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Exploring communications technology

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This diagram shows a pair of axes. The X axis is labelled I and has points minus 3, minus 1, 1 and 3 marked on the axis. The Y axis is labelled Q and likewise has points minus 3, minus 1, 1 and 3 marked on the axis.

There are 16 dots positioned between the axes in a square formation, four rows of four. There is a dot at the intersection of each of the points marked on the axes. Thus the dots are spaced at regular intervals, the same distance apart.

 1.7 Quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM)