A process that uses AMR data that has been collected for other purposes, for example in humans using data generated from laboratories that test samples to support clinical treatment of hospitalised people.

Circles of DNA that can be transmitted between bacteria and frequently carry genes that confer resistance to antimicrobials.

The proportion of a population with a particular condition at a particular time. For example, the proportion of Salmonella isolates that are resistant to a particular antibiotic at the time of testing.

Administration of therapeutic doses of antimicrobials to groups of animals to prevent clinical disease.