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A

AI

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the theory and development of computer systems which could perform tasks that usually require human intelligence (such as visual perception, speech recognition and decision-making). AI can range from simple rule-based systems to complex neural networks capable of adapting to new data.



AI agents

Software systems that can perceive their environment, make decisions, and take actions to achieve specific goals, autonomously using AI.


AI literacy

A framework to critically understand, evaluate and use new technologies and one that requires a ‘self-reflective mindset’.


AI persona

A tailored set of characteristics, mannerisms, key skills and behaviours that you want the AI to adopt during your interaction.


Algorithm

An algorithm is a step-by-step procedure for solving a problem or performing a task. It is a set of rules or instructions that a computer follows to achieve a specific goal.


Application areas

Application areas are the specific fields or domains where AI technologies are applied. Examples include healthcare, finance, transportation, and entertainment.


B

Backpropagation

Backpropagation is a training algorithm for neural networks. It adjusts the weights of the network by propagating the error backwards from the output layer to the input layer, improving the model's accuracy.


Bias

Systematic errors or distortions in the outputs of an AI system which reflect or reenforce discriminatory patterns or stereotypes. This is often due to underlying issues in the training data of an AI system (also see Prejudice).


Black box model

An AI system whose internal workings are not easily interpretable or transparent, even to its developers.


D

Deep learning

Deep learning is a type of machine learning that uses neural networks with many layers (deep networks) to analyse and learn from large amounts of data. It is particularly effective for tasks like image and speech recognition.


De-skilling

Over reliance on GenAI tools will lead to people having fewer skills.



Digital divide

The patterns of unequal access to information technology based on income, race, ethnicity, gender, age, and geography.


E

Ethics

The use of AI which preserves trust and protects sensitive data through technical and organisational measures.


Expert systems

Expert systems are AI programs that mimic the decision-making abilities of human experts. They use a knowledge base and inference engine to solve complex problems in specific domains.


Explainability (of an AI)

Explainability in AI means making AI decisions understandable to humans allowing them to interpret the decisions made by an AI system. It involves making providing clear explanations for its actions and helps to improve trust and transparency.


F

Fine-tuning

A pre-trained neural network is further trained on a specifically tailored set of data relevant to a specific task or tasks.  This improves the AI performance on those tasks.


G

Generative Artificial Intelligence

Generative AI refers to AI systems that can create new content, such as images, music, or text, based on the data they have been trained on. These systems can generate original and creative outputs. Examples include language models like GPT and image generators like DALL·E.


Graphical Processing Units

Graphical Processing Units (GPUs) are specialized hardware designed for parallel processing. They are widely used in AI and deep learning to accelerate the training of large models.


Guard rails

Guard rails in AI are safety measures designed to prevent harmful or unintended outcomes. They ensure that AI systems operate within acceptable boundaries and adhere to ethical guidelines.


H

Hallucinations

Answers produced by Generative AI which are inaccurate, misleading or nonsensical.



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