomes.(13)

including marginalised and unserved communities within, and not separate from, society as a whole. (8)

something that can be seen, measured or counted and provides evidence of progress towards a target (13)

process of change from an agriculture-based economy to one based on industry. (15)

combining or linking two or more different activities to achieve certain objectives. (4)

also known as ‘capital costs’; costs of new programmes and projects that only occur once, including design, construction and commissioning costs. (12)

stakeholder consultative meetings held twice a year. Their purpose is to review progress on previous plans, identify current key strategic challenges and decide on priority thematic areas for the next Multi-Stakeholder Forum. (11)

the most important measures of performance by organisations in terms of meeting their strategic and operational goals. (13)

the process of capturing, distributing and effectively using knowledge. (11)

the art of knowing what to do and then seeing that it is done in the best and most cost-effective way. (7)

computer-based system that is used to record, process, integrate and store data. (13)

treated as insignificant or not important. (8)

formal working document that outlines procedures and the roles, responsibilities and accountability of the organisations that sign it towards meeting a certain objective. (2)

finance institutions that provide banking services, including loans for low-income groups and individuals. (9)

internationally agreed, time-bound and quantified targets for development. The eight goals were set in 2000 at the United Nations Millennium Summit and the goals were to be achieved by 2015. (2)

reducing the negative effects of something undesirable; reducing the causes of climate change e.g. by reducing greenhouse gas emissions. (15)

an approach, or procedures to be followed, to carry out a certain task; the way or mode in which something is done. (6)

systematic and continuous assessment of the progress of a project or programme over time in order to check that activities are going to plan (13)

set of processes designed to measure the achievements and progress of a project or programme; involves collecting data before, during and after implementation. (7)

international institutions and organisations such as The World Bank, the United Nations and its agencies, i.e. many countries are involved. (9)

largest annual forum in the WASH calendar in Ethiopia. It brings together all the main stakeholders from government at federal and regional levels of the four WASH ministries, development partners, NGOs and representatives of the private sector and academic institutions. (11)

water supply system that extends from a single common source to many villages located around it with separate distribution points for each village. (6)

integrated listing of water supply, sanitation and hygiene service coverage data in Ethiopia. (3)

the top of the OWNP hierarchy, responsible for providing the overall guidance and general direction for WASH sector ministries and their respective regional bureaus and woreda offices. (7)

responsible for managerial oversight of technical activities at national level. (7)

any organisation that is not part of a government. (9)

funds outside the control of government and are not included in the national annual budget. (12)

funds included in the national annual budget description. (12)

consolidated national programme designed to improve drinking water supply, sanitation and hygiene services of the Ethiopian people. (1)

status claimed by communities where no one defecates in the open because everyone has access to a latrine; the goal of CLTSH. (10)

running costs of a project that will continue over time. (6)

describes relationships in an organisation and defines how job tasks are formally subdivided, grouped and coordinated. (7)

effects of programme or project outputs, usually in the short to medium term. (13)

things produced or objectives achieved by a project or programme (13)

taking part or being actively involved in a process or activity. (5)

agreement to carry out a certain task together that will benefit all involved, according to their own interests. (4)

way of life in which people who keep animals, such as cattle, sheep, etc., move from place to place looking for sufficient water and food for their animals. (6)

per head or per person. (14)

systematic process of establishing a need and then working out the best way to meet the need by deciding objectives and activities, with their sequences and resources. (14)

water supply accessed at source, e.g. hand-dug wells, protected springs. (6)

high-level statement of overall purpose and principles that will guide plans and decisions. (2)

the presence or release into the environment of any substance that can cause harm. (15)

the part of a country’s economy that is not run by the government. (9)

buying or obtaining goods and services. (13)

responsible for implementing OWNP plans and activities at federal and regional level, and zonal where appropriate. (7)

main guiding document for management of funds channelled through the Consolidated WASH Account. (4)

any set of related events, activities or projects. Programmes are developed to enact policies and strategies. (2)

aid provided to support the implementation of a single project without integrated planning and use of resources. (3)

latrines open to anybody, in public places or in residential areas. (14)

collaboration between a public or government office and a private sector company towards a common objective and for mutual benefit (4)

conditions or things that need to exist or be done before starting an activity. (10)

all the continuing costs of running an organisation or programme; staff salaries are usually the largest component. (12)

responsible for WASH governance at regional level. (7)

responsible for managerial oversight of technical activities at regional level. (7)

restoring a non-functional water scheme to an efficient working condition. (14)

identification of the sources and amounts of all possible funds for a project. (10)

compilation, usually in a diagram or table, of the expected results from a project or programme. (13)

areas with people living in small settlements, usually with agricultural livelihoods, and with poor infrastructure and services. (6)

supply of water that is free from any form of disease-causing agents. (1)

the prevention of human contact with wastes, or the provision of facilities and services for the safe disposal of human urine and faeces. (1)

satisfying improved sanitation requirements (both demand and supply) through social and commercial marketing process as opposed to a welfare package. (10)

development concept where all significant sector investments are channelled towards the same objectives and follow a consistent strategy that is guided by a consolidated investment plan. (3)

the construction and use of small-scale water schemes at household level, such as hand-dug wells. (6)

network of underground sewer pipes in a town or city. (Note this is not the same as ‘sewage’, which is the wastewater that flows through a sewer.) (14)

critical review of all aspects of a current situation in order to inform planning and decision making. (6)

shallow tanks where sewage sludge is left to dry out and can then be used as a soil improver. (14)

water supply system with piped extension for distribution. Users do not access water at the source but far away at the distribution point. (6)

concept that deals with the accountability of the service providers to the user communities. (8)

loan from foreign government or international financing institutions to be paid back but with a minimal interest rate. (10)

activities that focus on knowledge, attitude and behavioural changes of the individual or the whole community (see ‘hardware components’). (10)

an individual, organisation or group that has an interest in something, e.g. an enterprise, situation, project or programme. (3)

documents developed to operationalise policies, in other words to translate policies into action. (2)

sequence of steps or processes or added components involved in making a product from start to finish. (9)

concept describing projects and interventions that give due consideration to social, environmental and economic factors, and are therefore more effective and last for a long time. (3)

the results of coordinated actions are greater than the sum of the individual actions. (4)

responsible for implementing and coordinating OWNP activities at town/city level. (7)

committees of representatives from all the WASH sector offices (water, health, education) and from communities and other user groups with responsibility for managing town water supply. (6)

cost incurred in making an economic exchange. (3)

(of governance) decisions taken in such a way that is easy for anyone to see what procedures have been followed. (5)

Ethiopian national WASH plan that ultimately aims to provide 100% service coverage for water supply and sanitation. (2)

larger settlements with high population (i.e. towns and cities), usually with better infrastructure and services. (6)

increase in the number of people living in towns and cities relative to rural areas. (15)

percentage of the total population that live in urban areas. (15)

vehicles that suck out the sludge from a pit or septic tank and take it away for disposal. (14)

flow of information and decisions from higher organisations (e.g. federal ministries) to lower levels. (7)

abbreviation for ‘water, sanitation and hygiene’. (1)

group of local people elected by the community with responsibility for specific water supply schemes/projects. Membership must be 50% women. (7)

guiding document for all WASH programmes in Ethiopia. (3)

water provided by public utilities, commercial organisations, communities or individuals. (1)

price paid by consumers for water. (6)

organisations that provide water supply service to towns. (6)

WASH implementation approach in which the woreda WASH Team (WWT) takes the lead and is responsible for administering funds allocated to a woreda, kebele or community. (10)

responsible for implementing planned WASH activities at woreda level under supervision of the woreda WASH Steering Committee. (7)